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• Translate Java to Python -- signing strings with PEM certificate files

  - by erikcw

  I'm trying to translate the follow Java into its Python equivalent. // certificate is contents of https://fps.sandbox.amazonaws.com/certs/090909/PKICert.pem // signature is a string that I need to verify. CertificateFactory factory = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509"); X509Certificate x509Certificate = (X509Certificate) factory.generateCertificate(new ByteArrayInputStream(certificate.getBytes())); Signature signatureInstance = Signature.getInstance(signatureAlgorithm); signatureInstance.initVerify(x509Certificate.getPublicKey()); signatureInstance.update(stringToSign.getBytes(UTF_8_Encoding)); return signatureInstance.verify(Base64.decodeBase64(signature.getBytes())); This is for the PKI signature verification used by AWS FPS. http://docs.amazonwebservices.com/AmazonFPS/latest/FPSAccountManagementGuide/VerifyingSignature.html Thanks for your help!

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• python urllib post question

  - by paul

  hello ALL im making some simple python post script but it not working well. there is 2 part to have to login. first login is using 'http://mybuddy.buddybuddy.co.kr/userinfo/UserInfo.asp' this one. and second login is using 'http://user.buddybuddy.co.kr/usercheck/UserCheckPWExec.asp' i can login first login page, but i couldn't login second page website. and return some error 'illegal access' such like . i heard this is related with some cooke but i don't know how to implement to resolve this problem. if anyone can help me much appreciated!! Thanks! import re,sys,os,mechanize,urllib,time import datetime,socket params = urllib.urlencode({'ID':'ph896011', 'PWD':'pk1089' }) rq = mechanize.Request("http://mybuddy.buddybuddy.co.kr/userinfo/UserInfo.asp", params) rs = mechanize.urlopen(rq) data = rs.read() logged_fail = r';history.back();</script>' in data if not logged_fail: print 'login success' try: params = urllib.urlencode({'PASSWORD':'pk1089'}) rq = mechanize.Request("http://user.buddybuddy.co.kr/usercheck/UserCheckPWExec.asp", params ) rs = mechanize.urlopen(rq) data = rs.read() print data except: print 'error'

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• Python Instance Variable as Default Parameter

  - by DuneBug

  Hello, I have am writing a Python function that takes a timeout value as a parameter. Normally, the user will always use the same timeout value, but on occasion he may want to wait slightly longer. The timeout value is stored as a class instance variable. I want to use the class' timeout instance variable as the default parameter. Currently, I am implementing this as follows: def _writeAndWait (self, string, timeout = -1): if (timeout == -1): timeout = self._timeout I was just wondering, is the proper way to use an instance variable as a default parameter? Or is there a better way that would avoid the "if" check? Thanks, Ryan

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• Which Python API should be used with Mongo DB and Django

  - by Thomas

  I have been going back and forth over which Python API to use when interacting with Mongo. I did a quick survey of the landscape and identified three leading candidates. PyMongo MongoEngine Ming If you were designing a new content-heavy website using the django framework, what API would you choose and why? MongoEngine looks like it was built specifically with Django in mind. PyMongo appears to be a thin wrapper around Mongo. It has a lot of power, though loses a lot of the abstractions gained through using django as a framework. Ming represents an interesting middle ground between PyMongo and MongoEngine, though I haven't had the opportunity to take it for a test drive.

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• using a "temporary files" folder in python

  - by zubin71

  I recently wrote a script which queries PyPI and downloads a package; however, the package gets downloaded to a user defined folder. I`d like to modify the script in such a way that my downloaded files go into a temporary folder, if the folder is not specified. The temporary-files folder in *nix machines is "/tmp" ; would there be any Python method I could use to find out the temporary-files folder in a particular machine? If not, could someone suggest an alternative to this problem?

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• Assignment in python for loop possible?

  - by flyingcrab

  I have a dictionary d (and a seperate sorted list of keys, keys). I wanted the loop to only process entries where the value is False - so i tried the following: for key in keys and not d[key]: #do foo I suppose my understanding of python sytax is not what i thought it was - because the assignment doesnt suppose to have happened above, and a i get an instanciation error. The below works of course, but I'd really like to be able to use something like the code above.. possible? for key in keys: if d[key]: continue #foo time! Thanks!

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• Python virtualenv conflicting

  - by Fernando

  I'm trying to learn Django, so I started by reading about virtualenv. After installing it with pip (, I end up with: ... sudo pip install virtualenv) ... virtualenv paths virtualenv at /usr/local/bin/virtualenv and virtualenv-2.7 at /usr/local/bin/virtualenv-2.7 If I use virtualenv-2.7 it seems to work fine, but if I use virtualenv, new modules get added to /usr/local/bin, instead of being inside the environment. Example cd ~ virtualenv v1 source v1/bin/activate easy_install yolk which yolk # /usr/local/bin If I use virtualenv-2-7, yolk gets installed correctly inside v1. Did I mess up the installation? How can I fix this? (maybe uninstall virtualenv and start over). Thanks for any help! Edit: I figured i have two easy_install bins /usr/bin/easy_install-2.7 and /usr/bin/easy_install easy_install --version distribute 0.6.24dev-r0 easy_install-2.7 --version distribute 0.6.24dev-r0 so this may be the cause of problems. More info: python version: 2.7.3 virtualenv version: 1.10.1

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• Python urllib2 Basic Auth Problem

  - by Simon

  I'm having a problem sending basic AUTH over urllib2. I took a look at this article, and followed the example. My code: passman = urllib2.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm() passman.add_password(None, "api.foursquare.com", username, password) urllib2.install_opener(urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPBasicAuthHandler(passman))) req = urllib2.Request("http://api.foursquare.com/v1/user") f = urllib2.urlopen(req) data = f.read() I'm seeing the following on the Wire via wireshark: GET /v1/user HTTP/1.1 Host: api.foursquare.com Connection: close Accept-Encoding: gzip User-Agent: Python-urllib/2.5 You can see the Authorization is not sent, vs. when I send a request via curl: curl -u user:password http://api.foursquare.com/v1/user GET /v1/user HTTP/1.1 Authorization: Basic =SNIP= User-Agent: curl/7.19.4 (universal-apple-darwin10.0) libcurl/7.19.4 OpenSSL/0.9.8k zlib/1.2.3 Host: api.foursquare.com Accept: */* For some reason my code seems to not send the authentication - anyone see what I'm missing? thanks -simon

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• A question about "empty" lists in Python

  - by bitrex

  I've started teaching myself Python, and as an exercise I've set myself the task of generating lookup tables I need for another project. I need to generate a list of 256 elements in which each element is the value of math.sin(2pi/256). The problem is I don't know how to generate a list initialized to "dummy" values that I can then use a for loop to step through and assign the values of the sin function. Using list[] seems to create an "empty" list, but with no elements so I get a "list assignment index out of range" error in the loop. Is there a way to this other than explicitly creating a list declaration containing 256 elements all with "0" as a value? Thanks!

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• Dynamically evaluating simple boolean logic in Python

  - by a paid nerd

  I've got some dynamically-generated boolean logic expressions, like: (A or B) and (C or D) A or (A and B) A empty - evaluates to True The placeholders get replaced with booleans. Should I, Convert this information to a Python expression like True or (True or False) and eval it? Create a binary tree where a node is either a bool or Conjunction/Disjunction object and recursively evaluate it? Convert it into nested S-expressions and use a Lisp parser? Something else? Suggestions welcome.

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• Python + MySQLdb executemany

  - by lhahne

  I'm using Python and its MySQLdb module to import some measurement data into a Mysql database. The amount of data that we have is quite high (currently about ~250 MB of csv files and plenty of more to come). Currently I use cursor.execute(...) to import some metadata. This isn't problematic as there are only a few entries for these. The problem is that when I try to use cursor.executemany() to import larger quantities of the actual measurement data, MySQLdb raises a TypeError: not all arguments converted during string formatting My current code is def __insert_values(self, values): cursor = self.connection.cursor() cursor.executemany(""" insert into values (ensg, value, sampleid) values (%s, %s, %s)""", values) cursor.close() where values is a list of tuples containing three strings each. Any ideas what could be wrong with this? Edit: The values are generated by yield (prefix + row['id'], row['value'], sample_id) and then read into a list one thousand at a time where row is and iterator coming from csv.DictReader.

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• Python script to get the datas from the flex application

  - by nimmyliji

  Hi, I am making a simple Python CGI script that collects data(in xml format) from a flex application and I want to insert it into the mysql database . In perl The script is looks like the following... my @samplexml=$cgi-param("Items"); my $data=$xml-XMLin("@samplexml"); foreach my $e(@{$data-{Group}}) { my $sample="Insert into details(title,Parent,Istreeitem) Values('$e-{title}','$e-{Parent}','$e-{IsTreeItem}')"; my $sam=$dbo-prepare($sample); $sam-execute(); } But I want to know how to write these codes in pytrhon script.... Any one can help me? Thanks in advance. Nimmy.

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• python global variable trouble

  - by Guanidene

  I am having troubles using global variables in python... In my program, i have declared 2 global variables, global SYNC_DATA and global SYNC_TOTAL_SIZE Now in one of my functions, I am able to use the global variable SYNC_DATA without declaring it as global again in the function; however , I am not able to use the other global variable SYNC_TOTAL_SIZE in the same way. I have to declare the latter as global in the function again to use it. I get this error if i use it without declaring as global in the function - "UnboundLocalError: local variable 'SYNC_TOTAL_SIZE' referenced before assignment" Why is it so that sometimes I can access global variables without declaring them as global in functions and sometimes not? And why Is it that we have to again declare it as global in the function when it is already declared once in the beginning... Why doesn`t the function just check the variable in the global namespace if it does not find it in its namespace directly?

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• How to stop Python program execution in IDLE

  - by joaoc

  I have a python script that uses plt.show() as it's last instruction. When it runs IDLE just hangs after the last instruction. I get the image but I don't get the prompt back. On other scripts I typically use ctrl-c to break the program (sometimes doesn't work immediately) but how do I get the prompt back with the plt.show()? Ctrl-c doesn't work... Are there other ways to stop the program? This is IDLE on Windows, if it makes any difference.

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• Python "Every Other Element" Idiom

  - by Matt Luongo

  Hey guys, I feel like I spend a lot of time writing code in Python, but not enough time creating Pythonic code. Recently I ran into a funny little problem that I thought might have an easy, idiomatic solution. Paraphrasing the original, I needed to collect every sequential pair in a list. For example, given the list [1,2,3,4,5,6], I wanted to compute [(1,2),(3,4),(5,6)]. I came up with a quick solution at the time that looked like translated Java. Revisiting the question, the best I could do was l = [1,2,3,4,5,6] [(l[2*x],l[2*x+1]) for x in range(len(l)/2)] which has the side effect of tossing out the last number in the case that the length isn't even. Is there a more idiomatic approach that I'm missing, or is this the best I'm going to get?

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• Python Windows File Copy with Wildcard Support

  - by Wang Dingwei

  I've been doing this all the time: result = subprocess.call(['copy', '123*.xml', 'out_folder\\.', '/y']) if result == 0: do_something() else: do_something_else() Until today I started to look into pywin32 modules, then I saw functions like win32file.CopyFiles(), but then I found it may not support copying files to a directory. Maybe this functionality is hidden somewhere, but I haven't found it yet. I've also tried "glob" and "shutil" combination, but "glob" is incredibly slow if there are many files. So, how do you emulate this Windows command with Python? copy 123*.xml out_folder\. /y

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• How to import classes into other classes within the same file in Python

  - by Chris

  I have the file below and it is part of a django project called projectmanager, this file is projectmanager/projects/models.py . Whenever I use the python interpreter to import a Project just to test the functionality i get a name error for line 8 that FileRepo() cannot be found. How Can I import these classes correctly? Ideally what I am looking for is each Project to contain multiple FileRepos which each contain and unknown number of files. Thanks for any assistance in advance. #imports from django.db import models from django.contrib import admin #Project is responsible for ensuring that each project contains all of the folders and file storage #mechanisms a project needs, as well as a unique CCL# class Project(models.Model): ccl = models.CharField(max_length=30) Techpacks = FileRepo() COAS = FileRepo() Shippingdocs = FileRepo() POchemspecs = FileRepo() Internalpos = FileRepo() Finalreports = FileRepo() Batchrecords = FileRepo() RFPS = FileRepo() Businessdev = FileRepo() QA = FileRepo() Updates = FileRepo() def __unicode__(self): return self.ccl #ProjectFile is the file object used by each FileRepo component class ProjectFile(models.Model): file = models.FileField(uploadto='ProjectFiles') def __unicode__(self): return self.file #FileRepo is the model for the "folders" to be used in a Project class FileRepo(models.Model): typeOf = models.CharField(max_length=30) files = models.ManyToManyField(ProjectFile) def __unicode__(self): return self.typeOf

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• Detect and record a sound with python

  - by Jean-Pierre

  I'm using this program to record a sound in python: import pyaudio import wave import sys chunk = 1024 FORMAT = pyaudio.paInt16 CHANNELS = 1 RATE = 44100 RECORD_SECONDS = 5 WAVE_OUTPUT_FILENAME = "output.wav" p = pyaudio.PyAudio() stream = p.open(format = FORMAT, channels = CHANNELS, rate = RATE, input = True, frames_per_buffer = chunk) print "* recording" all = [] for i in range(0, RATE / chunk * RECORD_SECONDS): data = stream.read(chunk) all.append(data) print "* done recording" stream.close() p.terminate() write data to WAVE file data = ''.join(all) wf = wave.open(WAVE_OUTPUT_FILENAME, 'wb') wf.setnchannels(CHANNELS) wf.setsampwidth(p.get_sample_size(FORMAT)) wf.setframerate(RATE) wf.writeframes(data) wf.close() I want to change the program to start recording when sound is detected by the sound card input. Probably should compare the input sound level in Chunk, but how do this?

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• Regex to match the first file in a rar archive file set in Python

  - by mridang

  I need to uncompress all the files in a directory and for this I need to find the first file in the set. I'm currently doing this using a bunch of if statements and loops. Can i do this this using regex? Here's a list of files that i need to match: yes.rar yes.part1.rar yes.part01.rar yes.part001.rar yes.r01 yes.r001 These should NOT be matched: no.part2.rar no.part02.rar no.part002.rar no.part011.rar no.r002 no.r02 I found a similar regex on this thread but it seems that Python doesn't support varible length lookarounds. A single line regex would be complicated but I'll document it well and it's not a problem. It's just one of those problems you beat your heap up, over. Thanks in advance guys. :)

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• Regex pattern problem in python

  - by mridang

  I need to extract parts of a string using regex in Python. I'm good with basic regex but I'm terrible at lookarounds. I've shown two sample records below. The last big is always a currency field e.g. in the first one it is 4,76. In the second one it is 2,00. The second has an account number that is the pattern of \d{6}-\d{6}. Anything after that is the currency. 24.02 24.02VALINTATALO MEGAHERTSI4,76- 24.02 24.02DOE MRIDANG 157235-1234582,00- Could you help me out with this regex? What I've written so far is given below but it considers everything after the 'dash' in the account number to be the currency. .*?(\d\d\.\d\d)(.*?)\s*(?<!\d{6}-\d{6})(\d*,\d\d) Thanks in advance

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• making urllib request in Python from the client side

  - by mridang

  Hi Guys, I've written a Python application that makes web requests using the urllib2 library after which it scrapes the data. I could deploy this as a web application which means all urllib2 requests go through my web-server. This leads to the danger of the server's IP being banned due to the high number of web requests for many users. The other option is to create an desktop application which I don't want to do. Is there any way I could deploy my application so that I can get my web-requests through the client side. One way was to use Jython to create an applet but I've read that Java applets can only make web-requests to the server it is deployed on and the only way to to circumvent this is to create a server side proxy which leads us back to the problem of the server's ip getting banned. This might sounds sound like and impossible situation and I'll probably end up creating a desktop application but I thought I'd ask if anyone knew of an alternate solution. Thanks.

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• Filtering by entity key name in Google App Engine on Python

  - by Bemmu

  On Google App Engine to query the data store with Python, one can use GQL or Entity.all() and then filter it. So for example these are equivalent gql = "SELECT * FROM User WHERE age >= 18" db.GqlQuery(gql) and query = User.all() query.filter("age >=", 18) Now, it's also possible to query things by key name. I know that in GQL you do it like this gql = "SELECT * FROM User WHERE __key__ >= Key('User', 'abc')" db.GqlQuery(gql) But how would you now use filter to do the same? query = User.all() query.filter("__key__ >=", ?????)

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• Intersections of 3D polygons in python

  - by Andrew Walker

  Are there any open source tools or libraries (ideally in python) that are available for performing lots of intersections with 3D geometry read from an ESRI shapefile? Most of the tests will be simple line segments vs polygons. I've looked into OGR 1.7.1 / GEOS 3.2.0, and whilst it loads the data correctly, the resulting intersections aren't correct, and most of the other tools available seem to build on this work. Whilst CGAL would have been an alternative, it's license isn't suitable. The Boost generic geometry library looks fantastic, but the api is huge, and doesn't seem to support wkt or wkb readers out of the box.

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• Clean stop of Python bottle webserver when started from subprocess

  - by luc

  Hello all, I would like to embed the great Bottle web framework into a small application (1st target is Windows OS). This app starts the bottle webserver thanks to the subprocess module. import subprocess p = subprocess.Popen('python websrv.py') The bottle app is quite simple @route("/") def index(): return template('index') run(reloader=True) It starts the default webserver into a Windows console. All seems Ok except the fact that I must press Ctrl-C to close the bottle webserver. I would like that the master app terminates the webserver when it shutdowns. I can't find a way to do that (p.terminate() doesn't work in this case unfortunately) Any idea? Thanks in advance

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• algorithm for python itertools.permutations

  - by zaharpopov

  Can someone please explain algorithm for itertools.permutations routine in Python standard lib 2.6? I see its code in the documentation but don't undestand why it work? Thanks Code is: def permutations(iterable, r=None): # permutations('ABCD', 2) --> AB AC AD BA BC BD CA CB CD DA DB DC # permutations(range(3)) --> 012 021 102 120 201 210 pool = tuple(iterable) n = len(pool) r = n if r is None else r if r > n: return indices = range(n) cycles = range(n, n-r, -1) yield tuple(pool[i] for i in indices[:r]) while n: for i in reversed(range(r)): cycles[i] -= 1 if cycles[i] == 0: indices[i:] = indices[i+1:] + indices[i:i+1] cycles[i] = n - i else: j = cycles[i] indices[i], indices[-j] = indices[-j], indices[i] yield tuple(pool[i] for i in indices[:r]) break else: return

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