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• Can I delete libc-bin?

  - by Balazs Szikszay

  Question is simple, I need to know because I cant upgrade/install anything, because it always says I have to uninstall/delete it to continue. It also says dont do it, if I dont know what I am doing. EDIT: szikszay@szikszay-Latitude-E5530-non-vPro:~$ sudo apt-get upgrade Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done You might want to run ‘apt-get -f install’ to correct these. The following packages have unmet dependencies. ia32-libs-multiarch:i386 : Depends: libqtcore4:i386 but it is not installed Depends: libqtgui4:i386 but it is not installed Depends: libqt4-dbus:i386 but it is not installed Depends: libqt4-network:i386 but it is not installed Depends: libqt4-opengl:i386 but it is not installed Depends: libqt4-qt3support:i386 but it is not installed Depends: libqt4-script:i386 but it is not installed Depends: libqt4-scripttools:i386 but it is not installed Depends: libqt4-sql:i386 but it is not installed Depends: libqt4-svg:i386 but it is not installed Depends: libqt4-test:i386 but it is not installed Depends: libqt4-xml:i386 but it is not installed Depends: libqt4-xmlpatterns:i386 but it is not installed Depends: libcups2:i386 but it is not installed Depends: libcupsimage2:i386 but it is not installed Depends: libcurl3:i386 but it is not installed Depends: libnss3:i386 but it is not installed Depends: libnspr4:i386 but it is not installed Depends: libssl1.0.0:i386 but it is not installed Recommends: libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 but it is not installed Recommends: libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 but it is not installed lib32ffi6 : Depends: libc6-i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed lib32gcc1 : Depends: libc6-i386 (= 2.5) but it is not installed lib32nss-mdns : Depends: libc6-i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed lib32stdc++6 : Depends: libc6-i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed lib32z1 : Depends: libc6-i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed libacl1:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed libattr1:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed libaudio2:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed libavahi-client3:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed Depends: libdbus-1-3:i386 (= 1.1.1) but it is not installed libavahi-common3:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed libcomerr2:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.12) but it is not installed libdb5.1:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed libdrm-intel1:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.3.4) but it is not installed libdrm-nouveau1a:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.1.3) but it is not installed libdrm-radeon1:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.3.4) but it is not installed libdrm2:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.7) but it is not installed libffi6:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed libfontconfig1:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.7) but it is not installed Depends: libexpat1:i386 (= 1.95.8) but it is not installed Depends: libfreetype6:i386 (= 2.2.1) but it is not installed libgcc1:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.2.4) but it is not installed libgcrypt11:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed libgdbm3:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.1.3) but it is not installed libglib2.0-0:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.9) but it is not installed libgpg-error0:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.1.3) but it is not installed libice6:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.11) but it is not installed libidn11:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed libjpeg62:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.7) but it is not installed libkeyutils1:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.1.3) but it is not installed liblcms1:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.7) but it is not installed libllvm2.9:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.11) but it is not installed libmng1:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.11) but it is not installed libpciaccess0:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.7) but it is not installed libpcre3:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed librtmp0:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.7) but it is not installed Depends: libgnutls26:i386 (= 2.9.11-0) but it is not installed libsasl2-2:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed libsasl2-modules:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed Depends: libssl1.0.0:i386 (= 1.0.0) but it is not installed libselinux1:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.8) but it is not installed libsm6:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed libsqlite3-0:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed libstdc++6:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed libuuid1:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed libx11-6:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed libxau6:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed libxcb1:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed libxdamage1:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.1.3) but it is not installed libxdmcp6:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed libxext6:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed libxfixes3:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.1.3) but it is not installed libxrender1:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.1.3) but it is not installed libxss1:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.1.3) but it is not installed libxt6:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.7) but it is not installed libxxf86vm1:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.1.3) but it is not installed zlib1g:i386 : Depends: libc6:i386 (= 2.4) but it is not installed E: Unmet dependencies. Try using -f. szikszay@szikszay-Latitude-E5530-non-vPro:~$ sudo apt-get upgrade -f Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Correcting dependencies... Done The following packages will be REMOVED libc-bin The following NEW packages will be installed libc-bin:i386 libc6:i386 libc6-i386 libcups2:i386 libcupsimage2:i386 libcurl3:i386 libdbus-1-3:i386 libexpat1:i386 libfreetype6:i386 libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 libglapi-mesa:i386 libgnutls26:i386 libgssapi-krb5-2:i386 libk5crypto3:i386 libkrb5-3:i386 libkrb5support0:i386 libldap-2.4-2:i386 libnspr4:i386 libnss3:i386 libpng12-0:i386 libqt4-dbus:i386 libqt4-declarative:i386 libqt4-designer:i386 libqt4-network:i386 libqt4-opengl:i386 libqt4-qt3support:i386 libqt4-script:i386 libqt4-scripttools:i386 libqt4-sql:i386 libqt4-svg:i386 libqt4-test:i386 libqt4-xml:i386 libqt4-xmlpatterns:i386 libqtcore4:i386 libqtgui4:i386 libssl1.0.0:i386 libtasn1-3:i386 libtiff4:i386 libxi6:i386 The following packages have been kept back: ginn libgrip0 linux-headers-generic linux-image-generic unity unity-common xserver-xorg-input-evdev xserver-xorg-input-synaptics The following packages will be upgraded: accountsservice acpi-support acpid aisleriot alsa-utils app-install-data-partner apparmor appmenu-qt apport apport-gtk apt apt-transport-https apt-utils aptdaemon aptdaemon-data apturl apturl-common at-spi2-core bamfdaemon banshee banshee-extension-soundmenu banshee-extension-ubuntuonemusicstore baobab bind9-host binutils bluez bluez-alsa bluez-cups bluez-gstreamer brasero brasero-cdrkit brasero-common brltty bzip2 ca-certificates-java checkbox checkbox-gtk colord command-not-found command-not-found-data compiz compiz-core compiz-gnome compiz-plugins-default compiz-plugins-main-default cups cups-bsd cups-client cups-common cups-ppdc dbus dbus-x11 deja-dup desktop-file-utils dnsutils dpkg ecryptfs-utils empathy empathy-common eog evince evince-common evolution-data-server evolution-data-server-common file-roller firefox firefox-globalmenu firefox-gnome-support firefox-locale-en firefox-locale-hu gbrainy gcalctool gconf2 gconf2-common gedit gedit-common ghostscript ghostscript-cups ghostscript-x gir1.2-atspi-2.0 gir1.2-gconf-2.0 gir1.2-gnomebluetooth-1.0 gir1.2-gtk-3.0 gir1.2-gtksource-3.0 gir1.2-totem-1.0 gir1.2-unity-4.0 gir1.2-webkit-3.0 gnome-accessibility-themes gnome-bluetooth gnome-control-center gnome-control-center-data gnome-desktop3-data gnome-font-viewer gnome-games-common gnome-icon-theme gnome-keyring gnome-mahjongg gnome-online-accounts gnome-orca gnome-power-manager gnome-screenshot gnome-search-tool gnome-session gnome-session-bin gnome-session-canberra gnome-session-common gnome-settings-daemon gnome-sudoku gnome-system-log gnome-system-monitor gnome-utils-common gnomine gnupg gpgv grub-common grub-pc grub-pc-bin grub2-common gstreamer0.10-gconf gstreamer0.10-plugins-good gstreamer0.10-pulseaudio gvfs gvfs-backends gvfs-bin gvfs-fuse gwibber gwibber-service gwibber-service-facebook gwibber-service-identica gwibber-service-twitter gzip hpijs hplip hplip-cups hplip-data icedtea-6-jre-cacao icedtea-6-jre-jamvm icedtea-netx ifupdown im-switch indicator-datetime indicator-session indicator-sound initramfs-tools initramfs-tools-bin initscripts insserv isc-dhcp-client isc-dhcp-common iso-codes jockey-common jockey-gtk language-pack-en language-pack-en-base language-pack-gnome-en language-pack-gnome-en-base language-pack-gnome-hu language-pack-gnome-hu-base language-pack-hu language-pack-hu-base language-selector-common language-selector-gnome libaccountsservice0 libapt-inst1.3 libapt-pkg4.11 libarchive1 libasound2-plugins libatk-adaptor libatspi2.0-0 libbamf0 libbamf3-0 libbind9-60 libbluetooth3 libbrasero-media3-1 libbrlapi0.5 libbz2-1.0 libc-dev-bin libc6 libc6-dev libcamel-1.2-29 libcanberra-gtk-module libcanberra-gtk0 libcanberra-gtk3-0 libcanberra-gtk3-module libcanberra-pulse libcanberra0 libcolord1 libcups2 libcupscgi1 libcupsdriver1 libcupsimage2 libcupsmime1 libcupsppdc1 libcurl3-gnutls libdbus-1-3 libdbus-glib-1-2 libdecoration0 libdns69 libebackend-1.2-1 libebook1.2-12 libecal1.2-10 libecryptfs0 libedata-book-1.2-11 libedata-cal-1.2-13 libedataserver1.2-15 libedataserverui-3.0-1 libevince3-3 libexif12 libexpat1 libfreetype6 libgail-3-0 libgail-3-common libgck-1-0 libgconf2-4 libgcr-3-1 libgdata-common libgdata13 libgl1-mesa-dri libgl1-mesa-glx libglapi-mesa libglu1-mesa libgnome-bluetooth8 libgnome-control-center1 libgnome-desktop-3-2 libgnutls26 libgoa-1.0-0 libgs9 libgs9-common libgssapi-krb5-2 libgtk-3-0 libgtk-3-bin libgtk-3-common libgtksourceview-3.0-0 libgtksourceview-3.0-common libgudev-1.0-0 libgweather-3-0 libgweather-common libgwibber-gtk2 libgwibber2 libhpmud0 libicu44 libimobiledevice2 libisc62 libisccc60 libisccfg62 libjasper1 libjs-jquery libk5crypto3 libkrb5-3 libkrb5support0 libldap-2.4-2 liblightdm-gobject-1-0 liblwres60 libmetacity-private0 libmission-control-plugins0 libmono-cairo4.0-cil libmono-corlib4.0-cil libmono-csharp4.0-cil libmono-i18n-west4.0-cil libmono-i18n4.0-cil libmono-posix4.0-cil libmono-security4.0-cil libmono-sharpzip4.84-cil libmono-system-configuration4.0-cil libmono-system-core4.0-cil libmono-system-drawing4.0-cil libmono-system-security4.0-cil libmono-system-xml4.0-cil libmono-system4.0-cil libmono-zeroconf1.0-cil libmysqlclient16 libnautilus-extension1 libncurses5 libncursesw5 libnm-glib-vpn1 libnm-glib4 libnm-gtk-common libnm-gtk0 libnm-util2 libnotify0.4-cil libnspr4 libnss3 libnss3-1d libnux-1.0-0 libnux-1.0-common libpam-gnome-keyring libpam-modules libpam-modules-bin libpam-runtime libpam0g libperl5.12 libpng12-0 libpoppler-glib6 libpoppler13 libproxy0 libpulse-mainloop-glib0 libpulse0 libpurple-bin libpurple0 libpython2.7 libqt4-dbus libqt4-declarative libqt4-network libqt4-opengl libqt4-script libqt4-sql libqt4-sql-mysql libqt4-svg libqt4-xml libqt4-xmlpatterns libqtcore4 libqtgui4 libreoffice-base-core libreoffice-calc libreoffice-common libreoffice-core libreoffice-draw libreoffice-emailmerge libreoffice-gnome libreoffice-gtk libreoffice-help-en-gb libreoffice-help-en-us libreoffice-help-hu libreoffice-impress libreoffice-l10n-common libreoffice-l10n-en-gb libreoffice-l10n-en-za libreoffice-l10n-hu libreoffice-math libreoffice-style-human libreoffice-writer libsane-hpaio libsmbclient libsnmp-base libsnmp15 libssl1.0.0 libsyncdaemon-1.0-1 libt1-5 libtasn1-3 libtiff4 libtinfo5 libtotem0 libubuntuone-1.0-1 libubuntuone1.0-cil libudev0 libunity-core-4.0-4 libunity6 libusbmuxd1 libv4l-0 libvorbis0a libvorbisenc2 libvorbisfile3 libwbclient0 libwebkitgtk-1.0-0 libwebkitgtk-1.0-common libwebkitgtk-3.0-0 libwebkitgtk-3.0-common libxi6 libxml2 libxslt1.1 lightdm linux-firmware linux-libc-dev mawk metacity metacity-common mobile-broadband-provider-info modemmanager mono-4.0-gac mono-gac mono-runtime mousetweaks multiarch-support mysql-common nautilus nautilus-data nautilus-sendto-empathy ncurses-base ncurses-bin network-manager network-manager-gnome nux-tools onboard openjdk-6-jre openjdk-6-jre-headless openjdk-6-jre-lib openssl perl perl-base perl-modules poppler-utils pulseaudio pulseaudio-esound-compat pulseaudio-module-bluetooth pulseaudio-module-gconf pulseaudio-module-x11 pulseaudio-utils python-apport python-aptdaemon python-aptdaemon-gtk python-aptdaemon.gtk3widgets python-aptdaemon.gtkwidgets python-brlapi python-crypto python-cups python-cupshelpers python-egenix-mxdatetime python-egenix-mxtools python-gobject python-gobject-cairo python-httplib2 python-keyring python-launchpadlib python-libproxy python-libxml2 python-pam python-papyon python-pkg-resources python-problem-report python-pyatspi2 python-software-properties python-ubuntuone-client python-ubuntuone-storageprotocol python-uno python2.7 python2.7-minimal qdbus samba-common samba-common-bin seahorse shotwell simple-scan smbclient sni-qt software-center software-properties-common software-properties-gtk sudo system-config-printer-common system-config-printer-gnome system-config-printer-udev sysv-rc sysvinit-utils telepathy-indicator telepathy-mission-control-5 thunderbird thunderbird-globalmenu thunderbird-gnome-support thunderbird-locale-en thunderbird-locale-en-gb thunderbird-locale-en-us thunderbird-locale-hu tomboy totem totem-common totem-mozilla totem-plugins transmission-common transmission-gtk ttf-opensymbol tzdata tzdata-java ubuntu-desktop ubuntu-docs ubuntu-minimal ubuntu-sso-client ubuntu-standard ubuntuone-client ubuntuone-client-gnome ubuntuone-couch udev unity-lens-applications unity-services uno-libs3 update-manager update-manager-core update-notifier update-notifier-common upstart ure usbmuxd vim-common vim-tiny vinagre vino whois x11-common xdiagnose xorg xserver-common xserver-xorg xserver-xorg-core xserver-xorg-input-all xserver-xorg-video-all xserver-xorg-video-intel xserver-xorg-video-openchrome xserver-xorg-video-qxl xul-ext-ubufox WARNING: The following essential packages will be removed. This should NOT be done unless you know exactly what you are doing! libc-bin 498 upgraded, 40 newly installed, 1 to remove and 8 not upgraded. 69 not fully installed or removed. Need to get 439 MB of archives. After this operation, 135 MB of additional disk space will be used. You are about to do something potentially harmful To continue type in the phrase ‘Yes, do as I say!’ ?] I tried to upgrade but it gives me an error, when i try to upgrade-f it says i should delete libc-bin. Thanks for the answers btw. EDIT2: it also says this: The package system is broken If you are using third party repositories then disable them, since they are a common source of problems. Now run the following command in a terminal: apt-get install -f

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• Separate keyboard shortcuts for switching between keyboard layouts

  - by Vitaliy

  I have a few language keyboard layouts installed in my Ubuntu 12.04. I am using ctrl-shift keyboard shortcut for switching between language layouts. Such switching method takes a lot of my time. Is there any posibility to set up a different keyboard shortcut for each language keyboard layout? For example: ctrl-shift-1 (english layout), ctrl-shift-2 (polish layout), ctrl-shift-3 (italian layout) etc.

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• Leitner Box with C#

  For easy learning (specially for learning a foreign language) you can use Leitner Box

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• Purely technical reasons for PHP as a first choice?

  - by JoelFan

  I know this may come off as a flame-y / troll-y, but I hope you will take my word for it that it's not my intention. I am just trying to understand the PHP phenomenon. After looking at the many technical issues with the language design of PHP, I am hard pressed to find any redeeming technical advantages where PHP surpasses all other languages. Before coming to the conclusion that there would simply be no reason to choose PHP as a development language on purely technical grounds, I would like to ask, if all non-technical factors were equal (such as what language the developers already know, what languages the hosting provider offers, language of existing code, cost, license, corporate fiat, etc.), would there be any type of new software system that would indicate making PHP a first choice for development? If so, what technical advantage does PHP have over all other languages that would cause you to choose it? EDIT: I am not interested in comparing PHP "out of the box" with other languages "out of the box". If PHP has a certain feature "out of the box" that another language has only after installing some readily available add-on, that is not considered an advantage for PHP for the purposes of this question.

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• Making your WCF Web Apis to speak in multiple languages

  - by cibrax

  One of the key aspects of how the web works today is content negotiation. The idea of content negotiation is based on the fact that a single resource can have multiple representations, so user agents (or clients) and servers can work together to chose one of them. The http specification defines several “Accept” headers that a client can use to negotiate content with a server, and among all those, there is one for restricting the set of natural languages that are preferred as a response to a request, “Accept-Language”. For example, a client can specify “es” in this header for specifying that he prefers to receive the content in spanish or “en” in english. However, there are certain scenarios where the “Accept-Language” header is just not enough, and you might want to have a way to pass the “accepted” language as part of the resource url as an extension. For example, http://localhost/ProductCatalog/Products/1.es” returns all the descriptions for the product with id “1” in spanish. This is useful for scenarios in which you want to embed the link somewhere, such a document, an email or a page.  Supporting both scenarios, the header and the url extension, is really simple in the new WCF programming model. You only need to provide a processor implementation for any of them. Let’s say I have a resource implementation as part of a product catalog I want to expose with the WCF web apis. [ServiceContract][Export]public class ProductResource{ IProductRepository repository;  [ImportingConstructor] public ProductResource(IProductRepository repository) { this.repository = repository; }  [WebGet(UriTemplate = "{id}")] public Product Get(string id, HttpResponseMessage response) { var product = repository.GetById(int.Parse(id)); if (product == null) { response.StatusCode = HttpStatusCode.NotFound; response.Content = new StringContent(Messages.OrderNotFound); }  return product; }} The Get method implementation in this resource assumes the desired culture will be attached to the current thread (Thread.CurrentThread.Culture). Another option is to pass the desired culture as an additional argument in the method, so my processor implementation will handle both options. This method is also using an auto-generated class for handling string resources, Messages, which is available in the different cultures that the service implementation supports. For example, Messages.resx contains “OrderNotFound”: “Order Not Found” Messages.es.resx contains “OrderNotFound”: “No se encontro orden” The processor implementation bellow tackles the first scenario, in which the desired language is passed as part of the “Accept-Language” header. public class CultureProcessor : Processor<HttpRequestMessage, CultureInfo>{ string defaultLanguage = null;  public CultureProcessor(string defaultLanguage = "en") { this.defaultLanguage = defaultLanguage; this.InArguments[0].Name = HttpPipelineFormatter.ArgumentHttpRequestMessage; this.OutArguments[0].Name = "culture"; }  public override ProcessorResult<CultureInfo> OnExecute(HttpRequestMessage request) { CultureInfo culture = null; if (request.Headers.AcceptLanguage.Count > 0) { var language = request.Headers.AcceptLanguage.First().Value; culture = new CultureInfo(language); } else { culture = new CultureInfo(defaultLanguage); }  Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = culture; Messages.Culture = culture;  return new ProcessorResult<CultureInfo> { Output = culture }; }}   As you can see, the processor initializes a new CultureInfo instance with the value provided in the “Accept-Language” header, and set that instance to the current thread and the auto-generated resource class with all the messages. In addition, the CultureInfo instance is returned as an output argument called “culture”, making possible to receive that argument in any method implementation   The following code shows the implementation of the processor for handling languages as url extensions.   public class CultureExtensionProcessor : Processor<HttpRequestMessage, Uri>{ public CultureExtensionProcessor() { this.OutArguments[0].Name = HttpPipelineFormatter.ArgumentUri; }  public override ProcessorResult<Uri> OnExecute(HttpRequestMessage httpRequestMessage) { var requestUri = httpRequestMessage.RequestUri.OriginalString;  var extensionPosition = requestUri.LastIndexOf(".");  if (extensionPosition > -1) { var extension = requestUri.Substring(extensionPosition + 1);  var query = httpRequestMessage.RequestUri.Query;  requestUri = string.Format("{0}?{1}", requestUri.Substring(0, extensionPosition), query); ;  var uri = new Uri(requestUri);  httpRequestMessage.Headers.AcceptLanguage.Clear();  httpRequestMessage.Headers.AcceptLanguage.Add(new StringWithQualityHeaderValue(extension));  var result = new ProcessorResult<Uri>();  result.Output = uri;  return result; }  return new ProcessorResult<Uri>(); }} The last step is to inject both processors as part of the service configuration as it is shown bellow, public void RegisterRequestProcessorsForOperation(HttpOperationDescription operation, IList<Processor> processors, MediaTypeProcessorMode mode){ processors.Insert(0, new CultureExtensionProcessor()); processors.Add(new CultureProcessor());} Once you configured the two processors in the pipeline, your service will start speaking different languages :). Note: Url extensions don’t seem to be working in the current bits when you are using Url extensions in a base address. As far as I could see, ASP.NET intercepts the request first and tries to route the request to a registered ASP.NET Http Handler with that extension. For example, “http://localhost/ProductCatalog/products.es” does not work, but “http://localhost/ProductCatalog/products/1.es” does.

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• De-index URL parameters by value

  - by Doug Firr

  Upon reading over this question is lengthy so allow me to provide a one sentence summary: I need to get Google to de-index URLs that have parameters with certain values appended I have a website example.com with language translations. There used to be many translations but I deleted them all so that only English (Default) and French options remain. When one selects a language option a parameter is aded to the URL. For example, the home page: https://example.com (default) https://example.com/main?l=fr_FR (French) I added a robots.txt to stop Google from crawling any of the language translations: # robots.txt generated at http://www.mcanerin.com User-agent: * Disallow: Disallow: /cgi-bin/ Disallow: /*?l= So any pages containing "?l=" should not be crawled. I checked in GWT using the robots testing tool. It works. But under html improvements the previously crawled language translation URLs remain indexed. The internet says to add a 404 to the header of the removed URLs so the Googles knows to de-index it. I checked to see what my CMS would throw up if I visited one of the URLs that should no longer exist. This URL was listed in GWT under duplicate title tags (One of the reasons I want to scrub up my URLS) https://example.com/reports/view/884?l=vi_VN&l=hy_AM This URL should not exist - I removed the language translations. The page loads when it should not! I played around. I typed example.com?whatever123 It seems that parameters always load as long as everything before the question mark is a real URL. So if Google has indexed all these URLS with parameters how do I remove them? I cannot check if a 404 is being generated because the page always loads because it's a parameter that needs to be de-indexed.

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• Using Visual Studio as a Task-Focused IDE

  - by Jay Stevens

  Are there patterns or libraries or any official Microsoft SDK for using Visual Studio as a specifically Task-Focused UI? For example, both Revolution R (IDE for the R language) and SQL 2012 (and I think SQL 2008 and possibly 2005) use Visual Studio as the underlying IDE framework. Is there an officially supported SDK and/or examples/samples for doing this type of thing? I am building a language Parser for an existing language - whose only available IDE is INSANELY expensive - using Irony (and eventually will generate a Language Service as well). Any direct or indirect suggestions/answers are appreciated.

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• How to resolve the "Failed to download repository" error?

  - by jojo

  I've tried to update but then I got this error Here's the error information in that box: W:GPG error: http://extras.ubuntu.com precise Release: The following signatures were invalid: BADSIG 16126D3A3E5C1192 Ubuntu Extras Archive Automatic Signing Key <[email protected]>, W:Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/unity-team/hud/ubuntu/dists/precise/main/source/Sources 404 Not Found, W:Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/unity-team/hud/ubuntu/dists/precise/main/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found, E:Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead. And my Internet connection is working fine. After trying $ sudo apt-get install ppa-purge Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done ppa-purge is already the newest version. The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: language-pack-zh-hans language-pack-kde-en language-pack-kde-zh-hans language-pack-kde-en-base kde-l10n-engb kde-l10n-zhcn language-pack-zh-hans-base firefox-locale-zh-hans language-pack-kde-zh-hans-base Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them. 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. $ sudo ppa-purge ppa:unity-team/hud Updating packages lists W: GPG error: http://extras.ubuntu.com precise Release: The following signatures were invalid: BADSIG 16126D3A3E5C1192 Ubuntu Extras Archive Automatic Signing Key <[email protected]> W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/unity-team/hud/ubuntu/dists/precise/main/source/Sources 404 Not Found W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/unity-team/hud/ubuntu/dists/precise/main/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found E: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead. Warning: apt-get update failed for some reason PPA to be removed: unity-team hud Warning: Could not find package list for PPA: unity-team hud I've tried $ sudo apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 16126D3A3E5C1192 Executing: gpg --ignore-time-conflict --no-options --no-default-keyring --secret-keyring /tmp/tmp.v6Ucus0B10 --trustdb-name /etc/apt/trustdb.gpg --keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg --primary-keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 16126D3A3E5C1192 gpg: requesting key 3E5C1192 from hkp server keyserver.ubuntu.com gpg: key 3E5C1192: "Ubuntu Extras Archive Automatic Signing Key <[email protected]>" not changed gpg: Total number processed: 1 gpg: unchanged: 1 And then started the same procedure but of no use.

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• Which useful alternative control structures do you know?

  - by bigown

  Similar question was closed on SO. Sometimes when we're programming, we find that some particular control structure would be very useful to us, but is not directly available in our programming language. What alternative control structures do you think are a useful way of organizing computation? The goal here is to get new ways of thinking about structuring code, in order to improve chunking and reasoning. You can create a wishful syntax/semantic not available now or cite a less known control structure on an existent programming language. Answers should give ideas for a new programming language or enhancing an actual language. Think of this as brainstorming, so post something you think is a crazy idea but it can be viable in some scenario. It's about imperative programming.

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• First 10 programs in a new scripting languge

  - by pro_metedor

  When a peron is learning a new scripting language like: bash python perl pike What kind of simple (yet practical) problem solutions to get through to make say that a person is comprehend with this scripting language enough to approach some complex yet still practical problems encountered in everyday job. In other words, which problems would you give that person to solve to make sure that he/she is familiar with the scripting language.

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• How do you visually represent programming skills?

  - by TomSchober

  I had a discussion with a recruiter recently that made me wish I could visually represent programming skills. In trying to explain how skills relate, what are the important properties of those skills? Would a tagging model work (i.e. "Design Pattern," "Programming Language," "IDE," or "VCS")? Are they really hierarchical? Clarification: The real problem I see is communicating the level of granularity among skill sets. For instance saying someone "knows Java" is a uselessly broad term in describing what someone can DO. However saying they know how to write web services with the Java Programming language is a bit better. To go even further, saying they know Spring as a tool under all that is probably specific enough. What should we call those levels of granularity? What are the relationships between the terms we use? i.e. Framework to Language, Tool to Language, Framework to Solution(like web services), etc.

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• How to set default hreflangs for some languages?

  - by user1721135

  I want to make a site with different versions for 2 countries, which have the same language. Then I need to do the same for another language. Basically I want to have 6 versions of the site: UK English US English Default English ?? Austrian German Germany German Default German The question is, how do I define the "default" language versions, for any country with this language which isnt defined already? I know there is x-default, but I think you can only use that once and it is for all languages and all countries.

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• How do search engines segment against locale?

  - by Hope I Helped

  Assume I run a website with multiple language modes. If I had a Spanish section, it should be included in Spanish-segmented search engines such as Google Spain, Google Peru, Google El Salvador, etc. and excluded in the others. Likewise, even though the website would have content in Chinese, multilingual countries such as Singapore should feature content in their main language (English in this case). What is the best approach to ensure the appropriate language is associated with the various geographically segmented search engines?

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• In Ubuntu 13.10, none of the hotkeys of LibreOffice works in non-English keyboard layout

  - by maqtanim

  In Ubuntu 13.10, the hotkeys/shortcut-keys (Ctrl+b, Ctrl+s etc) in LibreOffice are language dependent and work in English language only. While writing in any other language (i.e. any Cyrillic and/or any Bengali etc) it's impossible to use hotkeys, they just don't do anything. Switching to English input language enable hotkeys once again. This is very frustrating as user needs to switch language to save document, to make it bold, or italic, etc. This was not experienced in Ubuntu 13.04. Steps to reproduce: System Settings Text Entry. Add another keyboard layout beside English [In my case it is Bengali (Probhat)] Now launch Writer. Switch the keyboard layout from English (US) to Bengali (Probhat) by pressing Ctrl+Space. Press Ctrl+B to change font weight to bold. Error: Font weight does not get changed. Expected: Font weight should change to bold. Note: none other system hotkeys work as expected. I.e. Ctrl+s to save, or Ctrl+b to subscript, or Ctrl+i to italic etc. Workaround: The only way is to - change the keyboard layout to English then press desired hotkey then switch keyboard layout back to Bengali. The issue is critical, as it make writer very slow for keyboard-only typing.

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• what's included in a typical computer architecture class? [closed]

  - by sq1020

  Does this description fit what's usually included in a computer architecture class? Computer Organization and Assembly Language An introduction to the hardware organization and assembly language of the Intel processor. Topics include memory hierarchy and design- CPU design- pipelining- addressing modes- subroutine linkage- polled input/output- interrupts- high level language interfacing and macros.

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• How were the first compilers made?

  - by Sauron

  I always wonder this, and perhaps I need a good history lesson on programming languages. But....since most compilers nowadays are made in C......how were the very first compilers made (AKA before C) or were all the languages just interpreted. With that being said, I still don't understand how even the first assembly language was done, I understand what assembly language is......but I don't see how they got the VERY first assembly language working (like.....how did they make the first commands (like mov R21) or w/e set to the binary equivalent.

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• What php programmer should know?

  - by emchinee

  I've dig the database here and didn't found any answer for my question. What is a standard for a php programmer to know? I mean, literally, what group of language functions, mechanisms, variables should person know to consider oneself a (good) php programmer? (I know 'being good' is beyond language syntax, still I'm considering syntax of plain php only) To give an example what I mean: functions to control http sessions, cookies functions to control connection with databases functions to control file handling functions to control xml etc.. I omit phrases like 'security' or 'patterns' or 'framework' intentionally as it applies to every programming language. Hope I made myself clear, any input appreciated :) Note: Michael J.V. is right claiming that databases are independent from language, so to put my question more precisely and emphasise differences: Practises or security, are some ideas to implement (there is no 'Pattern' object with 'Decorator()' method, is there?) while using databases means knowing a mysqli and a set of its methods.

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• Differences between C# and Javascript for Unity [closed]

  - by vrinek

  Apart from the language differences (class-based vs prototypical, strong vs weak typing), what are the differences between using Javascript and using C# when developing games in Unity3D? Is there a noticable performance difference? Is the javascript code packaged as-is? And if yes, does this help the game's modability? Is it possible to use libraries developed for one language while developing in the other one? Is it possible to mix the two languages in the same Unity project by coding some parts in C# and others in Javascript? The next couple of questions are time-specific so feel free to ignore or remove: If libraries are not cross-functional, which language has better library support from the game development perspective? Which language has better game dev specific resources available (books, websites, forums)?

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• Were the first assemblers written in machine code?

  - by The111

  I am reading the book The Elements of Computing Systems: Building a Modern Computer from First Principles, which contains projects encompassing the build of a computer from boolean gates all the way to high level applications (in that order). The current project I'm working on is writing an assembler using a high level language of my choice, to translate from Hack assembly code to Hack machine code (Hack is the name of the hardware platform built in the previous chapters). Although the hardware has all been built in a simulator, I have tried to pretend that I am really constructing each level using only the tools available to me at that point in the real process. That said, it got me thinking. Using a high level language to write my assembler is certainly convenient, but for the very first assembler ever written (i.e. in history), wouldn't it need to be written in machine code, since that's all that existed at the time? And a correlated question... how about today? If a brand new CPU architecture comes out, with a brand new instruction set, and a brand new assembly syntax, how would the assembler be constructed? I'm assuming you could still use an existing high level language to generate binaries for the assembler program, since if you know the syntax of both the assembly and machine languages for your new platform, then the task of writing the assembler is really just a text analysis task and is not inherently related to that platform (i.e. needing to be written in that platform's machine language)... which is the very reason I am able to "cheat" while writing my Hack assembler in 2012, and use some preexisting high level language to help me out.

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• De-index URL paremeters

  - by Doug Firr

  Upon reading over this question is lengthy so allow me to provide a one sentence summary: I need to get Google to de-index URLs that have certain parameters appended I have a website example.com with language translations. There used to be many translations but I deleted them all so that only English (Default) and French options remain. When one selects a language option a parameter is aded to the URL. For example, the home page: https://example.com (default) https://example.com/main?l=fr_FR (French) I added a robots.txt to stop Google from crawling any of the language translations: # robots.txt generated at http://www.mcanerin.com User-agent: * Disallow: Disallow: /cgi-bin/ Disallow: /*?l= So any pages containing "?l=" should not be crawled. I checked in GWT using the robots testing tool. It works. But under html improvements the previously crawled language translation URLs remain indexed. The internet says to add a 404 to the header of the removed URLs so the Googles knows to de-index it. I checked to see what my CMS would throw up if I visited one of the URLs that should no longer exist. This URL was listed in GWT under duplicate title tags (One of the reasons I want to scrub up my URLS) https://example.com/reports/view/884?l=vi_VN&l=hy_AM This URL should not exist - I removed the language translations. The page loads when it should not! I played around. I typed example.com?whatever123 It seems that parameters always load as long as everything before the question mark is a real URL. So if Google has indexed all these URLS with parameters how do I remove them? I cannot check if a 404 is being generated because the page always loads because it's a parameter that needs to be de-indexed.

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• Class as first-class object

  - by mrpyo

  Could a class be a first-class object? If yes, how would the implementation look? I mean, how could syntax for dynamically creating new classes look like? EDIT: I mean what example syntax could look like (I'm sorry, English is not my native language), but still I believe this question makes sense - how you give this functionality while keeping language consistent. For example how you create reference for new type. Do you make reference first-class object too and then use something like this: Reference<newType> r = new Reference<newType>(); r.set(value); Well this could get messy so you may just force user to use Object type references for dynamically created classes, but then you loose type-checking. I think creating concise syntax for this is interesting problem which solving could lead to better language design, maybe language which is metalanguage for itself (I wonder if this is possible).

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• Developing a computer system based on Nand2Tetris [on hold]

  - by Ryan

  I recently finished a book called Nand2Tetris (nand2tetris.org) where I built my own computer system from scratch with its own machine language, assembly code, and a high level language called Jack that's translated to Hack binary. However, I feel like the "computer" I built throughout the course of this book (called the Hack computer) is a bit too simple for various reasons: 1) There are only two registers (D and A), whereas most computers have much more 2) Peripheral devices like mouse and keyboard have to be directly implemented 3) Peripheral devices use a pre-planned shared memory map to communicate with the CPU instead of using interrupts (which aren't covered at all) 4) Jack (the high level language) code doesn't compile to Assembly code directly, instead it compiles to an intermediate language, which in turn gets translated to Assembly. 5) There is no ROM or permanent storage device, everything is stored in RAM 6) No support for colored monitor, networking or sound I would like to build a more complicated computer system now based on what I've learned from Nand2Tetris. Does anyone know of any good resources or books to get started on this? (BTW by computer system I mean software that can emulate the hardware of a virtual computer with its own unique instruction set)

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• Suggestions for Future or On-The-Edge Languages (2011)

  - by Kurtis

  I'm just looking for some suggestions on newer languages and language implementations that are useful for string manipulation. It's now 2011 and a lot has changed over the years. Most of my work includes web development (which is mostly text-based) and command line scripting. I'm pretty language agnostic, although I've felt violated using PHP over the years. My only requirements are that the language be good at text manipulation, without a lot of 3rd party libraries (core libraries are okay, though), and that the language and/or standard implementation is very up to date or even "futuristic". For example, the two main languages I'm looking at right now are Python (Version 3.x) or Perl (Version 6.x). Research, Academic, and Experimental languages are okay with me. I don't mind functional languages although I'd like to have the option of programming in a procedural or even object oriented manner. Thanks!

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• JRuby and JVM Languages at JavaOne!

  - by Yolande Poirier

  "My goal with my talks at JavaOne is to teach what is happening at the JVM level and below so people understand better where we are going" explains Charles Nutter, Jruby project lead. In this interview, Charles shared the JRuby features he presented at the JVM Language Summit. They include foreign function interface (FFI), IO layer, character transcoding, regular expressions, compilers, coroutines, and more.  At JavaOne, he will be presenting:  Going Native: Bringing FFI to the JVM The Java Native Runtime (JNR) is a high-speed foreign function interface (FFI) for calling native code from Java without ever writing a line of C. Based on the success of JNR, JDK Enhancement Proposal (JEP) 191 will bring FFI to OpenJDK as an internal API.  The Emerging Languages Bowl: The Big League Challenge In this panel discussion, these emerging languages are portrayed by their respective champions, who explain how they may help your everyday life as a Java developer. Script Bowl 2014: The Battle Rages On In this contest, languages that run on the JVM, represented by their respective language experts, battle for most popular language status by showing off their new features. Audience members will also vote on a language that should not return in 2015. Returning from 2013 are language gurus representing Clojure, Groovy, JRuby, and Scala.

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• What's New in Visual Studio 2010 Languages

  - by Aamir Hasan

  What's New in Visual Basic 2010Describes new features in the Visual Basic language and Code Editor. The features include implicit line continuation, auto-implemented properties, collection initializers, and more.What's New in Visual C# 2010Describes new features in the C# language and Code Editor. The features include the dynamic type, named and optional arguments, enhanced Office programmability, and variance.What's New in Visual C++ 2010Describes new and revised features in Visual C++. The features include lambda expressions, the rvalue reference declarator, and the auto, decltype, and static_assert keywords.What's New in Visual F# 2010Describes the F# language, which is a language that supports functional programming for the .NET Framework.Reference:http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb386063%28VS.100%29.aspx

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