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  • How to stop going to redirected URL in Google App Engine with Python?

    - by user1762586
    I'm using urlfetch from google app engine, but it keeps going to the redirected final page even though I use: result = urlfetch.fetch(classUrl, payload=None, method=urlfetch.GET, headers={}, allow_truncated=False, follow_redirects=False) E.g. if classUrl was a searched term in Google (https://www.google.com/search?q=setInstanceFollowRedirects()+python&oq=setInstanceFollowRedirects()+python&sugexp=chrome,mod=0&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8) it would redirect me to www.google.com How do I stop this redirection? Thanks!

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  • How do I stop Opera from caching a page?

    - by nishkarr
    I am trying to get Opera to re-request a page every time instead of just serving it from the cache. I'm sending the 'Cache-control=no-cache' and 'Pragma: no-cache' response headers but it seems as if Opera is just ignoring these headers. It works fine in other browsers - Chrome, IE, Firefox. How do I stop Opera from caching pages? What I want to be able to do is have Opera re-request a page when the user clicks the Back button on the browser.

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  • How do I stop Chrome from pre-populating input boxes?

    - by thor
    Is there some way I can stop Chrome from auto populating input boxes? I have a page with a Sign Up form and a Log In form. In Chrome, if a user has already signed up and they've come to this page to log in, the password input box on the sign up form is populated with their password. I would really like to force the sign up fields to never auto complete. I've tried setting autocomplete="false" but this makes no difference.

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  • OWB 11gR2 - Early Arriving Facts

    - by Dawei Sun
    A common challenge when building ETL components for a data warehouse is how to handle early arriving facts. OWB 11gR2 introduced a new feature to address this for dimensional objects entitled Orphan Management. An orphan record is one that does not have a corresponding existing parent record. Orphan management automates the process of handling source rows that do not meet the requirements necessary to form a valid dimension or cube record. In this article, a simple example will be provided to show you how to use Orphan Management in OWB. We first import a sample MDL file that contains all the objects we need. Then we take some time to examine all the objects. After that, we prepare the source data, deploy the target table and dimension/cube loading map. Finally, we run the loading maps, and check the data in target dimension/cube tables. OK, let’s start… 1. Import MDL file and examine sample project First, download zip file from here, which includes a MDL file and three source data files. Then we open OWB design center, import orphan_management.mdl by using the menu File->Import->Warehouse Builder Metadata. Now we have several objects in BI_DEMO project as below: Mapping LOAD_CHANNELS_OM: The mapping for dimension loading. Mapping LOAD_SALES_OM: The mapping for cube loading. Dimension CHANNELS_OM: The dimension that contains channels data. Cube SALES_OM: The cube that contains sales data. Table CHANNELS_OM: The star implementation table of dimension CHANNELS_OM. Table SALES_OM: The star implementation table of cube SALES_OM. Table SRC_CHANNELS: The source table of channels data, that will be loaded into dimension CHANNELS_OM. Table SRC_ORDERS and SRC_ORDER_ITEMS: The source tables of sales data that will be loaded into cube SALES_OM. Sequence CLASS_OM_DIM_SEQ: The sequence used for loading dimension CHANNELS_OM. Dimension CHANNELS_OM This dimension has a hierarchy with three levels: TOTAL, CLASS and CHANNEL. Each level has three attributes: ID (surrogate key), NAME and SOURCE_ID (business key). It has a standard star implementation. The orphan management policy and the default parent setting are shown in the following screenshots: The orphan management policy options that you can set for loading are: Reject Orphan: The record is not inserted. Default Parent: You can specify a default parent record. This default record is used as the parent record for any record that does not have an existing parent record. If the default parent record does not exist, Warehouse Builder creates the default parent record. You specify the attribute values of the default parent record at the time of defining the dimensional object. If any ancestor of the default parent does not exist, Warehouse Builder also creates this record. No Maintenance: This is the default behavior. Warehouse Builder does not actively detect, reject, or fix orphan records. While removing data from a dimension, you can select one of the following orphan management policies: Reject Removal: Warehouse Builder does not allow you to delete the record if it has existing child records. No Maintenance: This is the default behavior. Warehouse Builder does not actively detect, reject, or fix orphan records. (More details are at http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/owb.112/e10935/dim_objects.htm#insertedID1) Cube SALES_OM This cube is references to dimension CHANNELS_OM. It has three measures: AMOUNT, QUANTITY and COST. The orphan management policy setting are shown as following screenshot: The orphan management policy options that you can set for loading are: No Maintenance: Warehouse Builder does not actively detect, reject, or fix orphan rows. Default Dimension Record: Warehouse Builder assigns a default dimension record for any row that has an invalid or null dimension key value. Use the Settings button to define the default parent row. Reject Orphan: Warehouse Builder does not insert the row if it does not have an existing dimension record. (More details are at http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/owb.112/e10935/dim_objects.htm#BABEACDG) Mapping LOAD_CHANNELS_OM This mapping loads source data from table SRC_CHANNELS to dimension CHANNELS_OM. The operator CHANNELS_IN is bound to table SRC_CHANNELS; CHANNELS_OUT is bound to dimension CHANNELS_OM. The TOTALS operator is used for generating a constant value for the top level in the dimension. The CLASS_FILTER operator is used to filter out the “invalid” class name, so then we can see what will happen when those channel records with an “invalid” parent are loading into dimension. Some properties of the dimension operator in this mapping are important to orphan management. See the screenshot below: Create Default Level Records: If YES, then default level records will be created. This property must be set to YES for dimensions and cubes if one of their orphan management policies is “Default Parent” or “Default Dimension Record”. This property is set to NO by default, so the user may need to set this to YES manually. LOAD policy for INVALID keys/ LOAD policy for NULL keys: These two properties have the same meaning as in the dimension editor. The values are set to the same as the dimension value when user drops the dimension into the mapping. The user does not need to modify these properties. Record Error Rows: If YES, error rows will be inserted into error table when loading the dimension. REMOVE Orphan Policy: This property is used when removing data from a dimension. Since the dimension loading type is set to LOAD in this example, this property is disabled. Mapping LOAD_SALES_OM This mapping loads source data from table SRC_ORDERS and SRC_ORDER_ITEMS to cube SALES_OM. This mapping seems a little bit complicated, but operators in the red rectangle are used to filter out and generate the records with “invalid” or “null” dimension keys. Some properties of the cube operator in a mapping are important to orphan management. See the screenshot below: Enable Source Aggregation: Should be checked in this example. If the default dimension record orphan policy is set for the cube operator, then it is recommended that source aggregation also be enabled. Otherwise, the orphan management processing may produce multiple fact rows with the same default dimension references, which will cause an “unstable rowset” execution error in the database, since the dimension refs are used as update match attributes for updating the fact table. LOAD policy for INVALID keys/ LOAD policy for NULL keys: These two properties have the same meaning as in the cube editor. The values are set to the same as in the cube editor when the user drops the cube into the mapping. The user does not need to modify these properties. Record Error Rows: If YES, error rows will be inserted into error table when loading the cube. 2. Deploy objects and mappings We now can deploy the objects. First, make sure location SALES_WH_LOCAL has been correctly configured. Then open Control Center Manager by using the menu Tools->Control Center Manager. Expand BI_DEMO->SALES_WH_LOCAL, click SALES_WH node on the project tree. We can see the following objects: Deploy all the objects in the following order: Sequence CLASS_OM_DIM_SEQ Table CHANNELS_OM, SALES_OM, SRC_CHANNELS, SRC_ORDERS, SRC_ORDER_ITEMS Dimension CHANNELS_OM Cube SALES_OM Mapping LOAD_CHANNELS_OM, LOAD_SALES_OM Note that we deployed source tables as well. Normally, we import source table from database instead of deploying them to target schema. However, in this example, we designed the source tables in OWB and deployed them to database for the purpose of this demonstration. 3. Prepare and examine source data Before running the mappings, we need to populate and examine the source data first. Run SRC_CHANNELS.sql, SRC_ORDERS.sql and SRC_ORDER_ITEMS.sql as target user. Then we check the data in these three tables. Table SRC_CHANNELS SQL> select rownum, id, class, name from src_channels; Records 1~5 are correct; they should be loaded into dimension without error. Records 6,7 and 8 have null parents; they should be loaded into dimension with a default parent value, and should be inserted into error table at the same time. Records 9, 10 and 11 have “invalid” parents; they should be rejected by dimension, and inserted into error table. Table SRC_ORDERS and SRC_ORDER_ITEMS SQL> select rownum, a.id, a.channel, b.amount, b.quantity, b.cost from src_orders a, src_order_items b where a.id = b.order_id; Record 178 has null dimension reference; it should be loaded into cube with a default dimension reference, and should be inserted into error table at the same time. Record 179 has “invalid” dimension reference; it should be rejected by cube, and inserted into error table. Other records should be aggregated and loaded into cube correctly. 4. Run the mappings and examine the target data In the Control Center Manager, expand BI_DEMO-> SALES_WH_LOCAL-> SALES_WH-> Mappings, right click on LOAD_CHANNELS_OM node, click Start. Use the same way to run mapping LOAD_SALES_OM. When they successfully finished, we can check the data in target tables. Table CHANNELS_OM SQL> select rownum, total_id, total_name, total_source_id, class_id,class_name, class_source_id, channel_id, channel_name,channel_source_id from channels_om order by abs(dimension_key); Records 1,2 and 3 are the default dimension records for the three levels. Records 8, 10 and 15 are the loaded records that originally have null parents. We see their parents name (class_name) is set to DEF_CLASS_NAME. Those records whose CHANNEL_NAME are Special_4, Special_5 and Special_6 are not loaded to this table because of the invalid parent. Error Table CHANNELS_OM_ERR SQL> select rownum, class_source_id, channel_id, channel_name,channel_source_id, err$$$_error_reason from channels_om_err order by channel_name; We can see all the record with null parent or invalid parent are inserted into this error table. Error reason is “Default parent used for record” for the first three records, and “No parent found for record” for the last three. Table SALES_OM SQL> select a.*, b.channel_name from sales_om a, channels_om b where a.channels=b.channel_id; We can see the order record with null channel_name has been loaded into target table with a default channel_name. The one with “invalid” channel_name are not loaded. Error Table SALES_OM_ERR SQL> select a.amount, a.cost, a.quantity, a.channels, b.channel_name, a.err$$$_error_reason from sales_om_err a, channels_om b where a.channels=b.channel_id(+); We can see the order records with null or invalid channel_name are inserted into error table. If the dimension reference column is null, the error reason is “Default dimension record used for fact”. If it is invalid, the error reason is “Dimension record not found for fact”. Summary In summary, this article illustrated the Orphan Management feature in OWB 11gR2. Automated orphan management policies improve ETL developer and administrator productivity by addressing an important cause of cube and dimension load failures, without requiring developers to explicitly build logic to handle these orphan rows.

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  • Why is iTunes starting and stopping play randomly, and how do I stop it?

    - by Chris R
    Since yesterday morning my copy of iTunes has been starting and stopping randomly. If iTunes is not running, then it opens and sometimes begins playing, other times sits idle. Eventually, after a random interval it will begin playing a song, and then stop, and so on... Needless to say, it's driving me mad. (Mac OSX, 10.6.3, on a new-ish (< 1 year old) 24" iMac) I've made five changes to my system that may or may not be connected to this: My office phone was replaced with a Linksys IP Phone, which necessitated a change to my networking; where previously my Mac was connected directly to the office network port, now it is connected through the phone. My network connection now uses auto link detection in lieu of forcing 100Mbit I unpaired my bluetooth headset. I removed the USB audio device associated with another headset. I upgraded to Safari 5. I don't use it as a primary browser, but it's often open to run web apps that I'm developing. All of these things happened in pretty close proximity to each other, so one or more of them may be the culprit. One other thing that may or may not be related; for some reason my built-in microphone is no longer picking up audio. It seems like this might be connected to the iTunes issue, because it happened around the same time. In terms of things that I've tried in order to solve this, I'm at a bit of a loss. I followed the instructions at http://developer.apple.com/mac/library/technotes/tn2004/tn2124.html#SECLAUNCHDLOGGING to enable detailed launchd logging to see if I could track down which process was asking iTunes to open (when it's not already open) but I wasn't able to make heads or tails of the output. I'm not even sure if I'm looking in the right place, to be honest; it actually acts like something is activating the application with AppleScript, but I have no processes running that are doing that, as far as I know. I'm running a few apps that have iTunes integration: Adium, iChat with Chax, Quicksilver. None of these have been changed lately, so I consider them low risks of causing this, but it's not impossible. Moreover, I'm not using any of those features intentionally. This is a snippet of launchd debug logging from around the time it just launched: 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] Dispatching kevent... 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] KEVENT[0]: udata = 0x10002b230 data = 0x30 ident = 5 filter = EVFILT_READ flags = EV_ADD|EV_RECEIPT fflags = 0x0 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] Dispatching kevent... 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] KEVENT[0]: udata = 0x100802000 data = 0x0 ident = 26 filter = EVFILT_PROC flags = EV_ADD|EV_RECEIPT|EV_CLEAR fflags = NOTE_FORK 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.coreservicesd[26]) Dispatching kevent callback. 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.coreservicesd[26]) EVFILT_PROC event for job: 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] KEVENT[0]: udata = 0x1004076f0 data = 0x0 ident = 26 filter = EVFILT_PROC flags = EV_ADD|EV_RECEIPT|EV_CLEAR fflags = NOTE_FORK 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.coreservicesd[26]) fork()ed 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (0x100401720.anonymous.lssave) Conceived 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (0x100401720.anonymous.lssave[22197]) Created PID 22197 anonymously by PPID 26 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (0x100401720.anonymous.lssave[22197]) Looking up per user launchd for UID: 0 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (0x100401720.anonymous.lssave[22197]) Per user launchd job found for UID: 505 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] System: Looking up service com.apple.system.notification_center 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.launchd.peruser.505[143]) Mach service lookup: com.apple.system.notification_center 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (0x100401720.anonymous.lssave[22197]) Looking up per user launchd for UID: 0 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (0x100401720.anonymous.lssave[22197]) Per user launchd job found for UID: 505 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] System: Looking up service com.apple.system.DirectoryService.libinfo_v1 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.launchd.peruser.505[143]) Mach service lookup: com.apple.system.DirectoryService.libinfo_v1 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (0x100401720.anonymous.lssave[22197]) Looking up per user launchd for UID: 0 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (0x100401720.anonymous.lssave[22197]) Per user launchd job found for UID: 505 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] System: Looking up service com.apple.system.DirectoryService.membership_v1 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.launchd.peruser.505[143]) Mach service lookup: com.apple.system.DirectoryService.membership_v1 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (0x100401720.anonymous.lssave[22197]) Looking up per user launchd for UID: 0 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (0x100401720.anonymous.lssave[22197]) Per user launchd job found for UID: 505 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] System: Looking up service com.apple.CoreServices.coreservicesd 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.launchd.peruser.505[143]) Mach service lookup: com.apple.CoreServices.coreservicesd 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] Dispatching kevent... 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] KEVENT[0]: udata = 0x100802000 data = 0x0 ident = 22197 filter = EVFILT_PROC flags = EV_ADD|EV_RECEIPT|EV_CLEAR fflags = NOTE_EXIT 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (0x100401720.anonymous.lssave[22197]) Dispatching kevent callback. 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (0x100401720.anonymous.lssave[22197]) EVFILT_PROC event for job: 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] KEVENT[0]: udata = 0x100401720 data = 0x0 ident = 22197 filter = EVFILT_PROC flags = EV_ADD|EV_RECEIPT|EV_CLEAR fflags = NOTE_EXIT 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (0x100401720.anonymous.lssave[22197]) Reaping 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (0x100401720.anonymous.lssave) Total rusage: utime 0.000000 stime 0.000000 maxrss 0 ixrss 0 idrss 0 isrss 0 minflt 0 majflt 0 nswap 0 inblock 0 oublock 0 msgsnd 0 msgrcv 0 nsignals 0 nvcsw 0 nivcsw 0 10-06-09 9:14:29 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (0x100401720.anonymous.lssave) Removed 10-06-09 9:14:30 AM com.apple.launchd[1] Dispatching kevent... 10-06-09 9:14:30 AM com.apple.launchd[1] KEVENT[0]: udata = 0x100802000 data = 0x0 ident = 22197 filter = EVFILT_PROC flags = EV_ADD|EV_RECEIPT|EV_CLEAR|EV_EOF|EV_ONESHOT fflags = NOTE_REAP 10-06-09 9:14:32 AM com.apple.launchd[1] Dispatching kevent... 10-06-09 9:14:32 AM com.apple.launchd[1] KEVENT[0]: udata = 0x10002b230 data = 0x30 ident = 5 filter = EVFILT_READ flags = EV_ADD|EV_RECEIPT fflags = 0x0 10-06-09 9:14:33 AM com.apple.launchd[1] Dispatching kevent... 10-06-09 9:14:33 AM com.apple.launchd[1] KEVENT[0]: udata = 0x100802000 data = 0x0 ident = 143 filter = EVFILT_PROC flags = EV_ADD|EV_RECEIPT|EV_CLEAR fflags = NOTE_FORK 10-06-09 9:14:33 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.launchd.peruser.505[143]) Dispatching kevent callback. 10-06-09 9:14:33 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.launchd.peruser.505[143]) EVFILT_PROC event for job: 10-06-09 9:14:33 AM com.apple.launchd[1] KEVENT[0]: udata = 0x10041e9a0 data = 0x0 ident = 143 filter = EVFILT_PROC flags = EV_ADD|EV_RECEIPT|EV_CLEAR fflags = NOTE_FORK 10-06-09 9:14:33 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.launchd.peruser.505[143]) fork()ed 10-06-09 9:14:33 AM com.apple.launchd[1] System: Looking up service com.apple.distributed_notifications.2 10-06-09 9:14:33 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.launchd.peruser.505[143]) Mach service lookup: com.apple.distributed_notifications.2 10-06-09 9:14:33 AM com.apple.launchd[1] System: Looking up service com.apple.system.notification_center 10-06-09 9:14:33 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.launchd.peruser.505[143]) Mach service lookup: com.apple.system.notification_center 10-06-09 9:14:33 AM com.apple.launchd[1] System: Looking up service com.apple.system.DirectoryService.libinfo_v1 10-06-09 9:14:33 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.launchd.peruser.505[143]) Mach service lookup: com.apple.system.DirectoryService.libinfo_v1 10-06-09 9:14:33 AM com.apple.launchd[1] System: Looking up service com.apple.system.DirectoryService.membership_v1 10-06-09 9:14:33 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.launchd.peruser.505[143]) Mach service lookup: com.apple.system.DirectoryService.membership_v1 10-06-09 9:14:33 AM com.apple.launchd[1] System: Looking up service com.apple.CoreServices.coreservicesd 10-06-09 9:14:33 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.launchd.peruser.505[143]) Mach service lookup: com.apple.CoreServices.coreservicesd 10-06-09 9:14:33 AM com.apple.launchd[1] System: Looking up service com.apple.SystemConfiguration.configd 10-06-09 9:14:33 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.launchd.peruser.505[143]) Mach service lookup: com.apple.SystemConfiguration.configd 10-06-09 9:14:33 AM com.apple.launchd[1] System: Looking up service com.apple.audio.coreaudiod 10-06-09 9:14:33 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.launchd.peruser.505[143]) Mach service lookup: com.apple.audio.coreaudiod 10-06-09 9:14:34 AM com.apple.launchd[1] System: Looking up service com.apple.system.logger 10-06-09 9:14:34 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.launchd.peruser.505[143]) Mach service lookup: com.apple.system.logger 10-06-09 9:14:35 AM com.apple.launchd[1] Dispatching kevent... 10-06-09 9:14:35 AM com.apple.launchd[1] KEVENT[0]: udata = 0x10002b230 data = 0x30 ident = 5 filter = EVFILT_READ flags = EV_ADD|EV_RECEIPT fflags = 0x0 10-06-09 9:14:35 AM com.apple.launchd[1] System: Looking up service com.apple.DiskArbitration.diskarbitrationd 10-06-09 9:14:35 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.launchd.peruser.505[143]) Mach service lookup: com.apple.DiskArbitration.diskarbitrationd 10-06-09 9:14:35 AM com.apple.launchd[1] System: Looking up service com.apple.system.logger 10-06-09 9:14:35 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.launchd.peruser.505[143]) Mach service lookup: com.apple.system.logger 10-06-09 9:14:36 AM com.apple.launchd[1] System: Looking up service com.apple.FSEvents 10-06-09 9:14:36 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.launchd.peruser.505[143]) Mach service lookup: com.apple.FSEvents 10-06-09 9:14:36 AM com.apple.launchd[1] System: Looking up service com.apple.SystemConfiguration.configd 10-06-09 9:14:36 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.launchd.peruser.505[143]) Mach service lookup: com.apple.SystemConfiguration.configd 10-06-09 9:14:38 AM com.apple.launchd[1] Dispatching kevent... 10-06-09 9:14:38 AM com.apple.launchd[1] KEVENT[0]: udata = 0x10002b230 data = 0x30 ident = 5 filter = EVFILT_READ flags = EV_ADD|EV_RECEIPT fflags = 0x0 10-06-09 9:14:39 AM com.apple.launchd[1] Dispatching kevent... 10-06-09 9:14:39 AM com.apple.launchd[1] KEVENT[0]: udata = 0x100802000 data = 0x0 ident = 26 filter = EVFILT_PROC flags = EV_ADD|EV_RECEIPT|EV_CLEAR fflags = NOTE_FORK 10-06-09 9:14:39 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.coreservicesd[26]) Dispatching kevent callback. 10-06-09 9:14:39 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.coreservicesd[26]) EVFILT_PROC event for job: 10-06-09 9:14:39 AM com.apple.launchd[1] KEVENT[0]: udata = 0x1004076f0 data = 0x0 ident = 26 filter = EVFILT_PROC flags = EV_ADD|EV_RECEIPT|EV_CLEAR fflags = NOTE_FORK 10-06-09 9:14:39 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.coreservicesd[26]) fork()ed 10-06-09 9:14:39 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (0x100401720.anonymous.lssave) Conceived 10-06-09 9:14:39 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (0x100401720.anonymous.lssave[22211]) Created PID 22211 anonymously by PPID 26 10-06-09 9:14:39 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (0x100401720.anonymous.lssave[22211]) Looking up per user launchd for UID: 0 10-06-09 9:14:39 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (0x100401720.anonymous.lssave[22211]) Per user launchd job found for UID: 505 10-06-09 9:14:39 AM com.apple.launchd[1] System: Looking up service com.apple.system.notification_center 10-06-09 9:14:39 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.launchd.peruser.505[143]) Mach service lookup: com.apple.system.notification_center 10-06-09 9:14:39 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (0x100401720.anonymous.lssave[22211]) Looking up per user launchd for UID: 0 10-06-09 9:14:39 AM com.apple.launchd[1] (0x100401720.anonymous.lssave[22211]) Per user launchd job found for UID: 505 10-06-09 9:14:39 AM com.apple.launchd[1] System: Looking up service com.apple.system.DirectoryService.libinfo_v1

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  • How do I host node.js apps with pm2 without running them as root?

    - by jishi
    I have setup pm2 to run a node.js application, and I can successfully start it and it will resurrect upon reboot. However, the pm2 daemon is ran as root, which makes me think that all my node-scripts also runs as root? Even though I added them as a regular user in the system. The log files and stuff is created in the users home dir, /~/.pm2/logs, but the logs are owned by root. when I invoke pm2 startup (which handles the installation of the init.d script etc), it creates /etc/init.d/pm2-init.sh which looks like this: #!/bin/bash # chkconfig: 2345 98 02 # # description: PM2 next gen process manager for Node.js # processname: pm2 # ### BEGIN INIT INFO # Provides: pm2 # Required-Start: # Required-Stop: # Should-Start: # Should-Stop: # Default-Start: 2 3 4 5 # Default-Stop: 0 1 6 # Short-Description: PM2 init script # Description: PM2 is the next gen process manager for Node.js ### END INIT INFO NAME=pm2 PM2=/usr/local/lib/node_modules/pm2/bin/pm2 NODE=/usr/local/bin/node export HOME="/root" start() { echo "Starting $NAME" $NODE $PM2 stopAll $NODE $PM2 resurrect } stop() { $NODE $PM2 dump $NODE $PM2 stopAll } restart() { echo "Restarting $NAME" stop start } status() { echo "Status for $NAME:" $NODE $PM2 list RETVAL=$? } case "$1" in start) start ;; stop) stop ;; status) status ;; restart) restart ;; *) echo "Usage: {start|stop|status|restart}" exit 1 ;; esac exit $RETVAL When I dump the processes (which is what it will use when resurrecting the processes), I see mentions of user "USER":"pi" but I don't think that it's actually run as user pi. Any thoughts?

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  • sudo ./starling start works well but sudo service starling start fails

    - by Keating Wang
    sudo ./starling start works well but sudo service starling start fails $ sudo ./starling start * Starting Starling Server... [ OK ] $ sudo ./starling stop * Stop Starling Server... [ OK ] $ sudo service starling stop * Starting Starling Server... /home/keating/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/dependency.rb:247:in `to_specs': Could not find starling (>= 0) amongst [minitest-1.6.0, rake-0.8.7, rdoc-2.5.8] (Gem::LoadError) from /home/keating/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/dependency.rb:256:in `to_spec' from /home/keating/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems.rb:1229:in `gem' from /home/keating/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290/bin/starling:18:in `<main>' The error above is 'cannot find gem starling' Following the starling file(located in /etc/init.d, rwxrwxrwx): set -e LOGFILE=/var/log/starling/starling.log SPOOLDIR=/var/spool/starling PORT=22122 LISTEN=127.0.0.1 PIDFILE=/var/run/starling.pid NAME=starling DESC="Starling" INSTALL_DIR=/home/keating/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290/bin/ DAEMON=$INSTALL_DIR/$NAME SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME OPTS="-d" . /lib/lsb/init-functions d_start() { log_begin_msg "Starting Starling Server..." start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON -- $OPTS || log_end_msg 1 log_end_msg 0 } d_stop() { log_begin_msg "Stopping Starling Server..." start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE || log_end_msg 1 log_end_msg 0 } case "$1" in start) d_start ;; stop) d_stop ;; restart|force-reload|reload) d_stop sleep 2 d_start ;; *) echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|restart|force-reload}" exit 3 ;; esac exit 0

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  • Use IIS Application Initialization for keeping ASP.NET Apps alive

    - by Rick Strahl
    I've been working quite a bit with Windows Services in the recent months, and well, it turns out that Windows Services are quite a bear to debug, deploy, update and maintain. The process of getting services set up,  debugged and updated is a major chore that has to be extensively documented and or automated specifically. On most projects when a service is built, people end up scrambling for the right 'process' to use for administration. Web app deployment and maintenance on the other hand are common and well understood today, as we are constantly dealing with Web apps. There's plenty of infrastructure and tooling built into Web Tools like Visual Studio to facilitate the process. By comparison Windows Services or anything self-hosted for that matter seems convoluted.In fact, in a recent blog post I mentioned that on a recent project I'd been using self-hosting for SignalR inside of a Windows service, because the application is in fact a 'service' that also needs to send out lots of messages via SignalR. But the reality is that it could just as well be an IIS application with a service component that runs in the background. Either way you look at it, it's either a Windows Service with a built in Web Server, or an IIS application running a Service application, neither of which follows the standard Service or Web App template.Personally I much prefer Web applications. Running inside of IIS I get all the benefits of the IIS platform including service lifetime management (crash and restart), controlled shutdowns, the whole security infrastructure including easy certificate support, hot-swapping of code and the the ability to publish directly to IIS from within Visual Studio with ease.Because of these benefits we set out to move from the self hosted service into an ASP.NET Web app instead.The Missing Link for ASP.NET as a Service: Auto-LoadingI've had moments in the past where I wanted to run a 'service like' application in ASP.NET because when you think about it, it's so much easier to control a Web application remotely. Services are locked into start/stop operations, but if you host inside of a Web app you can write your own ticket and control it from anywhere. In fact nearly 10 years ago I built a background scheduling application that ran inside of ASP.NET and it worked great and it's still running doing its job today.The tricky part for running an app as a service inside of IIS then and now, is how to get IIS and ASP.NET launched so your 'service' stays alive even after an Application Pool reset. 7 years ago I faked it by using a web monitor (my own West Wind Web Monitor app) I was running anyway to monitor my various web sites for uptime, and having the monitor ping my 'service' every 20 seconds to effectively keep ASP.NET alive or fire it back up after a reload. I used a simple scheduler class that also includes some logic for 'self-reloading'. Hacky for sure, but it worked reliably.Luckily today it's much easier and more integrated to get IIS to launch ASP.NET as soon as an Application Pool is started by using the Application Initialization Module. The Application Initialization Module basically allows you to turn on Preloading on the Application Pool and the Site/IIS App, which essentially fires a request through the IIS pipeline as soon as the Application Pool has been launched. This means that effectively your ASP.NET app becomes active immediately, Application_Start is fired making sure your app stays up and running at all times. All the other features like Application Pool recycling and auto-shutdown after idle time still work, but IIS will then always immediately re-launch the application.Getting started with Application InitializationAs of IIS 8 Application Initialization is part of the IIS feature set. For IIS 7 and 7.5 there's a separate download available via Web Platform Installer. Using IIS 8 Application Initialization is an optional install component in Windows or the Windows Server Role Manager: This is an optional component so make sure you explicitly select it.IIS Configuration for Application InitializationInitialization needs to be applied on the Application Pool as well as the IIS Application level. As of IIS 8 these settings can be made through the IIS Administration console.Start with the Application Pool:Here you need to set both the Start Automatically which is always set, and the StartMode which should be set to AlwaysRunning. Both have to be set - the Start Automatically flag is set true by default and controls the starting of the application pool itself while Always Running flag is required in order to launch the application. Without the latter flag set the site settings have no effect.Now on the Site/Application level you can specify whether the site should pre load: Set the Preload Enabled flag to true.At this point ASP.NET apps should auto-load. This is all that's needed to pre-load the site if all you want is to get your site launched automatically.If you want a little more control over the load process you can add a few more settings to your web.config file that allow you to show a static page while the App is starting up. This can be useful if startup is really slow, so rather than displaying blank screen while the user is fiddling their thumbs you can display a static HTML page instead: <system.webServer> <applicationInitialization remapManagedRequestsTo="Startup.htm" skipManagedModules="true"> <add initializationPage="ping.ashx" /> </applicationInitialization> </system.webServer>This allows you to specify a page to execute in a dry run. IIS basically fakes request and pushes it directly into the IIS pipeline without hitting the network. You specify a page and IIS will fake a request to that page in this case ping.ashx which just returns a simple OK string - ie. a fast pipeline request. This request is run immediately after Application Pool restart, and while this request is running and your app is warming up, IIS can display an alternate static page - Startup.htm above. So instead of showing users an empty loading page when clicking a link on your site you can optionally show some sort of static status page that says, "we'll be right back".  I'm not sure if that's such a brilliant idea since this can be pretty disruptive in some cases. Personally I think I prefer letting people wait, but at least get the response they were supposed to get back rather than a random page. But it's there if you need it.Note that the web.config stuff is optional. If you don't provide it IIS hits the default site link (/) and even if there's no matching request at the end of that request it'll still fire the request through the IIS pipeline. Ideally though you want to make sure that an ASP.NET endpoint is hit either with your default page, or by specify the initializationPage to ensure ASP.NET actually gets hit since it's possible for IIS fire unmanaged requests only for static pages (depending how your pipeline is configured).What about AppDomain Restarts?In addition to full Worker Process recycles at the IIS level, ASP.NET also has to deal with AppDomain shutdowns which can occur for a variety of reasons:Files are updated in the BIN folderWeb Deploy to your siteweb.config is changedHard application crashThese operations don't cause the worker process to restart, but they do cause ASP.NET to unload the current AppDomain and start up a new one. Because the features above only apply to Application Pool restarts, AppDomain restarts could also cause your 'ASP.NET service' to stop processing in the background.In order to keep the app running on AppDomain recycles, you can resort to a simple ping in the Application_End event:protected void Application_End() { var client = new WebClient(); var url = App.AdminConfiguration.MonitorHostUrl + "ping.aspx"; client.DownloadString(url); Trace.WriteLine("Application Shut Down Ping: " + url); }which fires any ASP.NET url to the current site at the very end of the pipeline shutdown which in turn ensures that the site immediately starts back up.Manual Configuration in ApplicationHost.configThe above UI corresponds to the following ApplicationHost.config settings. If you're using IIS 7, there's no UI for these flags so you'll have to manually edit them.When you install the Application Initialization component into IIS it should auto-configure the module into ApplicationHost.config. Unfortunately for me, with Mr. Murphy in his best form for me, the module registration did not occur and I had to manually add it.<globalModules> <add name="ApplicationInitializationModule" image="%windir%\System32\inetsrv\warmup.dll" /> </globalModules>Most likely you won't need ever need to add this, but if things are not working it's worth to check if the module is actually registered.Next you need to configure the ApplicationPool and the Web site. The following are the two relevant entries in ApplicationHost.config.<system.applicationHost> <applicationPools> <add name="West Wind West Wind Web Connection" autoStart="true" startMode="AlwaysRunning" managedRuntimeVersion="v4.0" managedPipelineMode="Integrated"> <processModel identityType="LocalSystem" setProfileEnvironment="true" /> </add> </applicationPools> <sites> <site name="Default Web Site" id="1"> <application path="/MPress.Workflow.WebQueueMessageManager" applicationPool="West Wind West Wind Web Connection" preloadEnabled="true"> <virtualDirectory path="/" physicalPath="C:\Clients\…" /> </application> </site> </sites> </system.applicationHost>On the Application Pool make sure to set the autoStart and startMode flags to true and AlwaysRunning respectively. On the site make sure to set the preloadEnabled flag to true.And that's all you should need. You can still set the web.config settings described above as well.ASP.NET as a Service?In the particular application I'm working on currently, we have a queue manager that runs as standalone service that polls a database queue and picks out jobs and processes them on several threads. The service can spin up any number of threads and keep these threads alive in the background while IIS is running doing its own thing. These threads are newly created threads, so they sit completely outside of the IIS thread pool. In order for this service to work all it needs is a long running reference that keeps it alive for the life time of the application.In this particular app there are two components that run in the background on their own threads: A scheduler that runs various scheduled tasks and handles things like picking up emails to send out outside of IIS's scope and the QueueManager. Here's what this looks like in global.asax:public class Global : System.Web.HttpApplication { private static ApplicationScheduler scheduler; private static ServiceLauncher launcher; protected void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e) { // Pings the service and ensures it stays alive scheduler = new ApplicationScheduler() { CheckFrequency = 600000 }; scheduler.Start(); launcher = new ServiceLauncher(); launcher.Start(); // register so shutdown is controlled HostingEnvironment.RegisterObject(launcher); }}By keeping these objects around as static instances that are set only once on startup, they survive the lifetime of the application. The code in these classes is essentially unchanged from the Windows Service code except that I could remove the various overrides required for the Windows Service interface (OnStart,OnStop,OnResume etc.). Otherwise the behavior and operation is very similar.In this application ASP.NET serves two purposes: It acts as the host for SignalR and provides the administration interface which allows remote management of the 'service'. I can start and stop the service remotely by shutting down the ApplicationScheduler very easily. I can also very easily feed stats from the queue out directly via a couple of Web requests or (as we do now) through the SignalR service.Registering a Background Object with ASP.NETNotice also the use of the HostingEnvironment.RegisterObject(). This function registers an object with ASP.NET to let it know that it's a background task that should be notified if the AppDomain shuts down. RegisterObject() requires an interface with a Stop() method that's fired and allows your code to respond to a shutdown request. Here's what the IRegisteredObject::Stop() method looks like on the launcher:public void Stop(bool immediate = false) { LogManager.Current.LogInfo("QueueManager Controller Stopped."); Controller.StopProcessing(); Controller.Dispose(); Thread.Sleep(1500); // give background threads some time HostingEnvironment.UnregisterObject(this); }Implementing IRegisterObject should help with reliability on AppDomain shutdowns. Thanks to Justin Van Patten for pointing this out to me on Twitter.RegisterObject() is not required but I would highly recommend implementing it on whatever object controls your background processing to all clean shutdowns when the AppDomain shuts down.Testing it outI'm still in the testing phase with this particular service to see if there are any side effects. But so far it doesn't look like it. With about 50 lines of code I was able to replace the Windows service startup to Web start up - everything else just worked as is. An honorable mention goes to SignalR 2.0's oWin hosting, because with the new oWin based hosting no code changes at all were required, merely a couple of configuration file settings and an assembly directive needed, to point at the SignalR startup class. Sweet!It also seems like SignalR is noticeably faster running inside of IIS compared to self-host. Startup feels faster because of the preload.Starting and Stopping the 'Service'Because the application is running as a Web Server, it's easy to have a Web interface for starting and stopping the services running inside of the service. For our queue manager the SignalR service and front monitoring app has a play and stop button for toggling the queue.If you want more administrative control and have it work more like a Windows Service you can also stop the application pool explicitly from the command line which would be equivalent to stopping and restarting a service.To start and stop from the command line you can use the IIS appCmd tool. To stop:> %windir%\system32\inetsrv\appcmd stop apppool /apppool.name:"Weblog"and to start> %windir%\system32\inetsrv\appcmd start apppool /apppool.name:"Weblog"Note that when you explicitly force the AppPool to stop running either in the UI (on the ApplicationPools page use Start/Stop) or via command line tools, the application pool will not auto-restart immediately. You have to manually start it back up.What's not to like?There are certainly a lot of benefits to running a background service in IIS, but… ASP.NET applications do have more overhead in terms of memory footprint and startup time is a little slower, but generally for server applications this is not a big deal. If the application is stable the service should fire up and stay running indefinitely. A lot of times this kind of service interface can simply be attached to an existing Web application, or if scalability requires be offloaded to its own Web server.Easier to work withBut the ultimate benefit here is that it's much easier to work with a Web app as opposed to a service. While developing I can simply turn off the auto-launch features and launch the service on demand through IIS simply by hitting a page on the site. If I want to shut down an IISRESET -stop will shut down the service easily enough. I can then attach a debugger anywhere I want and this works like any other ASP.NET application. Yes you end up on a background thread for debugging but Visual Studio handles that just fine and if you stay on a single thread this is no different than debugging any other code.SummaryUsing ASP.NET to run background service operations is probably not a super common scenario, but it probably should be something that is considered carefully when building services. Many applications have service like features and with the auto-start functionality of the Application Initialization module, it's easy to build this functionality into ASP.NET. Especially when combined with the notification features of SignalR it becomes very, very easy to create rich services that can also communicate their status easily to the outside world.Whether it's existing applications that need some background processing for scheduling related tasks, or whether you just create a separate site altogether just to host your service it's easy to do and you can leverage the same tool chain you're already using for other Web projects. If you have lots of service projects it's worth considering… give it some thought…© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2013Posted in ASP.NET  SignalR  IIS   Tweet !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs"); (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

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  • Error loading the report template:org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: cvc-complex-type.2.4.a: Invalid con

    - by Poonam
    hi, i'm newer in jasper reports.i've some problem when i call iReport from jsp....some error occurs at run time as like below :- Error loading the report template: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: cvc-complex-type.2.4.a: Invalid content was found starting with element 'head'. One of '{"http://jasperreports.sourceforge.net/jasperreports":field, "http://jasperreports.sourceforge.net/jasperreports":sortField, "http://jasperreports.sourceforge.net/jasperreports":variable, "http://jasperreports.sourceforge.net/jasperreports":filterExpression, "http://jasperreports.sourceforge.net/jasperreports":group, "http://jasperreports.sourceforge.net/jasperreports":background, "http://jasperreports.sourceforge.net/jasperreports":title, "http://jasperreports.sourceforge.net/jasperreports":pageHeader, "http://jasperreports.sourceforge.net/jasperreports":columnHeader, "http://jasperreports.sourceforge.net/jasperreports":detail, "http://jasperreports.sourceforge.net/jasperreports":columnFooter, "http://jasperreports.sourceforge.net/jasperreports":pageFooter, "http://jasperreports.sourceforge.net/jasperreports":lastPageFooter, "http://jasperreports.sourceforge.net/jasperreports":summary, "http://jasperreports.sourceforge.net/jasperreports":noData}' is expected. if anypne know plz help me. & can give me answer on my email id:- [email protected] thanks in advance....

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  • jqGrid "Loading..." overlay showing "undefined" though grid is working

    - by gurun8
    I have a jqGrid that's working 100% except that it keeps displaying "undefined" in the "Loading..." overlay. I can't really figure it out. It seems like I should only get the "undefined" message if something isn't set right and the grid would cease to work. But that's not the case. scratches head I'm not really sure a code sample would help here, but if anyone would like to see a certain part of my code let me know and I'll included. Has anyone else come across this issue before? I'm probably missing something so simple and small that I can't see it. So my apologies in advance if this is a no-brainer Thanks for your help.

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  • Issue while loading a dll library file... java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: Can't load library

    - by Bhaskara Krishna Mohan Potam
    Hi, While loading a dll file, I am getting the following exception: Exception in thread "main" java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: Can't load library: D:\Transliteration\rlpnc-3.1.0-sdk-ia32-w32-msvc80\rlp\bin\ia32-w32-msvc80\btutiljni.dll at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary(Unknown Source) at java.lang.Runtime.load0(Unknown Source) at java.lang.System.load(Unknown Source) at com.basistech.util.internal.Native.bootstrapUtilitiesJNI(Unknown Source) at com.basistech.util.internal.Native.loadLibrary(Unknown Source) at com.basistech.rnt.jni.(Unknown Source) at com.basistech.rnt.RNTEnvironment.(Unknown Source) at SampleTranslator.(TranslateNameSample.java:88) at TranslateNameSample.main(TranslateNameSample.java:62) not sure about the root cause of the issue. Can anybody help me out in resolving this issue. Thanks, Bhaskar

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  • Error "window" is not defined when loading Protovis from javax.script?

    - by Shane
    I am loading Protovis using javax.script: ScriptEngineManager factory = new ScriptEngineManager(); ScriptEngine engine = factory.getEngineByName(scriptEngine); engine.eval(new java.io.FileReader("protovis-d3.1.js")); But I get the following exception: Exception in thread "main" javax.script.ScriptException: sun.org.mozilla.javascr ipt.internal.EcmaError: ReferenceError: "window" is not defined. (<Unknown sourc e>#5033) in <Unknown source> at line number 5033 at com.sun.script.javascript.RhinoScriptEngine.eval(Unknown Source) at javax.script.AbstractScriptEngine.eval(Unknown Source) at RJScript.EvalScript(RJScript.java:20) at RJScript.main(RJScript.java:26) This same script runs from a browser. Do I need to do something so that the "window" is defined?

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  • Bash Shell Script: Nested Select Statements

    - by CCG121
    I have A Script that has a Select statement to go to multiple sub select statements however once there I can not seem to figure out how to get it to go back to the main script. also if possible i would like it to re-list the options #!/bin/bash PS3='Option = ' MAINOPTIONS="Apache Postfix Dovecot All Quit" APACHEOPTIONS="Restart Start Stop Status" POSTFIXOPTIONS="Restart Start Stop Status" DOVECOTOPTIONS="Restart Start Stop Status" select opt in $MAINOPTIONS; do if [ "$opt" = "Quit" ]; then echo Now Exiting exit elif [ "$opt" = "Apache" ]; then select opt in $APACHEOPTIONS; do if [ "$opt" = "Restart" ]; then sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart elif [ "$opt" = "Start" ]; then sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 start elif [ "$opt" = "Stop" ]; then sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 stop elif [ "$opt" = "Status" ]; then sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 status fi done elif [ "$opt" = "Postfix" ]; then select opt in $POSTFIXOPTIONS; do if [ "$opt" = "Restart" ]; then sudo /etc/init.d/postfix restart elif [ "$opt" = "Start" ]; then sudo /etc/init.d/postfix start elif [ "$opt" = "Stop" ]; then sudo /etc/init.d/postfix stop elif [ "$opt" = "Status" ]; then sudo /etc/init.d/postfix status fi done elif [ "$opt" = "Dovecot" ]; then select opt in $DOVECOTOPTIONS; do if [ "$opt" = "Restart" ]; then sudo /etc/init.d/dovecot restart elif [ "$opt" = "Start" ]; then sudo /etc/init.d/dovecot start elif [ "$opt" = "Stop" ]; then sudo /etc/init.d/dovecot stop elif [ "$opt" = "Status" ]; then sudo /etc/init.d/dovecot status fi done elif [ "$opt" = "All" ]; then sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart sudo /etc/init.d/postfix restart sudo /etc/init.d/dovecot restart fi done

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  • PyML 0.7.2 - How to prevent accuracy from dropping after storing/loading a classifier?

    - by Michael Aaron Safyan
    This is a followup from "Save PyML.classifiers.multi.OneAgainstRest(SVM()) object?". The solution to that question was close, but not quite right, (the SparseDataSet is broken, so attempting to save/load with that dataset container type will fail, no matter what. Also, PyML is inconsistent in terms of whether labels should be numbers or strings... it turns out that the oneAgainstRest function is actually not good enough, because the labels need to be strings and simultaneously convertible to floats, because there are places where it is assumed to be a string and elsewhere converted to float) and so after a great deal of hacking and such I was finally able to figure out a way to save and load my multi-class classifier without it blowing up with an error.... however, although it is no longer giving me an error message, it is still not quite right as the accuracy of the classifier drops significantly when it is saved and then reloaded (so I'm still missing a piece of the puzzle). I am currently using the following custom mutli-class classifier for training, saving, and loading: class SVM(object): def __init__(self,features_or_filename,labels=None,kernel=None): if isinstance(features_or_filename,str): filename=features_or_filename; if labels!=None: raise ValueError,"Labels must be None if loading from a file."; with open(os.path.join(filename,"uniquelabels.list"),"rb") as uniquelabelsfile: self.uniquelabels=sorted(list(set(pickle.load(uniquelabelsfile)))); self.labeltoindex={}; for idx,label in enumerate(self.uniquelabels): self.labeltoindex[label]=idx; self.classifiers=[]; for classidx, classname in enumerate(self.uniquelabels): self.classifiers.append(PyML.classifiers.svm.loadSVM(os.path.join(filename,str(classname)+".pyml.svm"),datasetClass = PyML.VectorDataSet)); else: features=features_or_filename; if labels==None: raise ValueError,"Labels must not be None when training."; self.uniquelabels=sorted(list(set(labels))); self.labeltoindex={}; for idx,label in enumerate(self.uniquelabels): self.labeltoindex[label]=idx; points = [[float(xij) for xij in xi] for xi in features]; self.classifiers=[PyML.SVM(kernel) for label in self.uniquelabels]; for i in xrange(len(self.uniquelabels)): currentlabel=self.uniquelabels[i]; currentlabels=['+1' if k==currentlabel else '-1' for k in labels]; currentdataset=PyML.VectorDataSet(points,L=currentlabels,positiveClass='+1'); self.classifiers[i].train(currentdataset,saveSpace=False); def accuracy(self,pts,labels): logger=logging.getLogger("ml"); correct=0; total=0; classindexes=[self.labeltoindex[label] for label in labels]; h=self.hypotheses(pts); for idx in xrange(len(pts)): if h[idx]==classindexes[idx]: logger.info("RIGHT: Actual \"%s\" == Predicted \"%s\"" %(self.uniquelabels[ classindexes[idx] ], self.uniquelabels[ h[idx] ])); correct+=1; else: logger.info("WRONG: Actual \"%s\" != Predicted \"%s\"" %(self.uniquelabels[ classindexes[idx] ], self.uniquelabels[ h[idx] ])) total+=1; return float(correct)/float(total); def prediction(self,pt): h=self.hypothesis(pt); if h!=None: return self.uniquelabels[h]; return h; def predictions(self,pts): h=self.hypotheses(self,pts); return [self.uniquelabels[x] if x!=None else None for x in h]; def hypothesis(self,pt): bestvalue=None; bestclass=None; dataset=PyML.VectorDataSet([pt]); for classidx, classifier in enumerate(self.classifiers): val=classifier.decisionFunc(dataset,0); if (bestvalue==None) or (val>bestvalue): bestvalue=val; bestclass=classidx; return bestclass; def hypotheses(self,pts): bestvalues=[None for pt in pts]; bestclasses=[None for pt in pts]; dataset=PyML.VectorDataSet(pts); for classidx, classifier in enumerate(self.classifiers): for ptidx in xrange(len(pts)): val=classifier.decisionFunc(dataset,ptidx); if (bestvalues[ptidx]==None) or (val>bestvalues[ptidx]): bestvalues[ptidx]=val; bestclasses[ptidx]=classidx; return bestclasses; def save(self,filename): if not os.path.exists(filename): os.makedirs(filename); with open(os.path.join(filename,"uniquelabels.list"),"wb") as uniquelabelsfile: pickle.dump(self.uniquelabels,uniquelabelsfile,pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL); for classidx, classname in enumerate(self.uniquelabels): self.classifiers[classidx].save(os.path.join(filename,str(classname)+".pyml.svm")); I am using the latest version of PyML (0.7.2, although PyML.__version__ is 0.7.0). When I construct the classifier with a training dataset, the reported accuracy is ~0.87. When I then save it and reload it, the accuracy is less than 0.001. So, there is something here that I am clearly not persisting correctly, although what that may be is completely non-obvious to me. Would you happen to know what that is?

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  • jQuery Cycle Plugin: How to preload first images with a loading background gif then fade in Cycle Sl

    - by Theo Ribeiro
    Hello all, I'm struggling with this, maybe some of you can help... I have a home page slideshow with large images at www.theoribeiro.com using jQuery Cycle plugin Images are large and sometimes with slow connections (but even in fast ones) the behavior of the slideshow start is pretty ugly, showing the image all of a sudden or half-loaded. I want to make sure that at least the 2 or 3 first images are loaded before the slideshow starts and meanwhile I want to run a loading animated gif, then I want to fade in the first image. I searched a lot on the internet and on the forums and tried loads of stuff with my limited knowledge of javascript and jQuery but could't come up with a solution. Any help would be greatly appreciated!!!

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  • IWebBrowser: How to specify the encoding when loading html from a stream?

    - by Ian Boyd
    Using the concepts from the sample code provided by Microsoft for loading HTML content into an IWebBrowser from an IStream using the web browser's IPersistStreamInit interface: HRESULT LoadWebBrowserFromStream(IWebBrowser* pWebBrowser, IStream* pStream) { [snip] } How can one specify the encoding of the html inside the IStream? The IStream will contain a series of bytes, but the problem is what do those bytes represent? They could, for example, contain bytes where: each byte represents a character from the current Windows code-page (e.g. 1252) each byte could represent a character from the ISO-8859-1 character set the bytes could represent UTF-8 encoded characters every 2 bytes could represent a character, using UTF-16 encoding In my particular case, i am providing the IWebBrowser an IStream that contains a series of double-bytes characters (UTF-16), but the browser (incorrectly) believes that UTF-8 encoding is in effect. This results in garbled characters.

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  • PyML 0.7.2 - How to prevent accuracy from dropping after stroing/loading a classifier?

    - by Michael Aaron Safyan
    This is a followup from "Save PyML.classifiers.multi.OneAgainstRest(SVM()) object?". The solution to that question was close, but not quite right, (the SparseDataSet is broken, so attempting to save/load with that dataset container type will fail, no matter what. Also, PyML is inconsistent in terms of whether labels should be numbers or strings... it turns out that the oneAgainstRest function is actually not good enough, because the labels need to be strings and simultaneously convertible to floats, because there are places where it is assumed to be a string and elsewhere converted to float) and so after a great deal of hacking and such I was finally able to figure out a way to save and load my multi-class classifier without it blowing up with an error.... however, although it is no longer giving me an error message, it is still not quite right as the accuracy of the classifier drops significantly when it is saved and then reloaded (so I'm still missing a piece of the puzzle). I am currently using the following custom mutli-class classifier for training, saving, and loading: class SVM(object): def __init__(self,features_or_filename,labels=None,kernel=None): if isinstance(features_or_filename,str): filename=features_or_filename; if labels!=None: raise ValueError,"Labels must be None if loading from a file."; with open(os.path.join(filename,"uniquelabels.list"),"rb") as uniquelabelsfile: self.uniquelabels=sorted(list(set(pickle.load(uniquelabelsfile)))); self.labeltoindex={}; for idx,label in enumerate(self.uniquelabels): self.labeltoindex[label]=idx; self.classifiers=[]; for classidx, classname in enumerate(self.uniquelabels): self.classifiers.append(PyML.classifiers.svm.loadSVM(os.path.join(filename,str(classname)+".pyml.svm"),datasetClass = PyML.VectorDataSet)); else: features=features_or_filename; if labels==None: raise ValueError,"Labels must not be None when training."; self.uniquelabels=sorted(list(set(labels))); self.labeltoindex={}; for idx,label in enumerate(self.uniquelabels): self.labeltoindex[label]=idx; points = [[float(xij) for xij in xi] for xi in features]; self.classifiers=[PyML.SVM(kernel) for label in self.uniquelabels]; for i in xrange(len(self.uniquelabels)): currentlabel=self.uniquelabels[i]; currentlabels=['+1' if k==currentlabel else '-1' for k in labels]; currentdataset=PyML.VectorDataSet(points,L=currentlabels,positiveClass='+1'); self.classifiers[i].train(currentdataset,saveSpace=False); def accuracy(self,pts,labels): logger=logging.getLogger("ml"); correct=0; total=0; classindexes=[self.labeltoindex[label] for label in labels]; h=self.hypotheses(pts); for idx in xrange(len(pts)): if h[idx]==classindexes[idx]: logger.info("RIGHT: Actual \"%s\" == Predicted \"%s\"" %(self.uniquelabels[ classindexes[idx] ], self.uniquelabels[ h[idx] ])); correct+=1; else: logger.info("WRONG: Actual \"%s\" != Predicted \"%s\"" %(self.uniquelabels[ classindexes[idx] ], self.uniquelabels[ h[idx] ])) total+=1; return float(correct)/float(total); def prediction(self,pt): h=self.hypothesis(pt); if h!=None: return self.uniquelabels[h]; return h; def predictions(self,pts): h=self.hypotheses(self,pts); return [self.uniquelabels[x] if x!=None else None for x in h]; def hypothesis(self,pt): bestvalue=None; bestclass=None; dataset=PyML.VectorDataSet([pt]); for classidx, classifier in enumerate(self.classifiers): val=classifier.decisionFunc(dataset,0); if (bestvalue==None) or (val>bestvalue): bestvalue=val; bestclass=classidx; return bestclass; def hypotheses(self,pts): bestvalues=[None for pt in pts]; bestclasses=[None for pt in pts]; dataset=PyML.VectorDataSet(pts); for classidx, classifier in enumerate(self.classifiers): for ptidx in xrange(len(pts)): val=classifier.decisionFunc(dataset,ptidx); if (bestvalues[ptidx]==None) or (val>bestvalues[ptidx]): bestvalues[ptidx]=val; bestclasses[ptidx]=classidx; return bestclasses; def save(self,filename): if not os.path.exists(filename): os.makedirs(filename); with open(os.path.join(filename,"uniquelabels.list"),"wb") as uniquelabelsfile: pickle.dump(self.uniquelabels,uniquelabelsfile,pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL); for classidx, classname in enumerate(self.uniquelabels): self.classifiers[classidx].save(os.path.join(filename,str(classname)+".pyml.svm")); I am using the latest version of PyML (0.7.2, although PyML.__version__ is 0.7.0). When I construct the classifier with a training dataset, the reported accuracy is ~0.87. When I then save it and reload it, the accuracy is less than 0.001. So, there is something here that I am clearly not persisting correctly, although what that may be is completely non-obvious to me. Would you happen to know what that is?

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