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• Synchronizing one or more databases with a master database - Foreign keys

  - by Ikke

  I'm using Google Gears to be able to use an application offline (I know Gears is deprecated). The problem I am facing is the synchronization with the database on the server. The specific problem is the primary keys or more exactly, the foreign keys. When sending the information to the server, I could easily ignore the primary keys, and generate new ones. But then how would I know what the relations are. I had one sollution in mind, bet the I would need to save all the pk for every client. What is the best way to synchronize multiple client with one server db. Edit: I've been thinking about it, and I guess seqential primary keys are not the best solution, but what other possibilities are there? Time based doesn't seem right because of collisions which could happen. A GUID comes to mind, is that an option? It looks like generating a GUID in javascript is not that easy. I can do something with natural keys or composite keys. As I'm thinking about it, that looks like the best solution. Can I expect any problems with that?

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• Why doesn't access database update?

  - by Ryan

  Recently I met a strange problem, see code snips as below: var sqlCommand: string; connection: TADOConnection; qry: TADOQuery; begin connection := TADOConnection.Create(nil); try connection.ConnectionString := 'Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=Test.MDB;Persist Security Info=False'; connection.Open(); qry := TADOQuery.Create(nil); try qry.Connection := connection; qry.SQL.Text := 'Select * from aaa'; qry.Open; qry.Append; qry.FieldByName('TestField1').AsString := 'test'; qry.Post; beep; finally qry.Free; end; finally connection.Free; end; end; First, Create a new access database named test.mdb and put it under the directory of this test project, we can create a new table named aaa in it which has only one text type field named TestField1. We set a breakpoint at line of "beep", then lunch the test application under ide debug mode, when ide stops at the breakpoint line (qry.post has been executed), at this time we use microsoft access to open test.mdb and open table aaa you will find there are no any changes in table aaa, if you let the ide continue running after pressing f9 you can find a new record is inserted in to table aaa, but if you press ctrl+f2 to terminate the application at the breakpoint, you will find the table aaa has no record been inserted, but in normal circumstance, a new record should be inserted in to the table aaa after qry.post executed. who can explain this problem , it troubles me so long time. thanks !!! BTW, the ide is delphi 2010, and the access mdb file is created by microsoft access 2007 under windows 7

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• Database layout for an application with geocoding features using geokit

  - by vooD

  I'm developing a real estate web catalogue and want to geocode every ad using geokit gem. My question is what would be the best database layout from the performance point if i want to make search by country, city of the selected country, administrative area or nearest metro station of the selected city. Available countries, cities, administrative areas and metro sations should be defined by the administrator of catalogue and must be validated by geocoding. I came up with single table: create_table "geo_locations", :force => true do |t| t.integer "geo_location_id" #parent geo location (ex. country is parent geo location of city t.string "country", :null => false #necessary for any geo location t.string "city", #not null for city geo location and it's children t.string "administrative_area" #not null for administrative_area geo location and it's children t.string "thoroughfare_name" #not null for metro station or street name geo location and it's children t.string "premise_number" #house number t.float "lng", :null => false t.float "lat", :null => false t.float "bound_sw_lat", :null => false t.float "bound_sw_lng", :null => false t.float "bound_ne_lat", :null => false t.float "bound_ne_lng", :null => false t.integer "mappable_id" t.string "mappable_type" t.string "type" #country, city, administrative area, metro station or address end Final geo location is address it contains all neccessary information to put marker of the real estate ad on the map. But i'm still stuck on search functionality. Any help would be highly appreciated.

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• best database design for city zip & state tables

  - by ryan a

  My application will need to reference addresses. Street info will be stored with my main objects but the rest needs to be stored seperately to reduce redundancy. How should I store/retrieve ZIPs, cities and states? Here are some of my ideas. single table solution (cant do relationships) [locations] locationID locationParent (FK for locationID - 0 for state entries) locationName (city, state) locationZIP two tables (with relationships, FK constraints, ref integrity) [state] stateID stateName [city] cityID stateID (FK for state.stateID) cityName zipCode three tables [state] stateID stateName [city] cityID stateID (FK for state.stateID) cityName [zip] zipID cityID (FK for city.cityID) zipName Then I read into ZIP codes amd how they are assigned. They aren't specifically related to cities. Some cities have more than one ZIP (ok will still work) but some ZIPs are in more than one city (oh snap) and some other ZIPs (very few) are in more than one state! Also some ZIPs are not even in the same state as the address they belong to at all. Seems ZIPs are made for carrier route identification and some remote places are best served by post offices in neighboring cities or states. Does anybody know of a good (not perfect) solution that takes this into consideration to minimize discrepencies as the database grows?

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• How to update a row in Android database

  - by Sajan

  Hi all I want to update a row on clicking on update button,but its doesn't work. I have used following code. public void btnUpdate(View v) { handeler.updateData(updateName.getText().toString(), updatePhone .getText().toString(), updateEmail.getText().toString(),id); } public void updateData(String name, String phone, String email, String id) { ContentValues values = new ContentValues(); values.put(COLUMN_FIRST, name); values.put(COLUMN_SECOND, phone); values.put(COLUMN_THIRD, email); database.update(TABLE_NAME, values, id, null); } public void search() { Cursor cursor = handeler.getData(); if (cursor.moveToFirst()) { String phoneNo; phoneNo = updateByPhone.getText().toString(); do { String s1 = cursor.getString(2); if (phoneNo.compareTo(s1) == 0) { id = cursor.getString(0); updateName.setText(cursor.getString(1)); updateEmail.setText(cursor.getString(3)); updatePhone.setText(cursor.getString(2)); } } while (cursor.moveToNext()); } } So if any know please suggest me how to solve it. Thanks

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• zend form check record no exists in database

  - by Yafa Su

  I have a form that check if email exists in the database within 2 tables. I'm using Zend_Validate_Db_NoRecordExists for both validate, but it only check the second one. Any idea why it's not working? class Application_Form_ReferUser extends Zend_Form { public $email, $freeDownload, $buyNow; public function init() { $this->setName('referUser'); $EmailExists = new Zend_Validate_Db_NoRecordExists( array( 'table' => 'referrals', 'field' => 'email' ) ); $EmailExists2 = new Zend_Validate_Db_NoRecordExists( array( 'table' => 'users', 'field' => 'email' ) ); $EmailExists->setMessage('This e-mail is already taken'); $EmailExists2->setMessage('This e-mail is already taken'); $this->email = $this->createElement('text', 'email') ->setLabel('Email') ->addValidator($EmailExists) ->addValidator($EmailExists2) ->addValidator('EmailAddress') ->setRequired(true); $this->freeDownload = $this->createElement('button', 'btn_free_download') ->setLabel('Free Download') ->setAttrib('type', 'submit'); $this->buyNow = $this->createElement('button', 'btn_buy_now') ->setLabel('Buy Now') ->setAttrib('type', 'submit'); $this->addElements(array($this->email, $this->freeDownload, $this->buyNow)); $elementDecorators = array( 'ViewHelper' ); $this->setElementDecorators($elementDecorators); } }

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• Saving Data to Relational Database (Entity Framework)

  - by sheefy

  I'm having a little bit of trouble saving data to a database. Basically, I have a main table that has associations to other tables (Example Below). Tbl_Listing ID UserID - Associated to ID in User Table CategoryID - Associated to ID in Category Table LevelID - Associated to ID in Level Table. Name Address Normally, it's easy for me to add data to the DB (using Entity Framework). However, I'm not sure how to add data to the fields with associations. The numerous ID fields just need to hold an int value that corresponds with the ID in the associated table. For example; when I try to access the column in the following manner I get a "Object reference not set to an instance of an object." error. Listing NewListing = new Listing(); NewListing.Tbl_User.ID = 1; NewListing.Tbl_Category.ID = 2; ... DBEntities.AddToListingSet(NewListing); DBEntities.SaveChanges(); I am using NewListing.Tbl_User.ID instead of NewListing.UserID because the UserID field is not available through intellisense. If I try and create an object for each related field I get a "The relationship between the two objects cannot be defined because they are attached to different ObjectContext objects." error. With this method, I am trying to add the object without the .ID shown above - example NewListing.User = UserObject. I know this should be simple as I just want to reference the ID from the associated table in the main Listing's table. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks in advance, -S

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• java class that simulates a simple database table

  - by ericso

  I have a collection of heterogenous data that I pull from a database table mtable. Then, for every unique value uv in column A, I compute a function of (SELECT * FROM mtable WHERE A=uv). Then I do the same for column B, and column C. There are rather a lot of unique values, so I don't want to hit the db repeatedly - I would rather have a class that replicates some of the functionality (most importantly some version of SELECT WHERE). Additionally, I would like to abstract the column names away from the class definition, if that makes any sense - the constructor should take a list of names as a parameter, and also, I suppose, a list of types (right now this is just a String[], which seems hacky). I'm getting the initial data from a RowSet. I've more or less done this by using a hashmap that maps Strings to lists/arrays of Objects, but I keep getting bogged down in comparisons and types, and am thinking that my current implementation really isn't as clean and clear as it could be. I'm pretty new to java, also, and am not sure if I'm not going down a completely incorrect path. Does anyone have any suggestions?

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• Database tables with dynamic information

  - by Tim Fennis

  I've googled this and found that it's almost impossible to create a database with dynamic collumns. I'll explain my problem first. I am making a webshop for a customer. It has multiple computer products for sale. CPU's HDD's RAM ect. All these products have different properties, a CPU has an FSB, RAM has a CAS latency. But this is very inconvenient because my orders table needs foreign keys to different tables which is impossible. An other option is to store all the product specific information in a varchar or blob field and let PHP figure it out. The problem with this solution is that the website needs a PC builder. A step-by-step guide to building your PC. So for instance if a customer decides he wants a new "i7 920" or whatever i want to be able to sellect all motherboards for socket 1366, which is impossible because all the data is stored in one field. I know it's possible to select all motherboards form the DB and let PHP figure out which ones are for socket 1366 but i was wondering, is there a better solution?

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• Displaying a message after adding duplicate records in database

  - by user1770370

  I wrote program in C# winforms and SQL server and LINQ to SQL. I use user control instead of form. In my user control, I put 3 textbox, txtStartNumber, txtEndNumber, txtQuantity. user define value of textboxes, when clicked button, it will insert some records according to the value of txtQuantity. I want to when duplicate number is created, it won't add to database and display message. how do i do? I must write code in code behind or server side? i must set this in store procedure or trigger? private void btnSave_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { long from = Convert.ToInt64(txt_barcode_f.Text); long to = Convert.ToInt64(txt_barcode_t.Text); long quantity = Convert.ToInt64(to - from); int card_Type_ID=Convert.ToInt32(cmb_BracodeType .SelectedValue); long[] arrCardNum = new long[(to - from)]; arrCardNum[0]=from; for (long i = from; i < to; i++) { for(int j=0; j<(to-from) ;j++) { arrCardNum[j]=from+j; string r = arrCardNum[j].ToString(); sp.SaveCards(r, 2, card_Type_ID, SaveDate, 2); } } } Stored Procedure code. ALTER PROCEDURE dbo.SaveCards @Barcode_Num int ,@Card_Status_ID int ,@Card_Type_ID int ,@SaveDate varchar(10) ,@Save_User_ID int AS BEGIN INSERT INTO [Parking].[dbo].[TBL_Cards] ([Barcode_Num] ,[Card_Status_ID] ,[Card_Type_ID] ,[Save_User_ID]) VALUES (@Barcode_Num ,@Card_Status_ID ,@Card_Type_ID ,@Save_User_ID) END

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• sharepoint custom aspx page with database connection

  - by Megini

  hi there i have created a custom aspx page whithin my sharepoint site with a sql server connection to a database on that server to select data when i view the page it works but when another user tries to view it it gives the following error : Server Error in '/' Application. Login failed for user 'GRINCOR\GuguK'. Description: An unhandled exception occurred during the execution of the current web request. Please review the stack trace for more information about the error and where it originated in the code. Exception Details: System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException: Login failed for user 'GRINCOR\GuguK'. Source Error: The source code that generated this unhandled exception can only be shown when compiled in debug mode. To enable this, please follow one of the below steps, then request the URL: Add a "Debug=true" directive at the top of the file that generated the error. Example: <%@ Page Language="C#" Debug="true" % or: 2) Add the following section to the configuration file of your application: Note that this second technique will cause all files within a given application to be compiled in debug mode. The first technique will cause only that particular file to be compiled in debug mode. Important: Running applications in debug mode does incur a memory/performance overhead. You should make sure that an application has debugging disabled before deploying into production scenario. Stack Trace: [SqlException (0x80131904): Login failed for user 'GRINCOR\GuguK'.] System.Data.SqlClient.SqlInternalConnection.OnError(SqlException exception, Boolean breakConnection) +248 System.Data.SqlClient.TdsParser.ThrowExceptionAndWarning(TdsParserStateObject stateObj) +245 System.Data.SqlClient.TdsParser.Run(RunBehavior runBehavior, SqlCommand cmdHandler, SqlDataReader dataStream, BulkCopySimpleResultSet bulkCopyHandler, TdsParserStateObject stateObj) +2811 System.Data.SqlClient.SqlInternalConnectionTds.CompleteLogin(Boolean enlistOK) +53 System.Data.SqlClient.SqlInternalConnectionTds.AttemptOneLogin(ServerInfo serverInfo, String newPassword, Boolean ignoreSniOpenTimeout, Int64 timerExpire, SqlConnection owningObject) +327 System.Data.SqlClient.SqlInternalConnectionTds.LoginNoFailover(String host, String newPassword, Boolean redirectedUserInstance, SqlConnection owningObject, SqlConnectionString connectionOptions, Int64 timerStart) +2445370 System.Data.SqlClient.SqlInternalConnectionTds.OpenLoginEnlist(SqlConnection owningObject, SqlConnectionString connectionOptions, String newPassword, Boolean redirectedUserInstance) +2445224 System.Data.SqlClient.SqlInternalConnectionTds..ctor(DbConnectionPoolIdentity identity, SqlConnectionString connectionOptions, Object providerInfo, String newPassword, SqlConnection owningObject, Boolean redirectedUserInstance) +354 System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnectionFactory.CreateConnection(DbConnectionOptions options, Object poolGroupProviderInfo, DbConnectionPool pool, DbConnection owningConnection) +703 System.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionFactory.CreatePooledConnection(DbConnection owningConnection, DbConnectionPool pool, DbConnectionOptions options) +54 System.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionPool.CreateObject(DbConnection owningObject) +2414776 System.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionPool.UserCreateRequest(DbConnection owningObject) +92 System.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionPool.GetConnection(DbConnection owningObject) +1657 System.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionFactory.GetConnection(DbConnection owningConnection) +84 System.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionClosed.OpenConnection(DbConnection outerConnection, DbConnectionFactory connectionFactory) +1645767 System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection.Open() +258 ASP.d7922f0d_ac20_4f87_91a2_a99a52c2b2fa__233736835.DisplayData() in C:\inetpub\wwwroot\wss\VirtualDirectories\80\sites\hrportal2\tester.aspx:151 ASP.d7922f0d_ac20_4f87_91a2_a99a52c2b2fa_233736835._RenderMain(HtmlTextWriter __w, Control parameterContainer) in C:\inetpub\wwwroot\wss\VirtualDirectories\80\sites\hrportal2\tester.aspx:346 System.Web.UI.Control.RenderChildrenInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ICollection children) +115 System.Web.UI.Control.RenderChildrenInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ICollection children) +240 System.Web.UI.HtmlControls.HtmlContainerControl.Render(HtmlTextWriter writer) +42 System.Web.UI.Control.RenderChildrenInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ICollection children) +240 System.Web.UI.HtmlControls.HtmlForm.RenderChildren(HtmlTextWriter writer) +253 System.Web.UI.HtmlControls.HtmlForm.Render(HtmlTextWriter output) +87 System.Web.UI.HtmlControls.HtmlForm.RenderControl(HtmlTextWriter writer) +53 System.Web.UI.Control.RenderChildrenInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ICollection children) +240 System.Web.UI.HtmlControls.HtmlContainerControl.Render(HtmlTextWriter writer) +42 System.Web.UI.Control.RenderChildrenInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ICollection children) +240 System.Web.UI.Control.RenderChildrenInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ICollection children) +240 System.Web.UI.Page.Render(HtmlTextWriter writer) +38 System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequestMain(Boolean includeStagesBeforeAsyncPoint, Boolean includeStagesAfterAsyncPoint) +4240 Version Information: Microsoft .NET Framework Version:2.0.50727.3603; ASP.NET Version:2.0.50727.3601 can someone give me a solution to this problem ? i am using sharepoint services 3.0

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• What are the DB smells?

  - by Jonas Byström

  We all know 'code smells', but what are the fundamental 'database smells'? I'm a DB n00b, but I'll give an example of something that I find fishy. It seems to me like when I have to join 6-8 tables together to optimize our loading that we have a DB smell? Or would that be a pretty 'normal' database layout? (Sure, early optimization is the root of all evil, but this seems to me like early pessimisation, not to mention the cumbersomeness?)

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• Scalable Database Tagging Schema

  - by Longpoke

  EDIT: To people building tagging systems. Don't read this. It is not what you are looking for. I asked this when I wasn't aware that RDBMS all have their own optimization methods, just use a simple many to many scheme. I have a posting system that has millions of posts. Each post can have an infinite number of tags associated with it. Users can create tags which have notes, date created, owner, etc. A tag is almost like a post itself, because people can post notes about the tag. Each tag association has an owner and date, so we can see who added the tag and when. My question is how can I implement this? It has to be fast searching posts by tag, or tags by post. Also, users can add tags to posts by typing the name into a field, kind of like the google search bar, it has to fill in the rest of the tag name for you. I have 3 solutions at the moment, but not sure which is the best, or if there is a better way. Note that I'm not showing the layout of notes since it will be trivial once I get a proper solution for tags. Method 1. Linked list tagId in post points to a linked list in tag_assoc, the application must traverse the list until flink=0 post: id, content, ownerId, date, tagId, notesId tag_assoc: id, tagId, ownerId, flink tag: id, name, notesId Method 2. Denormalization tags is simply a VARCHAR or TEXT field containing a tab delimited array of tagId:ownerId. It cannot be a fixed size. post: id, content, ownerId, date, tags, notesId tag: id, name, notesId Method 3. Toxi (from: http://www.pui.ch/phred/archives/2005/04/tags-database-schemas.html, also same thing here: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/20856/how-do-you-recommend-implementing-tags-or-tagging) post: id, content, ownerId, date, notesId tag_assoc: ownerId, tagId, postId tag: id, name, notesId Method 3 raises the question, how fast will it be to iterate through every single row in tag_assoc? Methods 1 and 2 should be fast for returning tags by post, but for posts by tag, another lookup table must be made. The last thing I have to worry about is optimizing searching tags by name, I have not worked that out yet. I made an ASCII diagram here: http://pastebin.com/f1c4e0e53

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• Access Creates new file every time I Compact & Repair

  - by NickSentowski

  It didn't always do this, but ever since I split my database and made the front-end an ACCDE file, any time I try to compact and repair either file, a new file called "Database 1" is generated and my original file size doesn't change. Is this normal? My ACCDB is roughly 20MB, and my ACCDE is just over 1M after being used the first time. Before opening, the ACCDE was only 600k (I have lots of forms and queries, and regularly store PDF attachments.

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• How I can Optimize this mySQL transaction within java code?

  - by worldpython

  Dear All, I am new to MySql database. I've large table(ID,...). I select ID frequently with java code and.And that make a heavy load on transaction select from tableName where ID=someID notes: 1.Database could be 100,000 records 2.I can't cache result 3.ID is a primary key 4.I try to optimize time needed to return result from query. Any ideas for optimization ? thanks in advance

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• Inbreeding-immune database structure

  - by Nick Savage

  I have an application that requires a "simple" family tree. I would like to be able to perform queries that will give me data for an entire family given one id from a member in the family. I say simple because it does not need to take into account adoption or any other obscurities. The requirements for the application are as follows: Any two people will not be able to breed if they're from the same genetic line Needs to allow for the addition of new family lines (new people with no previous family) Need to be able to pull siblings, parents separately through queries I'm having trouble coming up with the proper structure for the database. So far I've come up with two solutions but they're not very reliable and will probably get out of hand quite quickly. Solution 1 involves placing a family_ids field on the people table and storing a list of unique family ids. Each time two people breed the lists are checked against each other to make sure no ids match and if everything checks out will merge the two lists and set that as the child's family_ids field. Example: Father (family_ids: (null)) breeds with Mother (family_ids: (213, 519)) -> Child (family_ids: (213, 519)) breeds with Random Person (family_ids: (813, 712, 122, 767)) -> Grandchild (family_ids: (213, 519, 813, 712, 122, 767)) And so on and so forth... The problem I see with this is the lists becoming unreasonably large as time goes on. Solution 2 uses cakephp's associations to declare: public $belongsTo = array( 'Father' => array( 'className' => 'User', 'foreignKey' => 'father_id' ), 'Mother' => array( 'className' => 'User', 'foreignKey' => 'mother_id' ) ); Now setting recursive to 2 will fetch the results of the mother and father, along with their mother and father, and so on and so forth all the way down the line. The problem with this route is that the data is in nested arrays and I'm unsure of how to efficiently work through the code. If anyone would be able to steer me in the direction of the most efficient way to handle what I want to achieve that would be tremendously helpful. Any and all help is greatly appreciated and I'll gladly answer any questions anyone has. Thanks a lot.

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• Help Desk Database Design

  - by user237244

  The company I work at has very specific and unique needs for a help desk system, so none of the open source systems will work for us. That being the case, I created a custom system using PHP and MySQL. It's far from perfect, but it's infinitely better than the last system they were using; trust me! It meets most of our needs quite nicely, but I have a question about the way I have the database set up. Here are the main tables: ClosedTickets ClosedTicketSolutions Locations OpenTickets OpenTicketSolutions Statuses Technicians When a user submits a help request, it goes in the "OpenTickets" table. As the technicians work on the problem, they submit entries with a description of what they've done. These entries go in the "OpenTicketSolutions" table. When the problem has been resolved, the last technician to work on the problem closes the ticket and it gets moved to the "ClosedTickets" table. All of the solution entries get moved to the "ClosedTicketSolutions" table as well. The other tables (Locations, Statuses, and Technicians) exist as a means of normalization (each location, status, and technician has an ID which is referenced). The problem I'm having now is this: When I want to view a list of all the open tickets, the SQL statement is somewhat complicated because I have to left join the "Locations", "Statuses", and "Technicians" tables. Fields from various tables need to be searchable as well. Check out how complicated the SQL statement is to search closed tickets for tickets submitted by anybody with a first name containing "John": SELECT ClosedTickets.*, date_format(ClosedTickets.EntryDate, '%c/%e/%y %l:%i %p') AS Formatted_Date, date_format(ClosedDate, '%c/%e/%y %l:%i %p') AS Formatted_ClosedDate, Concat(Technicians.LastName, ', ', Technicians.FirstName) AS TechFullName, Locations.LocationName, date_format(ClosedTicketSolutions.EntryDate, '%c/%e/%y') AS Formatted_Solution_EntryDate, ClosedTicketSolutions.HoursSpent AS SolutionHoursSpent, ClosedTicketSolutions.Tech_ID AS SolutionTech_ID, ClosedTicketSolutions.EntryText FROM ClosedTickets LEFT JOIN Technicians ON ClosedTickets.Tech_ID = Technicians.Tech_ID LEFT JOIN Locations ON ClosedTickets.Location_ID = Locations.Location_ID LEFT JOIN ClosedTicketSolutions ON ClosedTickets.TicketNum = ClosedTicketSolutions.TicketNum WHERE (ClosedTickets.FirstName LIKE '%John%') ORDER BY ClosedDate Desc, ClosedTicketSolutions.EntryDate, ClosedTicketSolutions.Entry_ID One thing that I'm not able to do right now is search both open and closed tickets at the same time. I don't think a union would work in my case. So I'm wondering if I should store the open and closed tickets in the same table and just have a field indicating whether or not the ticket is closed. The only problem I can forsee is that we have so many closed tickets already (nearly 30,000) so the whole system might perform slowly. Would it be a bad idea to combine the open and closed tickets?

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• Perfect Your MySQL Database Administrators Skills

  - by Antoinette O'Sullivan

  With its proven ease-of-use, performance, and scalability, MySQL has become the leading database choice for web-based applications, used by high profile web properties including Google, Yahoo!, Facebook, YouTube, Wikipedia and thousands of mid-sized companies. Many organizations deploy both Oracle Database and MySQL side by side to serve different needs, and as a database professional you can find training courses on both topics at Oracle University! Check out the upcoming Oracle Database training courses and MySQL training courses. Even if you're only managing Oracle Databases at this point of time, getting familiar with MySQL Database will broaden your career path with growing job demand. Hone your skills as a MySQL Database Administrator by taking the MySQL for Database Administrators course which teaches you how to secure privileges, set resource limitations, access controls and describe backup and recovery basics. You also learn how to create and use stored procedures, triggers and views. You can take this 5 day course through three delivery methods: Training-on-Demand: Take this course at your own pace and at a time that suits you through this high-quality streaming video delivery. You also get to schedule time on a classroom environment to perform the hands-on exercises. Live-Virtual: Attend a live instructor led event from your own desk. 100s of events already of the calendar in many timezones. In-Class: Travel to an education center to attend this class. A sample of events is shown below:  Location  Date  Delivery Language  Budapest, Hungary  26 November 2012  Hungarian  Prague, Czech Republic  19 November 2012  Czech  Warsaw, Poland  10 December 2012  Polish  Belfast, Northern Ireland  26 November, 2012  English  London, England  26 November, 2012  English  Rome, Italy  19 November, 2012  Italian  Lisbon, Portugal  12 November, 2012  European Portugese  Porto, Portugal  21 January, 2013  European Portugese  Amsterdam, Netherlands  19 November, 2012  Dutch  Nieuwegein, Netherlands  8 April, 2013  Dutch  Barcelona, Spain  4 February, 2013  Spanish  Madrid, Spain  19 November, 2012  Spanish  Mechelen, Belgium  25 February, 2013  English  Windhof, Luxembourg  19 November, 2012  English  Johannesburg, South Africa  9 December, 2012  English  Cairo, Egypt  20 October, 2012  English  Nairobi, Kenya  26 November, 2012  English  Petaling Jaya, Malaysia  29 October, 2012  English  Auckland, New Zealand  5 November, 2012  English  Wellington, New Zealand  23 October, 2012  English  Brisbane, Australia  19 November, 2012  English  Edmonton, Canada  7 January, 2013  English  Vancouver, Canada  7 January, 2013  English  Ottawa, Canada  22 October, 2012  English  Toronto, Canada  22 October, 2012  English  Montreal, Canada  22 October, 2012  English  Mexico City, Mexico  10 December, 2012  Spanish  Sao Paulo, Brazil  10 December, 2012  Brazilian Portugese For more information on this course or any aspect of the MySQL curriculum, visit http://oracle.com/education/mysql.

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• Oracle????????????????????????~????????????????????

  - by Yusuke.Yamamoto

  RDBMS ???????·????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????Oracle ?????????????????????????????????? Oracle Database ???????????????????????????????? ????????????????????? ????Oracle???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????? Oracle Database ???????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????2????????????? 1. ??????(Query Transformation) Query Transformation ???????SQL??????????????????SQL????????????????????? Query Transformation ???Predicate Transformation ? Common Sub-expression Elimination (CSE), Order-BY Elimination (OBYE), Outer Join Elimination (OJE), Simple View Meging (SVM), Predicate Move around (PM), Complex View Merging (CVM), Sub-query Unnesting (SU), Join Predicate Push Down (JPPD) ???? OR Expansion, Star Transformation (ST) ????????????? ···???????????????????????????????????????????????????? Predicate Transformation ?????? Transitive Predicate Generation ????????????? ?????????????SQL???deptno ? 10 ????????????????????????????? select e.ename, d.loc from emp e, dept d where e.deptno=d.deptno and e.deptno=10; ???????????????emp ??? deptno=10 ??????????????dept ??? d.deptno=10 ??????????????????? emp ?? deptno=10 ????????????????????emp ?? deptno=10 ??????10???????10? dept ????????????dept ??20???????????????????????10?*20?=200?????(??????????·?????????)? ??SQL?? Transitive Predicate Generation ??????SQL????????????????? select e.ename, d.location from emp e, dept d where e.deptno=d.deptno and e.deptno=10 and d.deptno=10; ^^^^^^^^^^^ ??????dept ?????? deptno=10 ??????????????????????????10?*1?=10(dept.deptno ?unique????)?1/20????????????????1/20????????????????10??????????30???????????????Query Transformation ???????????????????????????? ?:??????????? dept ?? 1-row table ??????dept ?? driving ???(Outer Table)??? emp ?? probe ???(Inner Table)????????????1?*10?=10 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1/20????????????? ?????? Query Transformation ??????SQL????????????????????????????????? Transformation ??????????????????????????????????? 2. ????·????(Access Path Analysis) Access Path Analysis ??Query Transformation ??SQL????????????(Access Path)?????????(Join Method)?????(Join Order)?????????? ??????????????????(FTS)?ROWID?????????????????????????????·?????(Nested Loop Join)???????(Hash Join)????/?????(Sort Merge Join)????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Oracle Database ????????? Query Transformation ???? Logical Optimizer?Access Path Analysis ???? Physical Optimizer ????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Oracle Database ????????????????????? "Oracle ????????" ?????????? Sustaining Engineering?? ?(??? ???) ???????????????? Sustaining Engineering ????????????????????????Oracle Database ???????????????????????? ?????????????????????Ruby????????????????????????? Oracle????????????????????????! Oracle????????????? Oracle????????????????????????

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• But what version is the database now?

  - by BuckWoody

  When you upgrade your system to SQL Server 2008 R2, you’ll know that the instance is at that version by using the standard commands like SELECT @@VERSION or EXEC xp_msver. My system came back with this info when I typed those: Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2 (RTM) - 10.50.1600.1 (Intel X86)   Apr  2 2010 15:53:02   Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation  Developer Edition on Windows NT 6.0 <X86> (Build 6002: Service Pack 2) (Hypervisor) Index Name Internal_Value Character_Value 1 ProductName NULL Microsoft SQL Server 2 ProductVersion 655410 10.50.1600.1 3 Language 1033 English (United States) 4 Platform NULL NT INTEL X86 5 Comments NULL SQL 6 CompanyName NULL Microsoft Corporation 7 FileDescription NULL SQL Server Windows NT 8 FileVersion NULL 2009.0100.1600.01 ((KJ_RTM).100402-1540 ) 9 InternalName NULL SQLSERVR 10 LegalCopyright NULL Microsoft Corp. All rights reserved. 11 LegalTrademarks NULL Microsoft SQL Server is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. 12 OriginalFilename NULL SQLSERVR.EXE 13 PrivateBuild NULL NULL 14 SpecialBuild 104857601 NULL 15 WindowsVersion 393347078 6.0 (6002) 16 ProcessorCount 1 1 17 ProcessorActiveMask 1 1 18 ProcessorType 586 PROCESSOR_INTEL_PENTIUM 19 PhysicalMemory 2047 2047 (2146934784) 20 Product ID NULL NULL   But a database properties are separate from the Instance. After an upgrade, you always want to make sure that the compatibility options (which have much to do with how NULLs and other objects are treated) is at what you expect. For the most part, as long as the application can handle it, I set my compatibility levels to the latest version. For SQL Server 2008, that was “10.0” or “10”. You can do this with the ALTER DATABASE command or you can just right-click the database and select “Properties” and then “Database Options” in SQL Server Management Studio. To check the database compatibility level, I use this query: SELECT name, cmptlevel FROM sys.sysdatabases When I did that this morning I saw that the databases (all of them) were at 10.0 – not 10.5 like the Instance. That’s expected – we didn’t revise the database format up with the Instance for this particular release. Didn’t want to catch you by surprise on that. While your databases should be at the “proper” level for your situation, you can’t rely on the compatibility level to indicate the Instance level. More info on the ALTER DATABASE command in SQL Server 2008 R2 is here: http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb510680(SQL.105).aspx Share this post: email it! | bookmark it! | digg it! | reddit! | kick it! | live it!

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• Alternative to TOP in SQL Server and Oracle.

  SELECT TOP 5 * FROM EMP ORDER BY SALARY;above query works in SQL Server. This returns top 5 employees. The problem with this query is it doesn't work with Oracle.In Oracle you would need to write the query as follows.SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE ROWNUMIf you are looking for a query which runs in both Oracle and SQL Server. Please use below one.select * from (SELECT row_number() over( ORDER by SALARY) as rank, EMP.* FROM EMP) s1 where s1.rank span.fullpost {display:none;}

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• Advantage database throws an exception when attempting to delete a record with a like statement used

  - by ChrisR

  The code below shows that a record is deleted when the sql statement is: select * from test where qty between 50 and 59 but the sql statement: select * from test where partno like 'PART/005%' throws the exception: Advantage.Data.Provider.AdsException: Error 5072: Action requires read-write access to the table How can you reliably delete a record with a where clause applied? Note: I'm using Advantage Database v9.10.1.9, VS2008, .Net Framework 3.5 and WinXP 32 bit using System.IO; using Advantage.Data.Provider; using AdvantageClientEngine; using NUnit.Framework; namespace NetworkEidetics.Core.Tests.Dbf { [TestFixture] public class AdvantageDatabaseTests { private const string DefaultConnectionString = @"data source={0};ServerType=local;TableType=ADS_CDX;LockMode=COMPATIBLE;TrimTrailingSpaces=TRUE;ShowDeleted=FALSE"; private const string TestFilesDirectory = "./TestFiles"; [SetUp] public void Setup() { const string createSql = @"CREATE TABLE [{0}] (ITEM_NO char(4), PARTNO char(20), QTY numeric(6,0), QUOTE numeric(12,4)) "; const string insertSql = @"INSERT INTO [{0}] (ITEM_NO, PARTNO, QTY, QUOTE) VALUES('{1}', '{2}', {3}, {4})"; const string filename = "test.dbf"; var connectionString = string.Format(DefaultConnectionString, TestFilesDirectory); using (var connection = new AdsConnection(connectionString)) { connection.Open(); using (var transaction = connection.BeginTransaction()) { using (var command = connection.CreateCommand()) { command.CommandText = string.Format(createSql, filename); command.Transaction = transaction; command.ExecuteNonQuery(); } transaction.Commit(); } using (var transaction = connection.BeginTransaction()) { for (var i = 0; i < 1000; ++i) { using (var command = connection.CreateCommand()) { var itemNo = string.Format("{0}", i); var partNumber = string.Format("PART/{0:d4}", i); var quantity = i; var quote = i * 10; command.CommandText = string.Format(insertSql, filename, itemNo, partNumber, quantity, quote); command.Transaction = transaction; command.ExecuteNonQuery(); } } transaction.Commit(); } connection.Close(); } } [TearDown] public void TearDown() { File.Delete("./TestFiles/test.dbf"); } [Test] public void CanDeleteRecord() { const string sqlStatement = @"select * from test"; Assert.AreEqual(1000, GetRecordCount(sqlStatement)); DeleteRecord(sqlStatement, 3); Assert.AreEqual(999, GetRecordCount(sqlStatement)); } [Test] public void CanDeleteRecordBetween() { const string sqlStatement = @"select * from test where qty between 50 and 59"; Assert.AreEqual(10, GetRecordCount(sqlStatement)); DeleteRecord(sqlStatement, 3); Assert.AreEqual(9, GetRecordCount(sqlStatement)); } [Test] public void CanDeleteRecordWithLike() { const string sqlStatement = @"select * from test where partno like 'PART/005%'"; Assert.AreEqual(10, GetRecordCount(sqlStatement)); DeleteRecord(sqlStatement, 3); Assert.AreEqual(9, GetRecordCount(sqlStatement)); } public int GetRecordCount(string sqlStatement) { var connectionString = string.Format(DefaultConnectionString, TestFilesDirectory); using (var connection = new AdsConnection(connectionString)) { connection.Open(); using (var command = connection.CreateCommand()) { command.CommandText = sqlStatement; var reader = command.ExecuteExtendedReader(); return reader.GetRecordCount(AdsExtendedReader.FilterOption.RespectFilters); } } } public void DeleteRecord(string sqlStatement, int rowIndex) { var connectionString = string.Format(DefaultConnectionString, TestFilesDirectory); using (var connection = new AdsConnection(connectionString)) { connection.Open(); using (var command = connection.CreateCommand()) { command.CommandText = sqlStatement; var reader = command.ExecuteExtendedReader(); reader.GotoBOF(); reader.Read(); if (rowIndex != 0) { ACE.AdsSkip(reader.AdsActiveHandle, rowIndex); } reader.DeleteRecord(); } connection.Close(); } } } }

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• SQL SERVER – CXPACKET – Parallelism – Advanced Solution – Wait Type – Day 7 of 28

  - by pinaldave

  Earlier we discussed about the what is the common solution to solve the issue with CXPACKET wait time. Today I am going to talk about few of the other suggestions which can help to reduce the CXPACKET wait. If you are going to suggest that I should focus on MAXDOP and COST THRESHOLD – I totally agree. I have covered them in details in yesterday’s blog post. Today we are going to discuss few other way CXPACKET can be reduced. Potential Reasons: If data is heavily skewed, there are chances that query optimizer may estimate the correct amount of the data leading to assign fewer thread to query. This can easily lead to uneven workload on threads and may create CXPAKCET wait. While retrieving the data one of the thread face IO, Memory or CPU bottleneck and have to wait to get those resources to execute its tasks, may create CXPACKET wait as well. Data which is retrieved is on different speed IO Subsystem. (This is not common and hardly possible but there are chances). Higher fragmentations in some area of the table can lead less data per page. This may lead to CXPACKET wait. As I said the reasons here mentioned are not the major cause of the CXPACKET wait but any kind of scenario can create the probable wait time. Best Practices to Reduce CXPACKET wait: Refer earlier article regarding MAXDOP and Cost Threshold. De-fragmentation of Index can help as more data can be obtained per page. (Assuming close to 100 fill-factor) If data is on multiple files which are on multiple similar speed physical drive, the CXPACKET wait may reduce. Keep the statistics updated, as this will give better estimate to query optimizer when assigning threads and dividing the data among available threads. Updating statistics can significantly improve the strength of the query optimizer to render proper execution plan. This may overall affect the parallelism process in positive way. Bad Practice: In one of the recent consultancy project, when I was called in I noticed that one of the ‘experienced’ DBA noticed higher CXPACKET wait and to reduce them, he has increased the worker threads. The reality was increasing worker thread has lead to many other issues. With more number of the threads, more amount of memory was used leading memory pressure. As there were more threads CPU scheduler faced higher ‘Context Switching’ leading further degrading performance. When I explained all these to ‘experienced’ DBA he suggested that now we should reduce the number of threads. Not really! Lower number of the threads may create heavy stalling for parallel queries. I suggest NOT to touch the setting of number of the threads when dealing with CXPACKET wait. Read all the post in the Wait Types and Queue series. Note: The information presented here is from my experience and I no way claim it to be accurate. I suggest reading book on-line for further clarification. All the discussion of Wait Stats over here is generic and it varies by system to system. You are recommended to test this on development server before implementing to production server. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: DMV, Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL Wait Stats, SQL Wait Types, T SQL, Technology

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• SQL SERVER – UNION ALL and ORDER BY – How to Order Table Separately While Using UNION ALL

  - by pinaldave

  I often see developers trying following syntax while using ORDER BY. SELECT Columns FROM TABLE1 ORDER BY Columns UNION ALL SELECT Columns FROM TABLE2 ORDER BY Columns However the above query will return following error. Msg 156, Level 15, State 1, Line 5 Incorrect syntax near the keyword ‘ORDER’. It is not possible to use two different ORDER BY in the UNION statement. UNION returns single resultsetand as per the Logical Query Processing Phases. However, if your requirement is such that you want your top and bottom query of the UNION resultset independently sorted but in the same resultset you can add an additional static column and order by that column. Let us re-create the same scenario. First create two tables and populated with sample data. USE tempdb GO -- Create table CREATE TABLE t1 (ID INT, Col1 VARCHAR(100)); CREATE TABLE t2 (ID INT, Col1 VARCHAR(100)); GO -- Sample Data Build INSERT INTO t1 (ID, Col1) SELECT 1, 'Col1-t1' UNION ALL SELECT 2, 'Col2-t1' UNION ALL SELECT 3, 'Col3-t1'; INSERT INTO t2 (ID, Col1) SELECT 3, 'Col1-t2' UNION ALL SELECT 2, 'Col2-t2' UNION ALL SELECT 1, 'Col3-t2'; GO If we SELECT the data from both the table using UNION ALL . -- SELECT without ORDER BY SELECT ID, Col1 FROM t1 UNION ALL SELECT ID, Col1 FROM t2 GO We will get the data in following order. However, our requirement is to get data in following order. If we need data ordered by Column1 we can ORDER the resultset ordered by Column1. -- SELECT with ORDER BY SELECT ID, Col1 FROM t1 UNION ALL SELECT ID, Col1 FROM t2 ORDER BY ID GO Now to get the data in independently sorted in UNION ALL let us add additional column OrderKey and use ORDER BY  on that column. I think the description does not do proper justice let us see the example here. -- SELECT with ORDER BY - with ORDER KEY SELECT ID, Col1, 'id1' OrderKey FROM t1 UNION ALL SELECT ID, Col1, 'id2' OrderKey FROM t2 ORDER BY OrderKey, ID GO The above query will give the desired result. Now do not forget to clean up the database by running the following script. -- Clean up DROP TABLE t1; DROP TABLE t2; GO Here is the complete script used in this example. USE tempdb GO -- Create table CREATE TABLE t1 (ID INT, Col1 VARCHAR(100)); CREATE TABLE t2 (ID INT, Col1 VARCHAR(100)); GO -- Sample Data Build INSERT INTO t1 (ID, Col1) SELECT 1, 'Col1-t1' UNION ALL SELECT 2, 'Col2-t1' UNION ALL SELECT 3, 'Col3-t1'; INSERT INTO t2 (ID, Col1) SELECT 3, 'Col1-t2' UNION ALL SELECT 2, 'Col2-t2' UNION ALL SELECT 1, 'Col3-t2'; GO -- SELECT without ORDER BY SELECT ID, Col1 FROM t1 UNION ALL SELECT ID, Col1 FROM t2 GO -- SELECT with ORDER BY SELECT ID, Col1 FROM t1 UNION ALL SELECT ID, Col1 FROM t2 ORDER BY ID GO -- SELECT with ORDER BY - with ORDER KEY SELECT ID, Col1, 'id1' OrderKey FROM t1 UNION ALL SELECT ID, Col1, 'id2' OrderKey FROM t2 ORDER BY OrderKey, ID GO -- Clean up DROP TABLE t1; DROP TABLE t2; GO I am sure there are many more ways to achieve this, what method would you use if you have to face the similar situation? Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com)   Filed under: Best Practices, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• Big Data – Data Mining with Hive – What is Hive? – What is HiveQL (HQL)? – Day 15 of 21

  - by Pinal Dave

  In yesterday’s blog post we learned the importance of the operational database in Big Data Story. In this article we will understand what is Hive and HQL in Big Data Story. Yahoo started working on PIG (we will understand that in the next blog post) for their application deployment on Hadoop. The goal of Yahoo to manage their unstructured data. Similarly Facebook started deploying their warehouse solutions on Hadoop which has resulted in HIVE. The reason for going with HIVE is because the traditional warehousing solutions are getting very expensive. What is HIVE? Hive is a datawarehouseing infrastructure for Hadoop. The primary responsibility is to provide data summarization, query and analysis. It  supports analysis of large datasets stored in Hadoop’s HDFS as well as on the Amazon S3 filesystem. The best part of HIVE is that it supports SQL-Like access to structured data which is known as HiveQL (or HQL) as well as big data analysis with the help of MapReduce. Hive is not built to get a quick response to queries but it it is built for data mining applications. Data mining applications can take from several minutes to several hours to analysis the data and HIVE is primarily used there. HIVE Organization The data are organized in three different formats in HIVE. Tables: They are very similar to RDBMS tables and contains rows and tables. Hive is just layered over the Hadoop File System (HDFS), hence tables are directly mapped to directories of the filesystems. It also supports tables stored in other native file systems. Partitions: Hive tables can have more than one partition. They are mapped to subdirectories and file systems as well. Buckets: In Hive data may be divided into buckets. Buckets are stored as files in partition in the underlying file system. Hive also has metastore which stores all the metadata. It is a relational database containing various information related to Hive Schema (column types, owners, key-value data, statistics etc.). We can use MySQL database over here. What is HiveSQL (HQL)? Hive query language provides the basic SQL like operations. Here are few of the tasks which HQL can do easily. Create and manage tables and partitions Support various Relational, Arithmetic and Logical Operators Evaluate functions Download the contents of a table to a local directory or result of queries to HDFS directory Here is the example of the HQL Query: SELECT upper(name), salesprice FROM sales; SELECT category, count(1) FROM products GROUP BY category; When you look at the above query, you can see they are very similar to SQL like queries. Tomorrow In tomorrow’s blog post we will discuss about very important components of the Big Data Ecosystem – Pig. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: Big Data, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL

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