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• Altering a Column Which has a Default Constraint

  - by Dinesh Asanka

  Setting up a default column is a common task for  developers.  But, are we naming those default constraints explicitly? In the below  table creation, for the column, sys_DateTime the default value Getdate() will be allocated. CREATE TABLE SampleTable (ID int identity(1,1), Sys_DateTime Datetime DEFAULT getdate() ) We can check the relevant information from the system catalogs from following query. SELECT sc.name TableName, dc.name DefaultName, dc.definition, OBJECT_NAME(dc.parent_object_id) TableName, dc.is_system_named  FROM sys.default_constraints dc INNER JOIN sys.columns sc ON dc.parent_object_id = sc.object_id AND dc.parent_column_id = sc.column_id and results would be: Most of the above columns are self-explanatory. The last column, is_system_named, is to identify whether the default name was given by the system. As you know, in the above case, since we didn’t provide  any default name, the  system will generate a default name for you. But the problem with these names is that they can differ from environment to environment.  If example if I create this table in different table the default name could be DF__SampleTab__Sys_D__7E6CC920 Now let us create another default and explicitly name it: CREATE TABLE SampleTable2 (ID int identity(1,1), Sys_DateTime Datetime )   ALTER TABLE SampleTable2 ADD CONSTRAINT DF_sys_DateTime_Getdate DEFAULT( Getdate()) FOR Sys_DateTime If we run the previous query again we will be returned the below output. And you can see that last created default name has 0 for is_system_named. Now let us say I want to change the data type of the sys_DateTime column to something else: ALTER TABLE SampleTable2 ALTER COLUMN Sys_DateTime Date This will generate the below error: Msg 5074, Level 16, State 1, Line 1 The object ‘DF_sys_DateTime_Getdate’ is dependent on column ‘Sys_DateTime’. Msg 4922, Level 16, State 9, Line 1 ALTER TABLE ALTER COLUMN Sys_DateTime failed because one or more objects access this column. This means, you need to drop the default constraint before altering it: ALTER TABLE [dbo].[SampleTable2] DROP CONSTRAINT [DF_sys_DateTime_Getdate] ALTER TABLE SampleTable2 ALTER COLUMN Sys_DateTime Date   ALTER TABLE [dbo].[SampleTable2] ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_sys_DateTime_Getdate] DEFAULT (getdate()) FOR [Sys_DateTime] If you have a system named default constraint that can differ from environment to environment and so you cannot drop it as before, you can use the below code template: DECLARE @defaultname VARCHAR(255) DECLARE @executesql VARCHAR(1000)   SELECT @defaultname = dc.name FROM sys.default_constraints dc INNER JOIN sys.columns sc ON dc.parent_object_id = sc.object_id AND dc.parent_column_id = sc.column_id WHERE OBJECT_NAME (parent_object_id) = 'SampleTable' AND sc.name ='Sys_DateTime' SET @executesql = 'ALTER TABLE SampleTable DROP CONSTRAINT ' + @defaultname EXEC( @executesql) ALTER TABLE SampleTable ALTER COLUMN Sys_DateTime Date ALTER TABLE [dbo].[SampleTable] ADD DEFAULT (Getdate()) FOR [Sys_DateTime]

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• What problems have you solved using constraint programming?

  - by knorv

  I'd like to know about specific problems you - the SO reader - have solved using constraint programming and what constraint logic language you used. Questions: What problems have you used constraint programming to solve? What constraint logic language did you use? I'm looking for first-hand experiences, so please do not answer unless you have that.

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• T-SQL Unique constraint locked the SQL server

  - by PaN1C_Showt1Me

  HI ! This is my table: CREATE TABLE [ORG].[MyTable]( .. [my_column2] UNIQUEIDENTIFIER NOT NULL CONSTRAINT FK_C1 REFERENCES ORG.MyTable2 (my_column2), [my_column3] INT NOT NULL CONSTRAINT FK_C2 REFERENCES ORG.MyTable3 (my_column3) .. ) I've written this constraint to assure that combination my_column2 and my_column3 is always unique. ALTER TABLE [ORG].[MyTable] ADD CONSTRAINT UQ_MyConstraint UNIQUE NONCLUSTERED ( my_column2, my_column3 ) But then suddenly.. The DB stopped responding.. there is a lock or something.. Do you have any idea why? What is bad with the constraint?

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• Is there a constraint-based scheduling/calendar application?

  - by wonsungi

  Is there a constraint-based scheduling/calendar application? This application would be used to coordinate multiple people's schedules. Two basic use cases: Multiple people need to schedule a time to meet together. Everyone is busy at different days/times. Each person enters blocks of days/times they cannot meet, and the application suggests the best times to meet given a desired time range. Multiple people need to use some common resources for a specific length of time (over some time span like a week), but the exact date/time does not matter. These people enter the resources and time needed, and the application suggests the best way to share these resources. This use case still accounts for people's blocks of busy time. I imagine this program would be graphical, but other interfaces would be acceptable. Also preferable if web-based/works on both PC's and Mac's, but PC-only/Mac-only solutions are acceptable.

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• T-SQL Tuesday #025 – CHECK Constraint Tricks

  - by Most Valuable Yak (Rob Volk)

  Allen White (blog | twitter), marathoner, SQL Server MVP and presenter, and all-around awesome author is hosting this month's T-SQL Tuesday on sharing SQL Server Tips and Tricks.  And for those of you who have attended my Revenge: The SQL presentation, you know that I have 1 or 2 of them.  You'll also know that I don't recommend using anything I talk about in a production system, and will continue that advice here…although you might be sorely tempted.  Suffice it to say I'm not using these examples myself, but I think they're worth sharing anyway. Some of you have seen or read about SQL Server constraints and have applied them to your table designs…unless you're a vendor ;)…and may even use CHECK constraints to limit numeric values, or length of strings, allowable characters and such.  CHECK constraints can, however, do more than that, and can even provide enhanced security and other restrictions. One tip or trick that I didn't cover very well in the presentation is using constraints to do unusual things; specifically, limiting or preventing inserts into tables.  The idea was to use a CHECK constraint in a way that didn't depend on the actual data: -- create a table that cannot accept data CREATE TABLE dbo.JustTryIt(a BIT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, CONSTRAINT chk_no_insert CHECK (GETDATE()=GETDATE()+1)) INSERT dbo.JustTryIt VALUES(1)   I'll let you run that yourself, but I'm sure you'll see that this is a pretty stupid table to have, since the CHECK condition will always be false, and therefore will prevent any data from ever being inserted.  I can't remember why I used this example but it was for some vague and esoteric purpose that applies to about, maybe, zero people.  I come up with a lot of examples like that. However, if you realize that these CHECKs are not limited to column references, and if you explore the SQL Server function list, you could come up with a few that might be useful.  I'll let the names describe what they do instead of explaining them all: CREATE TABLE NoSA(a int not null, CONSTRAINT CHK_No_sa CHECK (SUSER_SNAME()<>'sa')) CREATE TABLE NoSysAdmin(a int not null, CONSTRAINT CHK_No_sysadmin CHECK (IS_SRVROLEMEMBER('sysadmin')=0)) CREATE TABLE NoAdHoc(a int not null, CONSTRAINT CHK_No_AdHoc CHECK (OBJECT_NAME(@@PROCID) IS NOT NULL)) CREATE TABLE NoAdHoc2(a int not null, CONSTRAINT CHK_No_AdHoc2 CHECK (@@NESTLEVEL>0)) CREATE TABLE NoCursors(a int not null, CONSTRAINT CHK_No_Cursors CHECK (@@CURSOR_ROWS=0)) CREATE TABLE ANSI_PADDING_ON(a int not null, CONSTRAINT CHK_ANSI_PADDING_ON CHECK (@@OPTIONS & 16=16)) CREATE TABLE TimeOfDay(a int not null, CONSTRAINT CHK_TimeOfDay CHECK (DATEPART(hour,GETDATE()) BETWEEN 0 AND 1)) GO -- log in as sa or a sysadmin server role member, and try this: INSERT NoSA VALUES(1) INSERT NoSysAdmin VALUES(1) -- note the difference when using sa vs. non-sa -- then try it again with a non-sysadmin login -- see if this works: INSERT NoAdHoc VALUES(1) INSERT NoAdHoc2 VALUES(1) GO -- then try this: CREATE PROCEDURE NotAdHoc @val1 int, @val2 int AS SET NOCOUNT ON; INSERT NoAdHoc VALUES(@val1) INSERT NoAdHoc2 VALUES(@val2) GO EXEC NotAdHoc 2,2 -- which values got inserted? SELECT * FROM NoAdHoc SELECT * FROM NoAdHoc2   -- and this one just makes me happy :) INSERT NoCursors VALUES(1) DECLARE curs CURSOR FOR SELECT 1 OPEN curs INSERT NoCursors VALUES(2) CLOSE curs DEALLOCATE curs INSERT NoCursors VALUES(3) SELECT * FROM NoCursors   I'll leave the ANSI_PADDING_ON and TimeOfDay tables for you to test on your own, I think you get the idea.  (Also take a look at the NoCursors example, notice anything interesting?)  The real eye-opener, for me anyway, is the ability to limit bad coding practices like cursors, ad-hoc SQL, and sa use/abuse by using declarative SQL objects.  I'm sure you can see how and why this would come up when discussing Revenge: The SQL.;) And the best part IMHO is that these work on pretty much any version of SQL Server, without needing Policy Based Management, DDL/login triggers, or similar tools to enforce best practices. All seriousness aside, I highly recommend that you spend some time letting your mind go wild with the possibilities and see how far you can take things.  There are no rules! (Hmmmm, what can I do with rules?) #TSQL2sDay

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• What can I do about a SQL Server ghost FK constraint?

  - by rcook8601

  I'm having some trouble with a SQL Server 2005 database that seems like it's keeping a ghost constraint around. I've got a script that drops the constraint in question, does some work, and then re-adds the same constraint. Normally, it works fine. Now, however, it can't re-add the constraint because the database says that it already exists, even though the drop worked fine! Here are the queries I'm working with: alter table individual drop constraint INDIVIDUAL_EMP_FK ALTER TABLE INDIVIDUAL ADD CONSTRAINT INDIVIDUAL_EMP_FK FOREIGN KEY (EMPLOYEE_ID) REFERENCES EMPLOYEE After the constraint is dropped, I've made sure that the object really is gone by using the following queries: select object_id('INDIVIDUAL_EMP_FK') select * from sys.foreign_keys where name like 'individual%' Both return no results (or null), but when I try to add the query again, I get: The ALTER TABLE statement conflicted with the FOREIGN KEY constraint "INDIVIDUAL_EMP_FK". Trying to drop it gets me a message that it doesn't exist. Any ideas?

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• SQL Server script commands to check if object exists and drop it

  - by deadlydog

  Over the past couple years I’ve been keeping track of common SQL Server script commands that I use so I don’t have to constantly Google them.  Most of them are how to check if a SQL object exists before dropping it.  I thought others might find these useful to have them all in one place, so here you go: 1: --=============================== 2: -- Create a new table and add keys and constraints 3: --=============================== 4: IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'TableName' AND TABLE_SCHEMA='dbo') 5: BEGIN 6: CREATE TABLE [dbo].[TableName] 7: ( 8: [ColumnName1] INT NOT NULL, -- To have a field auto-increment add IDENTITY(1,1) 9: [ColumnName2] INT NULL, 10: [ColumnName3] VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL DEFAULT('') 11: ) 12: 13: -- Add the table's primary key 14: ALTER TABLE [dbo].[TableName] ADD CONSTRAINT [PK_TableName] PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED 15: ( 16: [ColumnName1], 17: [ColumnName2] 18: ) 19: 20: -- Add a foreign key constraint 21: ALTER TABLE [dbo].[TableName] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_Name] FOREIGN KEY 22: ( 23: [ColumnName1], 24: [ColumnName2] 25: ) 26: REFERENCES [dbo].[Table2Name] 27: ( 28: [OtherColumnName1], 29: [OtherColumnName2] 30: ) 31: 32: -- Add indexes on columns that are often used for retrieval 33: CREATE INDEX IN_ColumnNames ON [dbo].[TableName] 34: ( 35: [ColumnName2], 36: [ColumnName3] 37: ) 38: 39: -- Add a check constraint 40: ALTER TABLE [dbo].[TableName] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [CH_Name] CHECK (([ColumnName] >= 0.0000)) 41: END 42: 43: --=============================== 44: -- Add a new column to an existing table 45: --=============================== 46: IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS where TABLE_SCHEMA='dbo' 47: AND TABLE_NAME = 'TableName' AND COLUMN_NAME = 'ColumnName') 48: BEGIN 49: ALTER TABLE [dbo].[TableName] ADD [ColumnName] INT NOT NULL DEFAULT(0) 50: 51: -- Add a description extended property to the column to specify what its purpose is. 52: EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', 53: @value = N'Add column comments here, describing what this column is for.' , 54: @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE', 55: @level1name = N'TableName', @level2type=N'COLUMN', 56: @level2name = N'ColumnName' 57: END 58: 59: --=============================== 60: -- Drop a table 61: --=============================== 62: IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'TableName' AND TABLE_SCHEMA='dbo') 63: BEGIN 64: DROP TABLE [dbo].[TableName] 65: END 66: 67: --=============================== 68: -- Drop a view 69: --=============================== 70: IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.VIEWS WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'ViewName' AND TABLE_SCHEMA='dbo') 71: BEGIN 72: DROP VIEW [dbo].[ViewName] 73: END 74: 75: --=============================== 76: -- Drop a column 77: --=============================== 78: IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS where TABLE_SCHEMA='dbo' 79: AND TABLE_NAME = 'TableName' AND COLUMN_NAME = 'ColumnName') 80: BEGIN 81: 82: -- If the column has an extended property, drop it first. 83: IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.fn_listExtendedProperty(N'MS_Description', N'SCHEMA', N'dbo', N'Table', 84: N'TableName', N'COLUMN', N'ColumnName') 85: BEGIN 86: EXEC sys.sp_dropextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', 87: @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE', 88: @level1name = N'TableName', @level2type=N'COLUMN', 89: @level2name = N'ColumnName' 90: END 91: 92: ALTER TABLE [dbo].[TableName] DROP COLUMN [ColumnName] 93: END 94: 95: --=============================== 96: -- Drop Primary key constraint 97: --=============================== 98: IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS WHERE CONSTRAINT_TYPE='PRIMARY KEY' AND TABLE_SCHEMA='dbo' 99: AND TABLE_NAME = 'TableName' AND CONSTRAINT_NAME = 'PK_Name') 100: BEGIN 101: ALTER TABLE [dbo].[TableName] DROP CONSTRAINT [PK_Name] 102: END 103: 104: --=============================== 105: -- Drop Foreign key constraint 106: --=============================== 107: IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS WHERE CONSTRAINT_TYPE='FOREIGN KEY' AND TABLE_SCHEMA='dbo' 108: AND TABLE_NAME = 'TableName' AND CONSTRAINT_NAME = 'FK_Name') 109: BEGIN 110: ALTER TABLE [dbo].[TableName] DROP CONSTRAINT [FK_Name] 111: END 112: 113: --=============================== 114: -- Drop Unique key constraint 115: --=============================== 116: IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS WHERE CONSTRAINT_TYPE='UNIQUE' AND TABLE_SCHEMA='dbo' 117: AND TABLE_NAME = 'TableName' AND CONSTRAINT_NAME = 'UNI_Name') 118: BEGIN 119: ALTER TABLE [dbo].[TableNames] DROP CONSTRAINT [UNI_Name] 120: END 121: 122: --=============================== 123: -- Drop Check constraint 124: --=============================== 125: IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS WHERE CONSTRAINT_TYPE='CHECK' AND TABLE_SCHEMA='dbo' 126: AND TABLE_NAME = 'TableName' AND CONSTRAINT_NAME = 'CH_Name') 127: BEGIN 128: ALTER TABLE [dbo].[TableName] DROP CONSTRAINT [CH_Name] 129: END 130: 131: --=============================== 132: -- Drop a column's Default value constraint 133: --=============================== 134: DECLARE @ConstraintName VARCHAR(100) 135: SET @ConstraintName = (SELECT TOP 1 s.name FROM sys.sysobjects s JOIN sys.syscolumns c ON s.parent_obj=c.id 136: WHERE s.xtype='d' AND c.cdefault=s.id 137: AND parent_obj = OBJECT_ID('TableName') AND c.name ='ColumnName') 138: 139: IF @ConstraintName IS NOT NULL 140: BEGIN 141: EXEC ('ALTER TABLE [dbo].[TableName] DROP CONSTRAINT ' + @ConstraintName) 142: END 143: 144: --=============================== 145: -- Example of how to drop dynamically named Unique constraint 146: --=============================== 147: DECLARE @ConstraintName VARCHAR(100) 148: SET @ConstraintName = (SELECT TOP 1 CONSTRAINT_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS 149: WHERE CONSTRAINT_TYPE='UNIQUE' AND TABLE_SCHEMA='dbo' 150: AND TABLE_NAME = 'TableName' AND CONSTRAINT_NAME LIKE 'FirstPartOfConstraintName%') 151: 152: IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS WHERE CONSTRAINT_TYPE='UNIQUE' AND TABLE_SCHEMA='dbo' 153: AND TABLE_NAME = 'TableName' AND CONSTRAINT_NAME = @ConstraintName) 154: BEGIN 155: EXEC ('ALTER TABLE [dbo].[TableName] DROP CONSTRAINT ' + @ConstraintName) 156: END 157: 158: --=============================== 159: -- Check for and drop a temp table 160: --=============================== 161: IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#TableName') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE #TableName 162: 163: --=============================== 164: -- Drop a stored procedure 165: --=============================== 166: IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ROUTINES WHERE ROUTINE_TYPE='PROCEDURE' AND ROUTINE_SCHEMA='dbo' AND 167: ROUTINE_NAME = 'StoredProcedureName') 168: BEGIN 169: DROP PROCEDURE [dbo].[StoredProcedureName] 170: END 171: 172: --=============================== 173: -- Drop a UDF 174: --=============================== 175: IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ROUTINES WHERE ROUTINE_TYPE='FUNCTION' AND ROUTINE_SCHEMA='dbo' AND 176: ROUTINE_NAME = 'UDFName') 177: BEGIN 178: DROP FUNCTION [dbo].[UDFName] 179: END 180: 181: --=============================== 182: -- Drop an Index 183: --=============================== 184: IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM SYS.INDEXES WHERE name = 'IndexName') 185: BEGIN 186: DROP INDEX TableName.IndexName 187: END 188: 189: --=============================== 190: -- Drop a Schema 191: --=============================== 192: IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA WHERE SCHEMA_NAME = 'SchemaName') 193: BEGIN 194: EXEC('DROP SCHEMA SchemaName') 195: END And here’s the same code, just not in the little code view window so that you don’t have to scroll it.--=============================== -- Create a new table and add keys and constraints --=============================== IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'TableName' AND TABLE_SCHEMA='dbo') BEGIN CREATE TABLE [dbo].[TableName]  ( [ColumnName1] INT NOT NULL, -- To have a field auto-increment add IDENTITY(1,1) [ColumnName2] INT NULL, [ColumnName3] VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL DEFAULT('') ) -- Add the table's primary key ALTER TABLE [dbo].[TableName] ADD CONSTRAINT [PK_TableName] PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED ( [ColumnName1],  [ColumnName2] ) -- Add a foreign key constraint ALTER TABLE [dbo].[TableName] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_Name] FOREIGN KEY ( [ColumnName1],  [ColumnName2] ) REFERENCES [dbo].[Table2Name]  ( [OtherColumnName1],  [OtherColumnName2] ) -- Add indexes on columns that are often used for retrieval CREATE INDEX IN_ColumnNames ON [dbo].[TableName] ( [ColumnName2], [ColumnName3] ) -- Add a check constraint ALTER TABLE [dbo].[TableName] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [CH_Name] CHECK (([ColumnName] >= 0.0000)) END --=============================== -- Add a new column to an existing table --=============================== IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS where TABLE_SCHEMA='dbo' AND TABLE_NAME = 'TableName' AND COLUMN_NAME = 'ColumnName') BEGIN ALTER TABLE [dbo].[TableName] ADD [ColumnName] INT NOT NULL DEFAULT(0) -- Add a description extended property to the column to specify what its purpose is. EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description',  @value = N'Add column comments here, describing what this column is for.' ,  @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE', @level1name = N'TableName', @level2type=N'COLUMN', @level2name = N'ColumnName' END --=============================== -- Drop a table --=============================== IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'TableName' AND TABLE_SCHEMA='dbo') BEGIN DROP TABLE [dbo].[TableName] END --=============================== -- Drop a view --=============================== IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.VIEWS WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'ViewName' AND TABLE_SCHEMA='dbo') BEGIN DROP VIEW [dbo].[ViewName] END --=============================== -- Drop a column --=============================== IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS where TABLE_SCHEMA='dbo' AND TABLE_NAME = 'TableName' AND COLUMN_NAME = 'ColumnName') BEGIN -- If the column has an extended property, drop it first. IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.fn_listExtendedProperty(N'MS_Description', N'SCHEMA', N'dbo', N'Table', N'TableName', N'COLUMN', N'ColumnName') BEGIN EXEC sys.sp_dropextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description',  @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE', @level1name = N'TableName', @level2type=N'COLUMN', @level2name = N'ColumnName' END ALTER TABLE [dbo].[TableName] DROP COLUMN [ColumnName] END --=============================== -- Drop Primary key constraint --=============================== IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS WHERE CONSTRAINT_TYPE='PRIMARY KEY' AND TABLE_SCHEMA='dbo' AND TABLE_NAME = 'TableName' AND CONSTRAINT_NAME = 'PK_Name') BEGIN ALTER TABLE [dbo].[TableName] DROP CONSTRAINT [PK_Name] END --=============================== -- Drop Foreign key constraint --=============================== IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS WHERE CONSTRAINT_TYPE='FOREIGN KEY' AND TABLE_SCHEMA='dbo' AND TABLE_NAME = 'TableName' AND CONSTRAINT_NAME = 'FK_Name') BEGIN ALTER TABLE [dbo].[TableName] DROP CONSTRAINT [FK_Name] END --=============================== -- Drop Unique key constraint --=============================== IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS WHERE CONSTRAINT_TYPE='UNIQUE' AND TABLE_SCHEMA='dbo' AND TABLE_NAME = 'TableName' AND CONSTRAINT_NAME = 'UNI_Name') BEGIN ALTER TABLE [dbo].[TableNames] DROP CONSTRAINT [UNI_Name] END --=============================== -- Drop Check constraint --=============================== IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS WHERE CONSTRAINT_TYPE='CHECK' AND TABLE_SCHEMA='dbo' AND TABLE_NAME = 'TableName' AND CONSTRAINT_NAME = 'CH_Name') BEGIN ALTER TABLE [dbo].[TableName] DROP CONSTRAINT [CH_Name] END --=============================== -- Drop a column's Default value constraint --=============================== DECLARE @ConstraintName VARCHAR(100) SET @ConstraintName = (SELECT TOP 1 s.name FROM sys.sysobjects s JOIN sys.syscolumns c ON s.parent_obj=c.id WHERE s.xtype='d' AND c.cdefault=s.id  AND parent_obj = OBJECT_ID('TableName') AND c.name ='ColumnName') IF @ConstraintName IS NOT NULL BEGIN EXEC ('ALTER TABLE [dbo].[TableName] DROP CONSTRAINT ' + @ConstraintName) END --=============================== -- Example of how to drop dynamically named Unique constraint --=============================== DECLARE @ConstraintName VARCHAR(100) SET @ConstraintName = (SELECT TOP 1 CONSTRAINT_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS  WHERE CONSTRAINT_TYPE='UNIQUE' AND TABLE_SCHEMA='dbo' AND TABLE_NAME = 'TableName' AND CONSTRAINT_NAME LIKE 'FirstPartOfConstraintName%') IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS WHERE CONSTRAINT_TYPE='UNIQUE' AND TABLE_SCHEMA='dbo' AND TABLE_NAME = 'TableName' AND CONSTRAINT_NAME = @ConstraintName) BEGIN EXEC ('ALTER TABLE [dbo].[TableName] DROP CONSTRAINT ' + @ConstraintName) END --=============================== -- Check for and drop a temp table --=============================== IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#TableName') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE #TableName --=============================== -- Drop a stored procedure --=============================== IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ROUTINES WHERE ROUTINE_TYPE='PROCEDURE' AND ROUTINE_SCHEMA='dbo' AND ROUTINE_NAME = 'StoredProcedureName') BEGIN DROP PROCEDURE [dbo].[StoredProcedureName] END --=============================== -- Drop a UDF --=============================== IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ROUTINES WHERE ROUTINE_TYPE='FUNCTION' AND ROUTINE_SCHEMA='dbo' AND  ROUTINE_NAME = 'UDFName') BEGIN DROP FUNCTION [dbo].[UDFName] END --=============================== -- Drop an Index --=============================== IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM SYS.INDEXES WHERE name = 'IndexName') BEGIN DROP INDEX TableName.IndexName END --=============================== -- Drop a Schema --=============================== IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA WHERE SCHEMA_NAME = 'SchemaName') BEGIN EXEC('DROP SCHEMA SchemaName') END

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• Oracle manually add an FK constraint

  - by Oxymoron

  Alright, since a client wants to automate a certain process, which includes creating a new key structure in a LIVE database, I need to create relations between tables.columns. Now I've found the tables ALL_CONS_COLS en USER_CONSTRAINTS to hold information about constraints. If I were to manually create constraints, by inserting into these tables, I should be able to recreate the original constraints. My question: are there any more tables I should look into? Do you have an alternate suggestions, as this sounds VERY dirty and error prone to begin with. Current modus operandi: Create a new column in each table for the PK; Generate a guid for this PK; Create a new column in each table for the FKs; Fetch the guid associated with the FK; ....... done sofar...... Add new constraint based on the old one; Remove old constraint; Rename new columns; This is kind of dodgy and I'd rather change my method, any ideas would be helpful. To put it different, client wants to change key structure from int to guid on a live database. What's the best way to approach this

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• violation of primary key constraint .Cannot insert duplicate key in object using ADO

  - by CREFLY

  Hi All we are working on a users apllication using Access2003(VBA) as software language and SQL Server 2005 as database. We are using ADO method and we encounter a problem. when users create new record in a ADO Screen and they want to save the record after implementing it they receive this error : error -2147217873 violation of primary key constraint 'PK_ '.Cannot insert duplicate key in object 'Pk_...' Any help will be appreciated Thanks in advance

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• Linq To Sql - SQL Default Constraint Problem

  - by Ahmet Altun

  I have a USER table in database. The table has a RegistrationDate column which has a default constraint as GETDATE(). When using LINQ, I don't provide any data for RegistrationDate column to make it default. But SQL Server raises error. I think LINQ tries to insert NULL into the column. How can I make LINQ not to try to insert in the column RegistrationDate, because it has default value?

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• How can I find the columns of a disabled index constraint?

  - by thecoop

  For a normal index constraint, you can find the columns it is on by querying the all_ind_columns sysview using the index name in all_constraints. But if the constraint is disabled, no index exists, and there doesn't seem to be anywhere else that has constraint column information. How can I get the columns of a disabled index constraint from the data dictionary (without re-enabling the constraint)?

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• SQL Server unique constraint problem

  - by b0x0rz

  How to create a unique constraint on a varchar(max) field in visual studio, visually. the problem is when i try it: manage indexes and keys add columns I can only chose the bigint columns, but not any of the varchar(max) ones. Do I maybe have to use check constraints? If yes, what to put in the expression? Thnx for the info

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• Setting unique key constraint for Db4oEmbedded EmbeddedConfiguration

  - by Viet

  Hi, I want to set unique key constraint for Db4oEmbedded EmbeddedConfiguration. Here goes my code: EmbeddedConfiguration myConf = Db4oEmbedded.newConfiguration(); myConf.common().objectClass(NotyUser.class).objectField("username").indexed(true); myConf.common().add(new com.db4o.constraints.UniqueFieldValueConstraint(NotyUser.class, "username")); The last line throws exception. I don't know why. I'm running Android SDK 1.5 and db4o 7.12 for Java. Please kindly advise. Thanks!

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• Catching constraint violations in JPA 2.0.

  - by Dennetik

  Consider the following entity class, used with, for example, EclipseLink 2.0.2 - where the link attribute is not the primary key, but unique nontheless. @Entity public class Profile { @Id private Long id; @Column(unique = true) private String link; // Some more attributes and getter and setter methods } When I insert records with a duplicate value for the link attribute, EclipseLink does not throw a EntityExistsException, but throws a DatabaseException, with the message explaining that the unique constraint was violated. This doesn't seem very usefull, as there would not be a simple, database independent, way to catch this exception. What would be the advised way to deal with this? A few things that I have considered are: Checking the error code on the DatabaseException - I fear that this error code, though, is the native error code for the database; Checking the existence of a Profile with the specific value for link beforehand - this obviously would result in an enormous amount of superfluous queries.

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• PHP MySQL INSERT fails due to unique constraint

  - by sjw

  On insert I am catching the unique constraint mysql_errno() 1062. This works fine but I want to find the existing row to re-instate or modify it. Is there are method to obtain the row id on insert fail? I tried mysql_insert_id() but realised that would only return the row I'm inserting (or failed to insert) therefore, I get 0. Is there no option but to issue another mysql_query and simply perform a select on the duplicate value? I just want to make sure there is no better, quicker, more economical way to do this.

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• SQL Server 2005: When copy table structure to other database "CONSTRAINT" keywords lost

  - by StreamT

  Snippet of original table: CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Batch]( [CustomerDepositMade] [money] NOT NULL CONSTRAINT [DF_Batch_CustomerDepositMade] DEFAULT (0) Snippet of copied table: CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Batch]( [CustomerDepositMade] [money] NOT NULL, Code for copy database: Server server = new Server(SourceSQLServer); Database database = server.Databases[SourceDatabase]; Transfer transfer = new Transfer(database); transfer.CopyAllObjects = true; transfer.CopySchema = true; transfer.CopyData = false; transfer.DropDestinationObjectsFirst = true; transfer.DestinationServer = DestinationSQLServer; transfer.CreateTargetDatabase = true; Database ddatabase = new Database(server, DestinationDatabase); ddatabase.Create(); transfer.DestinationDatabase = DestinationDatabase; transfer.Options.IncludeIfNotExists = true; transfer.TransferData();

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• Unique constraint not created in JPA

  - by homaxto

  I have created the following entity bean, and specified two columns as being unique. Now my problem is that the table is created without the unique constraint, and no errors in the log. Does anyone have an idea? @Entity @Table(name = "cm_blockList", uniqueConstraints = @UniqueConstraint(columnNames = {"terminal", "blockType"})) public class BlockList { @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO) private int id; @ManyToOne(cascade = CascadeType.PERSIST) @JoinColumn(name="terminal") private Terminal terminal; @Enumerated(EnumType.STRING) private BlockType blockType; private String regEx; }

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• Unique constraint on more than 10 columns

  - by tk

  I have a time-series simulation model which has more than 10 input variables. The number of distinct simulation instances would be more than 1 million, and each simulation instance generates a few output rows every day. To save the simulation result in a relational database, i designed tables like this. Table SimulationModel { simul_id : integer (primary key), input0 : string or numeric, input1 : string or numeric, ...} Table SimulationOutput { dt : DateTime (primary key), simul_id : integer (primary key), output0 : numeric, ...} My question is, is it fine to put an unique constraint on all of the input columns of SimulationModel table? If it is not a good idea, then what kind of other options do i have to make sure each model is unique?

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• Microsoft Solver Foundation constraint

  - by emaster70

  Hello, I'm trying to use Microsoft Solver Foundation 2 to solve a fairly complicated situation, however I'm stuck with an UnsupportedModelException even when I dumb down the model as much as possible. Does anyone have an idea of what I'm doing wrong? Following is the least example required to reproduce the problematic behavior. var ctx = SolverContext.GetContext(); var model = ctx.CreateModel(); var someConstant = 1337.0; var decisionA = new Decision(Domain.Real, "decisionA"); var decisionB = new Decision(Domain.Real, "decisionB"); var decisionC = new Decision(Domain.Real, "decisionC"); model.AddConstraint("ca", decisionA <= someConstant); model.AddConstraint("cb", decisionB <= someConstant); model.AddConstraint("cc", decisionC <= someConstant); model.AddConstraint("mainConstraint", Model.Equal(Model.Sum(decisionA, decisionB, decisionC), someConstant)) model.AddGoal("myComplicatedGoal", GoalKind.Minimize, decisionC); var solution = ctx.Solve(); solution.GetReport().WriteTo(Console.Out); Console.ReadKey(); Please consider that my actual model should include, once complete, a few constraints in the form of a*a+b*a <= someValue, so if what I'm willing to do ultimately isn't supported, please let me know in advance. If that's the case I'd also appreciate a suggestion of some other solver with a .NET friendly interface that I could use (only well-known commercial packages, please). Thanks in advance

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• How to enforce this constraint in sql server

  - by Jeremy

  I have a table called city, and a table called city_city. city_city correlates two city records, so it has a fromcity_id and a tocity_id. I can enforce uniqueness on fromcity_id and and tocity_id through a unique key, but how do I enforce uniqueness so that I cant insert a record if fromcity_id and tocity_id are reversed. For example, the following records are conceptually the same: id fromcity_id tocity_id 1 100 200 2 200 100

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• Constraint Validation

  - by tanuja

  I am using javax.validation.Validator and relevant classes for annotation based validation. Configuration<?> configuration = Validation.byDefaultProvider().configure(); ValidatorFactory factory = configuration.buildValidatorFactory(); Validator validator = factory.getValidator(); Set<ConstraintViolation<ValidatableObject>> constraintViolations = validator.validate(o); for (ConstraintViolation<ValidatableObject> value : constraintViolations) { List< Class< ? extends ConstraintValidator< ? extends Annotation,?>>> list = value.getConstraintDescriptor().getConstraintValidatorClasses(); } I get a compilation error stating: Type mismatch: cannot convert from List< Class< ? extends ConstraintValidator< capture#4-of ?,? to List< Class< ? extends ConstraintValidator< ? extends Annotation,? What am I missing?

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• T-SQL foreign key check constraint

  - by PaN1C_Showt1Me

  When you create a foreign key constraint in a table and you create the script in MS SQL Management Studio, it looks like this. ALTER TABLE T1 WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT FK_T1 FOREIGN KEY(project_id) REFERENCES T2 (project_id) GO ALTER TABLE T1 CHECK CONSTRAINT FK_T1 GO What I don't understand is what purpose has the second alter with check constraint. Isn't creating the FK constraint enough? Do you have to add the check constraint to assure reference integrity ? Another question: how would it look like then when you'd write it directly in the column definition? CREATE TABLE T1 ( my_column INT NOT NULL CONSTRAINT FK_T1 REFERENCES T2(my_column) ) Isn't this enough?

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• Constraint-based expert systems design and development [on hold]

  - by Alex B.

  I would appreciate some recommendations & resources on design and development of expert systems, in particular, knowledge-based & constraint-based (not recommendation) systems. Ideally, your answers should consider the perspective (context) of using a SaaS business model and open source rules engine. How would you advise to address performance, scalability and other architectural criteria? Any other considerations on undertaking such project will be appreciated. Thanks much in advance!

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• SQL Constraints &ndash; CHECK and NOCHECK

  - by David Turner

  One performance issue i faced at a recent project was with the way that our constraints were being managed, we were using Subsonic as our ORM, and it has a useful tool for generating your ORM code called SubStage – once configured, you can regenerate your DAL code easily based on your database schema, and it can even be integrated into your build as a pre-build event if you want to do this.  SubStage also offers the useful feature of being able to generate DDL scripts for your entire database, and can script your data for you too. The problem came when we decided to use the generate scripts feature to migrate the database onto a test database instance – it turns out that the DDL scripts that it generates include the WITH NOCHECK option, so when we executed them on the test instance, and performed some testing, we found that performance wasn’t as expected. A constraint can be disabled, enabled but not trusted, or enabled and trusted.  When it is disabled, data can be inserted that violates the constraint because it is not being enforced, this is useful for bulk load scenarios where performance is important.  So what does it mean to say that a constraint is trusted or not trusted?  Well this refers to the SQL Server Query Optimizer, and whether it trusts that the constraint is valid.  If it trusts the constraint then it doesn’t check it is valid when executing a query, so the query can be executed much faster. Here is an example base in this article on TechNet, here we create two tables with a Foreign Key constraint between them, and add a single row to each.  We then query the tables: 1 DROP TABLE t2 2 DROP TABLE t1 3 GO 4 5 CREATE TABLE t1(col1 int NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY) 6 CREATE TABLE t2(col1 int NOT NULL) 7 8 ALTER TABLE t2 WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT fk_t2_t1 FOREIGN KEY(col1) 9 REFERENCES t1(col1) 10 11 INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1) 12 INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(1) 13 GO14 15 SELECT COUNT(*) FROM t2 16 WHERE EXISTS17 (SELECT *18 FROM t1 19 WHERE t1.col1 = t2.col1) This all works fine, and in this scenario the constraint is enabled and trusted.  We can verify this by executing the following SQL to query the ‘is_disabled’ and ‘is_not_trusted’ properties: 1 select name, is_disabled, is_not_trusted from sys.foreign_keys This gives the following result: We can disable the constraint using this SQL: 1 alter table t2 NOCHECK CONSTRAINT fk_t2_t1 And when we query the constraints again, we see that the constraint is disabled and not trusted: So the constraint won’t be enforced and we can insert data into the table t2 that doesn’t match the data in t1, but we don’t want to do this, so we can enable the constraint again using this SQL: 1 alter table t2 CHECK CONSTRAINT fk_t2_t1 But when we query the constraints again, we see that the constraint is enabled, but it is still not trusted: This means that the optimizer will check the constraint each time a query is executed over it, which will impact the performance of the query, and this is definitely not what we want, so we need to make the constraint trusted by the optimizer again.  First we should check that our constraints haven’t been violated, which we can do by running DBCC: 1 DBCC CHECKCONSTRAINTS (t2) Hopefully you see the following message indicating that DBCC completed without finding any violations of your constraint: Having verified that the constraint was not violated while it was disabled, we can simply execute the following SQL:   1 alter table t2 WITH CHECK CHECK CONSTRAINT fk_t2_t1 At first glance this looks like it must be a typo to have the keyword CHECK repeated twice in succession, but it is the correct syntax and when we query the constraints properties, we find that it is now trusted again: To fix our specific problem, we created a script that checked all constraints on our tables, using the following syntax: 1 ALTER TABLE t2 WITH CHECK CHECK CONSTRAINT ALL

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• Performance Tune IBM DB2 z/OS Applications using Resource Constraint Analysis

  For the DB2 for z/OS professional the two most common systems tuning scenarios are tuning a DB2 data sharing group or tuning a series of application SQL statements. The data sharing group environment can involve multiple hardware installations and many other cross-system features and functions such as coupling facilities and management policies. Resource constraint analysis is a useful tool in both situations.

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