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  • Why operator= returns reference not const reference

    - by outmind
    The original question is related to overloading operator= and I like to share my findings as it was nontrivial for me to find them. I cannot imagine reasonable example to use (a=b) as lvalue. With the help of IRC and google I've found the next article: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/cc301415.aspx it provides two examples. (a=b)=c f(T& ); f(a=b) but both a bit not good, as first violate associativity and I believe that it is bad practice. The second one give me the same feeling. Could you provide more good examples why it should be non constant?

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  • Why is this Python class copying another class contents?

    - by fjfnaranjo
    Hello guys. I'm trying to understand an estrange behavior in Python. I have the next python code: class IntContainer: listOfInts = [] def __init__(self, initListOfInts): for i in initListOfInts: self.listOfInts.append(i) def printInts(self): print self.listOfInts if __name__ == "__main__": intsGroup1 = [1,2,3,4] intsGroup2 = [4,5,6,7] intsGroups = [intsGroup1,intsGroup2] intsContainers = [] for ig in intsGroups: newIntContainer = IntContainer(ig) intsContainers.append(newIntContainer) for ic in intsContainers: print ic.listOfInts I expect to get something like: [1, 2, 3, 4] [4, 5, 6, 7] But i get: [1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7] [1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7] I have check the next question: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1876905/why-is-python-reusing-a-class-instance-inside-in-function And a lot of Python reference, but I can not understand what is happening. I think is related with the newIntContainer identifier reutilization, but I do not understand it deeply. Why Python appears to reused the last reference for the new object, even if I have added it to a permanent list? What can I do to resolve this behavior? Thanks ;)

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  • C++ vector reference parameter

    - by Archanimus
    Hello folks, let's say we have a class class MyClass { vector<vector<int > > myMatrice; public : MyClass(vector<vector<int > > &); } MyClass::MyClass(vector<vector<int > > & m) { myMatrice = m; } During the instanciation of MyClass, I pass a big vector < vector < int and I find that the object is actually copied and not only the reference, so it takes the double of the memory ... Please, can anyone help me out with this problem, I'm stuck since too many time ... And thanks a lot!

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  • Perl, `push` to array reference

    - by Mike
    Is it possible to push to an array reference in Perl? Googling has suggested I deference the array first, but this doesn't really work. It pushes to the deferenced array, not the referenced array. For example, my @a = (); my $a_ref = [@a]; push(@$a_ref,"hello"); print $a[0]; @a will not be updated and this code will fail because the array is still empty (I'm still learning Perl references, so this might be an incredibly simple question. Sorry if so)

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  • C++ Reference of vector

    - by void
    Hello, class Refvect { public: vector<int> &refv; Refvect(int t, vector<int> &refv = vector<int>()) : refv(refv) { }; void operator()() { refv.clear(); } }; int main () { Refvect r(0); r(); } With Visual Studio 2010, this gives me an error : "vector iterators incompatible" at the execution, but I don't understand why (but I can insert elements in refv without any problem). The temporary object vector() lives as long as the reference, no?

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  • Reference and Value confusion

    - by rgamber
    Hi I read this question on Stack overflow, and tried to do an example. I had the below code: public static void main(String[] args){ int i = 5; Integer I = new Integer(5); increasePrimitive(i); increaseObject(I); System.out.println(i); //Prints 5 - correct System.out.println(I); //Still prints 5 System.out.println(increaseObject2(I)); //Still prints 5 } public static void increasePrimitive(int n){ n++; } public static void increaseObject(Integer n){ n++; } public static int increaseObject2(Integer n){ return n++; } Does the increaseObject print 5 because the value of reference is changing inside that function? Am I right? I am confused why the increasedObject2 prints 5 and not 6. Can anyone please explain?

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  • Regular Expressions Quick Reference

    - by Jan Goyvaerts
    The Regular-Expressions.info website has a new quick reference to regular expressions that lists all of the regex syntax in one single table along with a link to the tutorial section that explains the syntax. The quick reference is ordered by syntax whereas the full reference tables are ordered by feature. There are multiple entries for some of the syntax as different regex flavors may use the same syntax for different features. Use the quick reference if you’ve seen some syntax in somebody else’s regex and you have no idea what feature that syntax is for. Use the full reference tables if you already know the feature you want but forgot which syntax to use. Of course, an even quicker reference is to paste your regex into RegexBuddy, select the application you’re working with, and click on the part of the regex you don’t understand. RegexBuddy then selects the corresponding node in its regex tree which summarizes exactly what the syntax you clicked on does in your regex. If you need more information, press F1 or click the Explain Token button to open the relevant page in the regex tutorial in RegexBuddy’s help file.

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  • SQL SERVER – Best Reference – Wait Type – Day 27 of 28

    - by pinaldave
    I have great learning experience to write my article series on Extended Event. This was truly learning experience where I have learned way more than I would have learned otherwise. Besides my blog series there was excellent quality reference available on internet which one can use to learn this subject further. Here is the list of resources (in no particular order): sys.dm_os_wait_stats (Book OnLine) – This is excellent beginning point and official documentations on the wait types description. SQL Server Best Practices Article by Tom Davidson – I think this document goes without saying the BEST reference available on this subject. Performance Tuning with Wait Statistics by Joe Sack – One of the best slide deck available on this subject. It covers many real world scenarios. Wait statistics, or please tell me where it hurts by Paul Randal – Notes from real world from SQL Server Skilled Master Paul Randal. The SQL Server Wait Type Repository… by Bob Ward – A thorough article on wait types and its resolution. A MUST read. Tracking Session and Statement Level Waits by by Jonathan Kehayias – A unique article on the subject where wait stats and extended events are together. Wait Stats Introductory References By Jimmy May – Excellent collection of the reference links. Great Resource On SQL Server Wait Types by Glenn Berry – A perfect DMV to find top wait stats. Performance Blog by Idera – In depth article on top of the wait statistics in community. I have listed all the reference I have found in no particular order. If I have missed any good reference, please leave a comment and I will add the reference in the list. Read all the post in the Wait Types and Queue series. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Tracking Session and Statement Level Waits Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL Wait Stats, SQL Wait Types, T SQL, Technology

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  • Meta tags with html special character codes?

    - by GEspinha
    This question is regarding best practices on SEO development meta tag filling. A name written in the Latin or the Cyrillic alphabet has certain special characters, such as the ccedil C, for example. When populating meta tags and other SEO assets in a page, what should be used, the HTML character code (for the given example: &ccedil;), the actual character or another character that looks close (using a C for the given example)?

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  • Moving Character in C# XNA Not working

    - by Matthew Stenquist
    I'm having trouble trying to get my character to move for a game I'm making in my sparetime for the Xbox. However, I can't seem to figure out what I'm doing wrong , and I'm not even sure if I'm doing it right. I've tried googling tutorials on this but I haven't found any helpful ones. Mainly, ones on 3d rotation on the XNA creators club website. My question is : How can I get the character to walk towards the right in the MoveInput() function? What am I doing wrong? Did I code it wrong? The problem is : The player isn't moving. I think the MoveInput() class isn't working. Here's my code from my character class : using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input; namespace Jumping { class Character { Texture2D texture; Vector2 position; Vector2 velocity; int velocityXspeed = 2; bool jumping; public Character(Texture2D newTexture, Vector2 newPosition) { texture = newTexture; position = newPosition; jumping = true; } public void Update(GameTime gameTime) { JumpInput(); MoveInput(); } private void MoveInput() { //Move Character right GamePadState gamePad1 = GamePad.GetState(PlayerIndex.One); velocity.X = velocity.X + (velocityXspeed * gamePad1.ThumbSticks.Right.X); } private void JumpInput() { position += velocity; if (GamePad.GetState(PlayerIndex.One).Buttons.A == ButtonState.Pressed && jumping == false) { position.Y -= 1f; velocity.Y = -5f; jumping = true; } if (jumping == true) { float i = 1.6f; velocity.Y += 0.15f * i; } if (position.Y + texture.Height >= 1000) jumping = false; if (jumping == false) velocity.Y = 0f; } public void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch) { spriteBatch.Draw(texture, position, Color.White); } } }

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  • How to find the occurrence of particular character in string - CHARINDEX

    - by Vipin
    Many times while writing SQL, we need to find if particular character is present in the column data. SQL server possesses an in-built function to do this job - CHARINDEX(character_to_search, string, [starting_position]) Returns the position of the first occurrence of the character in the string. NOTE - index starts with 1. So, if character is at the starting position, this function would return 1. Returns 0 if character is not found. Returns 0 if 'string' is empty. Returns NULL if string is NULL. A working example of the function is SELECT CHARINDEX('a', fname) a_First_occurence, CHARINDEX('a', fname, CHARINDEX('a', fname)) a_Second_occurrence FROM Users WHERE fname = 'aka unknown' OUTPUT ------- a_First_occurence a_Second_occurrence 1 3

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  • Best practices in managing character states

    - by TheBroodian
    While in development of a character, I feel like I'm digging myself deeper into a hole every time I add more functionality to him, creating more bugs and it seems like my code is tripping over itself all over the place. What are the best practices when managing character states for a character that has a large selection of abilities and actions that they can perform, without their abilities interrupting each other and creating a mess overall?

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  • .NET Reference "Copy Local" True / Fasle Being Set Based on Contents of General Assembly

    - by D-Sect
    Hello All. First question for me here. We had a very interesting problem with a Win Forms project. It's been resolved. We know what happened, but we want to understand why it happened. This may help other people out in the future who have a similar problem. The WinForms project failed on 2 of our client's PCs. The error was an obscure kernel.dll error. The project ran fine on 3 other PCs. We found that a .DLL (log4net.dll - a very popular open-source logging library) was missing from our release folder. It was previously in our release folder. Why was it missing in this latest release? It was missing because I must have installed a program on my Dev box that used log4net.dll and it was added to the general assembly. When I checked the SLN's references for log4net.dll, they were changed to "copy local=FALSE". They must have changed automagicially because log4net.dll was present in my GAC. Here's where my question starts: Why did my reference for log4net.dll get changed from COPY LOCAL = TRUE to COPY LOCAL = FALSE? I suspect it's because it was added to my GAC by another program. How can we prevent this from happening again? As it stands now, if I install a piece of software that uses a common library and it adds it to my GAC, then my SLNs that REF that DLL will change from Copy Local TRUE to FALSE. Thank you so much. I hope this helps people out who have a piece of software that runs in some places, but not in others, when it used to run fine in ALL places.

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  • Null Reference Exception In LINQ DataContext

    - by Frank
    I have a Null Reference Exception Caused by this code: var recentOrderers = (from p in db.CMS where p.ODR_DATE > DateTime.Today - new TimeSpan(60, 0, 0, 0) select p.SOLDNUM).Distinct(); result = (from p in db.CMS where p.ORDER_ST2 == "SH" && p.ODR_DATE > DateTime.Today - new TimeSpan(365, 0, 0, 0) && p.ODR_DATE < DateTime.Today - new TimeSpan(60, 0, 0, 0) && !(recentOrderers.Contains(p.SOLDNUM))/**/ select p.SOLDNUM).Distinct().Count(); result is of double type. When I comment out: !(recentOrderers.Contains(p.SOLDNUM)) The code runs fine. I have verified that recentOrderers is not null, and when I run: if(recentOrderes.Contains(0)) return; Execution follows this path and returns. Not sure what is going on, since I use similar code above it: var m = (from p in db.CMS where p.ORDER_ST2 == "SH" select p.SOLDNUM).Distinct(); double result = (from p in db.CUST join r in db.DEMGRAPH on p.CUSTNUM equals r.CUSTNUM where p.CTYPE3 == "cmh" && !(m.Contains(p.CUSTNUM)) && r.ColNEWMEMBERDAT.Value.Year > 1900 select p.CUSTNUM).Distinct().Count(); which also runs flawlessly. After noting the similarity, can anyone help? Thanks in advance. -Frank GTP, Inc.

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  • VB.NET - Object reference not set to an instance of an object

    - by Daniel
    I need some help with my program. I get this error when I run my VB.NET program with a custom DayView control. ***** Exception Text ******* System.NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an instance of an object. at SeaCow.Main.DayView1_ResolveAppointments(Object sender, ResolveAppointmentsEventArgs args) in C:\Users\Daniel\My Programs\Visual Basic\SeaCow\SeaCow\SeaCow\Main.vb:line 120 at Calendar.DayView.OnResolveAppointments(ResolveAppointmentsEventArgs args) at Calendar.DayView.OnPaint(PaintEventArgs e) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.PaintWithErrorHandling(PaintEventArgs e, Int16 layer) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.WmPaint(Message& m) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.WndProc(Message& m) at System.Windows.Forms.NativeWindow.Callback(IntPtr hWnd, Int32 msg, IntPtr wparam, IntPtr lparam) According to the error code, the 'for each' loop below is causing the NullReferenceException error. At default, the 'appointments' list is assigned to nothing and I can't find where the ResolveAppointments function is being called at. Private Sub DayView1_ResolveAppointments(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal args As Calendar.ResolveAppointmentsEventArgs) Handles DayView1.ResolveAppointments Dim m_Apps As New List(Of Calendar.Appointment) For Each m_App As Calendar.Appointment In appointments If (m_App.StartDate >= args.StartDate) AndAlso (m_App.StartDate <= args.EndDate) Then m_Apps.Add(m_App) End If Next args.Appointments = m_Apps End Sub Anyone have any suggestions?

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  • Interfaces with structs, by reference using Generics

    - by Fraga
    I can't pass by reference an interface with a struct in it, what am I doing wrong? Here is the example code: class Processor<T> where T : new() { public Processor() { Data = new T(); } public T Data; } class PeriodsProcessor : Processor<Periods> { public PeriodsProcessor() { DataBase DB = new DataBase(); Console.WriteLine(Data.Value); DB.ModifyData<Period>(Data); Console.WriteLine(Data.Value); Console.ReadLine(); } } public class Period { public string Name; } public interface IDataTable<T> { string Value { get; set; } T Filter { get; set; } } [Serializable] public struct Periods : IDataTable<Period> { public string Value { get; set; } public Period Filter { get; set; } } public class DataBase { public void ModifyData<T>(IDataTable<T> data) where T : new() { data.Value = "CHANGE"; } } class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { PeriodsProcessor PeriodsProcessor = new PeriodsProcessor(); } }

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  • Help passing reference to class subroutine in Perl.

    - by stephenmm
    I am trying to pass a routine to another subroutine within a Perl module. But when I pass the sub reference the passed in ref no longer has the object data. Maybe its not possible to do it this way. The line I have a question about is the "unless" lines below: sub get_flag_end { my $self = shift; return ( -e "$self->{file}" ); } sub wait_for_end { my $self = shift; my $timeout = shift; my $poll_interval = shift; # Is it even possible to pass the oject subroutine and retain the objects data? #unless ( $self->timeout( $timeout, $poll_interval, $self->get_flag_end ) ) { # does not work unless ( $self->timeout( $timeout, $poll_interval, \&get_flag_end ) ) { # call happens but members are empty die "!!!ERROR!!! Timed out while waiting for wait_for_end: timeout=$timeout, poll_interval=$poll_interval \n"; } } sub timeout { my $self = shift; my $timeout = shift; my $poll_interval = shift; my $test_condition = shift; until ($test_condition->() || $timeout <= 0) { $timeout -= $poll_interval; sleep $poll_interval; } return $timeout > 0; # condition was met before timeout } I know that I could change the "get_flag_end" routine to take the value as an argument to the subroutine but what if there was a bunch of stuff done in "get_flag_end" and I needed more members from the object. I simplified the code a bit to make it a little easier to follow.

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  • Temporary non-const istream reference in constructor (C++)

    - by Christopher Bruns
    It seems that a constructor that takes a non-const reference to an istream cannot be constructed with a temporary value in C++. #include <iostream> #include <sstream> using namespace std; class Bar { public: explicit Bar(std::istream& is) {} }; int main() { istringstream stream1("bar1"); Bar bar1(stream1); // OK on all platforms // compile error on linux, Mac gcc; OK on Windows MSVC Bar bar2(istringstream("bar2")); return 0; } This compiles fine with MSVC, but not with gcc. Using gcc I get a compile error: g++ test.cpp -o test test.cpp: In function ‘int main()’: test.cpp:18: error: no matching function for call to ‘Bar::Bar(std::istringstream)’ test.cpp:9: note: candidates are: Bar::Bar(std::istream&) test.cpp:7: note: Bar::Bar(const Bar&) Is there something philosophically wrong with the second way (bar2) of constructing a Bar object? It looks nicer to me, and does not require that stream1 variable that is only needed for a moment.

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  • Passing optional parameter by reference in c++

    - by Moomin
    I'm having a problem with optional function parameter in C++ What I'm trying to do is to write function with optional parameter which is passed by reference, so that I can use it in two ways (1) and (2), but on (2) I don't really care what is the value of mFoobar. I've tried such a code: void foo(double &bar, double &foobar = NULL) { bar = 100; foobar = 150; } int main() { double mBar(0),mFoobar(0); foo(mBar,mFoobar); // (1) cout << mBar << mFoobar; mBar = 0; mFoobar = 0; foo(mBar); // (2) cout << mBar << mFoobar; return 0; } but it crashes at void foo(double &bar, double &foobar = NULL) with message : error: default argument for 'double& foobar' has type 'int' Is it possible to solve it without function overloading? Thanks in advance for any suggestions. Pawel

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  • Am I doing AS3 reference cleanup correctly?

    - by Ólafur Waage
    In one frame of my fla file (let's call it frame 2), I load a few xml files, then send that data into a class that is initialized in that frame, this class creates a few timers and listeners. Then when this class is done doing it's work. I call a dispatchEvent and move to frame 3. This frame does some things as well, it's initialized and creates a few event listeners and timers. When it's done, I move to frame 2 again. This is supposed to repeat as often as I need so I need to clean up the references correctly and I'm wondering if I'm doing it correctly. For sprites I do this. world.removeChild(Background); // world is the parent stage Background = null; For instances of other classes I do this. Players[i].cleanUp(world); // do any cleanup within the instanced class world.removeChild(PlayersSelect[i]); For event listeners I do this. if(Background != null) { Background.removeEventListener(MouseEvent.CLICK, deSelectPlayer); } For timers I do this. if(Timeout != null) { Timeout.stop(); Timeout.removeEventListener(TimerEvent.TIMER, queueHandler); Timeout.removeEventListener(TimerEvent.TIMER_COMPLETE, queueCompleted); Timeout = null; } And for library images I do this if(_libImage!= null) { s.removeChild(Images._libImage); // s is the stage _libImage= null; } And for the class itself in the main timeline, I do this Frame2.removeEventListener("Done", IAmDone); Frame2.cleanUp(); // the cleanup() does all the stuff above Frame2= null; Even if I do all this, when I get to frame 2 for the 2nd time, it runs for 1-2 seconds and then I get a lot of null reference errors because the cleanup function is called prematurely. Am I doing the cleanup correctly? What can cause events to fire prematurely?

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  • Programming texts and reference material for my Kindle DX, creating the ultimate reference device?

    - by mwilliams
    (Revisiting this topic with the release of the Kindle DX) Having owned both generation Kindle readers and now getting a Kindle DX; I'm very excited for true PDF handling on an e-ink device! An image of _Why's book on my Kindle (from my iPhone). This gives me a device capable of storing hundreds of thousands of pages that are full text search capable in the form factor of a magazine. What references (preferably PDF to preserve things such as code samples) would you recommend? Ultimately I would like reference material for every modern and applicable programming language (C, C++, Objective-C, Python, Ruby, Java, .NET (C#, Visual Basic, ASP.NET), Erlang, SQL references) as well as general programming texts and frameworks (algorithms, design patterns, theory, Rails, Django, Cocoa, ORMs, etc) and anything else that could be thought of. With so many developers here using such a wide array of languages, as a professional in your particular field, what books or references would you recommend to me for my Kindle? Creative Commons material a plus (translate that to free) as well as the material being in the PDF file format. File size is not an issue. If this turns out to be a success, I will update with a follow-up with a compiled list generated from all of the answers. Thanks for the assistance and contributing! UPDATE I have been using the Kindle DX a lot now for technical books. Check out this blog post I did for high resolution photos of different material: http://www.matthewdavidwilliams.com/2009/06/12/technical-document-pdfs-on-the-kindle-dx/

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  • Powershell: splatting after passing hashtable by reference

    - by user1815871
    Powershell newbie ... I recently learned about splatting — very useful. I ran into a snag when I passed a hash table by reference to a function for splatting purposes. (For brevity's sake — a silly example.) Function AllMyChildren { param ( [ref]$ReferenceToHash } get-childitem @ReferenceToHash.Value # etc.etc. } $MyHash = @{ 'path' = '*' 'include' = '*.ps1' 'name' = $null } AllMyChildren ([ref]$MyHash) Result: an error ("Splatted variables cannot be used as part of a property or array expression. Assign the result of the expression to a temporary variable then splat the temporary variable instead."). Tried this afterward: $newVariable = $ReferenceToHash.Value get-childitem @NewVariable That did work and seemed right per the error message. But: is it the preferred syntax in a case like this? (An oh, look, it actually worked solution isn't always a best practice. My approach here strikes me as "Perl-minded" and perhaps in Powershell passing by value is better, though I don't yet know the syntax for it w.r.t. a hash table.)

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  • How to access the element of a list/vector that passed by reference in C++

    - by bsoundra
    Hi all, The problem is passing lists/vectors by reference int main(){ list<int> arr; //Adding few ints here to arr func1(&arr); return 0; } void func1(list<int> * arr){ // How Can I print the values here ? //I tried all the below , but it is erroring out. cout<<arr[0]; // error cout<<*arr[0];// error cout<<(*arr)[0];//error //How do I modify the value at the index 0 ? func2(arr);// Since it is already a pointer, I am passing just the address } void func2(list<int> *arr){ //How do I print and modify the values here ? I believe it should be the same as above but // just in case. } Is the vectors any different from the lists ? Thanks in advance. Any links where these things are explained elaborately will be of great help. Thanks again.

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  • Fluent NHibernate - Set reference key columns to null

    - by Matt
    Hi, I have a table of Appointments and a table of AppointmentOutcomes. On my Appointments table I have an OutcomeID field which has a foreign key to AppointmentOutcomes. My Fluent NHibernate mappings look as follows; Table("Appointments"); Not.LazyLoad(); Id(c => c.ID).GeneratedBy.Assigned(); Map(c => c.Subject); Map(c => c.StartTime); References(c => c.Outcome, "OutcomeID"); Table("AppointmentOutcomes"); Not.LazyLoad(); Id(c => c.ID).GeneratedBy.Assigned(); Map(c => c.Description); Using NHibernate, if I delete an AppointmentOutcome an exception is thrown because the foreign key is invalid. What I would like to happen is that deleting an AppointmentOutcome would automatically set the OutcomeID of any Appointments that reference the AppointmentOutcome to NULL. Is this possible using Fluent NHibernate?

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