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• Xcode newb -- #include can't find my file

  - by morgancodes

  I'm trying to get a third party audio library (STK) working inside Xcode. Along with the standard .h files, many of the implementation files include a file called SKINI.msg. SKINI.msg is in the same directory as all of the header files. The header files are getting included fine, but the compiler complains that it can't find SKINI.msg. What do I need to do to get Xcode to happily include SKINI.msg? Edit: Here's the contents of SKINI.msg: /*********************************************************/ /* Definition of SKINI Message Types and Special Symbols Synthesis toolKit Instrument Network Interface These symbols should have the form: \c __SK_<name>_ where <name> is the string used in the SKINI stream. by Perry R. Cook, 1995 - 2010. */ /*********************************************************/ namespace stk { #define NOPE -32767 #define YEP 1 #define SK_DBL -32766 #define SK_INT -32765 #define SK_STR -32764 #define __SK_Exit_ 999 /***** MIDI COMPATIBLE MESSAGES *****/ /*** (Status bytes for channel=0) ***/ #define __SK_NoteOff_ 128 #define __SK_NoteOn_ 144 #define __SK_PolyPressure_ 160 #define __SK_ControlChange_ 176 #define __SK_ProgramChange_ 192 #define __SK_AfterTouch_ 208 #define __SK_ChannelPressure_ __SK_AfterTouch_ #define __SK_PitchWheel_ 224 #define __SK_PitchBend_ __SK_PitchWheel_ #define __SK_PitchChange_ 49 #define __SK_Clock_ 248 #define __SK_SongStart_ 250 #define __SK_Continue_ 251 #define __SK_SongStop_ 252 #define __SK_ActiveSensing_ 254 #define __SK_SystemReset_ 255 #define __SK_Volume_ 7 #define __SK_ModWheel_ 1 #define __SK_Modulation_ __SK_ModWheel_ #define __SK_Breath_ 2 #define __SK_FootControl_ 4 #define __SK_Portamento_ 65 #define __SK_Balance_ 8 #define __SK_Pan_ 10 #define __SK_Sustain_ 64 #define __SK_Damper_ __SK_Sustain_ #define __SK_Expression_ 11 #define __SK_AfterTouch_Cont_ 128 #define __SK_ModFrequency_ __SK_Expression_ #define __SK_ProphesyRibbon_ 16 #define __SK_ProphesyWheelUp_ 2 #define __SK_ProphesyWheelDown_ 3 #define __SK_ProphesyPedal_ 18 #define __SK_ProphesyKnob1_ 21 #define __SK_ProphesyKnob2_ 22 /*** Instrument Family Specific ***/ #define __SK_NoiseLevel_ __SK_FootControl_ #define __SK_PickPosition_ __SK_FootControl_ #define __SK_StringDamping_ __SK_Expression_ #define __SK_StringDetune_ __SK_ModWheel_ #define __SK_BodySize_ __SK_Breath_ #define __SK_BowPressure_ __SK_Breath_ #define __SK_BowPosition_ __SK_PickPosition_ #define __SK_BowBeta_ __SK_BowPosition_ #define __SK_ReedStiffness_ __SK_Breath_ #define __SK_ReedRestPos_ __SK_FootControl_ #define __SK_FluteEmbouchure_ __SK_Breath_ #define __SK_JetDelay_ __SK_FluteEmbouchure_ #define __SK_LipTension_ __SK_Breath_ #define __SK_SlideLength_ __SK_FootControl_ #define __SK_StrikePosition_ __SK_PickPosition_ #define __SK_StickHardness_ __SK_Breath_ #define __SK_TrillDepth_ 1051 #define __SK_TrillSpeed_ 1052 #define __SK_StrumSpeed_ __SK_TrillSpeed_ #define __SK_RollSpeed_ __SK_TrillSpeed_ #define __SK_FilterQ_ __SK_Breath_ #define __SK_FilterFreq_ 1062 #define __SK_FilterSweepRate_ __SK_FootControl_ #define __SK_ShakerInst_ 1071 #define __SK_ShakerEnergy_ __SK_Breath_ #define __SK_ShakerDamping_ __SK_ModFrequency_ #define __SK_ShakerNumObjects_ __SK_FootControl_ #define __SK_Strumming_ 1090 #define __SK_NotStrumming_ 1091 #define __SK_Trilling_ 1092 #define __SK_NotTrilling_ 1093 #define __SK_Rolling_ __SK_Strumming_ #define __SK_NotRolling_ __SK_NotStrumming_ #define __SK_PlayerSkill_ 2001 #define __SK_Chord_ 2002 #define __SK_ChordOff_ 2003 #define __SK_SINGER_FilePath_ 3000 #define __SK_SINGER_Frequency_ 3001 #define __SK_SINGER_NoteName_ 3002 #define __SK_SINGER_Shape_ 3003 #define __SK_SINGER_Glot_ 3004 #define __SK_SINGER_VoicedUnVoiced_ 3005 #define __SK_SINGER_Synthesize_ 3006 #define __SK_SINGER_Silence_ 3007 #define __SK_SINGER_VibratoAmt_ __SK_ModWheel_ #define __SK_SINGER_RndVibAmt_ 3008 #define __SK_SINGER_VibFreq_ __SK_Expression_ } // stk namespace And here's what the compiler said: CompileC build/StkCompile.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/StkCompile.build/Objects-normal/i386/BandedWG.o "../../../Data/study/iPhone class/stk-4.4.2/src/BandedWG.cpp" normal i386 c++ com.apple.compilers.gcc.4_2 cd /Users/morganpackard/Desktop/trashme/StkCompile setenv LANG en_US.US-ASCII setenv PATH "/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/usr/bin:/Developer/usr/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin" /Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/usr/bin/gcc-4.2 -x c++ -arch i386 -fmessage-length=0 -pipe -Wno-trigraphs -fpascal-strings -fasm-blocks -O0 -Wreturn-type -Wunused-variable -D__IPHONE_OS_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED=30000 -isysroot /Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator3.1.2.sdk -fvisibility=hidden -fvisibility-inlines-hidden -mmacosx-version-min=10.5 -gdwarf-2 -iquote /Users/morganpackard/Desktop/trashme/StkCompile/build/StkCompile.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/StkCompile.build/StkCompile-generated-files.hmap -I/Users/morganpackard/Desktop/trashme/StkCompile/build/StkCompile.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/StkCompile.build/StkCompile-own-target-headers.hmap -I/Users/morganpackard/Desktop/trashme/StkCompile/build/StkCompile.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/StkCompile.build/StkCompile-all-target-headers.hmap -iquote /Users/morganpackard/Desktop/trashme/StkCompile/build/StkCompile.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/StkCompile.build/StkCompile-project-headers.hmap -F/Users/morganpackard/Desktop/trashme/StkCompile/build/Debug-iphonesimulator -I/Users/morganpackard/Desktop/trashme/StkCompile/build/Debug-iphonesimulator/include -I/Users/morganpackard/Desktop/trashme/StkCompile/build/StkCompile.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/StkCompile.build/DerivedSources/i386 -I/Users/morganpackard/Desktop/trashme/StkCompile/build/StkCompile.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/StkCompile.build/DerivedSources -include /var/folders/dx/dxSUSyOJFv0MBEh9qC1oJ++++TI/-Caches-/com.apple.Xcode.501/SharedPrecompiledHeaders/StkCompile_Prefix-bopqzvwpuyqltrdumgtjtfrjvtzb/StkCompile_Prefix.pch -c "/Users/morganpackard/Desktop/trashme/StkCompile/../../../Data/study/iPhone class/stk-4.4.2/src/BandedWG.cpp" -o /Users/morganpackard/Desktop/trashme/StkCompile/build/StkCompile.build/Debug-iphonesimulator/StkCompile.build/Objects-normal/i386/BandedWG.o /Users/morganpackard/Desktop/trashme/StkCompile/../../../Data/study/iPhone class/stk-4.4.2/src/BandedWG.cpp:33:21: error: SKINI.msg: No such file or directory /Users/morganpackard/Desktop/trashme/StkCompile/../../../Data/study/iPhone class/stk-4.4.2/src/BandedWG.cpp: In member function 'virtual void stk::BandedWG::controlChange(int, stk::StkFloat)': /Users/morganpackard/Desktop/trashme/StkCompile/../../../Data/study/iPhone class/stk-4.4.2/src/BandedWG.cpp:326: error: '__SK_BowPressure_' was not declared in this scope /Users/morganpackard/Desktop/trashme/StkCompile/../../../Data/study/iPhone class/stk-4.4.2/src/BandedWG.cpp:342: error: '__SK_AfterTouch_Cont_' was not declared in this scope /Users/morganpackard/Desktop/trashme/StkCompile/../../../Data/study/iPhone class/stk-4.4.2/src/BandedWG.cpp:349: error: '__SK_ModWheel_' was not declared in this scope /Users/morganpackard/Desktop/trashme/StkCompile/../../../Data/study/iPhone class/stk-4.4.2/src/BandedWG.cpp:357: error: '__SK_ModFrequency_' was not declared in this scope /Users/morganpackard/Desktop/trashme/StkCompile/../../../Data/study/iPhone class/stk-4.4.2/src/BandedWG.cpp:359: error: '__SK_Sustain_' was not declared in this scope /Users/morganpackard/Desktop/trashme/StkCompile/../../../Data/study/iPhone class/stk-4.4.2/src/BandedWG.cpp:363: error: '__SK_Portamento_' was not declared in this scope /Users/morganpackard/Desktop/trashme/StkCompile/../../../Data/study/iPhone class/stk-4.4.2/src/BandedWG.cpp:367: error: '__SK_ProphesyRibbon_' was not declared in this scope

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• Creating a dynamic proxy generator with c# – Part 4 – Calling the base method

  - by SeanMcAlinden

  Creating a dynamic proxy generator with c# – Part 1 – Creating the Assembly builder, Module builder and caching mechanism Creating a dynamic proxy generator with c# – Part 2 – Interceptor Design Creating a dynamic proxy generator with c# – Part 3 – Creating the constructors   The plan for calling the base methods from the proxy is to create a private method for each overridden proxy method, this will allow the proxy to use a delegate to simply invoke the private method when required. Quite a few helper classes have been created to make this possible so as usual I would suggest download or viewing the code at http://rapidioc.codeplex.com/. In this post I’m just going to cover the main points for when creating methods. Getting the methods to override The first two notable methods are for getting the methods. private static MethodInfo[] GetMethodsToOverride<TBase>() where TBase : class {     return typeof(TBase).GetMethods().Where(x =>         !methodsToIgnore.Contains(x.Name) &&                              (x.Attributes & MethodAttributes.Final) == 0)         .ToArray(); } private static StringCollection GetMethodsToIgnore() {     return new StringCollection()     {         "ToString",         "GetHashCode",         "Equals",         "GetType"     }; } The GetMethodsToIgnore method string collection contains an array of methods that I don’t want to override. In the GetMethodsToOverride method, you’ll notice a binary AND which is basically saying not to include any methods marked final i.e. not virtual. Creating the MethodInfo for calling the base method This method should hopefully be fairly easy to follow, it’s only function is to create a MethodInfo which points to the correct base method, and with the correct parameters. private static MethodInfo CreateCallBaseMethodInfo<TBase>(MethodInfo method) where TBase : class {     Type[] baseMethodParameterTypes = ParameterHelper.GetParameterTypes(method, method.GetParameters());       return typeof(TBase).GetMethod(        method.Name,        BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic,        null,        baseMethodParameterTypes,        null     ); }   /// <summary> /// Get the parameter types. /// </summary> /// <param name="method">The method.</param> /// <param name="parameters">The parameters.</param> public static Type[] GetParameterTypes(MethodInfo method, ParameterInfo[] parameters) {     Type[] parameterTypesList = Type.EmptyTypes;       if (parameters.Length > 0)     {         parameterTypesList = CreateParametersList(parameters);     }     return parameterTypesList; }   Creating the new private methods for calling the base method The following method outline how I’ve created the private methods for calling the base class method. private static MethodBuilder CreateCallBaseMethodBuilder(TypeBuilder typeBuilder, MethodInfo method) {     string callBaseSuffix = "GetBaseMethod";       if (method.IsGenericMethod || method.IsGenericMethodDefinition)     {                         return MethodHelper.SetUpGenericMethod             (                 typeBuilder,                 method,                 method.Name + callBaseSuffix,                 MethodAttributes.Private | MethodAttributes.HideBySig             );     }     else     {         return MethodHelper.SetupNonGenericMethod             (                 typeBuilder,                 method,                 method.Name + callBaseSuffix,                 MethodAttributes.Private | MethodAttributes.HideBySig             );     } } The CreateCallBaseMethodBuilder is the entry point method for creating the call base method. I’ve added a suffix to the base classes method name to keep it unique. Non Generic Methods Creating a non generic method is fairly simple public static MethodBuilder SetupNonGenericMethod(     TypeBuilder typeBuilder,     MethodInfo method,     string methodName,     MethodAttributes methodAttributes) {     ParameterInfo[] parameters = method.GetParameters();       Type[] parameterTypes = ParameterHelper.GetParameterTypes(method, parameters);       Type returnType = method.ReturnType;       MethodBuilder methodBuilder = CreateMethodBuilder         (             typeBuilder,             method,             methodName,             methodAttributes,             parameterTypes,             returnType         );       ParameterHelper.SetUpParameters(parameterTypes, parameters, methodBuilder);       return methodBuilder; }   private static MethodBuilder CreateMethodBuilder (     TypeBuilder typeBuilder,     MethodInfo method,     string methodName,     MethodAttributes methodAttributes,     Type[] parameterTypes,     Type returnType ) { MethodBuilder methodBuilder = typeBuilder.DefineMethod(methodName, methodAttributes, returnType, parameterTypes); return methodBuilder; } As you can see, you simply have to declare a method builder, get the parameter types, and set the method attributes you want.   Generic Methods Creating generic methods takes a little bit more work. /// <summary> /// Sets up generic method. /// </summary> /// <param name="typeBuilder">The type builder.</param> /// <param name="method">The method.</param> /// <param name="methodName">Name of the method.</param> /// <param name="methodAttributes">The method attributes.</param> public static MethodBuilder SetUpGenericMethod     (         TypeBuilder typeBuilder,         MethodInfo method,         string methodName,         MethodAttributes methodAttributes     ) {     ParameterInfo[] parameters = method.GetParameters();       Type[] parameterTypes = ParameterHelper.GetParameterTypes(method, parameters);       MethodBuilder methodBuilder = typeBuilder.DefineMethod(methodName,         methodAttributes);       Type[] genericArguments = method.GetGenericArguments();       GenericTypeParameterBuilder[] genericTypeParameters =         GetGenericTypeParameters(methodBuilder, genericArguments);       ParameterHelper.SetUpParameterConstraints(parameterTypes, genericTypeParameters);       SetUpReturnType(method, methodBuilder, genericTypeParameters);       if (method.IsGenericMethod)     {         methodBuilder.MakeGenericMethod(genericArguments);     }       ParameterHelper.SetUpParameters(parameterTypes, parameters, methodBuilder);       return methodBuilder; }   private static GenericTypeParameterBuilder[] GetGenericTypeParameters     (         MethodBuilder methodBuilder,         Type[] genericArguments     ) {     return methodBuilder.DefineGenericParameters(GenericsHelper.GetArgumentNames(genericArguments)); }   private static void SetUpReturnType(MethodInfo method, MethodBuilder methodBuilder, GenericTypeParameterBuilder[] genericTypeParameters) {     if (method.IsGenericMethodDefinition)     {         SetUpGenericDefinitionReturnType(method, methodBuilder, genericTypeParameters);     }     else     {         methodBuilder.SetReturnType(method.ReturnType);     } }   private static void SetUpGenericDefinitionReturnType(MethodInfo method, MethodBuilder methodBuilder, GenericTypeParameterBuilder[] genericTypeParameters) {     if (method.ReturnType == null)     {         methodBuilder.SetReturnType(typeof(void));     }     else if (method.ReturnType.IsGenericType)     {         methodBuilder.SetReturnType(genericTypeParameters.Where             (x => x.Name == method.ReturnType.Name).First());     }     else     {         methodBuilder.SetReturnType(method.ReturnType);     }             } Ok, there are a few helper methods missing, basically there is way to much code to put in this post, take a look at the code at http://rapidioc.codeplex.com/ to follow it through completely. Basically though, when dealing with generics there is extra work to do in terms of getting the generic argument types setting up any generic parameter constraints setting up the return type setting up the method as a generic All of the information is easy to get via reflection from the MethodInfo.   Emitting the new private method Emitting the new private method is relatively simple as it’s only function is calling the base method and returning a result if the return type is not void. ILGenerator il = privateMethodBuilder.GetILGenerator();   EmitCallBaseMethod(method, callBaseMethod, il);   private static void EmitCallBaseMethod(MethodInfo method, MethodInfo callBaseMethod, ILGenerator il) {     int privateParameterCount = method.GetParameters().Length;       il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);       if (privateParameterCount > 0)     {         for (int arg = 0; arg < privateParameterCount; arg++)         {             il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_S, arg + 1);         }     }       il.Emit(OpCodes.Call, callBaseMethod);       il.Emit(OpCodes.Ret); } So in the main method building method, an ILGenerator is created from the method builder. The ILGenerator performs the following actions: Load the class (this) onto the stack using the hidden argument Ldarg_0. Create an argument on the stack for each of the method parameters (starting at 1 because 0 is the hidden argument) Call the base method using the Opcodes.Call code and the MethodInfo we created earlier. Call return on the method   Conclusion Now we have the private methods prepared for calling the base method, we have reached the last of the relatively easy part of the proxy building. Hopefully, it hasn’t been too hard to follow so far, there is a lot of code so I haven’t been able to post it all so please check it out at http://rapidioc.codeplex.com/. The next section should be up fairly soon, it’s going to cover creating the delegates for calling the private methods created in this post.   Kind Regards, Sean.

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• a macro question for c language (#define)

  - by Daniel

  I am reading source code of hoard memory allocator, and in the file of gnuwrapper.cpp, there are the following code #define CUSTOM_MALLOC(x) CUSTOM_PREFIX(malloc)(x) What's the meaning of CUSTOM_PREFIX(malloc)(x)? is CUSTOM_PREFIX a function? But as a function it didn't defined anywhere. If it's variable, then how can we use variable like var(malloc)(x)? more code: #ifndef __GNUC__ #error "This file requires the GNU compiler." #endif #include <string.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <malloc.h> #ifndef CUSTOM_PREFIX ==> here looks like it's a variable, so if it doesn't define, then define here. #define CUSTOM_PREFIX #endif #define CUSTOM_MALLOC(x) CUSTOM_PREFIX(malloc)(x) ===> what's the meaning of this? #define CUSTOM_FREE(x) CUSTOM_PREFIX(free)(x) #define CUSTOM_REALLOC(x,y) CUSTOM_PREFIX(realloc)(x,y) #define CUSTOM_MEMALIGN(x,y) CUSTOM_PREFIX(memalign)(x,y)

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• what's the point of method overloading?

  - by David

  I am following a textbook in which I have just come across method overloading. It briefly described method overloading as: when the same method name is used with different parameters its called method overloading. From what I've learned so far in OOP is that if I want different behaviors from an object via methods, I should use different method names that best indicate the behavior, so why should I bother with method overloading in the first place?

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• Scheme define/lambda shorthand

  - by incrediman

  In Scheme, how can I make use of the define/lambda shorthand for nested lambda expressions within my define? For example given the following procedure... (define add (lambda (num1 num2) (+ num1 num2))) One can shorten it to this: (define (add num1 num2) (+ num1 num2)) However, how can I shorten the following function similarly ? (define makeOperator (lambda (operator) (lambda (num1 num2) (operator num1 num2)))) ;example useage - equivalent to (* 3 4): ((makeOperator *) 3 4)

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• c++ macros question

  - by rabidmachine9

  can somebody explain the following code please? #if 1 // loop type #define FOR_IS_FASTER 1 #define WHILE_IS_FASTER 0 // indexing type #define PREINCREMENT_IS_FASTER 1 #define POSTINCREMENT_IS_FASTER 0 #else // loop type #define FOR_IS_FASTER 1 #define WHILE_IS_FASTER 0 // indexing type #define PREINCREMENT_IS_FASTER 0 #define POSTINCREMENT_IS_FASTER 1 #endif #if PREINCREMENT_IS_FASTER #define ZXP(z) (*++(z)) #define ZX(z) (*(z)) #define PZ(z) (++(z)) #define ZP(z) (z) #define ZOFF (1) #elif POSTINCREMENT_IS_FASTER #define ZXP(z) (*(z)++) #define ZX(z) (*(z)) #define PZ(z) (z) #define ZP(z) ((z)++) #define ZOFF (0) #endif I can understand what the functions are doing but for example how does the pre-processor choose which ZXP will be execute if we call it later? What the 1 and 0 stand for? thanks in advance

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• Limit scope of #define

  - by Ujjwal Singh

  What is the correct strategy to limit the scope of #define and avoid unwarrented token collisions. In the following configuration: Main.c # include "Utility_1.h" # include "Utility_2.h" VOID Utility() // Was written without knowing of: Utility_1 & Utility_2 { const UINT ZERO = 0; } VOID Main() { ... } // Collision; for Line:5 Compiler does not indicate what replaced Utility_1.h # define ZERO "Zero" # define ONE "One" BOOL Utility_1(); Utility_2.h # define ZERO '0' # define ONE '1' BOOL Utility_2(); Utility_2.c # include "Utility_2.h" BOOL Utility_2() { // Using: ZERO & ONE } //Collision: Character Literal replaced with String {Edit} Note: This is supposed to be a generic quesition so do not limit yourself to enum or other defined types. i.e. What to do when: I MUST USE #define Please comment on my proposed solution below.. _

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• How to set a define inside other define

  - by João Madureira Pires

  Hi all! I'm developing a web application in jboss, seam, richfaces. I'm using a template(xhtml) as master page of all others and there i set two insert tags. <ui:insert name="head"/> <ui:insert name="body"/> The problem is that in pages that use this master page as template, the <ui:define name="head">...</ui:define> must be defined inside the <ui:define name="body">...</ui:define>. How can i do this? Basically, what i want is to do the following: <ui:define name="body">... <ui:define name="head"> <meta name="title" content="#{something.title}" /> </ui:define> ...</ui:define> the master page must return : <meta name="title" content="#{something.title}" /> on the <ui:insert name="head"/> Thanks in advance

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• Need help for this syntax: "#define LEDs (char *) 0x0003010"

  - by Noge

  I'm doing programming of a softcore processor, Nios II from Altera, below is the code in one of the tutorial, I manage to get the code working by testing it on the hardware (DE2 board), however, I could not understand the code. #define Switches (volatile char *) 0x0003000 #define LEDs (char *) 0x0003010 void main() { while (1) *LEDs = *Switches; } What I know about #define is that, it is either used to define a constant, or a macro, but why in the above code, there are casting like, (char *) 0x0003010, in #define? why the 2 constants, Switches and LEDs act like a variable instead of a constant? Thanks in advance !

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• C Preprocessor: #define in C... advice

  - by vikramtheone

  Hi Guys, I'm making a big C project and I have never come across a situation like this before so, I need your advice. What is your opinion? Is it okay to have the constants defined within conditional preprocessors like I have done below or you advise me to do this some other way? Any drawbacks if I do it this way? Regards Vikram #define NUM_OCTAVES_4 //#define NUM_OCTAVES_5 #ifdef NUM_OCTAVES_4 #define OCTAVES 4 const unsigned char borders [4] = {11, 26, 50, 98}; #elif NUM_OCTAVES_5 #define OCTAVES 5 const unsigned char borders [5] = {11, 26, 50, 98, 194}; #endif

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• #define and how to use them - C++

  - by ML

  Hi All, in a pre-compiled header if I do: #define DS_BUILD #define PGE_BUILD #define DEMO then in source I do: #if (DS_BUILD && DEMO) ---- code--- #elif (PGE_BUILD && DEMO) --- code--- #else --- code --- #endif Do I get an error that states: error: operator '&&' has no right operand I have never seen this before. I am using XCode 3.2, GCC 4.2 on OS X 10.6.3

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• constructor function's object literal returns toString() method but no other method

  - by JohnMerlino

  I'm very confused with javascript methods defined in objects and the "this" keyword. In the below example, the toString() method is invoked when Mammal object instantiated: function Mammal(name){ this.name=name; this.toString = function(){ return '[Mammal "'+this.name+'"]'; } } var someAnimal = new Mammal('Mr. Biggles'); alert('someAnimal is '+someAnimal); Despite the fact that the toString() method is not invoked on the object someAnimal like this: alert('someAnimal is '+someAnimal.toString()); It still returns 'someAnimal is [Mammal "Mr. Biggles"]' . That doesn't make sense to me because the toString() function is not being called anywhere. Then to add even more confusion, if I change the toString() method to a method I make up such as random(): function Mammal(name){ this.name=name; this.random = function(){ return Math.floor(Math.random() * 15); } } var someAnimal = new Mammal('Mr. Biggles'); alert(someAnimal); It completely ignores the random method (despite the fact that it is defined the same way was the toString() method was) and returns: [object object] Another issue I'm having trouble understanding with inheritance is the value of "this". For example, in the below example function person(w,h){ width.width = w; width.height = h; } function man(w,h,s) { person.call(this, w, h); this.sex = s; } "this" keyword is being send to the person object clearly. However, does "this" refer to the subclass (man) or the super class (person) when the person object receives it? Thanks for clearing up any of the confusion I have with inheritance and object literals in javascript.

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• Method chaining and exceptions in C#

  - by devoured elysium

  If I have a method chain like the following: var abc = new ABC(); abc.method1() .method2() .methodThrowsException() .method3() ; assuming I've defined method1(), method2() and method3() as public ABC method1() { return this; } and methodThrowsException() as public ABC method3() { throw new ArgumentException(); } When running the code, is it possible to know which specific line of code has thrown the Exception, or will it just consider all the method chaining as just one line? I've done a simple test and it seems it considers them all as just one line but Method Chaining says Putting methods on separate lines also makes debugging easier as error messages and debugger control is usually on a line by line basis. Am I missing something, or does that just not apply to C#? Thanks

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• alias_attribute and creating and method with the original attribute name causes a loop

  - by Tiago

  Im trying to dynamically create a method chain in one attribute in my model. By now I have this function: def create_filtered_attribute(attribute_name) alias_attribute "#{attribute_name}_without_filter", attribute_name define_method "#{attribute_name}" do filter_words(self.send("#{attribute_name}_without_filter")) end end so I receive a string with the attribute name, alias it for '*_without_filter*' (alias_method or alias_method_chain fails here, because the attribute isnt there when the class is created), and I create a new method with the attribute name, where I filter its contents. But somehow, when I call *"#{attribute_name}_without_filter"* it calls my new method (i think because the alias_attribute some how), and the program goes into a stack loop. Can someone please enlighten me on this.

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• Should I define a single "DataContext" and pass references to it around or define muliple "DataConte

  - by Nate Bross

  I have a Silverlight application that consists of a MainWindow and several classes which update and draw images on the MainWindow. I'm now expanding this to keep track of everything in a database. Without going into specifics, lets say I have a structure like this: MainWindow Drawing-Surface Class1 -- Supports Drawing DataContext + DataServiceCollection<T> w/events Class2 -- Manages "transactions" (add/delete objects from drawing) Class3 Each "Class" is passed a reference to the Drawing Surface so they can interact with it independently. I'm starting to use WCF Data Services in Class1 and its working well; however, the other classes are also going to need access to the WCF Data Services. (Should I define my "DataContext" in MainWindow and pass a reference to each child class?) Class1 will need READ access to the "transactions" data, and Class2 will need READ access to some of the drawing data. So my question is, where does it make the most sense to define my DataContext? Does it make sense to: Define a "global" WCF Data Service "Context" object and pass references to that in all of my subsequent classes? Define an instance of the "Context" for each Class1, Class2, etc Have each method that requires access to data define its own instance of the "Context" and use closures handle the async load/complete events? Would a structure like this make more sense? Is there any danger in keeping an active "DataContext" open for an extended period of time? Typical usecase of this application could range from 1 minute to 40+ minutes. MainWindow Drawing-Surface DataContext Class1 -- Supports Drawing DataServiceCollection<DrawingType> w/events Class2 -- Manages "transactions" (add/delete objects from drawing) DataServiceCollection<TransactionType> w/events Class3 DataServiceCollection<T> w/events

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• How to define an Integer bean in Struts 1.x

  - by ian_scho_es

  Hi. How do you instantiate an Integer bean, assigning a value, in the Struts 1.x framework? <bean:define id="index" type="java.lang.Integer" value="0"/> or <bean:define id="index" type="java.lang.Integer" value="${0}"/> Results in a: java.lang.ClassCastException: java.lang.String <bean:define id="index" type="java.lang.Integer" value="<%=0%>"/> Results in: The method setValue(String) in the type DefineTag is not applicable for the arguments (int) <% java.lang.Integer index = new java.lang.Integer(0); %> Works, but makes my eyes bleed. Note that I had to refactor iterating over a list but am now applying a filter within the iteration. This was the cleanest solution of all! <logic:equal name="aplicacion" property="generico" value="false" indexId="index"> Maybe I need to go about this completely differently. Many thanks.

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• for loop in #define

  - by hspim

  #include <stdio.h> #define UNITS {'*', '#', '%', '!', '+', '$', '=', '-'} #define PrintDigit(c, d) (for (i=0; i < c ; i++)putchar(unit[d]);) char unit[] = UNITS; //void PrintDigit(c, element) { // int i; // for (i=0; i < c ; i++) // putchar(unit[element]); //} int main( ) { int i, element=4; PrintDigit(10, element); putchar('\n'); return 0; } I have the function here PrintDigit() which works as expected. When attempting to turn the function into a #define however gcc keeps throwing a syntax error on the for loop. Any idea what the problem is?

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• how this scaling down for css code is worked?

  - by harris

  this is a code for scaling down for css. i was wondering, how this worked. please someone explain to me part by part. thank you very much. /* ======================================================================== / / Copyright (C) 2000 - 2009 ND-Tech. Co., Ltd. / / All Rights Reserved. / / ======================================================================== / / Project : ScaleDown Created : 31-AUG-2009 / / File : main.c Contact : [email protected] / / ======================================================================== / / You are free to use or modify this code to the following restrictions: / / Acknowledge ND Tech. Co. Ltd. / / Or, put "Parts of code by ND Tech. Co., Ltd." / / Or, leave this header as it is. / / in somewhere in your code. / / ======================================================================== */ include "vm3224k.h" define CE0CTL *(volatile int *)(0x01800008) define CE2CTL *(volatile int *)(0x01800010) define SDCTL *(volatile int *)(0x01800018) define LED *(volatile short *)(0x90080000) // Definitions for async access(change as you wish) define WSU (2<<28) // Write Setup : 0-15 define WST (8<<22) // Write Strobe: 0-63 define WHD (2<<20) // Write Hold : 0-3 define RSU (2<<16) // Read Setup : 0-15 define TA (3<<14) // Turn Around : 0-3 define RST (8<<8) // Read Strobe : 0-63 define RHD (2<<0) // Read Hold : 0-3 define MTYPE (2<<4) /* EDMA Registers */ define PaRAM_OPT 0 // Options define PaRAM_SRC 1 // Source Address define PaRAM_CNT 2 // Frame count, Element count define PaRAM_DST 3 // Destination Address define PaRAM_IDX 4 // Frame index, Element index define PaRAM_RDL 5 // Element count reload, Link address define EDMA_CIPR *(volatile int *)0x01A0FFE4 // EDMA Channel interrupt pending low register define EDMA_CIER *(volatile int *)0x01A0FFE8 // EDMA Channel interrupt enable low register define EDMA_CCER *(volatile int *)0x01A0FFEC // EDMA Channel chain enable register define EDMA_ER *(volatile int *)0x01A0FFF0 // EDMA Event low register define EDMA_EER *(volatile int *)0x01A0FFF4 // EDMA Event enable low register define EDMA_ECR *(volatile int *)0x01A0FFF8 // EDMA Event clear low register define EDMA_ESR *(volatile int *)0x01A0FFFC // EDMA Event set low register define PRI (2<<29) // 1:High priority, 2:Low priority define ESIZE (1<<27) // 0:32bit, 1:16bit, 2:8bit, 3:reserved define DS2 (0<<26) // 1:2-Dimensional define SUM (0<<24) // 0:no update, 1:increment, 2:decrement, 3:by index define DD2 (0<<23) // 1:2-Dimensional define DUM (0<<21) // 0:no update, 1:increment, 2:decrement, 3:by index define TCINT (1<<20) // 0:disable, 1:enable define TCC (8<<16) // 4 bit code define LINK (0<<1) // 0:disable, 1:enable define FS (1<<0) // 0:element, 1:frame define OptionField_0 (PRI|ESIZE|DS2|SUM|DD2|DUM|TCINT|TCC|LINK|FS) define DD2_1 (1<<23) // 1:2-Dimensional define DUM_1 (1<<21) // 0:no update, 1:increment, 2:decrement, 3:by index define TCC_1 (9<<16) // 4 bit code define OptionField_1 (PRI|ESIZE|DS2|SUM|DD2_1|DUM_1|TCINT|TCC_1|LINK|FS) define TCC_2 (10<<16)// 4 bit code define OptionField_2 (PRI|ESIZE|DS2|SUM|DD2|DUM|TCINT|TCC_2|LINK|FS) define DS2_3 (1<<26) // 1:2-Dimensional define SUM_3 (1<<24) // 0:no update, 1:increment, 2:decrement, 3:by index define TCC_3 (11<<16)// 4 bit code define OptionField_3 (PRI|ESIZE|DS2_3|SUM_3|DD2|DUM|TCINT|TCC_3|LINK|FS) pragma DATA_SECTION ( lcd,".sdram" ) pragma DATA_SECTION ( cam,".sdram" ) pragma DATA_SECTION ( rgb,".sdram" ) pragma DATA_SECTION ( u,".sdram" ) extern cregister volatile unsigned int IER; extern cregister volatile unsigned int CSR; short camcode = 0x08000; short lcdcode = 0x00000; short lcd[2][240][320]; short cam[2][240][320]; short rgb[64][32][32]; short bufsel; int *Cevent,*Levent,*CLink,flag=1; unsigned char v[240][160],out_y[120][160]; unsigned char y[240][320],out_u[120][80]; unsigned char u[240][160],out_v[120][80]; void PLL6713() { int i; // CPU Clock Input : 50MHz *(volatile int *)(0x01b7c100) = *(volatile int *)(0x01b7c100) & 0xfffffffe; for(i=0;i<4;i++); *(volatile int *)(0x01b7c100) = *(volatile int *)(0x01b7c100) | 0x08; *(volatile int *)(0x01b7c114) = 0x08001; // 50MHz/2 = 25MHz *(volatile int *)(0x01b7c110) = 0x0c; // 25MHz * 12 = 300MHz *(volatile int *)(0x01b7c118) = 0x08000; // SYSCLK1 = 300MHz/1 = 300MHz *(volatile int *)(0x01b7c11c) = 0x08001; // SYSCLK2 = 300MHz/2 = 150MHz // Peripheral Clock *(volatile int *)(0x01b7c120) = 0x08003; // SYSCLK3 = 300MHz/4 = 75MHz // SDRAM Clock for(i=0;i<4;i++); *(volatile int *)(0x01b7c100) = *(volatile int *)(0x01b7c100) & 0xfffffff7; for(i=0;i<4;i++); *(volatile int *)(0x01b7c100) = *(volatile int *)(0x01b7c100) | 0x01; } unsigned short ybr_565(short y,short u,short v) { int r,g,b; b = y + 1772*(u-128)/1000; if (b<0) b=0; if (b>255) b=255; g = y - (344*(u-128) + 714*(v-128))/1000; if (g<0) g=0; if (g>255) g=255; r = y + 1402*(v-128)/1000; if (r<0) r=0; if (r>255) r=255; return ((r&0x0f8)<<8)|((g&0x0fc)<<3)|((b&0x0f8)>>3); } void yuyv2yuv(char *yuyv,char *y,char *u,char *v) { int i,j,dy,dy1,dy2,s; for (j=s=dy=dy1=dy2=0;j<240;j++) { for (i=0;i<320;i+=2) { u[dy1++] = yuyv[s++]; y[dy++] = yuyv[s++]; v[dy2++] = yuyv[s++]; y[dy++] = yuyv[s++]; } } } interrupt void c_int06(void) { if(EDMA_CIPR&0x800){ EDMA_CIPR = 0xffff; bufsel=(++bufsel&0x01); Cevent[PaRAM_DST] = (int)cam[(bufsel+1)&0x01]; Levent[PaRAM_SRC] = (int)lcd[(bufsel+1)&0x01]; EDMA_ESR = 0x80; flag=1; } } void main() { int i,j,k,y0,y1,v0,u0; bufsel = 0; CSR &= (~0x1); PLL6713(); // Initialize C6713 PLL CE0CTL = 0xffffbf33;// SDRAM Space CE2CTL = (WSU|WST|WHD|RSU|RST|RHD|MTYPE); SDCTL = 0x57115000; vm3224init(); // Initialize vm3224k2 vm3224rate(1); // Set frame rate vm3224bl(15); // Set backlight VM3224CNTL = VM3224CNTL&0xffff | 0x2; // vm3224 interrupt enable for (k=0;k<64;k++) // Create RGB565 lookup table for (i=0;i<32;i++) for (j=0;j<32;j++) rgb[k][i][j] = ybr_565(k<<2,i<<3,j<<3); Cevent = (int *)(0x01a00000 + 24 * 7); Cevent[PaRAM_OPT] = OptionField_0; Cevent[PaRAM_SRC] = (int)&camcode; Cevent[PaRAM_CNT] = 1; Cevent[PaRAM_DST] = (int)&VM3224ADDH; Cevent = (int *)(0x01a00000 + 24 * 8); Cevent[PaRAM_OPT] = OptionField_1; Cevent[PaRAM_SRC] = (int)&VM3224DATA; Cevent[PaRAM_CNT] = (239<<16)|320; Cevent[PaRAM_DST] = (int)cam[bufsel]; Cevent[PaRAM_IDX] = 0; Levent = (int *)(0x01a00000 + 24 * 9); Levent[PaRAM_OPT] = OptionField_2; Levent[PaRAM_SRC] = (int)&lcdcode; Levent[PaRAM_CNT] = 1; Levent[PaRAM_DST] = (int)&VM3224ADDH; Levent = (int *)(0x01a00000 + 24 * 10); Levent[PaRAM_OPT] = OptionField_3; Levent[PaRAM_SRC] = (int)lcd[bufsel]; Levent[PaRAM_CNT] = (239<<16)|320; Levent[PaRAM_DST] = (int)&VM3224DATA; Levent[PaRAM_IDX] = 0; IER = IER | (1<<6)|3; CSR = CSR | 0x1; EDMA_CCER = (1<<8)|(1<<9)|(1<<10); EDMA_CIER = (1<<11); EDMA_CIPR = 0xffff; EDMA_ESR = 0x80; while (1) { if(flag) { // LED = 0; yuyv2yuv((char *)cam[bufsel],(char *)y,(char *)u,(char *)v); for(j=0;j<240;j++) for(i=0;i<320;i++) lcd[bufsel][j][i]=0; for(j=0;j<240;j+=2) for(i=0;i<320;i+=2) out_y[j>>1][i>>1]=(y[j][i]+y[j][i+1]+y[j+1][i]+y[j+1][i+1])>>2; for(j=0;j<240;j+=2) for(i=0;i<160;i+=2) { out_u[j>>1][i>>1]=(u[j][i]+u[j][i+1]+u[j+1][i]+u[j+1][i+1])>>2; out_v[j>>1][i>>1]=(v[j][i]+v[j][i+1]+v[j+1][i]+v[j+1][i+1])>>2; } for (j=0;j<120;j++) for (i=0;i<160;i+=2) { y0 = out_y[j][i]>>2; u0 = out_u[j][i>>1]>>3; v0 = out_v[j][i>>1]>>3; y1 = out_y[j][i+1]>>2; lcd[bufsel][j+60][i+80]=rgb[y0][u0][v0]; lcd[bufsel][j+60][i+81]=rgb[y1][u0][v0]; } flag=0; // LED = 1; } } }

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• Understanding a #define directive

  - by Meta

  Looking at the Windows SDK, I found this #define directive for MAKEINTRESOURCEW: #define MAKEINTRESOURCEW(i) ((LPWSTR)((ULONG_PTR)((WORD)(i)))) Can someone explain to me what the heck that means? For example, what would be the value of MAKEINTRESOURCEW(0)? (1)? (-1)?

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• value of c define changes unexpectedly

  - by NomeN

  I have a lot of #define's in my code. Now a weird problem has crept up. I have this: #define _ImmSign 010100 (I'm trying to simulate a binary number) Obviously, I expect the number to become 10100. But when I use the number it has changed into 4160. What is happening here? And how do I stop it?

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• #define usage in C/C++

  - by Betamoo

  I need to write such a define in C++ #define scanf( fscanf(inf, in order to replace each scanf( with fscanf(inf, literary But I do not know how... Thanks

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• Template function in define

  - by Ockonal

  Hello, I have some template function and I want to call it using define in c++: #define CONFIG(key, type, def) getValue<type>(key, def); Of course, it won't work. Could I make something like this?

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• Can Eclipse generate method-chaining setters

  - by Chris R

  I'd like to generate method-chaining setters (setters that return the object being set), like so: public MyObject setField (Object value) { this.field = value; return this; } This makes it easier to do one-liner instantiations, which I find easier to read: myMethod (new MyObject ().setField (someValue).setOtherField (someOtherValue)); Can Eclipse's templates be modified to do this? I've changed the content to include return this; but the signature is not changed.

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• Override ActiveRecord#save, Method Alias? Trying to mixin functionality into save method...

  - by viatropos

  Here's the situation: I have a User model, and two modules for authentication: Oauth and Openid. Both of them override ActiveRecord#save, and have a fair share of implementation logic. Given that I can tell when the user is trying to login via Oauth vs. Openid, but that both of them have overridden save, how do "finally" override save such that I can conditionally call one of the modules' implementations of it? Here is the base structure of what I'm describing: module UsesOauth def self.included(base) base.class_eval do def save puts "Saving with Oauth!" end def save_with_oauth save end end end end module UsesOpenid def self.included(base) base.class_eval do def save puts "Saving with OpenID!" end def save_with_openid save end end end end module Sequencer def save if using_oauth? save_with_oauth elsif using_openid? save_with_openid else super end end end class User < ActiveRecord::Base include UsesOauth include UsesOpenid include Sequencer end I was thinking about using alias_method like so, but that got too complicated, because I might have 1 or 2 more similar modules. I also tried using those save_with_oauth methods (shown above), which almost works. The only thing that's missing is that I also need to call ActiveRecord::Base#save (the super method), so something like this: def save_with_oauth # do this and that super.save # the rest end But I'm not allowed to do that in ruby. Any ideas for a clever solution to this?

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• View Word Definitions in IE 8 with the Define with Bing Accelerator

  - by Asian Angel

  Do you need an easy way to view word definitions while browsing with Internet Explorer? The Define with Bing Accelerator will display definitions in the same (or a new) tab and save you time while browsing. Using Define with Bing The installation consists of two steps. First, click on Add to Internet Explorer to start the process. Next you will be asked to confirm the installation. Once you have clicked Add your new accelerator is ready to use (no browser restart required). Whenever you encounter a word that needs defining highlight it, click on the small blue square, go to All Accelerators, and then Define with Bing. There are two ways to access the definition: Hover your mouse over the Define with Bing text to open a small popup window Click on Define with Bing to open a definition search in a new tab Being able to access a definition or explanation in the same tab will definitely save you time while browsing. In the example shown here you can get an idea of what SCORM means but clicking on the links inside the popup window is not recommended (webpage opens in popup and is not resizable). In the situation shown above it is better to click on Define with Bing and see more information in a new tab. Conclusion The Define with Bing Accelerator can be a very useful time saver while browsing with Internet Explorer. Finding those word definitions will be a much more pleasant experience now. Add the Define with Bing Accelerator to Internet Explorer Similar Articles Productive Geek Tips Add Google Dictionary Power to ChromeChoose Custom New Tab Pages in ChromeSearch Alternative Search Engines from within Bing’s Search PageView Word Definitions in Google Chrome with DictionaryTipThe New Bing Bar Provides Easy Access to Searches and Microsoft Live Services TouchFreeze Alternative in AutoHotkey The Icy Undertow Desktop Windows Home Server – Backup to LAN The Clear & Clean Desktop Use This Bookmarklet to Easily Get Albums Use AutoHotkey to Assign a Hotkey to a Specific Window Latest Software Reviews Tinyhacker Random Tips CloudBerry Online Backup 1.5 for Windows Home Server Snagit 10 VMware Workstation 7 Acronis Online Backup Sculptris 1.0, 3D Drawing app AceStock, a Tiny Desktop Quote Monitor Gmail Button Addon (Firefox) Hyperwords addon (Firefox) Backup Outlook 2010 Daily Motivator (Firefox)

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