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  • javac - differences between classpath and sourcepath options

    - by Alex
    Hi, I read the Sun documentation and a lot of Q/A on SO but I'm still a little bit confuse regarding the differences between the javac options -cp and -sourcepath. Let say I have this directory structure: c:\Java\project1\src (where the .java source files are) c:\Java\project1\bin (where the .class will be or are already) The class source MainClass.java is in a package "com.mypackage" and the directory structure is ok in src. I'm in the project1 directory. I run c:\Java\Project1\javac -d bin -sourcepath src src/com/mypackage/MainClass.java or c:\Java\Project1\javac -d bin -classpath src src/com/mypackage/MainClass.java and I obtain the same result. In verbose mode, the search path for source files is src in both cases. If anybody could help me figure out the specifics of these options, it would be great. Thank you.

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  • What is the best practice for including third party jar files in a Java program?

    - by ZoFreX
    I have a program that needs several third-party libraries, and at the moment it is packaged like so: zerobot.jar (my file) libs/pircbot.jar libs/mysql-connector-java-5.1.10-bin.jar libs/c3p0-0.9.1.2.jar As far as I know the "best" way to handle third-party libs is to put them on the classpath in the manifest of my jar file, which will work cross-platform, won't slow down launch (which bundling them might) and doesn't run into legal issues (which repackaging might). The problem is for users who supply the third party libraries themselves (example use case, upgrading them to fix a bug). Two of the libraries have the version number in the file, which adds hassle. My current solution is that my program has a bootstrapping process which makes a new classloader and instantiates the program proper using it. This custom classloader adds all .jar files in lib/ to its classpath. My current way works fine, but I now have two custom classloaders in my application and a recent change to the code has caused issues that are difficult to debug, so if there is a better way I'd like to remove this complexity. It also seems like over-engineering for what I'm sure is a very common situation. So my question is, how should I be doing this?

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  • GNU/Linux swapping blocks system

    - by Ole Tange
    I have used GNU/Linux on systems from 4 MB RAM to 512 GB RAM. When they start swapping, most of the time you can still log in and kill off the offending process - you just have to be 100-1000 times more patient. On my new 32 GB system that has changed: It blocks when it starts swapping. Sometimes with full disk activity but other times with no disk activity. To examine what might be the issue I have written this program. The idea is: 1 grab 3% of the memory free right now 2 if that caused swap to increase: stop 3 keep the chunk used for 30 seconds by forking off 4 goto 1 - #!/usr/bin/perl sub freekb { my $free = `free|grep buffers/cache`; my @a=split / +/,$free; return $a[3]; } sub swapkb { my $swap = `free|grep Swap:`; my @a=split / +/,$swap; return $a[2]; } my $swap = swapkb(); my $lastswap = $swap; my $free; while($lastswap >= $swap) { print "$swap $free"; $lastswap = $swap; $swap = swapkb(); $free = freekb(); my $used_mem = "x"x(1024 * $free * 0.03); if(not fork()) { sleep 30; exit(); } } print "Swap increased $swap $lastswap\n"; Running the program forever ought to keep the system at the limit of swapping, but only grabbing a minimal amount of swap and do that very slowly (i.e. a few MB at a time at most). If I run: forever free | stdbuf -o0 timestamp > freelog I ought to see swap slowly rising every second. (forever and timestamp from https://github.com/ole-tange/tangetools). But that is not the behaviour I see: I see swap increasing in jumps and that the system is completely blocked during these jumps. Here the system is blocked for 30 seconds with the swap usage increases with 1 GB: secs 169.527 Swap: 18440184 154184 18286000 170.531 Swap: 18440184 154184 18286000 200.630 Swap: 18440184 1134240 17305944 210.259 Swap: 18440184 1076228 17363956 Blocked: 21 secs. Swap increase 2400 MB: 307.773 Swap: 18440184 581324 17858860 308.799 Swap: 18440184 597676 17842508 330.103 Swap: 18440184 2503020 15937164 331.106 Swap: 18440184 2502936 15937248 Blocked: 20 secs. Swap increase 2200 MB: 751.283 Swap: 18440184 885288 17554896 752.286 Swap: 18440184 911676 17528508 772.331 Swap: 18440184 3193532 15246652 773.333 Swap: 18440184 1404540 17035644 Blocked: 37 secs. Swap increase 2400 MB: 904.068 Swap: 18440184 613108 17827076 905.072 Swap: 18440184 610368 17829816 942.424 Swap: 18440184 3014668 15425516 942.610 Swap: 18440184 2073580 16366604 This is bad enough, but what is even worse is that the system sometimes stops responding at all - even if I wait for hours. I have the feeling it is related to the swapping issue, but I cannot tell for sure. My first idea was to tweak /proc/sys/vm/swappiness from 60 to 0 or 100, just to see if that had any effect at all. 0 did not have an effect, but 100 did cause the problem to arise less often. How can I prevent the system from blocking for such a long time? Why does it decide to swapout 1-3 GB when less than 10 MB would suffice?

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  • Images or files in GNU Smalltalk?

    - by Marc
    Hi, I'm new to Smalltalk. I think I understand the basics of the language and now want to start with GNU Smalltalk (as it's free and has bindings for GTK). As I'm coming from the PHP and Java-Corner, I'm not familiar with the concept of the Smalltalk images. And I even read now, that you don't need to use images in GNU Smalltalk. Now I'm confused ;-) So is it possible to work with files and to include the classes I need with the PackageLoader class? I would be happy when I could use my favourite texteditor (vim) for coding instead of an IDE, too ;-) Please enlight me :-)

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  • How to add deploy.jar to classpath?

    - by dma_k
    I am facing the problem: I need to add ${java.home}/lib/deploy.jar JAR file to classpath in the runtime (dynamically from java). The solution with Thread#setContextClassLoader(ClassLoader) (mentioned here) does not work because of this bug (if somebody can explain what is really a problem – you are welcome). The solution with -Xbootclasspath/a:"%JAVA_HOME%/jre/lib/deploy.jar" does not work well for me, because I want to have "pure executable jar" as a deliverable: no wrapping scripts please (more over %JAVA_HOME% may not be defined in user's environment in Windows for example, plus I need to write a script per platform) The solution with merging deploy.jar file into my deliverable works only if I make a build on Windows platform. Unfortunately, when the deliverable is produced on build server running on Linux, I got Linux-dependant JAR, which does not execute on Windows – it fails with the trace below. I have read How the Java Launcher Finds Classes and Java programming dynamics: Java classes and class loading articles but I've got no extra ideas, how to correctly handle this situation. Any advices or solutions are very welcomed. Trace: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class com.sun.deploy.config.Config at com.sun.deploy.net.proxy.UserDefinedProxyConfig.getBrowserProxyInfo(UserDefinedProxyConfig.java:43) at com.sun.deploy.net.proxy.DynamicProxyManager.reset(DynamicProxyManager.java:235) at com.sun.deploy.net.proxy.DeployProxySelector.reset(DeployProxySelector.java:59) ... java.lang.NullPointerException at com.sun.deploy.net.proxy.DynamicProxyManager.getProxyList(DynamicProxyManager.java:63) at com.sun.deploy.net.proxy.DeployProxySelector.select(DeployProxySelector.java:166)

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  • How do I hook into Tar with BASH?

    - by orb
    Long Story Short I am working with Tar archives that contain PNG images in base64 encoding. I would like to use BASH (or whatever else works) to hook into the extraction function of Tar to decode PNG images from base64 encoding to standard PNG encoding after the files are unpacked. A simple cat $input-file | base64 -d >$output-file will successfully decode the images. Is there a way I can hook into tar -xf so that users do not have to do any (or minimal) extra work to decode the images? In the GNU Tar documentation (http://www.gnu.org/software/tar/manual/html_chapter/Backups.html#SEC97) I found that there are in fact variables reserved to hold the names of functions I desire to be hooked into various moments in Tar program execution. However, the documentation explains that these variables, along with other variables that can be set to configure Tar, are located in a file named backup-specs. Unfortunately, the path to this file is not given. Further, running sudo find / -name backup-specs tells me that this file is not present on my Ubuntu version 13.04 system. Background Information not included in the Long Story Short I have been working on a browser-based (WebGL) particle effect creation application (http://www.particleeffect.org), (https://github.com/cgrabowski/webgl-particle-effect-editor), (https://github.com/cgrabowski/webgl-particle-effect). I have began to write a client-side-only solution for saving and loading effect data as a tar archive. However, since client-side JavaScript has limited capability to process binary data, the images used as textures in the effect are saved with base64 encoding. I have been able to implement saving effect data as a Tar archive (haven't pushed that to Github yet). However, the images present in said Tar archive cannot be manipulated unless they are decoded from base64 encoding.

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  • Why do I get a NullPointerException when initializing Spring

    - by niklassaers
    Hi guys, I've got a problem running a batch job on my server, whereas it runs fine from Eclipse on my development workstation. I've got my Spring environment set up using Roo, made an entity, and make a batch that does some work, and test it well on my develompent box. I initialize my context and do the work, but when I run my batch on the server, the context isn't initialized properly. Here's the code: public class TestBatch { private static ApplicationContext context; @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public static void main(final String[] args) { context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/META-INF/spring/applicationContext.xml"); try { @SuppressWarnings("unused") TestBatch app = new TestBatch(); } catch (Exception ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } } public void TestBatch() { /** Do Something using the context **/ } } And here's the log and exception: 2010-02-16 11:54:16,072 [main] INFO org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext - Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@6037fb1e: startup date [Tue Feb 16 11:54:16 CET 2010]; root of context hierarchy Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.createBeanFactory(AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.java:194) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.refreshBeanFactory(AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.java:127) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.obtainFreshBeanFactory(AbstractApplicationContext.java:458) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:388) at org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.<init>(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:139) at org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.<init>(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:83) at tld.mydomain.myproject.batch.TestBatch.main(TestBatch.java:51) Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.<clinit>(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:103) ... 7 more Any idea or hints as to what's going on? My classpath is set to $PROJECTHOME/target/classes, and all my dependencies are in $PROJECTHOME/target/lib, and I execute using "export CLASSPATH=$PROJECTHOME/target/classes; java -Djava.endorsed.dirs=$PROJECTHOME/target/lib tld.mydomain.myproject.batch.TestBatch" Is there anything in my setup that looks very wrong? When I run this from Eclipse, no problems, but when I deploy it on the server where I want to run it and run it as described above, I get this problem. Because it runs from Eclipse, I believe my config files are all right, but how can I debug what's causing this? Perhaps I have some config errors or a mismatch between the server and the development workstation after all? Or is this a really weird way of saying file not found, and if so, how do I make sure it finds the correct file?? I'm really looking forward to hearing your suggestions as to how to tackle this problem. Cheers Nik

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  • Grails not executing on IntelliJ (NoClassDefFoundError)

    - by fabien7474
    Hi, I have upgraded my application from grails 1.2.2 to 1.3.1-RC1. While things seem to work when executing grails from command prompt, I cannot make it run from my IDE IntelliJ (last development version). The error I got is: Error executing script RunApp: net/sf/json/JSONException ... Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: net.sf.json.JSONException It seems that the library json-lib.jar is not in the IntelliJ classpath. Do you know how can I solve this?

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  • Why does ANT tell me that JAVA_HOME is wrong when it is not?

    - by Ankur
    I get the error: C:\dev\ws\springapp\build.xml:81: Unable to find a javac compiler; com.sun.tools.javac.Main is not on the classpath. Perhaps JAVA_HOME does not point to the JDK. It is currently set to "C:\Program Files\Java\jre6" But I have clearly set my JAVA_HOME to be C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_14 Where is ANT getting this value?

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  • How to programmatically call a Maven-task

    - by pmf
    I'm using Maven in the context of another build-tool (leiningen for Clojure, but this should not matter), and I would like to know how I would call a plugin like dependency:build-classpath programmatically (i.e. via the Maven-API, not via the mvn-command).

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  • NoClassDefFoundError for a packaged class

    - by Anthony
    I'm trying to run a jar file that uses the YouTube Data API and I'm getting a NoClassDefFoundError for one of the API classes: AuthenticationException.class is found in the gdata-core-1.0 jar: The gdata-core-1.0 jar has been added to my classpath: What am I doing wrong?

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  • About import statement in Java

    - by user198729
    test.java: import javax.media; Which directories are javax.media searched from? I suppose those in CLASSPATH specified by javac -cp will of course be searched. But will it also search in the directory where test.java locates? And are there any other possible places that will be searched?

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  • JNDI / Classpath problem in glassfish

    - by Michael Borgwardt
    I am in the process of converting a large J2EE app from EJB 2 to EJB 3 (all stateless session beans, using glassfish 2.1.1), and running out of ideas. The first EJB I converted (let's call it Foo) ran without major problems (it was the only one in its ejb-module and I could completely replace the deployment descriptor with annotations) and the app ran fine. But after converting the second one (let's call it Bar, one of several in a different ejb-module) there is a weird combination of problems: The app deploys without errors (nothing in the logs either) There is an error when looking up Bar via JNDI When looking at the JNDI tree in the glassfish admin console, Bar is not present at all. Then when I look at the logs, I see this (Foo is the correct name of the EJB's remote interface of the first converted, previously working EJB): Caused by: javax.naming.NamingException: ejb ref resolution error for remote business interface Foo [Root exception is java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Foo] at com.sun.ejb.EJBUtils.lookupRemote30BusinessObject(EJBUtils.java:425) at com.sun.ejb.containers.RemoteBusinessObjectFactory.getObjectInstance(RemoteBusinessObjectFactory.java:74) at javax.naming.spi.NamingManager.getObjectInstance(NamingManager.java:304) at com.sun.enterprise.naming.SerialContext.lookup(SerialContext.java:414) at com.sun.enterprise.naming.SerialContext.list(SerialContext.java:603) at javax.naming.InitialContext.list(InitialContext.java:395) at com.sun.enterprise.admin.monitor.jndi.JndiMBeanHelper.getJndiEntriesByContextPath(JndiMBeanHelper.java:106) at com.sun.enterprise.admin.monitor.jndi.JndiMBeanImpl.getNames(JndiMBeanImpl.java:231) ... 68 more Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: XXX at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1578) at com.sun.ejb.EJBUtils.getBusinessIntfClassLoader(EJBUtils.java:679) at com.sun.ejb.EJBUtils.lookupRemote30BusinessObject(EJBUtils.java:348) ... 75 more This is followed by more exceptions for all the entries that (like Foo) do appear in the JNDI tree. These look like this: Caused by: javax.naming.NotContextException: BarHome cannot be listed at com.sun.enterprise.naming.SerialContext.list(SerialContext.java:607) at javax.naming.InitialContext.list(InitialContext.java:395) at com.sun.enterprise.admin.monitor.jndi.JndiMBeanHelper.getJndiEntriesByContextPath(JndiMBeanHelper.java:106) at com.sun.enterprise.admin.monitor.jndi.JndiMBeanImpl.getNames(JndiMBeanImpl.java:231) ... 68 more However, no exception for Bar, it does not appear in the log at all except one entry during deployment. The other EJBs in the same module do appear, as does Foo. Any ideas what could cause this or how to diagnose it further? The beans are pretty straightforward: @Stateless(name = "Foo") @RolesAllowed("FOOUSER") @TransactionAttribute(TransactionAttributeType.SUPPORTS) public class FooImpl extends BaseBean implements Foo { I'm also having some problems with the deployment descriptor for Bar (I'd like to eliminate it, but glassfish doesn't seem to like having a bean appear only in sun-ejb-jar.xml, or having some beans in a module declared in the descriptor and others use only annotations), but I can't see how that could cause the ClassNotFoundException on Foo. Is there a way to see the ClassPath that Glassfish is actually using?

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  • variable=@value@ in Makefiles

    - by user1447110
    I understand that @ suppresses printing of a command in a Makefile... http://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/make.html#Echoing ... and I understand that $@ is the target name... http://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/make.html#Automatic-Variables ... but I can't find any information on what a line like this might mean: variable=@value@ I'm not trying to fix anything here, just trying to better understand Makefiles. Update: The "Makefile Subsitutions" section of the GNU autoconf manual explains that it's a value that is substituted by autoconf.

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  • Can grub handle same release (3.6) but new rc (rc5)?

    - by hhoyt
    can grub handle newer kerner rc ? I am running 3.6.0-rc4 ok, grub update definitely recognizes all required files for rc5, but edit of grub.cfg only shows rc4 after grub-update. D/N matter whether I generate kernel 3.6.0-rc5 or whether I install the .deb files. Generating grub.cfg ... using custom appearance settings Found background image: /usr/share/peppermint/wallpapers/Peppermint.jpg Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.6.0-030600rc5-generic Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.6.0-030600rc4-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.6.0-030600rc4-generic Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.6.0-rc5 Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.6.0-rc5 Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.6.0-rc5.old Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.6.0-rc5 Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.3 Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.5.3 Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.3.old Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.5.3 Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-13-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-13-generic Found Ubuntu 10.04.1 LTS (10.04) on /dev/sda1 Found Ubuntu 10.04.4 LTS (10.04) on /dev/sda10 Found Peppermint Two (2) on /dev/sda15 Found Ubuntu 10.10 (10.10) on /dev/sda16 Found Windows 7 (loader) on /dev/sda3 Found Ubuntu 11.04 (11.04) on /dev/sda5 Found Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS (12.04) on /dev/sda6 Found Linux Mint 12 LXDE (12) on /dev/sda8 Found MS-DOS 5.x/6.x/Win3.1 on /dev/sdc1 If I press 'e' on boot startup of rc4 and manually change it to rc5 and ctrl-x, it comes up fine. I just cannot get grub.cfg to update such that rc4 is included. Thanks, Howard # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE # It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub # BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then set have_grubenv=true load_env fi set default="Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sda3)" if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}" save_env saved_entry set prev_saved_entry= save_env prev_saved_entry set boot_once=true fi function savedefault { if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then saved_entry="${chosen}" save_env saved_entry fi } function recordfail { set recordfail=1 if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi } function load_video { insmod vbe insmod vga insmod video_bochs insmod video_cirrus } insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd1,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 218e9f6f-c21e-4c50-90a5-5a40be639b66 if loadfont /usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then set gfxmode=640x480 load_video insmod gfxterm insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd1,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 218e9f6f-c21e-4c50-90a5-5a40be639b66 set locale_dir=($root)/boot/grub/locale set lang=en_US insmod gettext fi terminal_output gfxterm if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ]; then set timeout=-1 else set timeout=10 fi END /etc/grub.d/00_header BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd1,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 218e9f6f-c21e-4c50-90a5-5a40be639b66 insmod jpeg if background_image /usr/share/peppermint/wallpapers/Peppermint.jpg; then set color_normal=light-gray/black set color_highlight=magenta/black else set menu_color_normal=white/black set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray fi END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux_proxy menuentry "Peppermint, with Linux 3.6.0-030600rc4-generic" --class peppermint --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd1,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 218e9f6f-c21e-4c50-90a5-5a40be639b66 linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.6.0-030600rc4-generic root=UUID=218e9f6f-c21e-4c50-90a5-5a40be639b66 ro initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.6.0-030600rc4-generic } END /etc/grub.d/10_linux_proxy BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober_proxy menuentry "Peppermint, with Linux 3.6.0-030600rc4-generic (on /dev/sda15)" --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos15)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 21a3d91a-ae43-4f51-b8d6-7f3dc80967d7 linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.6.0-030600rc4-generic root=UUID=21a3d91a-ae43-4f51-b8d6-7f3dc80967d7 ro splash quiet splash vt.handoff=7 initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.6.0-030600rc4-generic } menuentry "Ubuntu, with Linux 3.0.0-24-generic (on /dev/sda10)" --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos10)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 6c9a0149-3045-4335-83fa-a2513ca3a250 linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.0.0-24-generic root=UUID=6c9a0149-3045-4335-83fa-a2513ca3a250 ro crashkernel=384M-2G:64M,2G-:128M splash initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.0.0-24-generic } menuentry "Ubuntu, with Linux 3.5.0-030500rc7-generic (on /dev/sda10)" --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos10)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 6c9a0149-3045-4335-83fa-a2513ca3a250 linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-030500rc7-generic root=UUID=6c9a0149-3045-4335-83fa-a2513ca3a250 ro crashkernel=384M-2G:64M,2G-:128M splash initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-030500rc7-generic } menuentry "Peppermint, with Linux 3.3.0-030300rc2-generic (on /dev/sda15)" --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos15)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 21a3d91a-ae43-4f51-b8d6-7f3dc80967d7 linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.3.0-030300rc2-generic root=UUID=21a3d91a-ae43-4f51-b8d6-7f3dc80967d7 ro splash quiet splash vt.handoff=7 initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.3.0-030300rc2-generic } menuentry "Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.39-rc5-candela (on /dev/sda16)" --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos16)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 48fcb5ec-b51b-4afd-b0e5-a2aace66f6e1 linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.39-rc5-candela root=/dev/sda7 ro splash initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.39-rc5-candela } menuentry "Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sda3)" --class windows --class os { insmod part_msdos insmod ntfs set root='(hd0,msdos3)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root EA3EFABB3EFA7FBD chainloader +1 } menuentry "Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.38-13-generic (on /dev/sda5)" --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos5)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root bcfe855e-a449-429d-b204-c667e129a4bd linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-13-generic root=UUID=bcfe855e-a449-429d-b204-c667e129a4bd ro quiet splash vt.handoff=7 initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-13-generic } menuentry "Ubuntu, with Linux 3.2.0-29-generic-pae (on /dev/sda6)" --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos6)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 369605ad-1a92-4b7d-abb5-ce75cbdfc9c1 linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-29-generic-pae root=UUID=369605ad-1a92-4b7d-abb5-ce75cbdfc9c1 ro quiet splash $vt_handoff initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-29-generic-pae } menuentry "Ubuntu, with Linux 3.2.0-23-generic-pae (on /dev/sda6)" --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos6)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 369605ad-1a92-4b7d-abb5-ce75cbdfc9c1 linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-23-generic-pae root=UUID=369605ad-1a92-4b7d-abb5-ce75cbdfc9c1 ro quiet splash $vt_handoff initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-23-generic-pae } menuentry "Linux Mint 12 LXDE, 3.0.0-12-generic (/dev/sda8) (on /dev/sda8)" --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos8)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root ccdc67ed-e81c-4f85-9b75-fe0c24c65bb8 linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.0.0-12-generic root=UUID=ccdc67ed-e81c-4f85-9b75-fe0c24c65bb8 ro quiet splash vt.handoff=7 initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.0.0-12-generic } menuentry "MS-DOS 5.x/6.x/Win3.1 (on /dev/sdc1)" --class windows --class os { insmod part_msdos insmod ntfs set root='(hd2,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root A8F0DE02F0DDD6A2 drivemap -s (hd0) ${root} chainloader +1 } END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober_proxy BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change the 'exec tail' line above. END /etc/grub.d/40_custom BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom if [ -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then source $prefix/custom.cfg; fi END /etc/grub.d/41_custom

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  • How can I automatically update the title in an xterm running screen?

    - by Nathan Fellman
    This is a bit of a followup to this question. I'm working in tcsh within GNU screen in an xterm. I have the following in my .cshrc: alias res_t 'xtset -t %h:%d "(%u:%g)" %e' # reset titlebar res_t # reset title right now alias precmd res_t And this works fine! However, when I run screen I see that the title doesn't get updated with the current directory. How can I make screen update the xterm title?

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  • Mouse in screen(1) on the Linux console?

    - by SamB
    How can I use the mouse in GNU screen on the Linux console? I would expect this to have to go via gpm, but that doesn't seem to happen by default, even if the curses library does link to libgpm. (This may be related to screen's termcap heritage...)

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  • How do I determine the linux server software/version and email server software/version running

    - by rwilkins
    I just inherited this a single linux box running pop/smtp for a small office (25 users). I'm new to Linux. I think the box is running Debian GNU/Linux 5.0 as the server (this is bannered accross the screen occassionally) but not sure of the release/kernal/build etc. I need to be certain of both the server os and email linux versions in order to perform research, admin and support. Any help/pointers on how to do this is much appreciated.

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  • Workaround for GNU Make 3.80 eval bug

    - by bengineerd
    I'm trying to create a generic build template for my Makefiles, kind of like they discuss in the eval documentation. I've run into a known bug with GNU Make 3.80. When $(eval) evaluates a line that is over 193 characters, Make crashes with a "Virtual Memory Exhausted" error. The code I have that causes the issue looks like this. SRC_DIR = ./src/ PROG_NAME = test define PROGRAM_template $(1)_SRC_DIR = $$(SRC_DIR)$(1)/ $(1)_SRC_FILES = $$(wildcard $$($(1)_SRC_DIR)*.c) $(1)_OBJ_FILES = $$($(1)_SRC_FILES):.c=.o) $$($(1)_OBJ_FILES) : $$($(1)_SRC_FILES) # This is the problem line endef $(eval $(call PROGRAM_template,$(PROG_NAME))) When I run this Makefile, I get gmake: *** virtual memory exhausted. Stop. The expected output is that all .c files in ./src/test/ get compiled into .o files (via an implicit rule). The problem is that $$($(1)_SRC_FILES) and $$($(1)_OBJ_FILES) are together over 193 characters long (if there are enough source files). I have tried running the make file on a directory where there is only 2 .c files, and it works fine. It's only when there are many .c files in the SRC directory that I get the error. I know that GNU Make 3.81 fixes this bug. Unfortunately I do not have the authority or ability to install the newer version on the system I'm working on. I'm stuck with 3.80. So, is there some workaround? Maybe split $$($(1)_SRC_FILES) up and declare each dependency individually within the eval?

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