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• HTG Explains: How Antivirus Software Works

  - by Chris Hoffman

  Antivirus programs are powerful pieces of software that are essential on Windows computers. If you’ve ever wondered how antivirus programs detect viruses, what they’re doing on your computer, and whether you need to perform regular system scans yourself, read on. An antivirus program is an essential part of a multi-layered security strategy – even if you’re a smart computer user, the constant stream of vulnerabilities for browsers, plug-ins, and the Windows operating system itself make antivirus protection important. 8 Deadly Commands You Should Never Run on Linux 14 Special Google Searches That Show Instant Answers How To Create a Customized Windows 7 Installation Disc With Integrated Updates

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• Trouble installing downloaded program

  - by Hamlette

  I purchased and downloaded Celtx and I'm having trouble installing it (in Ubuntu 13.04). I'm a Linux newbie (literally had it for four days) so please be kind and don't assume much experience with the command line, I'm still learning. The folder with all related files/packages etc. is under "Downloads" and I have tried several commands to try and install but I'm just not doing it right and would appreciate help with exactly what command(s) to use. Sudo apt-get install celtx did not work. I'm assuming I'm missing a step somewhere.

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• client website compromised, found a strange .php file. any ideas?

  - by Kevin Strong

  I do support work for a web development company and I found a suspicious file today on the website of one of our clients called "hope.php" which contained several eval(gzuncompress(base64_decode('....'))) commands (which on a site like this, usually indicates that they've been hacked). Searching for the compromised site on google, we got a bunch of results which link to hope.php with various query strings that seem to generate different groups of seo terms like so: (the second result from the top is legitimate, all the rest are not) Here is the source of "hope.php": http://pastebin.com/7Ss4NjfA And here is the decoded version I got by replacing the eval()s with echo(): http://pastebin.com/m31Ys7q5 Any ideas where this came from or what it is doing? I've of course already removed the file from the server, but I've never seen code like this so I'm rather curious as to its origin. Where could I go to find more info about something like this?

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• ATI graphics card, with gnome shell, screen flickers

  - by bioShark

  After installing gnome shell, without any problem, after log in the fonts are missing and it looks like crap...nothing is readable. Don't want to make it a double post, because my issue is similar to the one from this question but for me the problems have not been solved properly. After running the commands from that post, and installing the latest AMD 11.10 driver, the Gnome shell display issues have been solved. But each time I move the mouse in the upper left corner, to bring up the applications...my entire screen flickers. Without the applications been displayed, everything looks fine. Hardware: ATI HD4870, Intel Q6600.

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• 10.04 wont boot after power outage

  - by Pat

  After unexpected power outage 10.04 won't boot, the following message appears mount: mounting /dev/disk/by-uuid/***************************** on /root failed: Invalid argument mount: mounting /sys on /root/sys failed: No such file or directory mount: mounting /dev on /root/dev failed: No such file or directory mount: mounting /sys on /root/sys failed: No such file or directory mount: mounting /proc on /root/proc failed: No such file or directory Target file system doesn't have /sbin/init No init found. Try passing init= bootarg Busybox v1.13.3 (Ubuntu 1:1.13.3-1ubuntu7) built-in shell (ash) Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands (initramfs) _ I have tried rebooting from a liveCD but it wont boot and I cannot open a terminal to try to fix it by sudo fdisk -l as recommended on other posts. Any help would be greatly appreciated

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• Ubuntu installed along side Win 8 but not shown in boot

  - by Mahesha999

  Actually the question says it all, but let me tell you what I did, so u may find exactly what might have went wrong: I have Win 8 installed on 500 GB HDD. SO I shrunk it four times for: partition 1 - the original partition containing Win 8 sys (118GB) partition 2 - NTFS formatted for my data (188GB) partition 3 - NTFS formatted for my data (100GB) partition 4 - NTFS formatted for Linux distro 1 (I reformatted it to ext4 during Ubuntu installation) (25GB) partition 5 - NTFS formatted for Linux distro 1 (21GB) So now I booted Ubuntu from USB (created from ubuntu-12.04-desktop-amd64.iso) and deleted last two partitions 4 and 5 to create: partition 1 - ext4 where I installed Ubuntu (25GB) partition 2 - Swap (4GB) partition 3 - unallocated space, not formatted yet (17GB) Ubuntu installation said it installed successfully and that I have to restart to boot in Ubuntu. But when I restart Windows 8 auto booted - there was no dual boot. After that I devided above 100GB partition to 80Gb and 20GB ones (since I read online that I should have /home in separate partition for convenience, so I created 20GB partition for it) So I went on to manually create boot entry using EasyBCD as below show in picture at below link http://s19.postimage.org/dof2zuvw3/Free_BCD.png When I created the entry, FreeBCD showed the information as follows: Windows Boot Manager -------------------- identifier {9dea862c-5cdd-4e70-acc1-f32b344d4795} device partition=\Device\HarddiskVolume2 description Windows Boot Manager locale en-US inherit {7ea2e1ac-2e61-4728-aaa3-896d9d0a9f0e} integrityservices Enable default {ea8167ad-d189-11e1-90e4-ab2f09569dcc} resumeobject {ea8167a3-d189-11e1-90e4-ab2f09569dcc} displayorder {ea8167ad-d189-11e1-90e4-ab2f09569dcc} {ea8167b1-d189-11e1-90e4-ab2f09569dcc} toolsdisplayorder {b2721d73-1db4-4c62-bf78-c548a880142d} timeout 10 displaybootmenu Yes Windows Boot Loader ------------------- identifier {ea8167ad-d189-11e1-90e4-ab2f09569dcc} device partition=C: path \Windows\system32\winload.exe description Windows 8 locale en-US osdevice partition=C: systemroot \Windows resumeobject {9bc7fdf7-3ae0-11e2-be77-806e6f6e6963} Real-mode Boot Sector --------------------- identifier {ea8167b1-d189-11e1-90e4-ab2f09569dcc} device partition=C: path \NST\AutoNeoGrub0.mbr description Ubuntu Notice the last bolded entry created. Howevever after thet, when I rebooted it firstly showed old DOS like bootloader (no Windows 8 UI based bootloader) with two entries Windows and Ubuntu. Windows 8 was booting correctly but I was getting an error while booting Ubuntu taking me to GRUB Rescue. Please help am new to Linux world.

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• Gnome 3 Shell extensions not working on Ubuntu 12.4 [closed]

  - by user63960

  Possible Duplicate: Gnome Shell Extension Empty I just upgraded to Ubuntu 12.4 running on a Win 7 box via VBox and switched the user interface to Gnome 3 but have a problem. In Advanced Settings (gnome tweak), the Shell Extensions window has no listings and the Theme window shows a "caution" triangle next to the Shell theme drop box. I have re-installed the default extensions using the Noobs Lab posted instructions: sudo apt-get install shell-extensions3.4 sudo apt-get install gnome-shell-extensions The commands appear to complete without error. Symptoms are: Gnome 2 visual appearance and no window borders or controls. To close a window, I have to click the window indicator in the sys tray and select the close menu item. Any ideas?

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• Checking for collisions on a 3D heightmap

  - by Piku

  I have a 3D heightmap drawn using OpenGL (which isn't important). It's represented by a 2D array of height data. To draw this I go through the array using each point as a vertex. Three vertices are wound together to form a triangle, two triangles to make a quad. To stop the whole mesh being tiny I scale this by a certain amount called 'gridsize'. This produces a fairly nice and lumpy, angular terrain kind of similar to something you'd see in old Atari/Amiga or DOS '3D' games (think Virus/Zarch on the Atari ST). I'm now trying to work out how to do collision with the terrain, testing to see if the player is about to collide with a piece of scenery sticking upwards or fall into a hole. At the moment I am simply dividing the player's co-ordinates by the gridsize to find which vertex the player is on top of and it works well when the player is exactly over the corner of a triangle piece of terrain. However... How can I make it more accurate for the bits between the vertices? I get confused since they don't exist in my heightmap data, they're a product of the GPU trying to draw a triangle between three points. I can calculate the height of the point closest to the player, but not the space between them. I.e if the player is hovering over the centre of one of these 'quads', rather than over the corner vertex of one, how do I work out the height of the terrain below them? Later on I may want the player to slide down the slopes in the terrain.

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• external disk dont work on ubuntu

  - by Skirki

  i have problem with in my ubuntu: when i connect external imation apollo disc i dont see a file system. Disk is working because in windows OS on this same computer it works as well. when i typed dmesg i got following logs [12913.260078] usb 4-1: new low speed USB device using ohci_hcd and address 15 [12913.440072] usb 4-1: device descriptor read/64, error -62 [12913.730058] usb 4-1: device descriptor read/64, error -62 [12914.020085] usb 4-1: new low speed USB device using ohci_hcd and address 16 [12914.200082] usb 4-1: device descriptor read/64, error -62 [12914.490150] usb 4-1: device descriptor read/64, error -62 [12914.780064] usb 4-1: new low speed USB device using ohci_hcd and address 17 [12915.200070] usb 4-1: device not accepting address 17, error -62 [12915.380081] usb 4-1: new low speed USB device using ohci_hcd and address 18 [12915.800065] usb 4-1: device not accepting address 18, error -62 [12915.800100] hub 4-0:1.0: unable to enumerate USB device on port 1 i trying to fix that by use commands: cd /sys/bus/pci/drivers/ehci_hcd echo -n "0000:00:02.1" unbind but it did not match the result and i don't have any other idea

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• Kernel Panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0) after apt-get upgrade

  - by Edward

  I'm using Ubuntu 9.1 server edition, I get this error during boot time after I ran sudo apt-get upgrade when checking my kernel version, uname -r returns 2.6.31-14-generic but when i run dpkg -l 'linux-image*' | grep ^.i I cannot find 2.6.31-14 (only contains 2.6.32*) Following the solution in the thread: Kernel Panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0) doesn't work for me I'm running the commands inside the Rescue mode by booting from the Ubuntu 9.1 Installation Disc Do I need to update my kernel and run update-initramfs + update-grub again? If so, how can I update the kernel? apt-get install any linux-headers/image cannot change the uname -r value Thanks!

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• How do I re-install Samba?

  - by Sheldon

  I recently followed a guide to configure Samba but I couldn't get it configured properly. After realizing that the guide was six years out of date I thought I should start again. I reinstalled samba by first using these commands: sudo apt-get purge samba sudo apt-get install samba But after reading my configuration file (/etc/samba/smb.conf) I noticed that it was the same file, containing the same edits I had made. I then proceeded to delete the directory and then re-install samba again. However, the directory is not replaced after re-instillation and now I don't appear to have a configuration file. How do I get it back? Or install Samba correctly?

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• Intel N10 graphics

  - by Rapsag1980

  Español: Buen día. Instalé en una notebook ubuntu 12.04 pero me da el problema que solamente me da dos resoluciones de pantallas 800x600 y 1024x768... En la primera se ve muy grotesca la pantalla y en la segunda se ve bien, pero falta un pedazo de pantalla arriba y abajo... He tratado de buscar información sobre el tema pero parece uno de esos "bugs" que no han conseguido ser erradicados... Intenté hacer el Xorg.conf y esas cosas y nomas no se puede... Recurro a su sapiencia y experiencia en este tipo de problemas... La mini es una Lanix Neuron lt, procesador intel atom n450 y la tarjeta Intel corporation N10 family integrated graphics controller.... Inglés: Good day. I installed ubuntu 12.04 on a notebook but I get the problem that only gives me two screen resolutions of 800x600 and 1024x768 ... The first screen looks very grotesque and the second looks good, but missing a piece of screen up and down ... I tried to find information on the subject but it seems one of those "bugs" that have failed to be eradicated ... I tried to do the Xorg.conf nomas and stuff and you can not ... I appeal to your wisdom and experience in this kind of problem ... The mini is a Neuron Lanix lt, Intel Atom N450 processor and the Intel integrated graphics family corporation N10 controller ....

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• command-line zip not working

  - by ptriek

  I have a Wordpress site on a Debian/Linux dedicated server, with a Backupbuddy plugin for making automatic backups. The plugin, however, gives an error 'Your server does not support command line ZIP'. My knowledge of Linux commands is very limited, but I managed installing zip with the command sudo apt-get install zip However, I still get the same error message. Plugin documentation mentions the problem could also be caused by disabled exec() or safe_mode - but exec isn't disabled, and safe_mode is off. Any ideas what might be causing this, or how to fix it? The only thing I could think of, is it might be caused by wrong permissions?

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• Installing linux on OCZ RevoDrive3 x2

  - by user2101712

  First of all, here is the configuration of my computer: Motherboard: Asus H87Plus RAM: Corsair Vengeance 32GB Processor: Intel i7 4770 Drive: OCZ RevoDrive 3 x2 (240 GB) (OCZ Revodrive3 is a PCIe module) I am trying to install the latest version of Ubuntu Desktop (13.10). The problem is that in the UEFI (bios) the drive shows up as a 240 GB drive, but in the Ubuntu installer it shows up as two 120 GB drives. If I install Ubuntu in any of these two drives, it never boots. The screen flickers a few times and comes back to the UEFI menu. I have tried reading up and have come across information that the drive has a "fakeraid", and the solution is to use dmraid. However, when I give the following commands in the terminal (from live CD): # modprobe dm_mod # dmraid -ay it says: no raid disks. And the following command: # ls -la /dev/mapper/ just shows /dev/mapper/control How can I install Ubuntu on my computer? what is the correct method?

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• Install vim offline

  - by rosemary

  I have Ubuntu 12.04.02 desktop in my college Lab of around 15 pcs with no internet connection. I used to install packages : sudo apt-get install vim It was just fine. But, now I want to install vim locally(i.e.,using a pendrive or CD drive). Where and how can I accomplish this,as I am new to it. Through googling, I could get some sites offering packages, but I have merely any idea on how to carry on: https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/precise/+source/vim http://www.ubuntuupdates.org/package/core/precise/main/base/vim http://pkgs.org/ubuntu-12.04/ubuntu-main-i386/vim-gnome_7.3.429-2ubuntu2_i386.deb.html What should I exactly download and where to store it in my ubuntu machine and run commands to properly install vim offline? Any word of advice is appreciated!

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• Ubuntu running like mud, system hangs and looks like its running at 3FPS

  - by user240803

  the system specks: AMD XP 3200+ 1GB DDR 333 RAM 160 GB HD IDE NVIDIA FX 5500 AGP Video Card Compaq Presario sr1230nx the system takes forever to boot and when it does it runs like total mud, reminds me of an overloaded system that has too many windows open or something... fresh install tried soo many thing like new memory (it had 512 stick) a new video card (onboard 8mb sis sounded like the problem, but wasn't... has gotten a little faster now but not by much) tried to disable all the things on the motherboard that could be, with no help... this machine runs windows XP, 7, and 8 JUST FINE!!! I mean for a single core CPU WIN8 runs AWESOME!!! BUT I already have a Gaming Desktop that has Windows 8 pro I want a Linux machine to get some time in and learn a few things... I want Ubuntu because of the Software center so I can install things I want until I am familiar with the command line.. I've worked on Computers since I was 12 I remember some of the DOS commands but I guess these are a little different... anyway any ideas? Ive also tried both drivers for the NVIDA card and that didn't help either... its not the card since it did this with both the NVIDA card and the SIS onboard... it also does this on live mode with the USB so I don't think its the HardDrive... I'm running out of options of hardware to try... I know this version of Linux works cuz Ive booted it on other machines and it ran great... what is with this Compaq? here is a vid of exactly what its doing... let me know if you need anything else I am right by the comptuer tonight so ask anything... http://youtu.be/-P-XNo81098

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• Wireless connection keeps losing connection

  - by Santiago

  I'm having this annoying problem with my Ubuntu 12.04.1, upgraded from 10.04. The thing is that my wireless connection keeps going out of connection every 15-20 minutes, and sometimes I have to reboot my laptop. I've started having this problem about 1 month ago, but back in my 10.04 I had the same problem. If anyone has any idea it would be great. Also any info you need about the laptop, please tell me the commands I need to run to give it to you. Thanks and hope you help me.

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• Lost Windows 7 files

  - by Pader

  My intention was to have a dual boot system with Ubuntu and Windows 7. Obviously I did something wrong because although I had a system menu on booting (is it normal to appear DOS-like?) which gave me an option of booting into windows 7, I was unable to do so. Also, when I booted into Ubuntu, my Windows 7 drive was not available. The Windows 7 drive was an internal 1TB drive partitioned into a 200GB (OS) and a second partition making up the remainder. I was still unable to access this Windows 7 drive even after deleting Ubuntu as I kept getting an 'requires an NTFS drive' error, or something similar. I could not even re-install Windows 7 as the disk was not recognised. I did eventually get the drive back by but I cannot for the life of me remember how. I did try to recover my lost W7 data using Ontrack Easy Recovery (which has always been succesfull in the past for post format recovery) but it would not recognise the 1TB although it was now formatted as NTFS. From other posts on this site, I gather that this is considered a 'Windows 7 Site' problem by Linux users. However, I would dearly love to recover some of my lost Windows 7 files. I had resigned myself to a lot of lost personal data but I happened to notice that a 2TB drive I had connected through a USB docking station had been repartitioned. It must have happened when I installed Ubuntu as I can think of no other explanation. I certainly do not remember consciously requiring Ubuntu to do this. The additional two partitions on the 2TB drive, the original Windows

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• What scripts get run on session start and end?

  - by maaartinus

  I want to mount and unmount an encrypted partition just like ecryptfs works with the home partition. Where can I put my commands so that they get executed upon session start and session end (the important part is the unmounting when I log out). UPDATE: For the session start I'm using .gnomerc and it does what I want. For the session end I've found no solution. I had a look at the sources of ecryptfs and it looks quite complicated. It's a pity that nobody thought about creating something analog to .bash_logout.

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• How to Create a Folder from Selected Files in Windows

  - by Lori Kaufman

  We’ve previously written about a tool that allows you to create a bunch of folders at one time from a list of words or phrases. However, what if you want to create one or more folders from a bunch of selected text files? There’s a simple, free tool, called Files 2 Folder, that allows you to do that. Installing Files 2 Folder adds an option to the context menu for Windows Explorer. Simply extract the .zip file you downloaded (see the link at the end of this article). Right-click on the Files2Folder.exe file and select Run as administrator. If the User Account Control dialog box displays, click Yes to continue. 8 Deadly Commands You Should Never Run on Linux 14 Special Google Searches That Show Instant Answers How To Create a Customized Windows 7 Installation Disc With Integrated Updates

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• What's a good open source cloud computing software? [closed]

  - by boy

  In particular, the "cloud" computing that I'm referring to is: I'm going to get some Linux servers. Then I have pretty big computing tasks to do every day. So my goal is to be able to run some shell command to request an "instance" (ie, if a server has 4 CPU, then the computing software will configure that server to have 4 instances, assuming all my tasks are single thread). Ideally, then I can run the following command: ./addjobs somebatchfile where somebatch file contains one command per line ./removejobs all ./listalljobs (ie, everything is done in shell. And the "computing software" can return me the hostname that's available in some environment variable, etc) And that's all I needed. I run into OpenStack.. but it seems too complicated for this purpose (ie, it does all the Imagine sharing stuff, etc).. All I want, is something SIMPLE that manages the Linux boxes for me and I'm just going to run shell commands on them... Is there such open source software? Thanks,

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• How to reverse file ownership and permission settings

  - by pandisvezia

  I installed LAMP and WordPress on my system a week ago. Since I couldn't create Child Themes in WordPress and work with PHP folders for my other projects collocated in var/www without using Nautilus I wanted to solve the permissions issue. I hoped to bring a solution carrying out the commands on this page for my WordPress folder: http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FileSystemPermissions. This allowed me to play with any file in the folder like creating and modifying .css files through WP Admin, etc. But after a restart I discovered that I can't change DNS settings of my network connections in the list anymore because it is asking me the root password and even though I enter the password it doesn't let me do the action giving "insufficient privileges" error. Can you help me correct the mistake I possibily made during the configuration and, maybe, configure again the permission and ownership settings for var/www/somefolder as it is adviced to be configured under general circumstances? Thanks in advance!

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• How to connect to the internet via command line or graphical utility given I can't click at the top of the screen?

  - by Ben

  My Ubuntu 12.04 installation has an input problem resulting preventing me from clicking near the top of the screen. That is, there is an unclickable area, circa 60 pixels high and stretching all the way across the screen. I will ask about this in a later question. For now, I would just like to be able to connect to the internet, given this limitation. I am able to access the network connections application by hitting the super key and typing "network connections". There is a LAN and a wireless network available. The network icon in the bar at the top of the screen shows an empty wedge, which I suppose means that wireless is off. I've attached the cable for the Ethernet connection, but it does not seem to have connected automatically. How can I figure out what's going on? (I'll happily edit in the output of any relevant terminal commands.) Thank you.

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• 12.04 - Disable the HUD trigger key [ALT] in Emacs & Terminal

  - by EoghanM

  An answer on How to disable HUD in Unity 2D? points to https://bugs.launchpad.net/unity-2d/+bug/947613 where the ALT key will be made reconfigurable. Apart from emacs usage, I'm reasonably happy with using the ALT key to bring up the HUD. While using emacs though, the ALT key is tapped frequently to invoke commands. Should emacs be special cased with respect to the ALT key? I'm wondering what the situation is with games; surely lots of games repurpose the ALT key for their own use, e.g. to fire a weapon? If so, could the same be applied to Emacs, i.e. prevent the ALT key in emacs from triggering the HUD. Edit: just realized how extensively I use the ALT key in the terminal: a quick tap of ALT+B to move back a word loses focus of the terminal and brings up the HUD. Aghch

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• Error installing gPodder

  - by Ron Webb

  A few weeks ago (newbie alert!) I started using XUbuntu 12.04 with Xfce 4.8. I'm trying to install gPodder Podcast Client (see https://launchpad.net/~thp/+archive/gpodder). I've added the PPA via terminal commands as instructed. When I click the Install button in the Ubuntu Software Centre I get the following error: Package dependencies cannot be resolved This error could be caused by required additional software packages which are missing or not installable. Furthermore there could be a conflict between software packages which are not allowed to be installed at the same time. Details: The following packages have unmet dependencies: gpodder: Depends: python-webkit but it is not going to be installed What do I need to do? Just to make thing more complicated -- I'm not sure, but before I found the launchpad.net link, I think I may have tried to install gPodder from the default Ubuntu repositories (also unsuccessfully). There may be remnants of the previous attempt still installed, which may be blocking the new install. Where/how can I find them?

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