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• MIPS return address in main

  - by Alexander

  I am confused why in the code below I need to decrement the stack pointer and store the return address again. If I don't do that... then PCSpim keeps on looping.. Why is that? ######################################################################################################################## ### main ######################################################################################################################## .text .globl main main: addi $sp, $sp, -4 # Make space on stack sw $ra, 0($sp) # Save return address # Start test 1 ############################################################ la $a0, asize1 # 1st parameter: address of asize1[0] la $a1, frame1 # 2nd parameter: address of frame1[0] la $a2, window1 # 3rd parameter: address of window1[0] jal vbsme # call function # Printing $v0 add $a0, $v0, $zero # Load $v0 for printing li $v0, 1 # Load the system call numbers syscall # Print newline. la $a0, newline # Load value for printing li $v0, 4 # Load the system call numbers syscall # Printing $v1 add $a0, $v1, $zero # Load $v1 for printing li $v0, 1 # Load the system call numbers syscall # Print newline. la $a0, newline # Load value for printing li $v0, 4 # Load the system call numbers syscall # Print newline. la $a0, newline # Load value for printing li $v0, 4 # Load the system call numbers syscall ############################################################ # End of test 1 lw $ra, 0($sp) # Restore return address addi $sp, $sp, 4 # Restore stack pointer jr $ra # Return ######################################################################################################################## ### vbsme ######################################################################################################################## #.text .globl vbsme vbsme: addi $sp, $sp, -4 # create space on the stack pointer sw $ra, 0($sp) # save return address exit: add $v1, $t5, $zero # (v1) x coordinate of the block in the frame with the minimum SAD add $v0, $t4, $zero # (v0) y coordinate of the block in the frame with the minimum SAD lw $ra, 0($sp) # restore return address addi $sp, $sp, 4 # restore stack pointer jr $ra # return If I delete: addi $sp, $sp, -4 # create space on the stack pointer sw $ra, 0($sp) # save return address and lw $ra, 0($sp) # restore return address addi $sp, $sp, 4 # restore stack pointer on vbsme: PCSpim keeps on running... Why??? I shouldn't have to increment/decrement the stack pointer on vbsme and then do the jr again right? The jal in main is supposed to handle that

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• Error in Print Function in Bubble Sort MIPS?

  - by m00nbeam360

  Sorry that this is such a long block of code, but do you see any obvious syntax errors in this? I feel like the problem is that the code isn't printing correctly since the sort and swap methods were from my textbook. Please help if you can! .data save: .word 1,2,4,2,5,6 size: .word 6 .text swap: sll $t1, $a1, 2 #shift bits by 2 add $t1, $a1, $t1 #set $t1 address to v[k] lw $t0, 0($t1) #load v[k] into t1 lw $t2, 4($t1) #load v[k+1] into t1 sw $t2, 0($t1) #swap addresses sw $t0, 4($t1) #swap addresses jr $ra #return sort: addi $sp, $sp, -20 #make enough room on the stack for five registers sw $ra, 16($sp) #save the return address on the stack sw $s3, 12($sp) #save $s3 on the stack sw $s2, 8($sp) #save Ss2 on the stack sw $s1, 4($sp) #save $s1 on the stack sw $s0, 0($sp) #save $s0 on the stack move $s2, $a0 #copy the parameter $a0 into $s2 (save $a0) move $s3, $a1 #copy the parameter $a1 into $s3 (save $a1) move $s0, $zero #start of for loop, i = 0 for1tst: slt $t0, $s0, $s3 #$t0 = 0 if $s0 S $s3 (i S n) beq $t0, $zero, exit1 #go to exit1 if $s0 S $s3 (i S n) addi $s1, $s0, -1 #j - i - 1 for2tst: slti $t0, $s1, 0 #$t0 = 1 if $s1 < 0 (j < 0) bne $t0, $zero, exit2 #$t0 = 1 if $s1 < 0 (j < 0) sll $t1, $s1, 2 #$t1 = j * 4 (shift by 2 bits) add $t2, $s2, $t1 #$t2 = v + (j*4) lw $t3, 0($t2) #$t3 = v[j] lw $t4, 4($t2) #$t4 = v[j+1] slt $t0, $t4, $t3 #$t0 = 0 if $t4 S $t3 beq $t0, $zero, exit2 #go to exit2 if $t4 S $t3 move $a0, $s2 #1st parameter of swap is v(old $a0) move $a1, $s1 #2nd parameter of swap is j jal swap #swap addi $s1, $s1, -1 j for2tst #jump to test of inner loop j print exit2: addi $s0, $s0, 1 #i = i + 1 j for1tst #jump to test of outer loop exit1: lw $s0, 0($sp) #restore $s0 from stack lw $s1, 4($sp) #resture $s1 from stack lw $s2, 8($sp) #restore $s2 from stack lw $s3, 12($sp) #restore $s3 from stack lw $ra, 16($sp) #restore $ra from stack addi $sp, $sp, 20 #restore stack pointer jr $ra #return to calling routine .data space:.asciiz " " # space to insert between numbers head: .asciiz "The sorted numbers are:\n" .text print:add $t0, $zero, $a0 # starting address of array add $t1, $zero, $a1 # initialize loop counter to array size la $a0, head # load address of print heading li $v0, 4 # specify Print String service syscall # print heading out: lw $a0, 0($t0) # load fibonacci number for syscall li $v0, 1 # specify Print Integer service syscall # print fibonacci number la $a0, space # load address of spacer for syscall li $v0, 4 # specify Print String service syscall # output string addi $t0, $t0, 4 # increment address addi $t1, $t1, -1 # decrement loop counter bgtz $t1, out # repeat if not finished jr $ra # return

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• reading the file name from user input in MIPS assembly

  - by Hassan Al-Jeshi

  I'm writing a MIPS assembly code that will ask the user for the file name and it will produce some statistics about the content of the file. However, when I hard code the file name into a variable from the beginning it works just fine, but when I ask the user to input the file name it does not work. after some debugging, I have discovered that the program adds 0x00 char and 0x0a char (check asciitable.com) at the end of user input in the memory and that's why it does not open the file based on the user input. anyone has any idea about how to get rid of those extra chars, or how to open the file after getting its name from the user?? here is my complete code (it is working fine except for the file name from user thing, and anybody is free to use it for any purpose he/she wants to): .data fin: .ascii "" # filename for input msg0: .asciiz "aaaa" msg1: .asciiz "Please enter the input file name:" msg2: .asciiz "Number of Uppercase Char: " msg3: .asciiz "Number of Lowercase Char: " msg4: .asciiz "Number of Decimal Char: " msg5: .asciiz "Number of Words: " nline: .asciiz "\n" buffer: .asciiz "" .text #----------------------- li $v0, 4 la $a0, msg1 syscall li $v0, 8 la $a0, fin li $a1, 21 syscall jal fileRead #read from file move $s1, $v0 #$t0 = total number of bytes li $t0, 0 # Loop counter li $t1, 0 # Uppercase counter li $t2, 0 # Lowercase counter li $t3, 0 # Decimal counter li $t4, 0 # Words counter loop: bge $t0, $s1, end #if end of file reached OR if there is an error in the file lb $t5, buffer($t0) #load next byte from file jal checkUpper #check for upper case jal checkLower #check for lower case jal checkDecimal #check for decimal jal checkWord #check for words addi $t0, $t0, 1 #increment loop counter j loop end: jal output jal fileClose li $v0, 10 syscall fileRead: # Open file for reading li $v0, 13 # system call for open file la $a0, fin # input file name li $a1, 0 # flag for reading li $a2, 0 # mode is ignored syscall # open a file move $s0, $v0 # save the file descriptor # reading from file just opened li $v0, 14 # system call for reading from file move $a0, $s0 # file descriptor la $a1, buffer # address of buffer from which to read li $a2, 100000 # hardcoded buffer length syscall # read from file jr $ra output: li $v0, 4 la $a0, msg2 syscall li $v0, 1 move $a0, $t1 syscall li $v0, 4 la $a0, nline syscall li $v0, 4 la $a0, msg3 syscall li $v0, 1 move $a0, $t2 syscall li $v0, 4 la $a0, nline syscall li $v0, 4 la $a0, msg4 syscall li $v0, 1 move $a0, $t3 syscall li $v0, 4 la $a0, nline syscall li $v0, 4 la $a0, msg5 syscall addi $t4, $t4, 1 li $v0, 1 move $a0, $t4 syscall jr $ra checkUpper: blt $t5, 0x41, L1 #branch if less than 'A' bgt $t5, 0x5a, L1 #branch if greater than 'Z' addi $t1, $t1, 1 #increment Uppercase counter L1: jr $ra checkLower: blt $t5, 0x61, L2 #branch if less than 'a' bgt $t5, 0x7a, L2 #branch if greater than 'z' addi $t2, $t2, 1 #increment Lowercase counter L2: jr $ra checkDecimal: blt $t5, 0x30, L3 #branch if less than '0' bgt $t5, 0x39, L3 #branch if greater than '9' addi $t3, $t3, 1 #increment Decimal counter L3: jr $ra checkWord: bne $t5, 0x20, L4 #branch if 'space' addi $t4, $t4, 1 #increment words counter L4: jr $ra fileClose: # Close the file li $v0, 16 # system call for close file move $a0, $s0 # file descriptor to close syscall # close file jr $ra Note: I'm using MARS Simulator, if that makes any different

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• How to create a text file from column and FTP that text file to server

  - by addi

  I have workbook with 2 sheets (Sheet1 and sheet2). On sheet1 user will enter the data which will be populated in the column B and then column C will hold the values from Col A and B on sheet2. I need to create a text file from the values in coloumn C on a click of a button and then upload(FTP) that file to a server. So the sheet1 will have 2 buttons. Button1 will save the excel file and create the text file in windows temp directory. e.g text.xls text.prop (text file whoch has all the values in column C on sheet2) Button2 will upload (FTP) the text file (.prop) to a server. Can anyone please send me the steps and VB code to achieve the above tasks? Thanks in Advance Addi

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• For Loops in MIPS assembly

  - by John Moffitt

  I'm having problems getting my processor to simulate correctly and I think I've narrowed it down to the program I'm giving it. 1. li $R1, 0 2. li $R2, 0x100 3. li $R6, 1 4. li $R8, 0 5. li $R9, 20 6. lw $R3, 0($R1) 7. lw $R4, 4($R1) 8. add $R5, $R3, $R4 9. srlv $R5, $R5, $R6 10. sw $R5, 0($R2) 11. addi $R1, $R1, 4 12. addi $R2, $R2, 4 13. addi $R8, $R8, 1 14. slt $R7, $R8, $R9 15. bnq $R7, $zero, -9 It should iterate through the bottom portion 20 times and then exit. I'm particularly unsure about the branch instruction but I can't find anything wrong with it so : /

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• MIPS: removing non alpha-numeric characters from a string

  - by Kron

  I'm in the process of writing a program in MIPS that will determine whether or not a user entered string is a palindrome. It has three subroutines which are under construction. Here is the main block of code, subroutines to follow with relevant info: .data Buffer: .asciiz " " # 80 bytes in Buffer intro: .asciiz "Hello, please enter a string of up to 80 characters. I will then tell you if that string was a palindrome!" .text main: li $v0, 4 # print_string call number la $a0, intro # pointer to string in memory syscall li $v0, 8 #syscall code for reading string la $a0, Buffer #save read string into buffer li $a1, 80 #string is 80 bytes long syscall li $s0, 0 #i = 0 li $t0, 80 #max for i to reach la $a0, Buffer jal stripNonAlpha li $v0, 4 # print_string call number la $a0, Buffer # pointer to string in memory syscall li $s0, 0 jal findEnd jal toUpperCase li $v0, 4 # print_string call number la $a0, Buffer # pointer to string in memory syscall Firstly, it's supposed to remove all non alpha-numeric characters from the string before hand, but when it encounters a character designated for removal, all characters after that are removed. stripNonAlpha: beq $s0, $t0, stripEnd #if i = 80 end add $t4, $s0, $a0 #address of Buffer[i] in $t4 lb $s1, 0($t4) #load value of Buffer[i] addi $s0, $s0, 1 #i = i + 1 slti $t1, $s1, 48 #if ascii code is less than 48 bne $t1, $zero, strip #remove ascii character slti $t1, $s1, 58 #if ascii code is greater than 57 #and slti $t2, $s1, 65 #if ascii code is less than 65 slt $t3, $t1, $t2 bne $t3, $zero, strip #remove ascii character slti $t1, $s1, 91 #if ascii code is greater than 90 #and slti $t2, $s1, 97 #if ascii code is less than 97 slt $t3, $t1, $t2 bne $t3, $zero, strip #remove ascii character slti $t1, $s1, 123 #if ascii character is greater than 122 beq $t1, $zero, strip #remove ascii character j stripNonAlpha #go to stripNonAlpha strip: #add $t5, $s0, $a0 #address of Buffer[i] in $t5 sb $0, 0($t4) #Buffer[i] = 0 #addi $s0, $s0, 1 #i = i + 1 j stripNonAlpha #go to stripNonAlpha stripEnd: la $a0, Buffer #save modified string into buffer jr $ra #return Secondly, it is supposed to convert all lowercase characters to uppercase. toUpperCase: beq $s0, $s2, upperEnd add $t4, $s0, $a0 lb $s1, 0($t4) addi $s1, $s1, 1 slti $t1, $s1, 97 #beq $t1, $zero, upper slti $t2, $s1, 123 slt $t3, $t1, $t2 bne $t1, $zero, upper j toUpperCase upper: add $t5, $s0, $a0 addi $t6, $t6, -32 sb $t6, 0($t5) j toUpperCase upperEnd: la $a0, Buffer jr $ra The final subroutine, which checks if the string is a palindrome isn't anywhere near complete at the moment. I'm having trouble finding the end of the string because I'm not sure what PC-SPIM uses as the carriage return character. Any help is appreciated, I have the feeling most of my problems result from something silly and stupid so feel free to point out anything, no matter how small.

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• change column widths in mysql query

  - by addi

  <?php // Connection Database $search = $_POST ['Search']; mysql_connect("xxxxxx", "xxxxxxxxx", "xxxxxx") or die ("Error Connecting to Database"); mysql_select_db("xxxxxx") or die('Error'); $data = mysql_query("SELECT* FROM course WHERE MATCH (CourseName, CourseDescription, CourseLeader) AGAINST ('". $search ."')") or die (mysql_error()); Print "<table border cellpadding=3>"; while($info = mysql_fetch_array( $data )) { Print "<tr>"; Print "<th>Course Name:</th> <td>".$info['CourseName'] . "</td> "; Print "<th>Course Description:</th><td>".$info['CourseDescription'] . "</td> "; Print "<th>Course Leader:</th><td>".$info['CourseLeader'] . " </td></tr>"; } Print "</table>"; ?> In my php code I print the columns CourseName, CourseDescription, CourseLeader after a search, as a resultset. CourseDescription has a lot of text, how do I print it all? is there a way to change the column widths?

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• searching for multiple columns mysql and php

  - by addi

  i'm trying to search for multiple columns using this code: <?php // Connection Database $search = $_POST ['Search']; mysql_connect("xxxxxx", "xxxxxx", "xxxxx") or die ("Error Connecting to Database"); mysql_select_db("xxxxx") or die('Error'); $data = mysql_query("SELECT CourseName, CourseDescription, CourseLeader FROM course MATCH (CourseName, CourseDescription, CourseLeader) AGAINST ('". $search ."') or die('Error'); Print "<table border cellpadding=3>"; while($info = mysql_fetch_array( $data )) { Print "<tr>"; Print "<th>Course Name:</th> <td>".$info['CourseName'] . "</td> "; Print "<th>Course Description:</th><td>".$info['CourseDescription'] . "</td> "; Print "<th>Course Leader:</th><td>".$info['CourseLeader'] . " </td></tr>"; } Print "</table>"; ?> i'm getting the following error: Parse error: syntax error, unexpected T_STRING in /home/a7105766/public_html/website/scripts/coursesearchdb.php on line 30 what am I doing wrong?? cheers

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• Issues with MIPS interrupt for tv remote simulator

  - by pred2040

  Hello I am writing a program for class to simulate a tv remote in a MIPS/SPIM enviroment. The functions of the program itself are unimportant as they worked fine before the interrupt so I left them all out. The gaol is basically to get a input from the keyboard by means of interupt, store it in $s7 and process it. The interrupt is causing my program to repeatedly spam the errors: Exception occurred at PC=0x00400068 Bad address in data/stack read: 0x00000004 Exception occurred at PC=0x00400358 Bad address in data/stack read: 0x00000000 program starts here .data msg_tvworking: .asciiz "tv is working\n" msg_sec: .asciiz "sec -- " msg_on: .asciiz "Power On" msg_off: .asciiz "Power Off" msg_channel: .asciiz " Channel " msg_volume: .asciiz " Volume " msg_sleep: .asciiz " Sleep Timer: " msg_dash: .asciiz "-\n" msg_newline: .asciiz "\n" msg_comma: .asciiz ", " array1: .space 400 # 400 bytes of storage for 100 channels array2: .space 400 # copy of above for sorting var1: .word 0 # 1 if 0-9 is pressed, 0 if not var2: .word 0 # stores number of channel (ex. 2-) var3: .word 0 # channel timer var4: .word 0 # 1 if s pressed once, 2 if twice, 0 if not var5: .word 0 # sleep wait timer var6: .word 0 # program timer var9: .float 0.01 # for channel timings .kdata var7: .word 10 var8: .word 11 .text .globl main main: li $s0, 300 li $s1, 0 # channel li $s2, 50 # volume li $s3, 1 # power - 1:on 0:off li $s4, 0 # sleep timer - 0:off li $s5, 0 # temporary li $s6, 0 # length of sleep period li $s7, 10000 # current key press li $t2, 0 # temp value not needed across calls li $t4, 0 interrupt data here mfc0 $a0, $12 ori $a0, 0xff11 mtc0 $a0, $12 lui $t0, 0xFFFF ori $a0, $0, 2 sw $a0, 0($t0) mainloop: # 1. get external input, and process it # input from interupt is taken from $a2 and placed in $s7 #for processing beq $a2, $0, next lw $s7, 4($a2) li $a2, 0 # call the process_input function here # jal process_input next: # 2. check sleep timer mainloopnext1: # 3. delay for 10ms jal delay_10ms jal check_timers jal channel_time # 4. print status lw $s5, var6 addi $s5, $s5, 1 sw $s5, var6 addi $s0, $s0, -1 bne $s0, $0, mainloopnext4 li $s0, 300 jal status_print mainloopnext4: j mainloop li $v0,10 # exit syscall -------------------------------------------------- status_print: seconds_stat: power_stat: on_stat: off_stat: channel_stat: volume_stat: sleep_stat: j $ra -------------------------------------------------- delay_10ms: li $t0, 6000 delay_10ms_loop: addi $t0, $t0, -1 bne $t0, $0, delay_10ms_loop jr $ra -------------------------------------------------- check_timers: channel_press: sleep_press: go_back_press: channel_check: channel_ignore: sleep_check: sleep_ignore: j $ra ------------------------------------------------ process_input: beq $s7, 112, power beq $s7, 117, channel_up beq $s7, 100, channel_down beq $s7, 108, volume_up beq $s7, 107, volume_down beq $s7, 115, sleep_init beq $s7, 118, history bgt $s7, 47, end_range jr $ra end_range: power: on: off: channel_up: over: channel_down: under: channel_message: channel_time: volume_up: volume_down: volume_message: sleep_init: sleep_incr: sleep: sleep_reset: history: digit_pad_init: digit_pad: jr $ra -------------------------------------------- interupt data here, followed closely from class .ktext 0x80000180 .set noat move $k1, $at .set at sw $v0, var7 sw $a0, var8 mfc0 $k0, $13 srl $a0, $k0, 2 andi $a0, $a0, 0x1f bne $a0, $zero, no_io lui $v0, 0xFFFF lw $a2, 4($v0) # keyboard data placed in $a2 no_io: mtc0 $0, $13 mfc0 $k0, $12 andi $k0, 0xfffd ori $k0, 0x11 mtc0 $k0, $12 lw $v0, var7 lw $a0, var8 .set noat move $at, $k1 .set at eret Thanks in advance.

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• Translate to MIPS

  - by user2334400

  HELP Translate A[i] = B[i-1] + B[i] + B[i+1] to MIPS the address of array A is $s1 the address of array B is $s2 the value of i is $s3 lb $s1,0($s3) # $s1=A[i] lb $s2,0($s3) # $s2=B[i] sb $s2,0($s3) # store s2 add $t0, $zero, $s2 #t0=B[i] addi $s3,$s3,-1 #i=i-1 lb $s2 0($s3) #$s2=B[i-1] add $t1,$zero,$s2 #t1=B[i-1] add $s1,$t0,$t1 #A[i]=B[i-1]+B[i] addi $s3,$s3,2 #i+1 lb $s2,0($s3) #s2=B[i+1] add $t2,$zero,$s2 #t2=B[i+1] add $s1,$s1,$t2 #A[i] = t1 + B[i+1] sb $s1 I know this is kind of mess, but it's the best i can write

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• Compiling Assembly Manually [migrated]

  - by John Smith

  I am having trouble with translating a specific line in assembly to machine code for the Nios II. I have successfully compiled these lines: START_TIMER = 0xF68C r0 = 0x0 r8 = 0x8 label = 50000 addi r8, r8, %lo(label) - 01000 01000 1100001101010000 000100 subi r8, r8, 1 - 01000 01000 1111111111111111 000100 bne r8, r0, START_TIMER - 01000 00000 1111011010001100 011110 The line in question that I have trouble with is this one: orhi r8, r0, %hiadj(label) As explained in the handbook linked above, "%lo" means "Extract bits [15..0] of immed32" and "%hiadj" means "Extract bits [31..16] and adds bit 15 of immed32". However, 50000 in binary is 1100001101010000, and is therefore a 16 bit number. As far as I can see, it doesn't contain any bits between 16 and 31. I tried with 0000000000000001, but it's incorrect. What am I doing wrong?

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• Read from file hexadecimal number and change their representation style

  - by user576844

  I want to write a program changing the notation of all hexadecimal numbers found in an assembly source file from traditional (h) to C-style (0x). I have started the coding part but am not sure how can I detect the hexadecimal numbers and eventually change the style and save it back in the file... I have started writing the program.. ## Mips program - .data fin: .ascii "" # filename for input msg0: .asciiz "aaaa" msg1: .asciiz "Please enter the input file name:" buffer: .asciiz "" .text #----------------------- li $v0, 4 la $a0, msg1 syscall li $v0, 8 la $a0, fin li $a1, 21 syscall jal fileRead #read from file move $s1, $v0 #$t0 = total number of bytes li $t0, 0 # Loop counter loop: bge $t0, $s1, end #if end of file reached OR if there is an error in the file lb $t5, buffer($t0) #load next byte from file jal checkhexa #check for hexadecimal numbers addi $t0, $t0, 1 #increment loop counter j loop end: jal output jal fileClose li $v0, 10 syscall fileRead: # Open file for reading li $v0, 13 # system call for open file la $a0, fin # input file name li $a1, 0 # flag for reading li $a2, 0 # mode is ignored syscall # open a file move $s0, $v0 # save the file descriptor # reading from file just opened li $v0, 14 # system call for reading from file move $a0, $s0 # file descriptor la $a1, buffer # address of buffer from which to read li $a2, 100000 # hardcoded buffer length syscall # read from file jr $ra Any help would be appreciated.

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