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  • Object oriented design suggestion

    - by pocoa
    Here is my code: class Soldier { public: Soldier(const string &name, const Gun &gun); string getName(); private: Gun gun; string name; }; class Gun { public: void fire(); void load(int bullets); int getBullets(); private: int bullets; } I need to call all the member functiosn of Gun over a Soldier object. Something like: soldier.gun.fire(); or soldier.getGun().load(15); So which one is a better design? Hiding the gun object as a private member and access it with getGun() function. Or making it a public member? Or I can encapsulate all these functions would make the implementation harder: soldier.loadGun(15); // calls Gun.load() soldier.fire(); // calls Gun.fire() So which one do you think is the best?

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  • Can I avoid explicit 'self'?

    - by bguiz
    I am fairly new to Python and trying to pick it up, so please forgive if this question has a very obvious answer! I have been learning Python by following some pygame tutorials. Therein I found extensive use of the keyword self, and coming from a primarily Java background, I find that I keep forgetting to type self. For example, instead of self.rect.centerx I would type rect.centerx, because, to me, rect is already a member variable of the class. The Java parallel I can think of for this situation is having to prefix all references to member variables with this. Am I stuck prefixing all member variables with self, or is there a way to declare them that would allow me to avoid having to do so? Even if what I am suggesting isn't "pythonic", I'd still like to know if it is possible. I have taken a look at these related SO questions, but they don't quite answer what I am after: Python - why use “self” in a class? Why do you need explicitly have the “self” argument into a Python method?

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  • Access static method from non static class possible in java and not in c#

    - by sagar_kool
    Access static method from non static class with object. It is not possible in C#. Where it is done by JAVA. How it works? example of java /** * Access static member of the class through object. */ import java.io.*; class StaticMemberClass { // Declare a static method. public static void staticDisplay() { System.out.println("This is static method."); } // Declare a non static method. public void nonStaticDisplay() { System.out.println("This is non static method."); } } class StaticAccessByObject { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { // call a static member only by class name. StaticMemberClass.staticDisplay(); // Create object of StaticMemberClass class. StaticMemberClass obj = new StaticMemberClass(); // call a static member only by object. obj.staticDisplay(); // accessing non static method through object. obj.nonStaticDisplay(); } } Output of the program: This is static method. This is static method. This is non static method. How to do this in C#? thanks in advance..

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  • XSL apply templates not working...could be XPath error

    - by AdRock
    I have converted mny stylesheet to use apply templates instead of call templates and it worked fine for my other styesheet, which was more complicated, but this one doesn't seem to work even thought it is a much simpler template. All that it outputs is the sex node and the userlevel node. I think it has to do with my Xpath. All i want is to output the < user information, nothing else <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"> <xsl:template name="hoo" match="/"> <html> <head> <title>Registered Members</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="user.css" /> </head> <body> <h1>Registered Members</h1> <xsl:for-each select="folktask/member/user"> <div class="userdiv"> <xsl:apply-templates/> </div> </xsl:for-each> </body> </html> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="folktask/member/user"> <xsl:apply-templates select="@id"/> <xsl:apply-templates select="personal/name"/> <xsl:apply-templates select="personal/address1"/> <xsl:apply-templates select="personal/city"/> <xsl:apply-templates select="personal/county"/> <xsl:apply-templates select="personal/postcode"/> <xsl:apply-templates select="personal/telephone"/> <xsl:apply-templates select="personal/mobile"/> <xsl:apply-templates select="personal/email"/> <xsl:apply-templates select="personal"/> <xsl:apply-templates select="account/username"/> <xsl:apply-templates select="account"/> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="@id"> <div class="heading bold"><h2>USER ID: <xsl:value-of select="." /></h2></div> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="personal/name"> <div class="small bold">NAME:</div> <div class="large"><xsl:value-of select="." /></div> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="personal/address1"> <div class="small bold">ADDRESS:</div> <div class="large"><xsl:value-of select="." /></div> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="personal/city"> <div class="small bold">CITY:</div> <div class="large"><xsl:value-of select="." /></div> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="personal/county"> <div class="small bold">COUNTY:</div> <div class="large"><xsl:value-of select="." /></div> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="personal/postcode"> <div class="small bold">POSTCODE:</div> <div class="large"><xsl:value-of select="." /></div> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="personal/telephone"> <div class="small bold">TELEPHONE:</div> <div class="large"><xsl:value-of select="." /></div> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="personal/mobile"> <div class="small bold">MOBILE:</div> <div class="large"><xsl:value-of select="." /> </div> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="personal/email"> <div class="small bold">EMAIL:</div> <div class="large"> <xsl:element name="a"> <xsl:attribute name="href"> <xsl:text>mailto:</xsl:text> <xsl:value-of select="." /> </xsl:attribute> <xsl:value-of select="." /> </xsl:element> </div> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="personal"> <div class="small bold">SEX:</div> <div class="colored bold"> <xsl:choose> <xsl:when test="sex='Male'"> <div class="sex male"><xsl:value-of select="sex/."/></div> </xsl:when> <xsl:otherwise> <div class="sex female"><xsl:value-of select="sex/."/></div> </xsl:otherwise> </xsl:choose> </div> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="account/username"> <div class="small bold">USERNAME:</div> <div class="large"><xsl:value-of select="." /></div> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="account"> <div class="small bold">ACCOUNT TYPE:</div> <div class="colored "> <xsl:choose> <xsl:when test="userlevel='1'"> <div class="nml bold">Normal User</div> </xsl:when> <xsl:when test="userlevel='2'"> <div class="vol bold">Volunteer</div> </xsl:when> <xsl:when test="userlevel='3'"> <div class="org bold">Organiser</div> </xsl:when> <xsl:otherwise> <div class="name adm bold">Administrator</div> </xsl:otherwise> </xsl:choose> </div> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet> and some of my xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="users.xsl"?> <folktask xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xs:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="folktask.xsd"> <member> <user id="1"> <personal> <name>Abbie Hunt</name> <sex>Female</sex> <address1>108 Access Road</address1> <address2></address2> <city>Wells</city> <county>Somerset</county> <postcode>BA5 8GH</postcode> <telephone>01528927616</telephone> <mobile>07085252492</mobile> <email>[email protected]</email> </personal> <account> <username>AdRock</username> <password>269eb625e2f0cf6fae9a29434c12a89f</password> <userlevel>4</userlevel> <signupdate>2010-03-26T09:23:50</signupdate> </account> </user> <volunteer id="1"> <roles></roles> <region>South West</region> </volunteer> </member> <member> <user id="2"> <personal> <name>Aidan Harris</name> <sex>Male</sex> <address1>103 Aiken Street</address1> <address2></address2> <city>Chichester</city> <county>Sussex</county> <postcode>PO19 4DS</postcode> <telephone>01905149894</telephone> <mobile>07784467941</mobile> <email>[email protected]</email> </personal> <account> <username>AmbientExpert</username> <password>8e64214160e9dd14ae2a6d9f700004a6</password> <userlevel>2</userlevel> <signupdate>2010-03-26T09:23:50</signupdate> </account> </user> <volunteer id="2"> <roles>Van Driver,gas Fitter</roles> <region>South Central</region> </volunteer> </member> </folktask>

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  • need help passing multiple variables from foreach loop to test in switch case statement

    - by Brad
    $list_of_groups = array("FACULTY","STAFF"); foreach ($list_of_groups as $i => $group) { $user_in_group = $adldap->user_ingroup($username,$group); print "<h2>Group: ".$group." user in group? ".$user_in_group."</h2>"; // if 1, means yes } Need to print run the appropriate function based on what returns true. There are user's that are members of both FACULTY and STAFF groups, so I want to check for those users and display the appropriate content for them. So if the user is both faculty and staff, then display this, if they are only of staff, display that, same for faculty, might not make sense, but I will write out some code "in theory" that will help you understand what I am trying to do switch(Get group membership of user) { case "FACULTY": print "Faculty group member"; break; case "STAFF": print "Staff group member"; break; case "FACULTY and STAFF": print "Member of both faculty and staff"; break; } I am unsure on how it will check if they are members of both groups and run that thru the case statement to display the appropriate message. The foreach look currently runs thru every group the user belongs to, prints out the ones from the $list_of_groups and the number 1 to the right of it, signifying they belong to it. The problem I have is trying to use that information to run thru the case statement, I am unsure of how to go about that. This is what it prints out for the user currently passed thru the foreach loop: Group: FACULTY user in group? 1 Group: STAFF user in group? 1 Any help is appreciated.

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  • Can you force a crash if a write occurs to a given memory location with finer than page granularity?

    - by Joseph Garvin
    I'm writing a program that for performance reasons uses shared memory (alternatives have been evaluated, and they are not fast enough for my task, so suggestions to not use it will be downvoted). In the shared memory region I am writing many structs of a fixed size. There is one program responsible for writing the structs into shared memory, and many clients that read from it. However, there is one member of each struct that clients need to write to (a reference count, which they will update atomically). All of the other members should be read only to the clients. Because clients need to change that one member, they can't map the shared memory region as read only. But they shouldn't be tinkering with the other members either, and since these programs are written in C++, memory corruption is possible. Ideally, it should be as difficult as possible for one client to crash another. I'm only worried about buggy clients, not malicious ones, so imperfect solutions are allowed. I can try to stop clients from overwriting by declaring the members in the header they use as const, but that won't prevent memory corruption (buffer overflows, bad casts, etc.) from overwriting. I can insert canaries, but then I have to constantly pay the cost of checking them. Instead of storing the reference count member directly, I could store a pointer to the actual data in a separate mapped write only page, while keeping the structs in read only mapped pages. This will work, the OS will force my application to crash if I try to write to the pointed to data, but indirect storage can be undesirable when trying to write lock free algorithms, because needing to follow another level of indirection can change whether something can be done atomically. Is there any way to mark smaller areas of memory such that writing them will cause your app to blow up? Some platforms have hardware watchpoints, and maybe I could activate one of those with inline assembly, but I'd be limited to only 4 at a time on 32-bit x86 and each one could only cover part of the struct because they're limited to 4 bytes. It'd also make my program painful to debug ;)

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  • Trying to use boost lambda, but my code won't compile

    - by hamishmcn
    Hi, I am trying to use boost lambda to avoid having to write trivial functors. For example, I want to use the lambda to access a member of a struct or call a method of a class, eg: #include <vector> #include <utility> #include <algorithm> #include <boost/lambda/lambda.hpp> using namespace std; using namespace boost::lambda; vector< pair<int,int> > vp; vp.push_back( make_pair<int,int>(1,1) ); vp.push_back( make_pair<int,int>(3,2) ); vp.push_back( make_pair<int,int>(2,3) ); sort(vp.begin(), vp.end(), _1.first > _2.first ); When I try and compile this I get the following errors: error C2039: 'first' : is not a member of 'boost::lambda::lambda_functor<T>' with [ T=boost::lambda::placeholder<1> ] error C2039: 'first' : is not a member of 'boost::lambda::lambda_functor<T>' with [ T=boost::lambda::placeholder<2> ] Since vp contains pair<int,int> I thought that _1.first should work. What I am doing wrong?

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  • xmlrpc client call in python does not come back

    - by Jack Ha
    Using Python 2.6.4, windows With the following script I want to test a certain xmlrpc server. I call a non-existent function and hope for a traceback with an error. Instead, the function does not return. What could be the cause? import xmlrpclib s = xmlrpclib.Server("http://127.0.0.1:80", verbose=True) s.functioncall() The output is: send: 'POST /RPC2 HTTP/1.0\r\nHost: 127.0.0.1:80\r\nUser-Agent: xmlrpclib.py/1.0 .1 (by www.pythonware.com)\r\nContent-Type: text/xml\r\nContent-Length: 106\r\n\ r\n' send: "<?xml version='1.0'?>\n<methodCall>\n<methodName>functioncall</methodName >\n<params>\n</params>\n</methodCall>\n" reply: 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n' header: Content-Type: text/xml header: Cache-Control: no-cache header: Content-Length: 376 header: Date: Tue, 30 Mar 2010 13:27:21 GMT body: '<?xml version="1.0"?>\r\n<methodResponse>\r\n<fault>\r\n<value>\r\n<struc t>\r\n<member>\r\n<name>faultCode</name>\r\n<value><i4>1</i4></value>\r\n</membe r>\r\n<member>\r\n<name>faultString</name>\r\n<value><string>PVSS00ctrl (2), 2 010.03.30 15:27:21.395, CTRL, SEVERE, 72, Function not defined, functioncall , , \n</string></value>\r\n</member>\r\n</struct>\r\n</value>\r\n</fault>\r\n</m ethodResponse>\r\n' (here the program hangs and does not return until I kill the server) edit: the server is written in c++, using its own xmlrpc library

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  • Databinding to Classmember of Classmember

    - by Walter
    Hello, I need some help about WPF and Databinding. Let's say I have a ClassA with a member of ClassB. ClassB has again a member, maybe an int: ClassB { public int MemberOfB { get; set; } } ClassA { private ClassB _theB; public ClassB MemberOfA { get {return _theB;} set { _theB = value; // Need to do something here... } } } When I have a Databinding in XAML like this: <TextBox Text="{Binding Path=MemberOfA.MemberOfB}"/> Where the Datacontext of the Textbox is an object of type ClassA. As you can see, i need to do some computations in the setter of MemberOfA in ClassA. But with the databinding above, this setter is of course never called, because it binds to the member of ClassB. So, how can i get to be informed if the MemberOfA changes (when I Type something into the Textbox)? Are there any best practices? (Didn't check the code in Visual Studio, so there may be some syntax errors). Thanks, Walter

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  • Modifying NSMutableDictionary from a single index format into nested (array within array)

    - by Michael Robinson
    I need to take the member ID off the top of this and create an array inside that contains the rest of the JSON return. Here is my JSON return. [{"F_Name_VC":"Frank", "L_Name_VC":"Johnson", "userid":"18", "age":"23", },] After it is json-deserialized it looks like this: I need convert it to be transformed into this, with children sub-array: Someone else posted a similar question but without the fact that it was coming from a JSON deserialization. There were two answers but no conclusion to the question. (Answer 1): NSDictionary *item1 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjects:[NSArray arrayWithObjects:@" member",[NSNumber numberWithInt:3],nil] forKeys:[NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"Title",@"View",nil]]; Answer (2): NSMutableArray *Rows = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity: 1]; for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) { NSMutableArray *theChildren = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity: 1]; [theChildren addObject: [NSString stringWithFormat: @"tester %d", i]]; NSString *aTitle = [NSString stringWithFormat: @"Item %d", i]; NSDictionary *anItem = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys: aTitle, @"Title", theChildren, @"Children"]; [Rows addObject: anItem]; } NSDictionary *Root = [NSDictionary withObject: Rows andKey: @"Rows"]; Here is my JSON return and save code: NSData *jsonData = [jsonreturn dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF32BigEndianStringEncoding]; NSError *error = nil; NSDictionary * dict = [[CJSONDeserializer deserializer] deserializeAsDictionary:jsonData error:&error]; if (dict) { rowsArray = [dict objectForKey:@"member"]; [rowsArray retain]; } Thanks in advance. Every tutorial on JSON only shows a simple array being returned, never with children..It's driving me crazy trying to figure this out.

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  • ASP.NET MVC 2 VB, Not recognising my import.

    - by SLC
    I had a problem with a project I converted from C# to VB, in that the VB version it cannot seem to find an object even though I declared it with an Import statement at the top. I created a new, default MVC 2 VB project, and the same problem occurs there. I create a new MVC 2 application, I then add a reference to System.Data.Services.Client, and in my Index.aspx, in the Content area, I type <% Dim x As DataServiceQueryContinuation %> which is what I want to use. It gives me a blue squiggly line and says Type 'DataServiceQueryContinuation' is not defined. At the top of the page, I add this: <%@ Import Namespace="System.Data.Services.Client" %> The error persists. My original C# version has no such error. I also get this warning: Warning 2 Namespace or type specified in the Imports 'System.Data.Services.Client' doesn't contain any public member or cannot be found. Make sure the namespace or the type is defined and contains at least one public member. Make sure the imported element name doesn't use any aliases. e:\ASPNETDEBUG\MvcApplication1\MvcApplication1\Views\Home\Index.aspx 10 9 MvcApplication1 Examining the DLL using the tool provided shows that it does have a public member. Also when typing the above, System.Data. provides intellisense but there is no 'Services'. Any ideas?

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  • Modify static variables while debugging in Eclipse

    - by sleske
    As an extension the the question "Modify/view static variables while debugging in Eclipse", I'd like to be able to modify static variables while debugging in Eclipse. For instance and local variables, I can just choose the variable in the "Variables" view of Eclipse, and use the context menu "Change value..." to change the value. This is not possible for arbitrary static variables, because they do not appear in the "Variables" view. What I tried: If you choose "Java / Show static variables" from the triangle menu in the "Variables" view, you can see and modify static member variables of the variables listed in the "Variables view". However, I did not find how to access a static member of a class whose instance does not appear in the "Variables view". You can of course enter a static member as an expression into the "Expression view" (using fully qualified name). Then you can see the value, but the "Expression view" does not have an option to modify the value (it does allow to modify members of an expression, but not the expression itself, even if the expression is a field). So, if I have a static variable like a boolean MyClass.disableAllBugs, is there a way to change MyClass.disableAllBugs during debugging? As an aside: I realize that even having public mutable static fields (i.e. mutable global variables) is very bad style. But some codebases have it, and then it's sometimes useful to modify it while debugging.

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  • Access cost of dynamically created objects with dynamically allocated members

    - by user343547
    I'm building an application which will have dynamic allocated objects of type A each with a dynamically allocated member (v) similar to the below class class A { int a; int b; int* v; }; where: The memory for v will be allocated in the constructor. v will be allocated once when an object of type A is created and will never need to be resized. The size of v will vary across all instances of A. The application will potentially have a huge number of such objects and mostly need to stream a large number of these objects through the CPU but only need to perform very simple computations on the members variables. Could having v dynamically allocated could mean that an instance of A and its member v are not located together in memory? What tools and techniques can be used to test if this fragmentation is a performance bottleneck? If such fragmentation is a performance issue, are there any techniques that could allow A and v to allocated in a continuous region of memory? Or are there any techniques to aid memory access such as pre-fetching scheme? for example get an object of type A operate on the other member variables whilst pre-fetching v. If the size of v or an acceptable maximum size could be known at compile time would replacing v with a fixed sized array like int v[max_length] lead to better performance? The target platforms are standard desktop machines with x86/AMD64 processors, Windows or Linux OSes and compiled using either GCC or MSVC compilers.

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  • What are the use cases for this static reflection code?

    - by Maslow
    This is Oliver Hanappi's static reflection code he posted on stackoverflow private static string GetMemberName(Expression expression) { switch (expression.NodeType) { case ExpressionType.MemberAccess: var memberExpression = (MemberExpression)expression; var supername = GetMemberName(memberExpression.Expression); if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(supername)) return memberExpression.Member.Name; return String.Concat(supername, '.', memberExpression.Member.Name); case ExpressionType.Call: var callExpression = (MethodCallExpression)expression; return callExpression.Method.Name; case ExpressionType.Convert: var unaryExpression = (UnaryExpression)expression; return GetMemberName(unaryExpression.Operand); case ExpressionType.Parameter: return String.Empty; default: throw new ArgumentException("The expression is not a member access or method call expression"); } } I have the public wrapper methods: public static string Name<T>(Expression<Action<T>> expression) { return GetMemberName(expression.Body); } public static string Name<T>(Expression<Func<T, object>> expression) { return GetMemberName(expression.Body); } then added my own method shortcuts public static string ClassMemberName<T>(this T sourceType,Expression<Func<T,object>> expression) { return GetMemberName(expression.Body); } public static string TMemberName<T>(this IEnumerable<T> sourceList, Expression<Func<T,object>> expression) { return GetMemberName(expression.Body); } What are examples of code that would necessitate or take advantage of the different branches in the GetMemberName(Expression expression) switch? what all is this code capable of making strongly typed?

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  • Extension methods for encapsulation and reusability

    - by tzaman
    In C++ programming, it's generally considered good practice to "prefer non-member non-friend functions" instead of instance methods. This has been recommended by Scott Meyers in this classic Dr. Dobbs article, and repeated by Herb Sutter and Andrei Alexandrescu in C++ Coding Standards (item 44); the general argument being that if a function can do its job solely by relying on the public interface exposed by the class, it actually increases encapsulation to have it be external. While this confuses the "packaging" of the class to some extent, the benefits are generally considered worth it. Now, ever since I've started programming in C#, I've had a feeling that here is the ultimate expression of the concept that they're trying to achieve with "non-member, non-friend functions that are part of a class interface". C# adds two crucial components to the mix - the first being interfaces, and the second extension methods: Interfaces allow a class to formally specify their public contract, the methods and properties that they're exposing to the world. Any other class can choose to implement the same interface and fulfill that same contract. Extension methods can be defined on an interface, providing any functionality that can be implemented via the interface to all implementers automatically. And best of all, because of the "instance syntax" sugar and IDE support, they can be called the same way as any other instance method, eliminating the cognitive overhead! So you get the encapsulation benefits of "non-member, non-friend" functions with the convenience of members. Seems like the best of both worlds to me; the .NET library itself providing a shining example in LINQ. However, everywhere I look I see people warning against extension method overuse; even the MSDN page itself states: In general, we recommend that you implement extension methods sparingly and only when you have to. So what's the verdict? Are extension methods the acme of encapsulation and code reuse, or am I just deluding myself?

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  • Django Database design -- Is this a good stragety for overriding defaults

    - by rh0dium
    Hi SO's I have a question on good database design practices and I would like to leverage you guys for pointers. The project started out simple. Hey we have a bunch of questions we want answered for every project (no problem) Which turned into... Hey we have so many questions can we group them into sections (yup we can do that) Which lead into.. Can we weight these questions and I don't really want some of these questions for my project (Yes but we are getting difficult) And then I'm thinking they will want to have each section have it's own weight.. Requirements So there's the requirements - For n number of project Allow a admin member the ability select the questions for a project Allow the admin member to re-weigh or use the default weights for the questions Allow the admin member to re-weight the sections Allow team members to answer the questions. So here is what I came up with. Please feel free to comment and provide better examples models.py from django.db import models from django.contrib.sites.models import Site from django.conf import settings class Section(models.Model): """ This describes the various sections for a checklist: """ name = models.CharField(max_length=64) description = models.TextField() class Question(models.Model): """ This simply provides a simple way to list out the questions. """ question = models.CharField(max_length=255) answer_type = models.CharField(max_length=16) description = models.TextField() section = models.ForeignKey(Section) class ProjectQuestion(models.Model): """ These are the questions relevant to the project """ question = models.ForeignKey(Question) answer = models.CharField(max_length=255) required = models.BooleanField(default=True) weight = models.FloatField(default = XXX) class Project(models.Model): """ Here is where we want to gather our questions """ questions = models.ManyToManyField(ProjectQuestion) Immediate questions: - When I start a project - any ideas on how to "pre-populate" the questions (and ultimately the weights) for the project? - Is there a generally accepted method for doing this process that I am missing? Basically the idea that you refer to the questions overide your own default weight, and store the answer? - It appears that a good chuck of the work will be done in the views and that a lot of checking will need to occur there? Is that OK? Again - feel free to give me better strategies!! Thanks

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  • Help with GetGlyphOutline function(WinAPI)

    - by user146780
    I want to use this function to get contours and within these contours, I want to get cubic bezier. I think I have to call it with GGO_BEZIER. What puzzles me is how the return buffer works. "A glyph outline is returned as a series of one or more contours defined by a TTPOLYGONHEADER structure followed by one or more curves. Each curve in the contour is defined by a TTPOLYCURVE structure followed by a number of POINTFX data points. POINTFX points are absolute positions, not relative moves. The starting point of a contour is given by the pfxStart member of the TTPOLYGONHEADER structure. The starting point of each curve is the last point of the previous curve or the starting point of the contour. The count of data points in a curve is stored in the cpfx member of TTPOLYCURVE structure. The size of each contour in the buffer, in bytes, is stored in the cb member of TTPOLYGONHEADER structure. Additional curve definitions are packed into the buffer following preceding curves and additional contours are packed into the buffer following preceding contours. The buffer contains as many contours as fit within the buffer returned by GetGlyphOutline." I'm really not sure how to access the contours. I know that I can change a pointer another type of pointer but i'm not sure how I go about getting the contours based on this documentation. Thanks

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  • Using generics in F# to create an EnumArray type

    - by Matthew
    I've created an F# class to represent an array that allocates one element for each value of a specific enum. I'm using an explicit constructor that creates a dictionary from enum values to array indices, and an Item property so that you can write expressions like: let my_array = new EnumArray<EnumType, int> my_array.[EnumType.enum_value] <- 5 However, I'm getting the following obscure compilation error at the line marked with '// FS0670' below. error FS0670: This code is not sufficiently generic. The type variable ^e when ^e : enum<int> and ^e : equality and ^e : (static member op_Explicit : ^e -> int) could not be generalized because it would escape its scope. I'm at a loss - can anyone explain this error? type EnumArray< 'e, 'v when 'e : enum<int> and 'e : equality and ^e : (static member op_Explicit : ^e -> int) > = val enum_to_int : Dictionary<'e, int> val a : 'v array new() as this = { enum_to_int = new Dictionary<'e, int>() a = Array.zeroCreate (Enum.GetValues(typeof<'e>).Length) } then for (e : obj) in Enum.GetValues(typeof<'e>) do this.enum_to_int.Add(e :?> 'e, int(e :?> 'e)) member this.Item with get (idx : 'e) : 'v = this.a.[this.enum_to_int.[idx]] // FS0670 and set (idx : 'e) (c : 'v) = this.a.[this.enum_to_int.[idx]] <- c

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  • datareader.close is called in if - else branching. How to validate datareader is actually closed usi

    - by tanmay
    Hi, I have written couple of custom rules in for fxcop 1.36. I have written a code to find weather opened datareader is closed or not. But it does not check which datareader object is calling the close() method so I can't be sure if all opened datareader objs are closed!! 2nd: if I am using data reader in IF else like if 1=2 dr = cmd.executeReader(); else dr = cmd2.execureReader(); end if in this case it will search for 2 datareader objects to be closed.. I am putting my code for more clarity. public override ProblemCollection Check(Member member) { Method method = member as Method; int countCatch =0; int countErrLog = 0; Instruction objInstr = null; if (method != null) { for (int i = 0; i < method.Instructions.Count; i++) { objInstr = method.Instructions[i]; if (objInstr.Value != null) { if (objInstr.Value.ToString().Contains("System.Data.SqlClient.SqlDataReader")) { countCatch += 1; } if (countCatch>0) { if (objInstr.Value.ToString().Contains("System.Data.SqlClient.SqlDataReader.Close")) { countErrLog += 1; } } } } } if (countErrLog!=countCatch) { Resolution resolu = GetResolution(new string[] { method.ToString() }); Problems.Add(new Problem(resolu)); } return Problems; Thanks and regards, Tanmay.

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  • Inheritance inside a template - public members become invisible?

    - by Juliano
    I'm trying to use inheritance among classes defined inside a class template (inner classes). However, the compiler (GCC) is refusing to give me access to public members in the base class. Example code: template <int D> struct Space { struct Plane { Plane(Space& b); virtual int& at(int y, int z) = 0; Space& space; /* <= this member is public */ }; struct PlaneX: public Plane { /* using Plane::space; */ PlaneX(Space& b, int x); int& at(int y, int z); const int cx; }; int& at(int x, int y, int z); }; template <int D> int& Space<D>::PlaneX::at(int y, int z) { return space.at(cx, y, z); /* <= but it fails here */ }; Space<4> sp4; The compiler says: file.cpp: In member function ‘int& Space::PlaneX::at(int, int)’: file.cpp:21: error: ‘space’ was not declared in this scope If using Plane::space; is added to the definition of class PlaneX, or if the base class member is accessed through the this pointer, or if class Space is changed to a non-template class, then the compiler is fine with it. I don't know if this is either some obscure restriction of C++, or a bug in GCC (GCC versions 4.4.1 and 4.4.3 tested). Does anyone have an idea?

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  • Best way to determine variable type and treat each one differently in F#

    - by James Black
    I have a function that will create a select where clause, but right now everything has to be a string. I would like to look at the variable passed in and determine what type it is and then treat it properly. For example, numeric values don't have single quotes around them, option type will either be null or have some value and boolean will actually be zero or one. member self.BuildSelectWhereQuery (oldUser:'a) = let properties = List.zip oldUser.ToSqlValuesList sqlColumnList let init = false, new StringBuilder() let anyChange, (formatted:StringBuilder) = properties |> Seq.fold (fun (anyChange, sb) (oldVal, name) -> match(anyChange) with | true -> true, sb.AppendFormat(" AND {0} = '{1}'", name, oldVal) | _ -> true, sb.AppendFormat("{0} = '{1}'", name, oldVal) ) init formatted.ToString() Here is one entity: type CityType() = inherit BaseType() let mutable name = "" let mutable stateId = 0 member this.Name with get() = name and set restnameval=name <- restnameval member this.StateId with get() = stateId and set stateidval=stateId <- stateidval override this.ToSqlValuesList = [this.Name; this.StateId.ToString()] So, if name was some other value besides a string, or stateId can be optional, then I have two changes to make: How do I modify ToSqlValuesList to have the variable so I can tell the variable type? How do I change my select function to handle this? I am thinking that I need a new function does the processing, but what is the best FP way to do this, rather than using something like typeof?

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  • Representing element as boolean with JAXB?

    - by Marcus
    We have this XML: <Summary> <ValueA>xxx</ValueA> <ValueB/> </Summary> <ValueB/> will never have any attributes or inner elements. It's a boolean type element - it exists (true) or it doesn't (false). JAXB generated a Summary class with a String valueA member, which is good. But for ValueB, JAXB generated a ValueB inner class and a corresponding member: @XmlElement(name = "ValueB") protected Summary.ValueB valueB; But what I'd like is a boolean member and no inner class: @XmlElement(name = "ValueB") protected boolean valueB; How can you do this? I'm not looking to regenerate the classes, I'd like to just make the code change manually. Update: In line with the accepted answer, we created a new method returning the boolean value conditional on whether valueB == null. As we are using Hibernate, we annotated valueB with @Transient and annotated the boolean getter with Hibernate's @Column annotation.

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  • Assign C++ instance method to a global-function-pointer ?

    - by umanga
    Greetings, My project structure is as follows: \- base (C static library) callbacks.h callbacks.c paint_node.c . . * libBase.a \-app (C++ application) main.cpp In C library 'base' , I have declared global-function-pointer as: in singleheader file callbacks.h #ifndef CALLBACKS_H_ #define CALLBACKS_H_ extern void (*putPixelCallBack)(); extern void (*putImageCallBack)(); #endif /* CALLBACKS_H_ */ in single C file they are initialized as callbacks.c #include "callbacks.h" void (*putPixelCallBack)(); void (*putImageCallBack)(); Other C files access this callback-functions as: paint_node.c #include "callbacks.h" void paint_node(node *node,int index){ //Call callbackfunction . . putPixelCallBack(node->x,node->y,index); } I compile these C files and generate a static library 'libBase.a' Then in C++ application, I want to assign C++ instance method to this global function-pointer: I did something like follows : in Sacm.cpp file #include "Sacm.h" extern void (*putPixelCallBack)(); extern void (*putImageCallBack)(); void Sacm::doDetection() { putPixelCallBack=(void(*)())&paintPixel; //call somefunctions in 'libBase' C library } void Sacm::paintPixel(int x,int y,int index) { qpainter.begin(this); qpainter.drawPoint(x,y); qpainter.end(); } But when compiling it gives the error: sacmtest.cpp: In member function ‘void Sacm::doDetection()’: sacmtest.cpp:113: error: ISO C++ forbids taking the address of an unqualified or parenthesized non-static member function to form a pointer to member function. Say ‘&Sacm::paintPixel’ sacmtest.cpp:113: error: converting from ‘void (Sacm::)(int, int, int)’ to ‘void ()()’ Any tips?

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  • What is the easiest way to get the property value from a passed lambda expression in an extension me

    - by Andrew Siemer
    I am writing a dirty little extension method for HtmlHelper so that I can say something like HtmlHelper.WysiwygFor(lambda) and display the CKEditor. I have this working currently but it seems a bit more cumbersome than I would prefer. I am hoping that there is a more straight forward way of doing this. Here is what I have so far. public static MvcHtmlString WysiwygFor<TModel, TProperty>(this HtmlHelper<TModel> helper, Expression<Func<TModel, TProperty>> expression) { return MvcHtmlString.Create(string.Concat("<textarea class=\"ckeditor\" cols=\"80\" id=\"", expression.MemberName(), "\" name=\"editor1\" rows=\"10\">", GetValue(helper, expression), "</textarea>")); } private static string GetValue<TModel, TProperty>(HtmlHelper<TModel> helper, Expression<Func<TModel, TProperty>> expression) { MemberExpression body = (MemberExpression)expression.Body; string propertyName = body.Member.Name; TModel model = helper.ViewData.Model; string value = typeof(TModel).GetProperty(propertyName).GetValue(model, null).ToString(); return value; } private static string MemberName<T, V>(this Expression<Func<T, V>> expression) { var memberExpression = expression.Body as MemberExpression; if (memberExpression == null) throw new InvalidOperationException("Expression must be a member expression"); return memberExpression.Member.Name; } Thanks!

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  • Is something along the lines of nested memoization needed here?

    - by Daniel
    System.Transactions notoriously escalates transactions involving multiple connections to the same database to the DTC. The module and helper class, ConnectionContext, below are meant to prevent this by ensuring multiple connection requests for the same database return the same connection object. This is, in some sense, memoization, although there are multiple things being memoized and the second is dependent on the first. Is there some way to hide the synchronization and/or mutable state (perhaps using memoization) in this module, or perhaps rewrite it in a more functional style? (It may be worth nothing that there's no locking when getting the connection by connection string because Transaction.Current is ThreadStatic.) type ConnectionContext(connection:IDbConnection, ownsConnection) = member x.Connection = connection member x.OwnsConnection = ownsConnection interface IDisposable with member x.Dispose() = if ownsConnection then connection.Dispose() module ConnectionManager = let private _connections = new Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string, IDbConnection>>() let private getTid (t:Transaction) = t.TransactionInformation.LocalIdentifier let private removeConnection tid = let cl = _connections.[tid] for (KeyValue(_, con)) in cl do con.Close() lock _connections (fun () -> _connections.Remove(tid) |> ignore) let getConnection connectionString (openConnection:(unit -> IDbConnection)) = match Transaction.Current with | null -> new ConnectionContext(openConnection(), true) | current -> let tid = getTid current // get connections for the current transaction let connections = match _connections.TryGetValue(tid) with | true, cl -> cl | false, _ -> let cl = Dictionary<_,_>() lock _connections (fun () -> _connections.Add(tid, cl)) cl // find connection for this connection string let connection = match connections.TryGetValue(connectionString) with | true, con -> con | false, _ -> let initial = (connections.Count = 0) let con = openConnection() connections.Add(connectionString, con) // if this is the first connection for this transaction, register connections for cleanup if initial then current.TransactionCompleted.Add (fun args -> let id = getTid args.Transaction removeConnection id) con new ConnectionContext(connection, false)

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