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• Why friend overloaded operator is preferred to conversion operator in this case

  - by skydoor

  Hi I have a code like this, I think both the friend overloaded operator and conversion operator have the similar function. However, why does the friend overloaded operator is called in this case? What's the rules? Thanks so much! class A{ double i; public: A(int i):i(i) {} operator double () const { cout<<"conversion operator"<<endl;return i;} // a conversion operator friend bool operator>(int i, A a); // a friend funcion of operator > }; bool operator>(int i, A a ){ cout<<"Friend"<<endl; return i>a.i; } int main() { A aa(1); if (0 > aa){ return 1; } }

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• Shortcut "or-assignment" (|=) operator in Java

  - by Dr. Monkey

  I have a long set of comparisons to do in Java, and I'd like to know if one or more of them come out as true. The string of comparisons was long and difficult to read, so I broke it up for readability, and automatically went to use a shortcut operator |= rather than negativeValue = negativeValue || boolean. boolean negativeValue = false; negativeValue |= (defaultStock < 0); negativeValue |= (defaultWholesale < 0); negativeValue |= (defaultRetail < 0); negativeValue |= (defaultDelivery < 0); I expect negativeValue to be true if any of the default<something> values are negative. Is this valid? Will it do what I expect? I couldn't see it mentioned on Sun's site or stackoverflow, but Eclipse doesn't seem to have a problem with it and the code compiles and runs.

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• C# Operator Overloading post-fix increment

  - by Victor

  I'm coding a date class and am having trouble with the post-fix increment (the prefix increment seems fine). Here is the sample code: public class date { int year, month, day; public date(int d, int m, int y) { day = d; month = m; year = y; } static public date operator ++(date d) { return d.Next(d); } } The method "Next(date d)" takes a date and returns tomorrows date (I left it out for brevity). I'm to young in C# to understand why the prefix is fine but postfix increment does nothing. But remember in C++ we would have to have two methods instead of just one - for prefix and postfix increments. Also no errors or warnings on compile.

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• How can I build pyv8 from source on FreeBSD against the v8 port?

  - by Utkonos

  I am unable to build pyv8 from source on FreeBSD. I have installed the /usr/ports/lang/v8 port, and I'm running into the following error. It seems that pyv8 wants to build v8 itself even though v8 is already built and installed. How can I point pyv8 to the already installed location of v8? # python setup.py build Found Google v8 base on V8_HOME , update it to the latest SVN trunk at running build ==================== INFO: Installing or updating GYP... -------------------- INFO: Check out GYP from SVN ... DEBUG: make dependencies ERROR: Check out GYP from SVN failed: code=2 DEBUG: "Makefile", line 43: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 45: Need an operator "Makefile", line 46: Need an operator "Makefile", line 48: Need an operator "Makefile", line 50: Need an operator "Makefile", line 52: Need an operator "Makefile", line 54: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 56: Need an operator "Makefile", line 58: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 60: Need an operator "Makefile", line 62: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 64: Need an operator "Makefile", line 66: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 68: Need an operator "Makefile", line 70: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 72: Need an operator "Makefile", line 73: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 75: Need an operator "Makefile", line 77: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 79: Need an operator "Makefile", line 81: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 83: Need an operator "Makefile", line 85: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 87: Need an operator "Makefile", line 89: Need an operator "Makefile", line 91: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 93: Need an operator "Makefile", line 95: Need an operator "Makefile", line 97: Need an operator "Makefile", line 99: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 101: Need an operator "Makefile", line 103: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 105: Need an operator "Makefile", line 107: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 109: Need an operator "Makefile", line 111: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 113: Need an operator "Makefile", line 115: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 117: Need an operator Error expanding embedded variable. ==================== INFO: Patching the GYP scripts INFO: patch the Google v8 build/standalone.gypi file to enable RTTI and C++ Exceptions ==================== INFO: building Google v8 with GYP for x64 platform with release mode -------------------- INFO: build v8 from SVN ... DEBUG: make verifyheap=off component=shared_library visibility=on gdbjit=off liveobjectlist=off regexp=native disassembler=off objectprint=off debuggersupport=on extrachecks=off snapshot=on werror=on x64.release ERROR: build v8 from SVN failed: code=2 DEBUG: "Makefile", line 43: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 45: Need an operator "Makefile", line 46: Need an operator "Makefile", line 48: Need an operator "Makefile", line 50: Need an operator "Makefile", line 52: Need an operator "Makefile", line 54: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 56: Need an operator "Makefile", line 58: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 60: Need an operator "Makefile", line 62: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 64: Need an operator "Makefile", line 66: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 68: Need an operator "Makefile", line 70: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 72: Need an operator "Makefile", line 73: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 75: Need an operator "Makefile", line 77: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 79: Need an operator "Makefile", line 81: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 83: Need an operator "Makefile", line 85: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 87: Need an operator "Makefile", line 89: Need an operator "Makefile", line 91: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 93: Need an operator "Makefile", line 95: Need an operator "Makefile", line 97: Need an operator "Makefile", line 99: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 101: Need an operator "Makefile", line 103: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 105: Need an operator "Makefile", line 107: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 109: Need an operator "Makefile", line 111: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 113: Need an operator "Makefile", line 115: Missing dependency operator "Makefile", line 117: Need an operator Error expanding embedded variable. The files that are installed by the v8 port are the following (in /usr/local): bin/d8 include/v8.h include/v8-debug.h include/v8-preparser.h include/v8-profiler.h include/v8-testing.h include/v8stdint.h lib/libv8.so lib/libv8.so.1

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• Working with operator[] and operator=

  - by calebthorne

  Given a simple class that overloads the '[ ]' operator: class A { public: int operator[](int p_index) { return a[p_index]; } private: int a[5]; }; I would like to accomplish the following: void main() { A Aobject; Aobject[0] = 1; // Problem here } How can I overload the assignment '=' operator in this case to work with the '[ ]' operator?

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• new and delete operator overloading

  - by Angus

  I am writing a simple program to understand the new and delete operator overloading. How is the size parameter passed into the new operator? For reference, here is my code: #include<iostream> #include<stdlib.h> #include<malloc.h> using namespace std; class loc{ private: int longitude,latitude; public: loc(){ longitude = latitude = 0; } loc(int lg,int lt){ longitude -= lg; latitude -= lt; } void show(){ cout << "longitude" << endl; cout << "latitude" << endl; } void* operator new(size_t size); void operator delete(void* p); void* operator new[](size_t size); void operator delete[](void* p); }; void* loc :: operator new(size_t size){ void* p; cout << "In overloaded new" << endl; p = malloc(size); cout << "size :" << size << endl; if(!p){ bad_alloc ba; throw ba; } return p; } void loc :: operator delete(void* p){ cout << "In delete operator" << endl; free(p); } void* loc :: operator new[](size_t size){ void* p; cout << "In overloaded new[]" << endl; p = malloc(size); cout << "size :" << size << endl; if(!p){ bad_alloc ba; throw ba; } return p; } void loc :: operator delete[](void* p){ cout << "In delete operator - array" << endl; free(p); } int main(){ loc *p1,*p2; int i; cout << "sizeof(loc)" << sizeof(loc) << endl; try{ p1 = new loc(10,20); } catch (bad_alloc ba){ cout << "Allocation error for p1" << endl; return 1; } try{ p2 = new loc[10]; } catch(bad_alloc ba){ cout << "Allocation error for p2" << endl; return 1; } p1->show(); for(i = 0;i < 10;i++){ p2[i].show(); } delete p1; delete[] p2; return 0; }

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• 30 seconds from File|New to a new CRUD Silverlight application with Teleriks new LINQ Implementation

  Last month Telerik released its new LINQ implementation and last week we released the new Data Services Wizard for Telerik OpenAccess, which supports both traditional OpenAccess entities and the new LINQ implementation. I will a walk you through the process where you can connect to a database, add a new domain model, wrap it in a new WCF Data Services (Astoria) service, and add a CRUD enabled Silverlight application. All in 30 seconds! Step 1: Build your Domain Model (20 seconds) Open Visual Studio 2010 RTM (or 2008) and add a new ASP.NET project. Right click on the project and select Add|New Item and choose Telerk OpenAccess Domain Model from the item template list. The Visual Entity Designer wizard comes up. Select the database server you are using in the first screen (SQL Server, Oracle, SQL Azure, MySQL, etc) and then also build your database connection string. Next select the tables, views, and stored procedures you want ...Did you know that DotNetSlackers also publishes .net articles written by top known .net Authors? We already have over 80 articles in several categories including Silverlight. Take a look: here.

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• Why some links appear in a new tab, others in a new window?

  - by SAMIR BHOGAYTA

  Originally, it was made to resolve problems on IE8 32 bits when you use a 32 bits OS. I changed "%ProgramFiles(x86)%" var, and now my issue is resolved for IE8 32 bits on my Windows 7 64 bits. Please try it, and tell me if everything work for you. For Win 7 64 bits : 1 - Create a new notepad document and paste this text : @echo off echo. echo IEREREG Version 1.07 for IE8 27.03.2009 echo by Kai Schaetzl http://iefaq.info echo installs and registers (if suitable) all DLLs known to be used by IE8. echo should only take a few seconds, but please be patient echo. REM ****************************** echo registering IE files REM IE files (= part of setup) regsvr32 /s /i browseui.dll REM regsvr32 /s /i browseui.dll,NI (unnecessary) regsvr32 /s corpol.dll regsvr32 /s dxtmsft.dll regsvr32 /s dxtrans.dll REM simple HTML Mail API regsvr32 /s "%ProgramFiles(x86)%\internet explorer\hmmapi.dll" REM group policy snap-in regsvr32 /s ieaksie.dll REM smart screen regsvr32 /s ieapfltr.dll REM ieak branding regsvr32 /s iedkcs32.dll REM dev tools regsvr32 /s "%ProgramFiles(x86)%\internet explorer\iedvtool.dll" regsvr32 /s iepeers.dll REM Symptom: IE8 closes immediately on launch, missing from IE7 regsvr32 /s "%ProgramFiles(x86)%\internet explorer\ieproxy.dll" REM no install point anymore REM regsvr32 /s /i iesetup.dll REM no reg point anymore REM regsvr32 /s imgutil.dll regsvr32 /s /i /n inetcpl.cpl REM no install point anymore REM regsvr32 /s /i inseng.dll regsvr32 /s jscript.dll REM license manager regsvr32 /s licmgr10.dll REM regsvr32 /s msapsspc.dll REM regsvr32 /s mshta.exe REM VS debugger regsvr32 /s msdbg2.dll REM no install point anymore REM regsvr32 /s /i mshtml.dll regsvr32 /s mshtmled.dll regsvr32 /s msident.dll REM no reg point anymore REM regsvr32 /s msrating.dll REM multimedia timer regsvr32 /s mstime.dll REM no install point anymore REM regsvr32 /s /i occache.dll REM process debug manager regsvr32 /s "%ProgramFiles(x86)%\internet explorer\pdm.dll" REM no reg point anymore REM regsvr32 /s pngfilt.dll REM regsvr32 /s /i setupwbv.dll (not there anymore!) regsvr32 /s tdc.ocx regsvr32 /s /i urlmon.dll REM regsvr32 /s /i urlmon.dll,NI,HKLM regsvr32 /s vbscript.dll REM VML renderer regsvr32 /s "%CommonProgramFiles%\microsoft shared\vgx\vgx.dll" REM no install point anymore REM regsvr32 /s /i webcheck.dll regsvr32 /s /i /n wininet.dll REM ****************************** echo registering system files REM additional system dlls known to be used by IE REM added 11.05.2006 Symptom: Add-Ons-Manager menu entry is present but nothing happens regsvr32 /s extmgr.dll REM added 12.05.2006 Symptom: Javascript links don't work (Robin Walker) .NET hub file regsvr32 /s mscoree.dll REM added 23.03.2009 Symptom: Find on this page is blank regsvr32 /s oleacc.dll REM added 24.03.2009 Symptom: Printing problems, open in new window regsvr32 /s ole32.dll REM mscorier.dll REM mscories.dll REM Symptom: open in new tab/window not working regsvr32 /s actxprxy.dll regsvr32 /s asctrls.ocx regsvr32 /s cdfview.dll regsvr32 /s comcat.dll regsvr32 /s /i /n comctl32.dll regsvr32 /s cryptdlg.dll regsvr32 /s /i /n digest.dll regsvr32 /s dispex.dll regsvr32 /s hlink.dll regsvr32 /s mlang.dll regsvr32 /s mobsync.dll regsvr32 /s /i msieftp.dll REM regsvr32 /s msnsspc.dll #no entry point regsvr32 /s msr2c.dll regsvr32 /s msxml.dll regsvr32 /s oleaut32.dll REM regsvr32 /s plugin.ocx #no entry point regsvr32 /s proctexe.ocx REM plus DllRegisterServerEx ExA ExW ... ? regsvr32 /s /i scrobj.dll REM shdocvw.dll hasn't been updated for IE7 and IE8, it still registers itself for the Windows Internet Controls regsvr32 /s /i shdocvw.dll regsvr32 /s sendmail.dll REM ****************************** REM PKI/crypto functionality REM initpki can take very long to run and is rarely a problem REM if there are problems with crypto, SSL, certificates REM remove the three following REMs from the lines REM echo We are almost done except one crypto file REM echo but this will take very long, be patient! REM regsvr32 /s /i:A initpki.dll REM ****************************** REM tabbed browser, do at the end, why originally with /n ? regsvr32 /s /i ieframe.dll REM ****************************** echo correcting bugs in the registry REM do some corrective work REM Symptom: new tabs page cannot display content because it cannot access the controls (added 27. 3.2009) REM This is a result of a bug in shdocvw.dll (see above), probably only on Windows XP reg add "HKCR\TypeLib\{EAB22AC0-30C1-11CF-A7EB-0000C05BAE0B}\1.1\0\win32" /ve /t REG_SZ /d %systemroot%\system32\ieframe.dll /f REM ****************************** echo all tasks have been finished echo. pause 2 - Close all your IE windows and processes. 3 - Save your document on your Desktop by example, with the .bat extension. Right-click on it, and select "Run as administrator". 4 - Test if this tip resolved your issue by openning IE. If you use a Windows 32 bits version, please replace %ProgramFiles(x86)% by %ProgramFiles% in your .bat file.

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• Delphi - TPerlRegEx / RegExBuddy Problem

  - by Brad

  I've got a problem with RegEx and Delphi 2k9 (Win32). I get the following Error: First chance exception at $7C812AFB. Exception class Exception with message 'TPerlRegEx.Compile() - Please specify a regular expression in RegEx first'. I've got the latest version of TPerlRegEx from the website. Using its defualt settings (Using DLL) I'm including demo source code. It's using the code generated by RegExBuddy, latest version. http://www.4shared.com/file/236428923/97478b61/googleresultstestdata.html http://www.4shared.com/file/236439483/e0acbe6d/Unit2.html Delphi FORM http://www.4shared.com/file/236439473/6734a2a2/Unit2.html Delphi PAS Thanks for any help -Brad Data is from Google External Keyword Tool RegEx could use some refinement... but works in RegExBuddy not in Delphi unit Unit2; interface uses Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs, StdCtrls, PerlRegEx; type TForm2 = class(TForm) Memo1: TMemo; Memo2: TMemo; Button1: TButton; procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject); private { Private declarations } public { Public declarations } end; var Form2: TForm2; implementation {$R *.dfm} procedure TForm2.Button1Click(Sender: TObject); var Regex: TPerlRegEx; GroupIndex: Integer; begin Regex := TPerlRegEx.Create(nil); Regex.RegEx := 'criteria.push(new kpCriterion('(?P(.?))', (?P(.?)),'#13#10'''(?P(.?))'', ''(?P(.?))'', (?P(.?)), (?P(.?)), (.+)'#13#10','#13#10''\$(?P(.?))', (?P(.?)),'#13#10''(?P(.?))', (?P(.*+))'; Regex.Options := [preMultiLine]; Regex.Subject := memo1.text; if Regex.Match then begin memo2.Lines.Add('Matches Found'); repeat for GroupIndex := 0 to Regex.SubExpressionCount do begin memo2.lines.add( Regex.SubExpressions[GroupIndex]); //Add Results to memo // backreference text: Regex.SubExpressions[GroupIndex]; // backreference start: Regex.SubExpressionOffsets[GroupIndex]; // backreference length: Regex.SubExpressionLengths[GroupIndex]; end; until not Regex.MatchAgain; end else memo2.Lines.Add('No-Matches Found'); end; end. DFM object Form2: TForm2 Left = 0 Top = 0 Caption = 'Form2' ClientHeight = 247 ClientWidth = 480 Color = clBtnFace Font.Charset = DEFAULT_CHARSET Font.Color = clWindowText Font.Height = -11 Font.Name = 'Tahoma' Font.Style = [] OldCreateOrder = False PixelsPerInch = 96 TextHeight = 13 object Memo1: TMemo Left = 8 Top = 8 Width = 185 Height = 89 Lines.Strings = ( 'var showImpressions = false; var ' 'criteriaSuggestor = ' ''sensei_keyword'; var ' 'historicalTimePeriod = 'Mar ' '2009 - Feb 2010'; var ' 'historicalStartMonth = 2; var ' 'impressionTimePeriod = ' ''February'; var ' 'criteriaGroupsArray = new Array(); ' 'var captchaError = false; var ' 'quotaExceeded = false;' 'var criteria = new Array();' 'var monthlyVariation = new ' 'Array();' 'monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.52' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.67' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.82' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '1.0' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.73' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.5' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.45' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.45' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.43' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.4' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.47' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.45' '));' 'criteria.push(new ' 'kpCriterion('thunderstorm' '9;, 1.9117305278778076,' #39'201,000'#39', '#39'550,000'#39', 201000, ' '550000, 0.8666667' ',' ''$0.49', 493102,' ''1 - 3', 2' ',' '0' ',' '0' ',' 'monthlyVariation,' '5' ',' '''' ',' 'kpView.MATCH_BROAD' ',' '0' ')); var monthlyVariation = new ' 'Array();' 'monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.57' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '1.0' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.7' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.57' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.45' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.42' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.47' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.46' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.43' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.36' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.45' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.43' '));' 'criteria.push(new ' 'kpCriterion('[thunderstorm]&' '#39;, 1.9117305278778076,' #39'33,100'#39', '#39'90,500'#39', 33100, 90500, ' '0.8666667' ',' ''$0.49', 493102,' ''1 - 3', 2' ',' '0' ',' '0' ',' 'monthlyVariation,' '3' ',' '''' ',' 'kpView.MATCH_EXACT' ',' '0' ')); var monthlyVariation = new ' 'Array();' 'monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.52' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.67' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.82' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '1.0' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.73' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.5' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.45' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.45' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.43' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.4' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.47' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.45' '));' 'criteria.push(new ' 'kpCriterion('\42thunderstorm\' '042', 1.9117305278778076,' #39'201,000'#39', '#39'450,000'#39', 201000, ' '450000, 0.8666667' ',' ''$0.49', 493102,' ''1 - 3', 2' ',' '0' ',' '0' ',' 'monthlyVariation,' '5' ',' '''' ',' 'kpView.MATCH_PHRASE' ',' '0' ')); var monthlyVariation = new ' 'Array();' 'monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.75' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.81' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '1.0' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.87' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.64' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.56' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.52' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.6' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.53' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.47' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.58' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.61' '));' 'criteria.push(new ' 'kpCriterion('thunderstorms&#' '39;, 1.8268921375274658,' #39'110,000'#39', '#39'201,000'#39', 110000, ' '201000, 0.8' ',' ''$0.56', 559074,' ''1 - 3', 2' ',' '0' ',' '0' ',' 'monthlyVariation,' '4' ',' '''' ',' 'kpView.MATCH_BROAD' ',' '0' ')); var monthlyVariation = new ' 'Array();' 'monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.83' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.82' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '1.0' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.67' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.42' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.41' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.47' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.56' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.47' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.39' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.5' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.51' '));' 'criteria.push(new ' 'kpCriterion('[thunderstorms]&' '#39;, 1.8268921375274658,' #39'22,200'#39', '#39'40,500'#39', 22200, 40500, ' '0.8' ',' ''$0.56', 559074,' ''1 - 3', 2' ',' '0' ',' '0' ',' 'monthlyVariation,' '4' ',' '''' ',' 'kpView.MATCH_EXACT' ',' '0' ')); var monthlyVariation = new ' 'Array();' 'monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.75' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.81' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '1.0' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.87' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.64' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.56' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.52' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.6' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.53' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.47' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.58' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.61' '));' 'criteria.push(new ' 'kpCriterion('\42thunderstorms' '\042', 1.8268921375274658,' #39'110,000'#39', '#39'165,000'#39', 110000, ' '165000, 0.8' ',' ''$0.56', 559074,' ''1 - 3', 2' ',' '0' ',' '0' ',' 'monthlyVariation,' '4' ',' '''' ',' 'kpView.MATCH_PHRASE' ',' '0' ')); var monthlyVariation = new ' 'Array();' 'monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.71' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.73' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.82' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '1.0' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.87' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.92' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.82' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.7' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.75' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.68' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.77' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.79' '));' 'criteria.push(new ' 'kpCriterion('lightning ' 'storm', 1.774579644203186,' #39'49,500'#39', '#39'90,500'#39', 49500, 90500, ' '0.73333335' ',' ''$0.54', 535666,' ''1 - 3', 2' ',' '0' ',' '0' ',' 'monthlyVariation,' '5' ',' '''' ',' 'kpView.MATCH_BROAD' ',' '0' ')); var monthlyVariation = new ' 'Array();' 'monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.76' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.87' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.97' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '1.0' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.87' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '1.0' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.98' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.87' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.84' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.68' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.86' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.81' '));' 'criteria.push(new ' 'kpCriterion('[lightning ' 'storm]', 1.774579644203186,' #39'12,100'#39', '#39'22,200'#39', 12100, 22200, ' '0.73333335' ',' ''$0.54', 535666,' ''1 - 3', 2' ',' '0' ',' '0' ',' 'monthlyVariation,' '5' ',' '''' ',' 'kpView.MATCH_EXACT' ',' '0' ')); var monthlyVariation = new ' 'Array();' 'monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.68' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.72' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.81' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '1.0' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.85' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.92' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.81' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.67' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.71' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.65' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.76' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.73' '));' 'criteria.push(new ' 'kpCriterion('\42lightning ' 'storm\042', ' '1.774579644203186,' #39'33,100'#39', '#39'60,500'#39', 33100, 60500, ' '0.73333335' ',' ''$0.54', 535666,' ''1 - 3', 2' ',' '0' ',' '0' ',' 'monthlyVariation,' '5' ',' '''' ',' 'kpView.MATCH_PHRASE' ',' '0' ')); var monthlyVariation = new ' 'Array();' 'monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.69' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.69' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.71' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.66' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.68' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.7' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.75' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.79' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.74' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.72' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '1.0' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.7' '));' 'criteria.push(new ' 'kpCriterion('rain storm', ' '1.7464053630828857,' #39'27,100'#39', '#39'49,500'#39', 27100, 49500, ' '0.6666667' ',' ''$0.53', 526334,' ''1 - 3', 2' ',' '0' ',' '0' ',' 'monthlyVariation,' '0' ',' '''' ',' 'kpView.MATCH_BROAD' ',' '0' ')); var monthlyVariation = new ' 'Array();' 'monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '1.0' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.87' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.79' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.57' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.55' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.57' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.74' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.76' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.69' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.61' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.89' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.73' '));' 'criteria.push(new ' 'kpCriterion('[rain ' 'storm]', ' '1.7464053630828857,' #39'5,400'#39', '#39'8,100'#39', 5400, 8100, ' '0.6666667' ',' ''$0.53', 526334,' ''1 - 3', 2' ',' '0' ',' '0' ',' 'monthlyVariation,' '2' ',' '''' ',' 'kpView.MATCH_EXACT' ',' '0' ')); var monthlyVariation = new ' 'Array();' 'monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.73' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.7' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.68' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.61' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.68' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.69' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.73' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.72' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.62' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.59' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '1.0' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.66' '));' 'criteria.push(new ' 'kpCriterion('\42rain ' 'storm\042', ' '1.7464053630828857,' #39'14,800'#39', '#39'27,100'#39', 14800, 27100, ' '0.6666667' ',' ''$0.53', 526334,' ''1 - 3', 2' ',' '0' ',' '0' ',' 'monthlyVariation,' '0' ',' '''' ',' 'kpView.MATCH_PHRASE' ',' '0' ')); var monthlyVariation = new ' 'Array();' 'monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.82' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.87' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '1.0' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '1.0' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.78' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.82' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.84' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.79' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.77' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.61' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.92' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.82' '));' 'criteria.push(new ' 'kpCriterion('lightning ' 'storms', ' '1.6842896938323975,' #39'14,800'#39', '#39'27,100'#39', 14800, 27100, ' '0.73333335' ',' ''$0.42', 417108,' ''1 - 3', 2' ',' '0' ',' '0' ',' 'monthlyVariation,' '4' ',' '''' ',' 'kpView.MATCH_BROAD' ',' '0' ')); var monthlyVariation = new ' 'Array();' 'monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.9' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.9' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '1.0' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.84' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.7' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.81' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.88' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.77' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.76' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.57' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.75' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.63' '));' 'criteria.push(new ' 'kpCriterion('[lightning ' 'storms]', ' '1.6842896938323975,' #39'3,600'#39', '#39'8,100'#39', 3600, 8100, ' '0.73333335' ',' ''$0.42', 417108,' ''1 - 3', 2' ',' '0' ',' '0' ',' 'monthlyVariation,' '4' ',' '''' ',' 'kpView.MATCH_EXACT' ',' '0' ')); var monthlyVariation = new ' 'Array();' 'monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.8' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.86' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '1.0' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.99' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.77' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.83' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.85' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.78' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.77' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.6' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.91' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.81' '));' 'criteria.push(new ' 'kpCriterion('\42lightning ' 'storms\042', ' '1.6842896938323975,' #39'12,100'#39', '#39'22,200'#39', 12100, 22200, ' '0.73333335' ',' ''$0.42', 417108,' ''1 - 3', 2' ',' '0' ',' '0' ',' 'monthlyVariation,' '4' ',' '''' ',' 'kpView.MATCH_PHRASE' ',' '0' ')); var monthlyVariation = new ' 'Array();' 'monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.68' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.66' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.7' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.54' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.52' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.5' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.7' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.7' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.6' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.5' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '1.0' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.66' '));' 'criteria.push(new ' 'kpCriterion('rain ' 'storms', ' '1.421982765197754,' #39'6,600'#39', '#39'9,900'#39', 6600, 9900, 0.6' ',' ''$0.32', 324834,' ''1 - 3', 2' ',' '0' ',' '0' ',' 'monthlyVariation,' '0' ',' '''' ',' 'kpView.MATCH_BROAD' ',' '0' ')); var monthlyVariation = new ' 'Array();' 'monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '1.0' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.97' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.91' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.57' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.52' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.51' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.69' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.64' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.6' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.51' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.77' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.6' '));' 'criteria.push(new ' 'kpCriterion('[rain ' 'storms]', ' '1.421982765197754,' #39'1,300'#39', '#39'1,900'#39', 1300, 1900, 0.6' ',' ''$0.32', 324834,' ''1 - 3', 2' ',' '0' ',' '0' ',' 'monthlyVariation,' '2' ',' '''' ',' 'kpView.MATCH_EXACT' ',' '0' ')); var monthlyVariation = new ' 'Array();' 'monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.68' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.68' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.7' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.53' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.53' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.49' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.71' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.67' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.57' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity(' '0.48' ')); monthlyVariation.push(new ' 'kpMonthlyPopularity('

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• New Year, New Position, New Opportunity and Adventures!

  - by D'Arcy Lussier

  2010 was an incredible year of change for me. On the personal side, we celebrated our youngest daughter’s first birthday and welcomed my oldest daughter into our family (both my girls are adopted). Professionally, I put on the first ever Prairie Developer Conference, the 3rd annual Winnipeg Code Camp, the Software Development and Evolution Conference, continued to build the technology community in Winnipeg, was awarded a Microsoft MVP award for the 4th year, created a certification program to help my employer, Protegra, attain Microsoft Partner status, and had great project work throughout the year. So now its 2011, and I’m looking ahead to new challenges and opportunities with a new employer. Starting in mid February I’ll be the Microsoft Practice Lead with Online Business Systems, a Microsoft partner here in Winnipeg! I’m very excited about working with such great people and helping continue delivering quality solutions and consulting that the organization has become known for. 2010 was great, but 2011 is shaping up to be a banner year both personally and professionally!

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• Unique ways to use the Null Coalescing operator

  - by Atomiton

  I know the standard way of using the Null coalescing operator in C# is to set default values. string nobody = null; string somebody = "Bob Saget"; string anybody = ""; anybody = nobody ?? "Mr. T"; // returns Mr. T anybody = somebody ?? "Mr. T"; // returns "Bob Saget" But what else can ?? be used for? It doesn't seem as useful as the ternary operator, apart from being more concise and easier to read than: nobody = null; anybody = nobody == null ? "Bob Saget" : nobody; // returns Bob Saget So given that fewer even know about null coalescing operator... Have you used ?? for something else? Is ?? necessary, or should you just use the ternary operator (that most are familiar with)

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• C++: call original definition of operator equals

  - by Luis Daniel

  I am overloading the operator equals (==) as show bellow: #include <string> #include <algorithm> bool operator == (std::string str1, std::string str2) { std::transform(str1.begin(), str1.end(), str1.begin(), ::tolower); std::transform(str2.begin(), str2.end(), str2.begin(), ::tolower); return (str1 == str2); } but, the problem appear on line return (str1 == str2), because operator == is called recursively. So, how can I call the original definition for operator equals (not the overloaded) ? Best regards

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• Null-coalescing operator and operator && in C#

  - by abatishchev

  Is it possible to use together any way operator ?? and operator && in next case: bool? Any { get { var any = this.ViewState["any"] as bool?; return any.HasValue ? any.Value && this.SomeBool : any; } } This means next: if any is null then this.Any.HasValue return false if any has value, then it returns value considering another boolean property, i.e. Any && SomeBool

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• Can operator<< in derived class call another operator<< in base class in c++?

  - by ivory

  In my code, Manager is derived from Employee and each of them have an operator<< override. class Employee{ protected: int salary; int rank; public: int getSalary()const{return salary;} int getRank()const{return rank;} Employee(int s, int r):salary(s), rank(r){}; }; ostream& operator<< (ostream& out, Employee& e){ out << "Salary: " << e.getSalary() << " Rank: " << e.getRank() << endl; return out; } class Manager: public Employee{ public: Manager(int s, int r): Employee(s, r){}; }; ostream& operator<< (ostream& out, Manager& m){ out << "Manager: "; cout << (Employee)m << endl; //can not compile, how to call function of Employee? return out; } I hoped cout << (Employee)m << endl; would call ostream& operator<< (ostream& out, Employee& e), but it failed.

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• Operator overload for [] operator

  - by viswanathan

  Why would you need to overload the [] operator? I have never come across a practical scenario where this was necessary. Can somebody tell me a practical use case for this.

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• Implementing operator< in C++

  - by Vulcan Eager

  I have a class with a few numeric fields such as: class Class1 { int a; int b; int c; public: // constructor and so on... bool operator<(const Class1& other) const; }; I need to use objects of this class as a key in an std::map. I therefore implement operator<. What is the simplest implementation of operator< to use here?

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• The ternary (conditional) operator in C

  - by Bongali Babu

  What is the need for the conditional operator? Functionally it is redundant, since it implements an if-else construct. If the conditional operator is more efficient than the equivalent if-else assignment, why can't if-else be interpreted more efficiently by the compiler?

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• Overloading assignment operator in C++

  - by jasonline

  As I've understand, when overloading operator=, the return value should should be a non-const reference. A& A::operator=( const A& ) { // check for self-assignment, do assignment return *this; } It is non-const to allow non-const member functions to be called in cases like: ( a = b ).f(); But why should it return a reference? In what instance will it give a problem if the return value is not declared a reference, let's say return by value?

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• Why does operator<< not work with something returned by operator-?

  - by Felix

  Here's a small test program I wrote: #include <iostream> using namespace std; class A { public: int val; A(int _val=0):val(_val) { } A operator+(A &a) { return A(val + a.val); } A operator-(A &a) { return A(val - a.val); } friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &, A &); }; ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, A &a) { out<<a.val; return out; } int main() { A a(3), b(4), c = b - a; cout<<c<<endl; // this works cout<<(b-a)<<endl; // this doesn't return 0; } I can't seem to get why the line marked "this works" works and the one marked "this doesn't" doesn't. When I try to compile the program with the cout<<(b-a); line, here's what I get: [felix@the-machine C]$ g++ test.cpp test.cpp: In function ‘int main()’: test.cpp:26:13: error: no match for ‘operator<<’ in ‘std::cout << b.A::operator-(((A&)(& a)))’ /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/ostream:108:7: note: candidates are: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& (*)(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type&)) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/ostream:117:7: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ios_type& (*)(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ios_type&)) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ios_type = std::basic_ios<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/ostream:127:7: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(std::ios_base& (*)(std::ios_base&)) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/ostream:165:7: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(long int) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/ostream:169:7: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(long unsigned int) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/ostream:173:7: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(bool) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/bits/ostream.tcc:91:5: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(short int) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/ostream:180:7: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(short unsigned int) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/bits/ostream.tcc:105:5: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(int) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/ostream:191:7: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(unsigned int) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/ostream:200:7: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(long long int) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/ostream:204:7: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(long long unsigned int) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/ostream:209:7: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(double) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/ostream:213:7: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(float) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/ostream:221:7: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(long double) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/ostream:225:7: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(const void*) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__ostream_type = std::basic_ostream<char>] /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.5.0/../../../../include/c++/4.5.0/bits/ostream.tcc:119:5: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__streambuf_type*) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits<char>, std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::__streambuf_type = std::basic_streambuf<char>] test.cpp:18:11: note: std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, A&) [felix@the-machine C]$ Quite nasty.

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• Problem using delete[] (Heap corruption) when implementing operator+= (C++)

  - by Darel

  I've been trying to figure this out for hours now, and I'm at my wit's end. I would surely appreciate it if someone could tell me when I'm doing wrong. I have written a simple class to emulate basic functionality of strings. The class's members include a character pointer data (which points to a dynamically created char array) and an integer strSize (which holds the length of the string, sans terminator.) Since I'm using new and delete, I've implemented the copy constructor and destructor. My problem occurs when I try to implement the operator+=. The LHS object builds the new string correctly - I can even print it using cout - but the problem comes when I try to deallocate the data pointer in the destructor: I get a "Heap Corruption Detected after normal block" at the memory address pointed to by the data array the destructor is trying to deallocate. Here's my complete class and test program: #include <iostream> using namespace std; // Class to emulate string class Str { public: // Default constructor Str(): data(0), strSize(0) { } // Constructor from string literal Str(const char* cp) { data = new char[strlen(cp) + 1]; char *p = data; const char* q = cp; while (*q) *p++ = *q++; *p = '\0'; strSize = strlen(cp); } Str& operator+=(const Str& rhs) { // create new dynamic memory to hold concatenated string char* str = new char[strSize + rhs.strSize + 1]; char* p = str; // new data char* i = data; // old data const char* q = rhs.data; // data to append // append old string to new string in new dynamic memory while (*p++ = *i++) ; p--; while (*p++ = *q++) ; *p = '\0'; // assign new values to data and strSize delete[] data; data = str; strSize += rhs.strSize; return *this; } // Copy constructor Str(const Str& s) { data = new char[s.strSize + 1]; char *p = data; char *q = s.data; while (*q) *p++ = *q++; *p = '\0'; strSize = s.strSize; } // destructor ~Str() { delete[] data; } const char& operator[](int i) const { return data[i]; } int size() const { return strSize; } private: char *data; int strSize; }; ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Str& s) { for (int i = 0; i != s.size(); ++i) os << s[i]; return os; } // Test constructor, copy constructor, and += operator int main() { Str s = "hello"; // destructor for s works ok Str x = s; // destructor for x works ok s += "world!"; // destructor for s gives error cout << s << endl; cout << x << endl; return 0; }

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• C# Conditional Operator Not a Statement?

  - by abelenky

  I have a simple little code fragment that is frustrating me: HashSet<long> groupUIDs = new HashSet<long>(); groupUIDs.Add(uid)? unique++ : dupes++; At compile time, it generates the error: Only assignment, call, increment, decrement, and new object expressions can be used as a statement HashSet.Add is documented to return a bool, so the ternary (?) operator should work, and this looks like a completely legitimate way to track the number of unique and duplicate items I add to a hash-set. When I reformat it as a if-then-else, it works fine. Can anyone explain the error, and if there is a way to do this as a simple ternary operator?

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• conditional operator in C question

  - by Seephor

  I just have a quick question about the conditional operator. Still a budding programmer here. I am given x = 1, y = 2, and z = 3. I want to know, why after this statement: y += x-- ? z++ : --z; That y is 5. The values after the statement are x = 0, y = 5, and z = 4. I know the way the conditional operator works is that it is formatted like this: variable = condition ? value if true : value if false. For the condition, y += x-- , how does y become 5? I can only see 2 (2 += 0) and 3 (2 += 1)(then x-- becomes zero) as possibilities. Any help is much appreciated. :)

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• Operator Overloading in C++ as int + obj

  - by Azher

  Hi Guys, I have following class:- class myclass { size_t st; myclass(size_t pst) { st=pst; } operator int() { return (int)st; } int operator+(int intojb) { return int(st) + intobj; } }; this works fine as long as I use it like this:- char* src="This is test string"; int i= myclass(strlen(src)) + 100; but I am unable to do this:- int i= 100+ myclass(strlen(src)); Any idea, how can I achieve this?? Thanks in advance. Regards,

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• What do you think about ??= operator in C#?

  - by TN

  Do you think that C# will support something like ??= operator? Instead of this: if (list == null) list = new List<int>(); It might be possible to write: list ??= new List<int>(); Now, I could use (but it seems to me not well readable): list = list ?? new List<int>();

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• When is #include <new> library required in C++?

  - by Czarak

  Hi, According to this reference entry for operator new ( http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/std/new/operator%20new/ ) : Global dynamic storage operator functions are special in the standard library: All three versions of operator new are declared in the global namespace, not in the std namespace. The first and second versions are implicitly declared in every translation unit of a C++ program: The header does not need to be included for them to be present. This seems to me to imply that the third version of operator new (placement new) is not implicitly declared in every translation unit of a C++ program and the header <new> does need to be included for it to be present. Is that correct? If so, how is it that using both g++ and MS VC++ Express compilers it seems I can compile code using the third version of new without #include <new> in my source code? Also, the MSDN Standard C++ Library reference entry on operator new gives some example code for the three forms of operator new which contains the #include <new> statement, however the example seems to compile and run just the same for me without this include? // new_op_new.cpp // compile with: /EHsc #include<new> #include<iostream> using namespace std; class MyClass { public: MyClass( ) { cout << "Construction MyClass." << this << endl; }; ~MyClass( ) { imember = 0; cout << "Destructing MyClass." << this << endl; }; int imember; }; int main( ) { // The first form of new delete MyClass* fPtr = new MyClass; delete fPtr; // The second form of new delete char x[sizeof( MyClass )]; MyClass* fPtr2 = new( &x[0] ) MyClass; fPtr2 -> ~MyClass(); cout << "The address of x[0] is : " << ( void* )&x[0] << endl; // The third form of new delete MyClass* fPtr3 = new( nothrow ) MyClass; delete fPtr3; } Could anyone shed some light on this and when and why you might need to #include <new> - maybe some example code that will not compile without #include <new> ? Thanks.

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