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• Python's asyncore to periodically send data using a variable timeout. Is there a better way?

  - by Nick Sonneveld

  I wanted to write a server that a client could connect to and receive periodic updates without having to poll. The problem I have experienced with asyncore is that if you do not return true when dispatcher.writable() is called, you have to wait until after the asyncore.loop has timed out (default is 30s). The two ways I have tried to work around this is 1) reduce timeout to a low value or 2) query connections for when they will next update and generate an adequate timeout value. However if you refer to 'Select Law' in 'man 2 select_tut', it states, "You should always try to use select() without a timeout." Is there a better way to do this? Twisted maybe? I wanted to try and avoid extra threads. I'll include the variable timeout example here: #!/usr/bin/python import time import socket import asyncore # in seconds UPDATE_PERIOD = 4.0 class Channel(asyncore.dispatcher): def __init__(self, sock, sck_map): asyncore.dispatcher.__init__(self, sock=sock, map=sck_map) self.last_update = 0.0 # should update immediately self.send_buf = '' self.recv_buf = '' def writable(self): return len(self.send_buf) > 0 def handle_write(self): nbytes = self.send(self.send_buf) self.send_buf = self.send_buf[nbytes:] def handle_read(self): print 'read' print 'recv:', self.recv(4096) def handle_close(self): print 'close' self.close() # added for variable timeout def update(self): if time.time() >= self.next_update(): self.send_buf += 'hello %f\n'%(time.time()) self.last_update = time.time() def next_update(self): return self.last_update + UPDATE_PERIOD class Server(asyncore.dispatcher): def __init__(self, port, sck_map): asyncore.dispatcher.__init__(self, map=sck_map) self.port = port self.sck_map = sck_map self.create_socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) self.bind( ("", port)) self.listen(16) print "listening on port", self.port def handle_accept(self): (conn, addr) = self.accept() Channel(sock=conn, sck_map=self.sck_map) # added for variable timeout def update(self): pass def next_update(self): return None sck_map = {} server = Server(9090, sck_map) while True: next_update = time.time() + 30.0 for c in sck_map.values(): c.update() # <-- fill write buffers n = c.next_update() #print 'n:',n if n is not None: next_update = min(next_update, n) _timeout = max(0.1, next_update - time.time()) asyncore.loop(timeout=_timeout, count=1, map=sck_map)

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• How to achieve interaction between GUI class with logic class

  - by volting

  Im new to GUI programming, and haven't done much OOP. Im working on a basic calculator app to help me learn GUI design and to brush up on OOP. I understand that anything GUI related should be kept seperate from the logic, but Im unsure how to implement interaction between logic an GUI classes when needed i.e. basically passing variables back and forth... Im using TKinter and when I pass a tkinter variable to my logic it only seems to hold the string PY_VAR0. def on_equal_btn_click(self): self.entryVariable.set(self.entryVariable.get() + "=") calculator = Calc(self.entryVariable) self.entryVariable.set(calculator.calculate()) Im sure that im probably doing something fundamentally wrong and probabaly really stupid, I spent a considerable amount of time experimenting (and searching for answers online) but Im getting no where. Any help would be appreciated. Thanks, V The Full Program (well just enough to show the structure..) import Tkinter class Gui(Tkinter.Tk): def __init__(self,parent): Tkinter.Tk.__init__(self,parent) self.parent = parent self.initialize() def initialize(self): self.grid() self.create_widgets() """ grid config """ #self.grid_columnconfigure(0,weight=1,pad=0) self.resizable(False, False) def create_widgets(self): """row 0 of grid""" """Create Text Entry Box""" self.entryVariable = Tkinter.StringVar() self.entry = Tkinter.Entry(self,width=30,textvariable=self.entryVariable) self.entry.grid(column=0,row=0, columnspan = 3 ) self.entry.bind("<Return>", self.on_press_enter) """create equal button""" equal_btn = Tkinter.Button(self,text="=",width=4,command=self.on_equal_btn_click) equal_btn.grid(column=3, row=0) """row 1 of grid""" """create number 1 button""" number1_btn = Tkinter.Button(self,text="1",width=8,command=self.on_number1_btn_click) number1_btn.grid(column=0, row=1) . . . def on_equal_btn_click(self): self.entryVariable.set(self.entryVariable.get() + "=") calculator = Calc(self.entryVariable) self.entryVariable.set(calculator.calculate()) class Calc(): def __init__(self, equation): self.equation = equation def calculate(self): #TODO: parse string and calculate... return self.equation if __name__ == "__main__": app = Gui(None) app.title('Calculator') app.mainloop()

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• Passing variables, creating instances, self, The mechanics and usage of classes: need explenation

  - by Baf

  I've been sitting over this the whole day and Im a little tired already so please excuse me being brief. Im new to python. I just rewrrote a working program, into a bunch of functions in a class and everzthings messed up. I dont know if its me but Im very surprised i couldn t find a beginners tutorial on how to handle classes on the web so I have a few questions. First of all, in the init section of the class i have declared a bunch of variables with self.variable=something. Is it correct that i should be able to access/modify these variables in every function of the class by using self.variable in that function? In other words by declaring self.variable i have made these variables, global variables in the scope of the class right? If not how do i handle self. ? Secondly how do i correctly pass arguments to the class? some example code would be cool. thirdly how do i call a function of the class outside of the class scope? some example code would be cool. fouthly how do I create an Instance of the class INITIALCLASS in another class OTHERCLASS, passing variables from OTHERCLASS to INITIALCLASS? some example code would be cool. I Want to call a function from OTHERCLASS with arguments from INITIALCLASS. What Ive done so far is. class OTHERCLASS(): def __init__(self,variable1,variable2,variable3): self.variable1=variable1 self.variable2=variable2 self.variable3=variable3 def someotherfunction(self): something=somecode(using self.variable3) self.variable2.append(something) print self.variable2 def somemorefunctions(self): self.variable2.append(variable1) class INITIALCLASS(): def __init__(self): self.variable1=value1 self.variable2=[] self.variable3='' self.DoIt=OTHERCLASS(variable1,variable2,variable3) def somefunction(self): variable3=Somecode #tried this self.DoIt.someotherfunctions() #and this DoIt.someotherfunctions() I clearly havent understood how to pass variables to classes or how to handle self, when to use it and when not, I probably also havent understood how to properly create an isntance of a class. In general i havent udnerstood the mechanics of classes So please help me and explain it to me like i have no Idea( which i dont it seems). Or point me to a thorough video, or readable tutorial. All i find on the web is super simple examples, that didnt help me much. Or just very short definitions of classes and class methods instances etc. I can send you my original code if you guys want, but its quite long. Thanks for the Help Much appreciated!

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• How best to deal with the frustration that you encounter at the beginning of learning to code [closed]

  - by coderboy

  I am right now a newbie on the job learning to code in Cocoa . In the beginning I decided that I would try and understand everything I was doing . But right now I just feel like a clueless wizard chanting some spells . Its all just a matter of googling the right incantation . Frequently getting stuck and having to google for answers is proving to be a major demotivator for me . I know that this will get better over time but still I feel that somewhere , somehow I'm just approaching things the wrong way . I sit there stumped and then finally just look at sample code from Apple and I go Wow ! This is so logical and well structured ! . But just reading it is not going to get me to that level . So I would like to know , how do you guys approach learning something new . Do you read the whole documentation first , or do you read sample code or maybe its just about making lots of small programs first ?

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• Is learning C# as a first language a mistake?

  - by JuniorDeveloper1208

  I know there are similar questions on here, which I've read, but I recently read this post by Joel Spolsky: How can I teach a bright person, with no programming experience, how to program? And it got me thinking about my way of learning and whether it might actually be harmful in the long run. I've dabbled with various languages but C# is my first serious one, I've read "Head First C#" and created a few projects. But after reading the post above I've found it a bit disheartening that I may be going about it all wrong, obviously I respect Joel's opinion which is what has thrown me a bit. I've started reading "Code" as recommended in the reading list and I'm finding it pretty hard going, although enjoyable. I feel like it's taken the shine off of my "noobish hacking about" in Visual Studio. So now I'm unsure as to what path I should take? Should I take a step back and follow Joel's advice and start reading? I guess my main aim is just to become a good programmer, like everyone else, but I don't want to be going into bad practice by learning a .NET language when someone who's opinion I respect thinks that it is harmful. Thoughts?

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• Creating foreign words' learning site with memory technique (Web 2.0)? Will it work?

  - by Michal P.

  I would like to earn a little money for realizing a good, simple project. My idea is to build a website for learning of chosen by me language (for users knowing English) using mnemonics. Users would be encourage to enter English words with translation to another language and describing the way, how to remember a foreign language word (an association link). Example: if I choose learning Spanish for people who knows English well, it would look like that: every user would be encourage to enter a way to remember a chosen by him/her Spanish word. So he/she would enter to the dictionary (my site database) ,e.g., English word: beach - playa (Spanish word). Then he/she would describe the method to remember Spanish word, e.g., "Image that U r on the beach and U play volleyball" - we have the word play and recall playa (mnemonics). I would like to give possibility of pic hotlinks, encourage for fun or little shocking memory links which is -- in the art of memory -- good. I would choose a language to take a niche of Google Search. The big question is if I don't lose my time on it?? (Maybe I need to find prototype way to check that idea?)

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• High volume SVM (machine learning) system

  - by flyingcrab

  I working on a possible machine learning project that would be expected to do high speed computations for machine learning using SVM (support vector machines) and possibly some ANN. I'm resonably comfortable working on matlab with these, but primarly in small datasets, just for experimentation. I'm wondering if this matlab based approach will scale? or should i be looking into something else? C++ / gpu based computing? java wrapping of the matlab code and pushing it onto app engine? Incidentally, there seems to be a lot fo literature on GPUs, but not much on how useful they are on machine learning applications using matlab, & the cheapest CUDA enlabled GPU money can buy? is it even worth the trouble?

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• Learning C++ from AS3

  - by grey

  I'm a decent AS3 programmer. I work in games, and that is my reason for programming. While there is much I can accomplish with Adobe AIR, my understanding at this point is that learning C++ is probably a good direction to take. I would learn a lot of valuable lower level programming if I needed it down the road, and I would have an easier time learning other C oriented languages. I see a lot of information for people looking to learn AS3 who know C++, but not the other way around. Why C++? Cross platform compatibility is important to me, so I'm not particularly interested in C# or Objective-C at this junction. I'm also aware of HaXe, and while I love the concept, after doing some research I'm worried about investing a lot of time into something so recent with limited learning resources and documentation. I'm looking for advice and resources (books, articles) related to this topic. Thanks in advance!

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• Good place to start learning Adobe Illustrator CS5

  - by Kush

  The question may be off topic for SU, but I couldn't find any better place than this. I've been into designing for a while now, and have learned Photoshop by myself, and currently having fairly good grip in Photoshop CS5. Now due to rising needs, I need to learn Illustrator. I'm aware with the basics of Vector graphics, but haven't worked in designing such. So, suggest me a good place where I can learn Illustrator CS5, from ground up. I headed to Youtube for first start, but I still need an appropriate place where I get to learn it from better tutor. Thanks.

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• SQLAuthority News – Learning Never Ends – Becoming Student Again

  - by pinaldave

  From my past few blog posts you may see a pattern – learning.  I finished my own college education a few years ago, but I firmly believe that learning should never stop.  We can learn on the job, or from outside reading, but we should always try to be learning new things.  It keeps the brain sharp!  In fact, I often find myself learning new things from reviewing old material.  If you have been reading my blog lately, you will recognize the name Koenig Solutions. You might also be rolling your eyes at me and my enthusiasm for learning and training.  College was hard work, why continue it?  Didn’t we all get educations so that we could get jobs and go on vacation? Of course, having a job means that you cannot take vacations all the time.  I have often asked my friend who owns Koenig, jokingly, when he is going to open a Koenig center in Bangalore. I relocated to Bangalore 1.5 years ago, so I wanted a center I could walk to anytime.  Last week I was very happy to hear that they have opened a center in Bangalore. Pinal Dave at Friend’s Company I could not let a new center open without visiting it and congratulating my friend, so I recently stopped by.  I was immediately taken by the desire to go back to “school” and learn something new.  I have signed up to take a continuing education course through the new Koenig center and here is the exciting part: I will be blogging about it so that you all can be inspired to learn, too!  Keep checking back here for further updates and blog posts about my learning experience. However, what is the fun to attend the session in the town where you stay. I indeed visited their center in Bangalore but I have opted to learn the course in another city. Well, more information about the same in near future. Pinal Dave is going to be a student again Honestly, why not learn new things and become more confident?  When we have more education we will become better at our jobs, which can lead to more confidence and efficiency, but may also have more physical rewards – like a raise or promotion.  We don’t always have to focus on shallow rewards like money and recognition, so think about how much more you will enjoy your work when you know more about it.  Koenig is offering training for new certificates in SQL Server 2012, and I am planning on investigating these for sure. I feel good that I am going to be a student again and will be learning new stuff. As I said I will blog my experience as I go. I hope that my continuing education blog posts will inspire you, my readers, to go out and learn more.  I am serious about my education and my goal is to prove how serious I am here, on my blog. I am a big fan of Learning and Sharing and I hope this series will inspire you to learn new technology which can help you progress in your career and help balance your life with work. Note: This blog post is about what inspired me to sign up for learning course. Becoming student should be the attitude of a lifetime. This post is not about a career change. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• Should I learn two (or more) programming languages in parallel?

  - by c_maker

  I found entries on this site about learning a new programming language, however, I have not come across anything that talks about the advantages and disadvantages of learning two languages at the same time. Let's say my goal is to learn two new languages in a year. I understand that the definition of learning a new language is different for everyone and you can probably never know everything about a language. I believe in most cases the following things are enough to include the language in your resume and say that you are proficient in it (list is not in any particular order): Know its syntax so you can write a simple program in it Compare its underlying concepts with concepts of other languages Know best practices Know what libraries are available Know in what situations to use it Understand the flow of a more complex program At least know most of what you do not know I would probably look for a good book and pick an open source project for both of these languages to start with. My questions: Is it best to spend 5 months learning language#1 then 5 months learning language#2, or should you mix the two. Mixing them I mean you work on them in parallel. Should you pick two languages that are similar or different? Are there any advantages/disadvantages of let's say learning Lisp in tandem with Ruby? Is it a good idea to pick two languages with similar syntax or would it be too confusing? Please tell me what your experiences are regarding this. Does it make a difference if you are a beginner or a senior programmer?

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• Core Data: migrating entities with self-referential properties

  - by Dan

  My Core Data model contains an entity, Shape, that has two self-referential relationships, which means four properties. One pair is a one-to-many relationship (Shape.containedBy <- Shape.contains) and the another is a many-to-many relationship (Shape.nextShapes <<- Shape.previousShapes). It all works perfectly in the application, so I don't think self-referencing relationships is a problem in general. However, when it comes to migrating the model to a new version, then Xcode fails to compile the automatically generated mapping model, with this error message: 2009-10-30 17:10:09.387 mapc[18619:607] *** Terminating app due to uncaught exception 'NSInvalidArgumentException', reason: 'Unable to parse the format string "FUNCTION($manager ,'destinationInstancesForSourceRelationshipNamed:sourceInstances:' , 'contains' , $source.contains) == 1"' *** Call stack at first throw: ( 0 CoreFoundation 0x00007fff80d735a4 __exceptionPreprocess + 180 1 libobjc.A.dylib 0x00007fff83f0a313 objc_exception_throw + 45 2 Foundation 0x00007fff819bc8d4 _qfqp2_performParsing + 8412 3 Foundation 0x00007fff819ba79d +[NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:arguments:] + 59 4 Foundation 0x00007fff81a482ef +[NSExpression expressionWithFormat:arguments:] + 68 5 Foundation 0x00007fff81a48843 +[NSExpression expressionWithFormat:] + 155 6 XDBase 0x0000000100038e94 -[XDDevRelationshipMapping valueExpressionAsString] + 260 7 XDBase 0x000000010003ae5c -[XDMappingCompilerSupport generateCompileResultForMappingModel:] + 2828 8 XDBase 0x000000010003b135 -[XDMappingCompilerSupport compileSourcePath:options:] + 309 9 mapc 0x0000000100001a1c 0x0 + 4294973980 10 mapc 0x0000000100001794 0x0 + 4294973332 ) terminate called after throwing an instance of 'NSException' Command /Developer/usr/bin/mapc failed with exit code 6 The 'contains' is the name of one of the self-referential properties. Anyway, the really big problem is that I can't even look at this Mapping Property as Xcode crashes as soon as I select the entity mapping when viewing the mapping model. So I'm a bit lost really where to go from here. I really can't remove the self-referential properties, so I'm thinking I've got manually create a mapping model that compiles? Any ideas? Cheers

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• Learning HTML - The Process.

  - by Gabe

  So, as recommended, I did the W3Schools HTML and XML tutorials this weekend. I understand the basics. Now should I look to get more depth in HTML, or go straight into learning CSS (and try to keep learning html at the same time)? If the first, where should I go for more advanced HTML tutorials?

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• Why doesn't my QsciLexerCustom subclass work in PyQt4 using QsciScintilla?

  - by Jon Watte

  My end goal is to get Erlang syntax highlighting in QsciScintilla using PyQt4 and Python 2.6. I'm running on Windows 7, but will also need Ubuntu support. PyQt4 is missing the necessary wrapper code for the Erlang lexer/highlighter that "base" scintilla has, so I figured I'd write a lightweight one on top of QsciLexerCustom. It's a little bit problematic, because the Qsci wrapper seems to really want to talk about line+index rather than offset-from-start when getting/setting subranges of text. Meanwhile, the lexer gets arguments as offset-from-start. For now, I get a copy of the entire text, and split that up as appropriate. I have the following lexer, and I apply it with setLexer(). It gets all the appropriate calls when I open a new file and sets this as the lexer, and prints a bunch of appropriate lines based on what it's doing... but there is no styling in the document. I tried making all the defined styles red, and the document is still stubbornly black-on-white, so apparently the styles don't really "take effect" What am I doing wrong? If nobody here knows, what's the appropriate discussion forum where people might actually know these things? (It's an interesting intersection between Python, Qt and Scintilla, so I imagine the set of people who would know is small) Let's assume prefs.declare() just sets up a dict that returns the value for the given key (I've verified this -- it's not the problem). Let's assume scintilla is reasonably properly constructed into its host window QWidget. Specifically, if I apply a bundled lexer (such as QsciLexerPython), it takes effect and does show styled text. prefs.declare('font.name.margin', "MS Dlg") prefs.declare('font.size.margin', 8) prefs.declare('font.name.code', "Courier New") prefs.declare('font.size.code', 10) prefs.declare('color.editline', "#d0e0ff") class LexerErlang(Qsci.QsciLexerCustom): def __init__(self, obj = None): Qsci.QsciLexerCustom.__init__(self, obj) self.sci = None self.plainFont = QtGui.QFont() self.plainFont.setPointSize(int(prefs.get('font.size.code'))) self.plainFont.setFamily(prefs.get('font.name.code')) self.marginFont = QtGui.QFont() self.marginFont.setPointSize(int(prefs.get('font.size.code'))) self.marginFont.setFamily(prefs.get('font.name.margin')) self.boldFont = QtGui.QFont() self.boldFont.setPointSize(int(prefs.get('font.size.code'))) self.boldFont.setFamily(prefs.get('font.name.code')) self.boldFont.setBold(True) self.styles = [ Qsci.QsciStyle(0, QtCore.QString("base"), QtGui.QColor("#000000"), QtGui.QColor("#ffffff"), self.plainFont, True), Qsci.QsciStyle(1, QtCore.QString("comment"), QtGui.QColor("#008000"), QtGui.QColor("#eeffee"), self.marginFont, True), Qsci.QsciStyle(2, QtCore.QString("keyword"), QtGui.QColor("#000080"), QtGui.QColor("#ffffff"), self.boldFont, True), Qsci.QsciStyle(3, QtCore.QString("string"), QtGui.QColor("#800000"), QtGui.QColor("#ffffff"), self.marginFont, True), Qsci.QsciStyle(4, QtCore.QString("atom"), QtGui.QColor("#008080"), QtGui.QColor("#ffffff"), self.plainFont, True), Qsci.QsciStyle(5, QtCore.QString("macro"), QtGui.QColor("#808000"), QtGui.QColor("#ffffff"), self.boldFont, True), Qsci.QsciStyle(6, QtCore.QString("error"), QtGui.QColor("#000000"), QtGui.QColor("#ffd0d0"), self.plainFont, True), ] print("LexerErlang created") def description(self, ix): for i in self.styles: if i.style() == ix: return QtCore.QString(i.description()) return QtCore.QString("") def setEditor(self, sci): self.sci = sci Qsci.QsciLexerCustom.setEditor(self, sci) print("LexerErlang.setEditor()") def styleText(self, start, end): print("LexerErlang.styleText(%d,%d)" % (start, end)) lines = self.getText(start, end) offset = start self.startStyling(offset, 0) print("startStyling()") for i in lines: if i == "": self.setStyling(1, self.styles[0]) print("setStyling(1)") offset += 1 continue if i[0] == '%': self.setStyling(len(i)+1, self.styles[1]) print("setStyling(%)") offset += len(i)+1 continue self.setStyling(len(i)+1, self.styles[0]) print("setStyling(n)") offset += len(i)+1 def getText(self, start, end): data = self.sci.text() print("LexerErlang.getText(): " + str(len(data)) + " chars") return data[start:end].split('\n') Applied to the QsciScintilla widget as follows: _lexers = { 'erl': (Q.SCLEX_ERLANG, LexerErlang), 'hrl': (Q.SCLEX_ERLANG, LexerErlang), 'html': (Q.SCLEX_HTML, Qsci.QsciLexerHTML), 'css': (Q.SCLEX_CSS, Qsci.QsciLexerCSS), 'py': (Q.SCLEX_PYTHON, Qsci.QsciLexerPython), 'php': (Q.SCLEX_PHP, Qsci.QsciLexerHTML), 'inc': (Q.SCLEX_PHP, Qsci.QsciLexerHTML), 'js': (Q.SCLEX_CPP, Qsci.QsciLexerJavaScript), 'cpp': (Q.SCLEX_CPP, Qsci.QsciLexerCPP), 'h': (Q.SCLEX_CPP, Qsci.QsciLexerCPP), 'cxx': (Q.SCLEX_CPP, Qsci.QsciLexerCPP), 'hpp': (Q.SCLEX_CPP, Qsci.QsciLexerCPP), 'c': (Q.SCLEX_CPP, Qsci.QsciLexerCPP), 'hxx': (Q.SCLEX_CPP, Qsci.QsciLexerCPP), 'tpl': (Q.SCLEX_CPP, Qsci.QsciLexerCPP), 'xml': (Q.SCLEX_XML, Qsci.QsciLexerXML), } ... inside my document window class ... def addContentsDocument(self, contents, title): handler = self.makeScintilla() handler.title = title sci = handler.sci sci.append(contents) self.tabWidget.addTab(sci, title) self.tabWidget.setCurrentWidget(sci) self.applyLexer(sci, title) EventBus.bus.broadcast('command.done', {'text': 'Opened ' + title}) return handler def applyLexer(self, sci, title): (language, lexer) = language_and_lexer_from_title(title) if lexer: l = lexer() print("making lexer: " + str(l)) sci.setLexer(l) else: print("setting lexer by id: " + str(language)) sci.SendScintilla(Qsci.QsciScintillaBase.SCI_SETLEXER, language) linst = sci.lexer() print("lexer: " + str(linst)) def makeScintilla(self): sci = Qsci.QsciScintilla() sci.setUtf8(True) sci.setTabIndents(True) sci.setIndentationsUseTabs(False) sci.setIndentationWidth(4) sci.setMarginsFont(self.smallFont) sci.setMarginWidth(0, self.smallFontMetrics.width('00000')) sci.setFont(self.monoFont) sci.setAutoIndent(True) sci.setBraceMatching(Qsci.QsciScintilla.StrictBraceMatch) handler = SciHandler(sci) self.handlers[sci] = handler sci.setMarginLineNumbers(0, True) sci.setCaretLineVisible(True) sci.setCaretLineBackgroundColor(QtGui.QColor(prefs.get('color.editline'))) return handler Let's assume the rest of the application works, too (because it does :-)

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• What is machine learning ?

  - by Kushal Waikar

  What is machine learning ? What does machine learning code do ? When we say that the machine learns, does it modify the code of itself or it modifies history (database) which will contain the experience of code for given set of inputs?

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• What is a machine learning ?

  - by Kushal Waikar

  What is a machine learning ? What does machine learning code do ? When we say machine learns, does it modify the code of itself or it modifies history(Data Base) which will contain the experience of code for given set of inputs ?

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• PyOpenGL - passing transformation matrix into shader

  - by M-V

  I am having trouble passing projection and modelview matrices into the GLSL shader from my PyOpenGL code. My understanding is that OpenGL matrices are column major, but when I pass in projection and modelview matrices as shown, I don't see anything. I tried the transpose of the matrices, and it worked for the modelview matrix, but the projection matrix doesn't work either way. Here is the code: import OpenGL from OpenGL.GL import * from OpenGL.GL.shaders import * from OpenGL.GLU import * from OpenGL.GLUT import * from OpenGL.GLUT.freeglut import * from OpenGL.arrays import vbo import numpy, math, sys strVS = """ attribute vec3 aVert; uniform mat4 uMVMatrix; uniform mat4 uPMatrix; uniform vec4 uColor; varying vec4 vCol; void main() { // option #1 - fails gl_Position = uPMatrix * uMVMatrix * vec4(aVert, 1.0); // option #2 - works gl_Position = vec4(aVert, 1.0); // set color vCol = vec4(uColor.rgb, 1.0); } """ strFS = """ varying vec4 vCol; void main() { // use vertex color gl_FragColor = vCol; } """ # particle system class class Scene: # initialization def __init__(self): # create shader self.program = compileProgram(compileShader(strVS, GL_VERTEX_SHADER), compileShader(strFS, GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER)) glUseProgram(self.program) self.pMatrixUniform = glGetUniformLocation(self.program, 'uPMatrix') self.mvMatrixUniform = glGetUniformLocation(self.program, "uMVMatrix") self.colorU = glGetUniformLocation(self.program, "uColor") # attributes self.vertIndex = glGetAttribLocation(self.program, "aVert") # color self.col0 = [1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0] # define quad vertices s = 0.2 quadV = [ -s, s, 0.0, -s, -s, 0.0, s, s, 0.0, s, s, 0.0, -s, -s, 0.0, s, -s, 0.0 ] # vertices self.vertexBuffer = glGenBuffers(1) glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, self.vertexBuffer) vertexData = numpy.array(quadV, numpy.float32) glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 4*len(vertexData), vertexData, GL_STATIC_DRAW) # render def render(self, pMatrix, mvMatrix): # use shader glUseProgram(self.program) # set proj matrix glUniformMatrix4fv(self.pMatrixUniform, 1, GL_FALSE, pMatrix) # set modelview matrix glUniformMatrix4fv(self.mvMatrixUniform, 1, GL_FALSE, mvMatrix) # set color glUniform4fv(self.colorU, 1, self.col0) #enable arrays glEnableVertexAttribArray(self.vertIndex) # set buffers glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, self.vertexBuffer) glVertexAttribPointer(self.vertIndex, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, None) # draw glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 6) # disable arrays glDisableVertexAttribArray(self.vertIndex) class Renderer: def __init__(self): pass def reshape(self, width, height): self.width = width self.height = height self.aspect = width/float(height) glViewport(0, 0, self.width, self.height) glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST) glDisable(GL_CULL_FACE) glClearColor(0.8, 0.8, 0.8,1.0) glutPostRedisplay() def keyPressed(self, *args): sys.exit() def draw(self): glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT) # build projection matrix fov = math.radians(45.0) f = 1.0/math.tan(fov/2.0) zN, zF = (0.1, 100.0) a = self.aspect pMatrix = numpy.array([f/a, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, f, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, (zF+zN)/(zN-zF), -1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 2.0*zF*zN/(zN-zF), 0.0], numpy.float32) # modelview matrix mvMatrix = numpy.array([1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.5, 0.0, -5.0, 1.0], numpy.float32) # render self.scene.render(pMatrix, mvMatrix) # swap buffers glutSwapBuffers() def run(self): glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGBA) glutInitWindowSize(400, 400) self.window = glutCreateWindow("Minimal") glutReshapeFunc(self.reshape) glutDisplayFunc(self.draw) glutKeyboardFunc(self.keyPressed) # Checks for key strokes self.scene = Scene() glutMainLoop() glutInit(sys.argv) prog = Renderer() prog.run() When I use option #2 in the shader without either matrix, I get the following output: What am I doing wrong?

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• Need some serious help with self join issue.

  - by kralco626

  Well as you may know, you cannot index a view with a self join. Well actually even two joins of the same table, even if it's not technically a self join. A couple of guys from microsoft came up with a work around. But it's so complicated I don't understand it!!! The solution to the problem is here: http://jmkehayias.blogspot.com/2008/12/creating-indexed-view-with-self-join.html The view I want to apply this work around to is: create VIEW vw_lookup_test WITH SCHEMABINDING AS select count_big(*) as [count_all], awc_txt, city_nm, str_nm, stru_no, o.circt_cstdn_nm [owner], t.circt_cstdn_nm [tech], dvc.circt_nm, data_orgtn_yr from ((dbo.dvc join dbo.circt on dvc.circt_nm = circt.circt_nm) join dbo.circt_cstdn o on circt.circt_cstdn_user_id = o.circt_cstdn_user_id) join dbo.circt_cstdn t on dvc.circt_cstdn_user_id = t.circt_cstdn_user_id group by awc_txt, city_nm, str_nm, stru_no, o.circt_cstdn_nm, t.circt_cstdn_nm, dvc.circt_nm, data_orgtn_yr go Any help would be greatly apreciated!!! Thanks so much in advance!

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• passing self data into a recursive function

  - by user272689

  I'm trying to set a function to do something like this def __binaryTreeInsert(self, toInsert, currentNode=getRoot(), parentNode=None): where current node starts as root, and then we change it to a different node in the method and recursivly call it again. However, i cannot get the 'currentNode=getRoot()' to work. If i try calling the funcion getRoot() (as above) it says im not giving it all the required variables, but if i try to call self.getRoot() it complains that self is an undefined variable. Is there a way i can do this without having to specify the root while calling this method?

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• Is it possible to be a Linux professional studying on your own?

  - by Marc Jr

  I read economics at university(nothing to see with linux, isn't it? :P). I have some basic knowledge about booting process, Linux Kernel compiling from source and stuff like that. But of course I have still much to learn sometimes some errors appears and "voila" I am lost. I had: Ubuntu, Fedora, OpenSuse, Arch.. using Gentoo now. I'd like to know what you linux users, professionals, administrators... would think it is the best way to learn linux in a professional way. Is it worth studying it and passing the LPIC test enough to work in the linux world? or do I need going to IT uni? I've heard LFS is a good way of learning about linux, is that real? I've been thinking about getting to LFS learn about more deeply about the linux process and learning scripts. It is possible to do this way? if anyone has a tip or a good way of doing, maybe someone did it. Any tip is very welcome. Words from a person in love with linux. :D The best, Marc

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• Is it possible to be a professional studying on your own?

  - by Marc Jr

  I read economics at university(nothing to see with linux, isn't it? :P). I have some basic knowledge about booting process, Linux Kernel compiling from source and stuff like that. But of course I have still much to learn sometimes some errors appears and "voila" I am lost. I had: Ubuntu, Fedora, OpenSuse, Arch.. using Gentoo now. I'd like to know what you linux users, professionals, administrators... would think it is the best way to learn linux in a professional way. Is it worth studying it and passing the LPIC test enough to work in the linux world? or do I need going to IT uni? I've heard LFS is a good way of learning about linux, is that real? I've been thinking about getting to LFS learn about more deeply about the linux process and learning scripts. It is possible to do this way? if anyone has a tip or a good way of doing, maybe someone did it. Any tip is very welcome. Words from a person in love with linux. :D The best, Marc

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• As a self-taught programmer, how do I get the academic foundation without attending school again?

  - by hal10001

  I've made a pretty good living as a self-taught programmer, but when I find that I discuss some low-level fundamental topics with my peers who have a CS degree, holes appear in my knowledge. I'm a big picture (architecture) guy, so for a long time this hasn't bothered me, but lately I've wondered if there is an approach I can take that will help me learn these fundamentals without going back to school? Are there books, websites or videos that you can recommend that would give me a ground-up perspective as opposed to a learn it as you need it mentality?

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• Java (or possibly other languages) learning path

  - by bgo

  I am familiar (as a self-learner) with C, python and php such that i can solve some problems involving simple steps (for example, i easily do calculations for physics lab reports with python which normally would take 4x-5x times longer with a calculator). The point here is, as doing such things, i learnt the idea / concepts of programming language and problem solving along with oop or fuctional programming etc. Recently i have started Java and, with the familiarity of other languages, i am doing well for starters but i need guidence. -I am thinking of learning syntax from sun java tutorials and then practicing with codingbat.com or similar sites. I need a reference book that i can study deeper aspects of the topics i am learning. What do you suggest about these? -The problem is (and always have been) the lack of practice. I need coding and problem-solving practices sources. I stuck at the point where i can't figure out what to do next. Can you suggest any source (possibly like codingbat)? If i could plan a learning trail, i can progress faster and efficiently. So i need ideas, comments, suggestions. Thanks in advance.

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• Concurrency and Coordination Runtime (CCR) Learning Resources

  - by Harry

  I have recently been learning the in's and out's of the Concurrency and Coordination Runtime (CCR). Finding good learning resources for this relatively new technology has been quite difficult. (A quick google search brings up "Creedence Clearwater Revival" as the top result!) Some of the resources I have found: Free e-book chapter from WROX on the Robotics Developer Studio Good Article/post on InfoQ Robotic's Member blog Very active MSDN CCR Forum - Got plenty of help from here! Great MSDN Magazine by Jeffrey Richter Official CCR User Guide - Didn't find this very helpful Great blogging series on CCR iodyner CCR Related Blog - Update: Moved to here Eight or so Videos on Channel9.msdn.com CCR Patterns page on MS Robotics Studio - I haven't read this yet 4 x CCR Questions on Stackoverflow - Most of the questions have been Mine! LOL CCR and DSS toolkit has now been released to MSDN Members Do you have any good learning resources for the CCR? I really hope that Microsoft will publish more material, so far it has been too Robotics specific. I believe that MS needs to acknowledge that most people are using the CCR in issolation from the DSS and Robotics Studio. Update The Mix 2010 conference had a presentation by Myspace about how they have used the CCR framework in their middle tier. They also open sourced the code base. MySpace DataRelay Mix Video Presentation

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• Calling self in objective c method headers

  - by hakewake

  Lets say I made a method that can tabulate the total of x and y. total = [self totalThemUp x:30 y:50]; Is self correctly used? Why so? I don't see any object in particular that is acted on. Thanks for your help!

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