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  • Should I implement an interface directly or have the superclass do it?

    - by c_maker
    Is there a difference between public class A extends AbstractB implements C {...} versus... public class A extends AbstractB {...} AbstractB implements C {...} I understand that in both cases, class A will end up conforming to the interface. In the second case, AbstractB can provide implementation for interface methods in C. Is that the only difference? If I do NOT want to provide an implementation for any of the interface methods in AbstractB, which style should I be using? Does using one or the other have some hidden 'documentation' purpose?

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  • If you need more than 3 levels of indentation, you're screwed?

    - by jokoon
    Per the Linux kernel coding style document: The answer to that is that if you need more than 3 levels of indentation, you're screwed anyway, and should fix your program. What can I deduct from this quote? On top of the fact that too long methods are hard to maintain, are they hard or impossible to optimize for the compiler? I don't really understand if this quote encourages better coding practice or is really a mathematical / algorithmic sort of truth. I also read in some C++ optimizing guide that dividing up a program into more function improves its design is a common thing taught at school, but it should be not done too much, since it can turn into a lot of JMP calls (even if the compiler can inline some methods by itself).

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  • "more than 3 levels of indentation, you're screwed" How should I understand this quote ?

    - by jokoon
    The answer to that is that if you need more than 3 levels of indentation, you're screwed anyway, and should fix your program. What can I deduct from this quote ? On top of the fact that too long methods are hard to maintain, are they hard or impossible to optimize for the compiler ? I don't really understand if this quote encourages better coding practice or is really a mathematical/algorithmic sort of truth... I also read in some C++ optimizing guide that dividing up a program into more function improves its design is a common thing taught at school, but it should be not done too much, since it can turn into a lot of JMP calls (even if the compiler can inline some methods by itself).

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  • How is this "interface"-like structure/pattern called?

    - by Sebastian Negraszus
    Let's assume we have an XmlDoc class that contains basic functionality for dealing with an XML data structure and saving/loading data to/from a file. Now we have several subclasses, A, B and C. They all inherit from XmlDoc and add component-specific methods for setting and getting lots of data. They are like "interfaces" but also add an implementation for the signatures. Finally, we have an ABCDoc class that joins all the "interfaces" via virtual multiple inheritence and adds some ABCDoc-specific stuff, such as using XMLDoc-methods to set an appropriate doc type. We may also have an ADoc class for only saving A data. How is this pattern called? "Interface" is not really the right word since interfaces usually do not contain an implementation. Bonus points for C++ code conventions.

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  • Need Information On Importing Data Into The Oracle Product Hub?

    - by LuciaC
    One of the key challenges of implementing a Master Data Management solution is importing data into the system. Oracle Product Hub offers numerous ways of importing the setup data and the actual product data.  Review all available methods to import data in the White Paper Doc ID 1504980.1 which provides details and examples of each method, discusses special cases, and provides some troubleshooting tips.The methods reviewed include:     FNDLOAD     iSetup     Interfaces and Public APIs     Import from Excel     Web Application Desktop Integrator     Webservices

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  • OOP PHP make separate classes or one

    - by user2956219
    I'm studying OOP PHP and working on a small personal project but I have hard time grasping some concepts. Let's say I have a list of items, each item belongs to subcategory, and each subcategory belongs to category. So should I make separate classes for category (with methods to list all categories, add new category, delete category), class for subcategories and class for items? Or should I make creating, listing and deleting categories as methods for item class? Both category and subcategory are very simple and basically consist of ID, Name and parentID (for subcategory).

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  • What is the better design decision approach?

    - by palm snow
    I have two classes (MyFoo1 and MyFoo2) that share some common functionality. So far it does not seem like I need any polymorphic inheritence but at this point I am considering the following options: Have the common functionality in a utility class. Both of these classes call these methods from that utility class. Have an abstract class and implement common methods in that abstract class. Then derive MyFoo1 and MyFoo2 from that abstract class. Any suggestion on what would be a better design decision?

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  • "Collection Wrapper" pattern - is this common?

    - by Prog
    A different question of mine had to do with encapsulating member data structures inside classes. In order to understand this question better please read that question and look at the approach discussed. One of the guys who answered that question said that the approach is good, but if I understood him correctly - he said that there should be a class existing just for the purpose of wrapping the collection, instead of an ordinary class offering a number of public methods just to access the member collection. For example, instead of this: class SomeClass{ // downright exposing the concrete collection. Things[] someCollection; // other stuff omitted Thing[] getCollection(){return someCollection;} } Or this: class SomeClass{ // encapsulating the collection, but inflating the class' public interface. Thing[] someCollection; // class functionality omitted. public Thing getThing(int index){ return someCollection[index]; } public int getSize(){ return someCollection.length; } public void setThing(int index, Thing thing){ someCollection[index] = thing; } public void removeThing(int index){ someCollection[index] = null; } } We'll have this: // encapsulating the collection - in a different class, dedicated to this. class SomeClass{ CollectionWrapper someCollection; CollectionWrapper getCollection(){return someCollection;} } class CollectionWrapper{ Thing[] someCollection; public Thing getThing(int index){ return someCollection[index]; } public int getSize(){ return someCollection.length; } public void setThing(int index, Thing thing){ someCollection[index] = thing; } public void removeThing(int index){ someCollection[index] = null; } } This way, the inner data structure in SomeClass can change without affecting client code, and without forcing SomeClass to offer a lot of public methods just to access the inner collection. CollectionWrapper does this instead. E.g. if the collection changes from an array to a List, the internal implementation of CollectionWrapper changes, but client code stays the same. Also, the CollectionWrapper can hide certain things from the client code - from example, it can disallow mutation to the collection by not having the methods setThing and removeThing. This approach to decoupling client code from the concrete data structure seems IMHO pretty good. Is this approach common? What are it's downfalls? Is this used in practice?

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  • System Virtualization

    Methods and applications of system virtualization using Intel virtualization technology Intel Corporation - Intel - Companies - Product Support - Hardware

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  • If you need more than 3 levels of indentation, you're screwed?

    - by jokoon
    Per the Linux kernel coding style document: The answer to that is that if you need more than 3 levels of indentation, you're screwed anyway, and should fix your program. What can I deduce from this quote? On top of the fact that too long methods are hard to maintain, are they hard or impossible to optimize for the compiler? I don't really understand if this quote encourages better coding practice or is really a mathematical / algorithmic sort of truth. I also read in some C++ optimizing guide that "dividing up a program into more functions improves its design" is frequently taught in CS courses, but it should be not done too much, since it can turn into a lot of JMP calls (even if the compiler can inline some methods by itself).

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  • iPhone SDK / Objective C Syntax Question

    - by Koppo
    To all, I was looking at the sample project from http://iphoneonrails.com/ and I saw they took the NSObject class and added methods to it for the SOAP calls. Their sample project can be downloaded from here http://iphoneonrails.com/downloads/objective_resource-1.01.zip. My question is related to my lack of knowledge on the following syntax as I haven't seen it yet in a iPhone project. There is a header file called NSObject+ObjectiveResource.h where they declare and change NSObject to have extra methods for this project. Is the "+ObjectiveResource.h" in the name there a special syntax or is that just the naming convention of the developers. Finally inside the class NSObject we have the following #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @interface NSObject (ObjectiveResource) // Response Formats typedef enum { XmlResponse = 0, JSONResponse, } ORSResponseFormat; // Resource configuration + (NSString *)getRemoteSite; + (void)setRemoteSite:(NSString*)siteURL; + (NSString *)getRemoteUser; + (void)setRemoteUser:(NSString *)user; + (NSString *)getRemotePassword; + (void)setRemotePassword:(NSString *)password; + (SEL)getRemoteParseDataMethod; + (void)setRemoteParseDataMethod:(SEL)parseMethod; + (SEL) getRemoteSerializeMethod; + (void) setRemoteSerializeMethod:(SEL)serializeMethod; + (NSString *)getRemoteProtocolExtension; + (void)setRemoteProtocolExtension:(NSString *)protocolExtension; + (void)setRemoteResponseType:(ORSResponseFormat) format; + (ORSResponseFormat)getRemoteResponseType; // Finders + (NSArray *)findAllRemote; + (NSArray *)findAllRemoteWithResponse:(NSError **)aError; + (id)findRemote:(NSString *)elementId; + (id)findRemote:(NSString *)elementId withResponse:(NSError **)aError; // URL construction accessors + (NSString *)getRemoteElementName; + (NSString *)getRemoteCollectionName; + (NSString *)getRemoteElementPath:(NSString *)elementId; + (NSString *)getRemoteCollectionPath; + (NSString *)getRemoteCollectionPathWithParameters:(NSDictionary *)parameters; + (NSString *)populateRemotePath:(NSString *)path withParameters:(NSDictionary *)parameters; // Instance-specific methods - (id)getRemoteId; - (void)setRemoteId:(id)orsId; - (NSString *)getRemoteClassIdName; - (BOOL)createRemote; - (BOOL)createRemoteWithResponse:(NSError **)aError; - (BOOL)createRemoteWithParameters:(NSDictionary *)parameters; - (BOOL)createRemoteWithParameters:(NSDictionary *)parameters andResponse:(NSError **)aError; - (BOOL)destroyRemote; - (BOOL)destroyRemoteWithResponse:(NSError **)aError; - (BOOL)updateRemote; - (BOOL)updateRemoteWithResponse:(NSError **)aError; - (BOOL)saveRemote; - (BOOL)saveRemoteWithResponse:(NSError **)aError; - (BOOL)createRemoteAtPath:(NSString *)path withResponse:(NSError **)aError; - (BOOL)updateRemoteAtPath:(NSString *)path withResponse:(NSError **)aError; - (BOOL)destroyRemoteAtPath:(NSString *)path withResponse:(NSError **)aError; // Instance helpers for getting at commonly used class-level values - (NSString *)getRemoteCollectionPath; - (NSString *)convertToRemoteExpectedType; //Equality test for remote enabled objects based on class name and remote id - (BOOL)isEqualToRemote:(id)anObject; - (NSUInteger)hashForRemote; @end What is the "ObjectiveResource" in the () mean for NSObject? What is that telling Xcode and the compiler about what is happening..? After that things look normal to me as they have various static and instance methods. I know that by doing this all user classes that inherit from NSObject now have all the extra methods for this project. My question is what is the parenthesis are doing after the NSObject. Is that referencing a header file, or is that letting the compiler know that this class is being over ridden. Thanks again and my apologies ahead of time if this is a dumb question but just trying to learn what I lack.

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  • Dual AJAX Requests at different times

    - by Nik
    Alright, I'm trying to make an AJAX Chat system that polls the chat database every 400ms. That part is working, the part of which isn't is the Active User List. When I try to combine the two requests, the first two requests are made, then the whole thing snowballs and the usually timed (12 second) Active User List request starts updating every 1ms and the first request NEVER happens again. Displayed is the entire AJAX code for both requests: var waittime=400;chatmsg=document.getElementById("chatmsg"); room = document.getElementById("roomid").value; chatmsg.focus() document.getElementById("chatwindow").innerHTML = "loading..."; document.getElementById("userwindow").innerHTML = "Loading User List..."; var xmlhttp = false; var xmlhttp2 = false; var xmlhttp3 = false; function ajax_read(url) { if(window.XMLHttpRequest){ xmlhttp=new XMLHttpRequest(); if(xmlhttp.overrideMimeType){ xmlhttp.overrideMimeType('text/xml'); } } else if(window.ActiveXObject){ try{ xmlhttp=new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP"); } catch(e) { try{ xmlhttp=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); } catch(e){ } } } if(!xmlhttp) { alert('Giving up :( Cannot create an XMLHTTP instance'); return false; } xmlhttp.onreadystatechange = function() { if (xmlhttp.readyState==4) { document.getElementById("chatwindow").innerHTML = xmlhttp.responseText; setTimeout("ajax_read('methods.php?method=r&room=" + room +"')", waittime); } } xmlhttp.open('GET',url,true); xmlhttp.send(null); } function user_read(url) { if(window.XMLHttpRequest){ xmlhttp3=new XMLHttpRequest(); if(xmlhttp3.overrideMimeType){ xmlhttp3.overrideMimeType('text/xml'); } } else if(window.ActiveXObject){ try{ xmlhttp3=new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP"); } catch(e) { try{ xmlhttp3=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); } catch(e){ } } } if(!xmlhttp3) { alert('Giving up :( Cannot create an XMLHTTP instance'); return false; } xmlhttp3.onreadystatechange = function() { if (xmlhttp3.readyState==4) { document.getElementById("userwindow").innerHTML = xmlhttp3.responseText; setTimeout("ajax_read('methods.php?method=u&room=" + room +"')", 12000); } } xmlhttp3.open('GET',url,true); xmlhttp3.send(null); } function ajax_write(url){ if(window.XMLHttpRequest){ xmlhttp2=new XMLHttpRequest(); if(xmlhttp2.overrideMimeType){ xmlhttp2.overrideMimeType('text/xml'); } } else if(window.ActiveXObject){ try{ xmlhttp2=new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP"); } catch(e) { try{ xmlhttp2=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); } catch(e){ } } } if(!xmlhttp2) { alert('Giving up :( Cannot create an XMLHTTP instance'); return false; } xmlhttp2.open('GET',url,true); xmlhttp2.send(null); } function submit_msg(){ nick = document.getElementById("chatnick").value; msg = document.getElementById("chatmsg").value; document.getElementById("chatmsg").value = ""; ajax_write("methods.php?method=w&m=" + msg + "&n=" + nick + "&room=" + room + ""); } function keyup(arg1) { if (arg1 == 13) submit_msg(); } var intUpdate = setTimeout("ajax_read('methods.php')", waittime); var intUpdate = setTimeout("user_read('methods.php')", waittime);

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  • Qt drag & drop button; drop not detecting

    - by Thomas Verbeke
    I'm creating a 2D game in QT and i'm trying to implement a drag & drop into my program. For some reason the drop is not registered: qDebug should print a message on dropping but this doesn't happen. #include "dialog.h" #include "ui_dialog.h" #include "world.h" #include <vector> Dialog::Dialog(QWidget *parent) : QDialog(parent), ui(new Ui::Dialog) { ui->setupUi(this); scene = new QGraphicsScene(this); ui->graphicsView->setScene(scene); MySquare *item; QGraphicsRectItem *enemyItem; World *myWorld = new World(); std::vector<Tile*> tiles = myWorld->createWorld(":/texture.jpg"); int count = 0; foreach (Tile *tile, tiles){ count++; item = new MySquare(tile->getXPos()*4,tile->getYPos()*4,4,4); item->setBrush(QColor(tile->getValue()*255,tile->getValue()*255,tile->getValue()*255)); item->setAcceptDrops(true); scene->addItem(item); } player = new MySquare(10,20,10,10); player->setAcceptDrops(true); scene->addItem(player); //drag & drop part QPushButton *pushButton = new QPushButton("Click Me",this); connect(pushButton,SIGNAL(pressed()),this,SLOT(makeDrag())); setAcceptDrops(true); } void Dialog::makeDrag() { QDrag *dr = new QDrag(this); // The data to be transferred by the drag and drop operation is contained in a QMimeData object QMimeData *data = new QMimeData; data->setText("This is a test"); // Assign ownership of the QMimeData object to the QDrag object. dr->setMimeData(data); // Start the drag and drop operation dr->start(); } mysquare.cpp #include "mysquare.h" MySquare::MySquare(int _x,int _y, int _w, int _h) { isPlayer=false; Pressed=false; setFlag(ItemIsMovable); setFlag(ItemIsFocusable); setAcceptDrops(true); color=Qt::red; color_pressed = Qt::green; x = _x; y = _y; w = _w; h = _h; } QRectF MySquare::boundingRect() const { return QRectF(x,y,w,h); } void MySquare::paint(QPainter *painter, const QStyleOptionGraphicsItem *option, QWidget *widget) { QRectF rec = boundingRect(); QBrush brush(color); if (Pressed){ brush.setColor(color); } else { brush.setColor(color_pressed); } painter->fillRect(rec,brush); painter->drawRect(rec); } void MySquare::mousePressEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event) { Pressed=true; update(); QGraphicsItem::mousePressEvent(event); qDebug() << "mouse Pressed"; } void MySquare::mouseReleaseEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event) { Pressed=false; update(); QGraphicsItem::mousePressEvent(event); qDebug() << "mouse Released"; } void MySquare::keyPressEvent(QKeyEvent *event){ int x = pos().x(); int y = pos().y(); //key handling QGraphicsItem::keyPressEvent(event); } void MySquare::dropEvent(QDropEvent *event) { qDebug("dropEvent - square"); // Unpack dropped data and handle it the way you want qDebug("Contents: %s", event->mimeData()->text().toLatin1().data()); } void MySquare::dragMoveEvent(QDragMoveEvent *event){ qDebug("dragMoveEvent - square "); event->accept(); } void MySquare::dragEnterEvent(QDragEnterEvent *event){ event->setAccepted(true); qDebug("dragEnterEvent - square"); event->acceptProposedAction(); } void MySquare::setBrush(QColor _color){ color = _color; color_pressed = _color; update(); //repaint } edit; there is no problem with qDebug() i'm just using it to test them i'm inside the drag events..which i'm not

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  • Calling class in Java after editing file used in as source for table

    - by user2892290
    I'm currently working on a project, I'll try to subrscibe first. I save data into text file, that I use as a source for browser of that data. The browser is based on table that contains the data. I have to rewrite the source file everytime I delete or edit data. That's where the problem comes in. After deleting or editing data I call a method to create the table again, but the table never creates. Is it possibly made by editing the file and calling the method right after that? If I restart my app the table is successfully created with right data. Take in note that I don't get any error message. This is the method I use for loading data from source file: try (BufferedReader input1 = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("./src/data.src"))) { int lines = 0; while (input1.read() != -1) { if (!(input1.readLine()).equals("")) { lines++; } } input1.close(); if (lines == 0) { JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "No data to load, create a note first!"); new Writer().build(frame); } else { try (BufferedReader input = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("./src/data.src"))) { Game[] g = new Game[lines]; String currentLine; String[] help; int counter = 0; while (lines > 0) { currentLine = input.readLine(); help = currentLine.split("#"); g[counter] = new Game(help[0],help[1], help[2], help[3], help[4], help[5], help[6], help[7], help[8], help[9]); counter++; lines--; } input.close(); final JButton bButton = new backButton().create(frame, mPanel); build(g, frame, bButton); mPanel.add(panel); mPanel.add(panel2); mPanel.add(searchPanel); mPanel.add(bButton); bButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { frame.setCursor(Cursor.getPredefinedCursor(Cursor.WAIT_CURSOR)); panel.removeAll(); frame.setCursor(Cursor.getDefaultCursor()); } }); mPanel.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(1000, 750)); panel.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(10, 10, 10, 10)); frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout()); frame.add(mPanel); frame.pack(); JMenuBar menuBar = new Menu().create(frame, mPanel); frame.setJMenuBar(menuBar); frame.setVisible(true); Rectangle rec = GraphicsEnvironment.getLocalGraphicsEnvironment().getMaximumWindowBounds(); int width = (int) rec.getWidth(); int height = (int) rec.getHeight(); frame.setBounds(1, 3, width, height); frame.addComponentListener(new ComponentAdapter() { @Override public void componentMoved(ComponentEvent e) { frame.setLocation(1, 3); } }); And this is the method I use for creating the table: String[][] tableData = new String[g.length][9]; for (int i = 0; i < tableData.length; i++) { tableData[i][0] = g[i].getChampion(); tableData[i][1] = g[i].getRole(); tableData[i][2] = g[i].getEnemy(); tableData[i][3] = g[i].getDifficulty(); tableData[i][4] = g[i].getResult(); tableData[i][5] = g[i].getScore(); tableData[i][6] = g[i].getGameType(); tableData[i][7] = g[i].getPoints(); tableData[i][8] = g[i].getLeague(); } final JLabel searchLabel = new JLabel("Search for champion played."); final JButton searchButton = new JButton("Search"); final JTextField searchText = new JTextField(20); frame.setTitle("LoL Notepad - reading your notes"); JTable table = new JTable(tableData, columnNames); final JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(table); scrollPane.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(980, 500)); panel2.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(1000, 550)); panel2.setVisible(false); panel2.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(10, 10, 10, 10)); panel3.setVisible(false); panel.setLayout(new FlowLayout()); panel.add(scrollPane); searchPanel.add(searchLabel); searchPanel.add(searchText); searchPanel.add(searchButton); searchButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { try { frame.setCursor(Cursor.getPredefinedCursor(Cursor.WAIT_CURSOR)); search(g, searchText.getText(), frame, bButton); frame.setCursor(Cursor.getDefaultCursor()); } catch (IOException ex) { Logger.getLogger(Reader.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex); } } }); table.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() { @Override public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) { if (e.getClickCount() == 1) { JTable target = (JTable) e.getSource(); panel.setVisible(false); searchPanel.setVisible(false); bButton.setVisible(false); int row = target.getSelectedRow(); specific(row, g, frame, bButton); } } });

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  • How can I enable PHP5 for a site? Having problems with every single method.

    - by John Stephens
    I'm working on a client site that is hosted on someone's DIY Debian Linux server [Apache/1.3.33 (Debian GNU/Linux)], and I'm trying to install a script that requires PHP5. By default, the server parses .php files with PHP 4.3.10-22, which is configured at /etc/php4/apache/php.ini, according to phpinfo(). On the server I can see a config directory for PHP5 adjacent to the PHP4 directory: /etc/php5.0/apache2/php.ini. I have tried multiple methods to enable PHP5 for the document root where the site's files are hosted, including all available methods mentioned here. By far, the most common suggestion I've found is to add one or both of the following lines to the site's .htaccess file: AddHandler application/x-httpd-php5 .php AddType application/x-httpd-php5 .php Trouble is, when either or both of those lines are present, the site forces my browser to download any .php files requested, without parsing the PHP at all. All of the other methods mentioned in the above article cause a 500 Internal Server Error. There is no hosting control panel I can access in a browser to enable PHP5 for the site, but I do have shell access. When I asked the server administrator about this issue, he encouraged me to search for the answer on Google. Where could I begin to troubleshoot this issue? Are there ways to test or verify the server's specific PHP5 installation and configuration, using the command line or some other method? Do you have other suggestions to enable PHP5?

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  • determine complex type from a primitive type using reflection

    - by Nilotpal Das
    I am writing a tool where I need to reflect upon methods and if the parameters of the methods are complex type, then I need to certain type of actions such as instantiating them etc. Now I saw the IsPrimitive property in the Type variable. However, it shows string and decimal as complex types, which technically isn't incorrect. However what I really want is to be able to distinguish developer created class types from system defined data types. Is there any way that I can do this?

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  • C# serial port driver wrapper class code and concept quality

    - by Ruben Trancoso
    Hi folks, Would like to know from all you guys what you think about my Serial Wrapper class. Had be a while I've beem working with serial port but never shared the code what somekind make closed to my very own vision. Would like to know if it's a good/bad approach, if the interface is enough and what more you see on it. I know that Stackoverflow is for question but at the same time there's a lot of very good skilled people here and share code and opinion can also bennefit everybody, it's why I decided to post it anyway. thanks! using System.Text; using System.IO; using System.IO.Ports; using System; namespace Driver { class SerialSingleton { // The singleton instance reference private static SerialSingleton instance = null; // System's serial port interface private SerialPort serial; // Current com port identifier private string comPort = null; // Configuration parameters private int confBaudRate; private int confDataBits; private StopBits confStopBits; private Parity confParityControl; ASCIIEncoding encoding = new ASCIIEncoding(); // ================================================================================== // Constructors public static SerialSingleton getInstance() { if (instance == null) { instance = new SerialSingleton(); } return instance; } private SerialSingleton() { serial = new SerialPort(); } // =================================================================================== // Setup Methods public string ComPort { get { return comPort; } set { if (value == null) { throw new SerialException("Serial port name canot be null."); } if (nameIsComm(value)) { close(); comPort = value; } else { throw new SerialException("Serial Port '" + value + "' is not a valid com port."); } } } public void setSerial(string baudRate, int dataBits, StopBits stopBits, Parity parityControl) { if (baudRate == null) { throw new SerialException("Baud rate cannot be null"); } string[] baudRateRef = { "300", "600", "1200", "1800", "2400", "3600", "4800", "7200", "9600", "14400", "19200", "28800", "38400", "57600", "115200" }; int confBaudRate; if (findString(baudRateRef, baudRate) != -1) { confBaudRate = System.Convert.ToInt32(baudRate); } else { throw new SerialException("Baurate parameter invalid."); } int confDataBits; switch (dataBits) { case 5: confDataBits = 5; break; case 6: confDataBits = 6; break; case 7: confDataBits = 7; break; case 8: confDataBits = 8; break; default: throw new SerialException("Databits parameter invalid"); } if (stopBits == StopBits.None) { throw new SerialException("StopBits parameter cannot be NONE"); } this.confBaudRate = confBaudRate; this.confDataBits = confDataBits; this.confStopBits = stopBits; this.confParityControl = parityControl; } // ================================================================================== public string[] PortList { get { return SerialPort.GetPortNames(); } } public int PortCount { get { return SerialPort.GetPortNames().Length; } } // ================================================================================== // Open/Close Methods public void open() { open(comPort); } private void open(string comPort) { if (isOpen()) { throw new SerialException("Serial Port is Already open"); } else { if (comPort == null) { throw new SerialException("Serial Port not defined. Cannot open"); } bool found = false; if (nameIsComm(comPort)) { string portId; string[] portList = SerialPort.GetPortNames(); for (int i = 0; i < portList.Length; i++) { portId = (portList[i]); if (portId.Equals(comPort)) { found = true; break; } } } else { throw new SerialException("The com port identifier '" + comPort + "' is not a valid serial port identifier"); } if (!found) { throw new SerialException("Serial port '" + comPort + "' not found"); } serial.PortName = comPort; try { serial.Open(); } catch (UnauthorizedAccessException uaex) { throw new SerialException("Cannot open a serial port in use by another application", uaex); } try { serial.BaudRate = confBaudRate; serial.DataBits = confDataBits; serial.Parity = confParityControl; serial.StopBits = confStopBits; } catch (Exception e) { throw new SerialException("Serial port parameter invalid for '" + comPort + "'.\n" + e.Message, e); } } } public void close() { if (serial.IsOpen) { serial.Close(); } } // =================================================================================== // Auxiliary private Methods private int findString(string[] set, string search) { if (set != null) { for (int i = 0; i < set.Length; i++) { if (set[i].Equals(search)) { return i; } } } return -1; } private bool nameIsComm(string name) { int comNumber; int.TryParse(name.Substring(3), out comNumber); if (name.Substring(0, 3).Equals("COM")) { if (comNumber > -1 && comNumber < 256) { return true; } } return false; } // ================================================================================= // Device state Methods public bool isOpen() { return serial.IsOpen; } public bool hasData() { int amount = serial.BytesToRead; if (amount > 0) { return true; } else { return false; } } // ================================================================================== // Input Methods public char getChar() { int data = serial.ReadByte(); return (char)data; } public int getBytes(ref byte[] b) { int size = b.Length; char c; int counter = 0; for (counter = 0; counter < size; counter++) { if (tryGetChar(out c)) { b[counter] = (byte)c; } else { break; } } return counter; } public string getStringUntil(char x) { char c; string response = ""; while (tryGetChar(out c)) { response = response + c; if (c == x) { break; } } return response; } public bool tryGetChar(out char c) { c = (char)0x00; byte[] b = new byte[1]; long to = 10; long ft = System.Environment.TickCount + to; while (System.Environment.TickCount < ft) { if (hasData()) { int data = serial.ReadByte(); c = (char)data; return true; } } return false; } // ================================================================================ // Output Methods public void sendString(string data) { byte[] bytes = encoding.GetBytes(data); serial.Write(bytes, 0, bytes.Length); } public void sendChar(char c) { char[] data = new char[1]; data[0] = c; serial.Write(data, 0, 1); } public void sendBytes(byte[] data) { serial.Write(data, 0, data.Length); } public void clearBuffer() { if (serial.IsOpen) { serial.DiscardInBuffer(); serial.DiscardOutBuffer(); } } } }

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  • I dont understand Access modifiers in OOP (JAVA)

    - by Imran
    I know this is a silly question but i don't understand Access Modifiers in OOP. Why do we make for example in JAVA instance variables private and then use public getter and setter methods to access them? I mean whats the reasoning/logic behind this? You still get to the instance variable but why use setter and getter methods when you can just make your variables public? please excuse my ignorance as i'm simply trying to understand why we do this? Thank you in advance;-)

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