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  • How do calculators work with precision?

    - by zoul
    Hello! I wonder how calculators work with precision. For example the value of sin(M_PI) is not exactly zero when computed in double precision: #include <math.h> #include <stdio.h> int main() { double x = sin(M_PI); printf("%.20f\n", x); // 0.00000000000000012246 return 0; } Now I would certainly want to print zero when user enters sin(p). I can easily round somewhere on 1e–15 to make this particular case work, but that’s a hack, not a solution. When I start to round like this and the user enters something like 1e–20, they get a zero back (because of the rounding). The same thing happens when the user enters 1/10 and hits the = key repeatedly — when he reaches the rounding treshold, he gets zero. And yet some calculators return plain zero for sin(p) and at the same time they can work with expressions such as (1e–20)/10 comfortably. Where’s the trick?

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  • erroneous Visual C float / double conversion?

    - by RED SOFT ADAIR
    In Visual C++ i wrote the following sample in a C++ program: float f1 = 42.48f; double d1 = 42.48; double d2 = f1; I compiled the program with Visual Studio 2005. In the debugger i see the following values: f1 42.480000 float d1 42.479999999999997 double d2 42.479999542236328 double d1 by my knowledege is OK, but d2 is wrong. The problem occurs as well with /fp=precise as with /fp=strict as with /fp=fast. Whats the problem here? Any hint how to avoid this Problem? This leads to serious numerical problems.

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  • How to mark empty in a single element in a float array

    - by Vineeth Mohan
    I have a large float (primitive) array and not every element in the array is filled. How can i mark a particular element as EMPTY. I understand this can be achieved by some special symbols but still i would like to know the standard way. Even if i am using some special symbol , how will i handle a situation where the actual data item is the value of special symbol. In short my question is how to implement the NULL feature in a primitive type array in java. PS - The reason why i am not using Float object is to achieve a high memory and speed performance. Thanks Vineeth

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  • Adding a div layer on top of a jquery carousel. Tough one.

    - by wilwaldon
    Hey everyone, I have a tough one, well it's tough for me because I'm kinda new to the whole jQuery carousel thing, never built one before this project. Here's my problem. If you go to the TEST SITE you will see a scroller with a blue background about half way down the page. If you mouse onto the "data analytics" slide you should see a black box fade in. Here is my dilemma. I want that black box to be a menu that's connected to the data analytics slide. I've done a mock up for you so you can see what I'm talking about. Here is my scroller code. I'm using jCarousel. <div class="carousel"> <ul> <li> <div id="homeslide1"> testers sdfasdfasdfas asdftjhs iasndkad kasdnf <a href="#" id="#homeslide1-toggle">Close this</a> </div> <a href="#" id="homeslide1-show"><img src="<?php bloginfo('template_url'); ?>/images/home_data_analytics.jpg" width="200" height="94" /></a> </li> <li><img src="<?php bloginfo('template_url'); ?>/images/home_oem_partnerships.jpg" width="200" height="94" /></li> <li><img src="<?php bloginfo('template_url'); ?>/images/home_reporting.jpg" width="200" height="92" /></li> <li><img src="<?php bloginfo('template_url'); ?>/images/home_returning_lost_customers.jpg" width="200" height="92" /></li> <li><img src="<?php bloginfo('template_url'); ?>/images/home_sales.jpg" width="200" height="92" /></li> <li><img src="<?php bloginfo('template_url'); ?>/images/home_service_retention.jpg" width="200" height="92" /></li> </ul> Here is my scroller css /*HOMEPAGE SCROLLER*/ .carousel {!important padding:10px; width: 890px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 26px;} .carousel ul li element.style{height: 94px;} .carousel ul{width: 200px; padding: 5px;} .carouselitem{height: 94px;} .prev{background: url(images/home_left_scroll.png); height: 94px; width: 16px; text-indent: -999px; outline: none; cursor:pointer; float: left;} .next{background: url(images/home_right_scroll.png); height: 94px; width: 16px; text-indent: -999px; outline: none; cursor:pointer; float: right;} .carousel ul li{ padding: 0px 3px 0px 3px; margin: 0px; height:!important 94px; } .home_right_arrow{ width: 16px; float: right;} .home_left_arrow{ width: 16px; float: left;} .homeslide1{ width: 200px; height: 94px;} I've tried all sorts of z-index tricks but can't seem to figure it out on my own. If you solve this riddle I'll buy you a beer if we ever meet up. I'll also give you a high five through the internet. Is there a simple way to do this via jQuery? If so could you point me in the right direction? Thanks so much.

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  • Why might different computers calculate different arithmetic results in VB.NET?

    - by Eyal
    I have some software written in VB.NET that performs a lot of calculations, mostly extracting jpegs to bitmaps and computing calculations on the pixels like convolutions and matrix multiplication. Different computers are giving me different results despite having identical inputs. What might be the reason? Edit: I can't provide the algorithm because it's proprietary but I can provide all the relevant operations: ULong \ ULong (Turuncating division) Bitmap.Load("filename.bmp') (Load a bitmap into memory) Bitmap.GetPixel(Integer, Integer) (Get a pixel's brightness) Double + Double Double * Double Math.Sqrt(Double) Math.PI Math.Cos(Double) ULong - ULong ULong * ULong ULong << ULong List.OrderBy(Of Double)(Func) Hmm... Is it possible that OrderBy is using a non-stable QuickSort and that QuickSort is using a random pivot? Edit: Just tested, nope. The sort is stable.

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  • Swap bits in c++ for a double

    - by hidayat
    Im trying to change from big endian to little endian on a double. One way to go is to use double val, tmp = 5.55; ((unsigned int *)&val)[0] = ntohl(((unsigned int *)&tmp)[1]); ((unsigned int *)&val)[1] = ntohl(((unsigned int *)&tmp)[0]); But then I get a warning: "dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules" and I dont want to turn this warning off. Another way to go is: #define ntohll(x) ( ( (uint64_t)(ntohl( (uint32_t)((x << 32) >> 32) )) << 32) | ntohl( ((uint32_t)(x >> 32)) ) ) val = (double)bswap_64(unsigned long long(tmp)); //or val = (double)ntohll(unsigned long long(tmp)); But then a lose the decimals. Anyone know a good way to swap the bits on a double without using a for loop?

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  • How can you transform a set of numbers into mostly whole ones?

    - by Alice
    Small amount of background: I am working on a converter that bridges between a map maker (Tiled) that outputs in XML, and an engine (Angel2D) that inputs lua tables. Most of this is straight forward However, Tiled outputs in pixel offsets (integers of absolute values), while Angel2D inputs OpenGL units (floats of relative values); a conversion factor between these two is needed (for example, 32px = 1gu). Since OpenGL units are abstract, and the camera can zoom in or out if the objects are too small or big, the actual conversion factor isn't important; I could use a random number, and the user would merely have to zoom in or out. But it would be best if the conversion factor was selected such that most numbers outputted were small and whole (or fractions of small whole numbers), because that makes it easier to work with (and the whole point of the OpenGL units is that they are easy to work with). How would I find such a conversion factor reliably? My first attempt was to use the smallest number given; this resulted in no fractions below 1, but often lead to lots of decimal places where the factors didn't line up. Then I tried the mode of the sequence, which lead to the largest number of 1's possible, but often lead to very long floats for background images. My current approach gets the GCD of the whole sequence, which, when it works, works great, but can easily be thrown off course by a single bad apple. Note that while I could easily just pass the numbers I am given along, or pick some fixed factor, or use one of the conversions I specified above, I am looking for a method to reliably scale this list of integers to small, whole numbers or simple fractions, because this would most likely be unsurprising to the end user; this is not a one off conversion. The end users tend to use 1.0 as their "base" for manipulations (because it's simple and obvious), so it would make more sense for the sizes of entities to cluster around this.

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  • Problem using the find function in MATLAB

    - by Peter Etchells
    I have two arrays of data that I'm trying to amalgamate. One contains actual latencies from an experiment in the first column (e.g. 0.345, 0.455... never more than 3 decimal places), along with other data from that experiment. The other contains what is effectively a 'look up' list of latencies ranging from 0.001 to 0.500 in 0.001 increments, along with other pieces of data. Both data sets are X-by-Y doubles. What I'm trying to do is something like... for i = 1:length(actual_latency) row = find(predicted_data(:,1) == actual_latency(i)) full_set(i,1:4) = [actual_latency(i) other_info(i) predicted_info(row,2) ... predicted_info(row,3)]; end ...in order to find the relevant row in predicted_data where the look up latency corresponds to the actual latency. I then use this to created an amalgamated data set, full_set. I figured this would be really simple, but the find function keeps failing by throwing up an empty matrix when looking for an actual latency that I know is in predicted_data(:,1) (as I've double-checked during debugging). Moreover, if I replace find with a for loop to do the same job, I get a similar error. It doesn't appear to be systematic - using different participant data sets throws it up in different places. Furthermore, during debugging mode, if I use find to try and find a hard-coded value of actual_latency, it doesn't always work. Sometimes yes, sometimes no. I'm really scratching my head over this, so if anyone has any ideas about what might be going on, I'd be really grateful.

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  • Doing arithmetic with up to two decimal places in Python?

    - by user248237
    I have two floats in Python that I'd like to subtract, i.e. v1 = float(value1) v2 = float(value2) diff = v1 - v2 I want "diff" to be computed up to two decimal places, that is compute it using %.2f of v1 and %.2f of v2. How can I do this? I know how to print v1 and v2 up to two decimals, but not how to do arithmetic like that. The particular issue I am trying to avoid is this. Suppose that: v1 = 0.982769777778 v2 = 0.985980444444 diff = v1 - v2 and then I print to file the following: myfile.write("%.2f\t%.2f\t%.2f\n" %(v1, v2, diff)) then I will get the output: 0.98 0.99 0.00, suggesting that there's no difference between v1 and v2, even though the printed result suggests there's a 0.01 difference. How can I get around this? thanks.

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  • strange results with /fp:fast

    - by martinus
    We have some code that looks like this: inline int calc_something(double x) { if (x > 0.0) { // do something return 1; } else { // do something else return 0; } } Unfortunately, when using the flag /fp:fast, we get calc_something(0)==1 so we are clearly taking the wrong code path. This only happens when we use the method at multiple points in our code with different parameters, so I think there is some fishy optimization going on here from the compiler (Microsoft Visual Studio 2008, SP1). Also, the above problem goes away when we change the interface to inline int calc_something(const double& x) { But I have no idea why this fixes the strange behaviour. Can anyone explane this behaviour? If I cannot understand what's going on we will have to remove the /fp:fastswitch, but this would make our application quite a bit slower.

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  • Float Conversion Issue

    - by user1407570
    I have an issue after converted a float from a string, the result of my operation is null The NSLogs give the right value but vitesseMoyenne is equal to null -(void)setVitesseMoyenne:(float)uneDistanceTotale:(NSString*)unTempsTotal { //float tempEnFloat = [unTempsTotal floatValue]; NSLog(@"%@",unTempsTotal); float calculVitesseMoyenne = uneDistanceTotale / [unTempsTotal floatValue]; NSLog(@"%f",calculVitesseMoyenne); vitesseMoyenne = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%f", calculVitesseMoyenne]; } Can you see what is wrong ?

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  • Is it possible to read Fortran formatted data in Python?

    - by Werner
    I get output files from very old Fortran programs, which look like: 0.81667E+00 -0.12650E+01 -0.69389E-03 0.94381E+00 -0.11985E+01 -0.11502E+00 0.96064E+00 -0.11333E+01 -0.17616E+00 0.10202E+01 -0.12435E+01 -0.93917E-01 0.10026E+01 -0.10904E+01 -0.15108E+00 0.90516E+00 -0.11030E+01 -0.19139E+00 0.98624E+00 -0.11598E+01 -0.22970E+00 Is it possible to read this in Python and convert the numbers to "normal" floats?

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  • MySQL float values jumping around on insert?

    - by dubayou
    So i have a SQL table setup as such CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `points` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment, `lat` float(10,6) NOT NULL, `lng` float(10,6) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM; And im inserting stuff like INSERT INTO `points` (`lat`, `lng`) VALUES ('89.123456','-12.123456'); Gives me a row with lat and lng being 89.123459 and -12.123455 Whats up?

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  • Why does ghci say that 1.1 + 1.1 + 1.1 > 3.3 is True?

    - by Frerich Raabe
    I've been going through a Haskell tutorial recently and noticed this behaviour when trying some simple Haskell expressions in the interactive ghci shell: Prelude> 1.1 + 1.1 == 2.2 True Prelude> 1.1 + 1.1 + 1.1 == 3.3 False Prelude> 1.1 + 1.1 + 1.1 > 3.3 True Prelude> 1.1 + 1.1 + 1.1 3.3000000000000003 Does anybody know why that is?

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  • Can anyone explain this strange behaviour?

    - by partizan
    Hi, guys. Here is the example with comments: class Program { // first version of structure public struct D1 { public double d; public int f; } // during some changes in code then we got D2 from D1 // Field f type became double while it was int before public struct D2 { public double d; public double f; } static void Main(string[] args) { // Scenario with the first version D1 a = new D1(); D1 b = new D1(); a.f = b.f = 1; a.d = 0.0; b.d = -0.0; bool r1 = a.Equals(b); // gives true, all is ok // The same scenario with the new one D2 c = new D2(); D2 d = new D2(); c.f = d.f = 1; c.d = 0.0; d.d = -0.0; bool r2 = c.Equals(d); // false! this is not the expected result } } So, what do you think about this?

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  • Why does GLSL's arithmetic functions yield so different results on the iPad than on the simulator?

    - by cheeesus
    I'm currently chasing some bugs in my OpenGL ES 2.0 fragment shader code which is running on iOS devices. The code runs fine in the simulator, but on the iPad it has huge problems and some of the calculations yield vastly different results, I had for example 0.0 on the iPad and 4013.17 on the simulator, so I'm not talking about small differences which could be the result of some rounding errors. One of the things I noticed is that, on the iPad, float1 = pow(float2, 2.0); can yield results which are very different from the results of float1 = float2 * float2; Specifically, when using pow(x, 2.0) on a variable containing a larger negative number like -8, it seemed to return a value which satified the condition if (powResult <= 0.0). Also, the result of both operations (pow(x, 2.0) as well as x*x) yields different results in the simulator than on the iPad. Used floats are mediump, but I get the same stuff with highp. Is there a simple explanation for those differences? I'm narrowing the problem down, but it takes so much time, so maybe someone can help me here with a simple explanation.

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  • How to make your website works on a projector?

    - by iyad al aqel
    I have a presentation tomorrow, and while I was trying to project my website using projector all the elements appeared mixed up. The problem is I used a software called "AXURE" to do the website. The HTML files produced by this software are crap. There's no one unified CSS file. The style is embedded for each element in the <div> tag and every element is positined by absolute pixels. How can make my website works on larger screens?

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  • In .net, how do I choose between a Decimal and a Double

    - by Ian Ringrose
    We were discussing this the other day at work and I wish there was a Stackoverflow question I would point people at so here goes.) What is the difference between a Double and a Decimal? When (in what cases) should you always use a Double? When (in what cases) should you always use a Decimal? What’s the diver factors to consider in cases that don’t fall into one of the two camps above? (There a lot of questions that overlap this question, but they tend to be asking what someone should do in a given case, not how to decide in the general case)

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  • How to correctly and standardly compare floats?

    - by DIMEDROLL
    Every time I start a new project and when I need to compare some float or double variables I write the code like this one: if (fabs(prev.min[i] - cur->min[i]) < 0.000001 && fabs(prev.max[i] - cur->max[i]) < 0.000001) { continue; } Then I want to get rid of these magic variables 0.000001(and 0.00000000001 for double) and fabs, so I write an inline function and some defines: #define FLOAT_TOL 0.000001 So I wonder if there is any standard way of doing this? May be some standard header file? It would be also nice to have float and double limits(min and max values)

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  • Double multiplied by 100 and then cast to long is giving wrong value

    - by xyz
    I have the following code: Double i=17.31; long j=(long) (i*100); System.out.println(j); O/P : 1730 //Expected:1731 Double i=17.33; long j=(long) (i*100); System.out.println(j); O/P : 1732 //Expected:1733 Double i=17.32; long j=(long) (i*100); System.out.println(j); O/P : 1732 //Expected:1732{As expected} Double i=15.33; long j=(long) (i*100); System.out.println(j); O/P : 1533 //Expected:1533{as Expected} I have tried to Google but unable to find reason.I am sorry if the question is trivial.

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  • Accordion "growing out" from its container - in IE7/8

    - by Richard Knop
    I think this problem is best explained by images. This is how my accordion looks: When you click on the small plus/minus icons the slides under each chapter will expand/collapse. However when the content in the accordion grows too tall, it grows out from its container. So if I click on more plus icons the accordion will look like this (not pretty): As you can see, the container is not growing taller together with the accordion and it does not look good. This problem only occurs in IE7 and IE8. It works in Firefox and Chrome. The HTML looks like this (simplified): <div id="content"> <div class="box2 rounded-corners"> <div class="chapters"> <h3><a href="/clientarea/view/archived-course/teid/133">Obsah</a></h3> <div id="accordion"> <ul> ... // accordion content - too long ... // accordion content - too long </ul> <div class="clear">&nbsp;</div> </div> <div class="clear">&nbsp;</div> </div> <div class="training-body"> ... // content to the right of the accordion </div> </div> </div> The CSS, again siplified: html, body { height: 100%; width: 100%; overflow: auto; } #content { background: white url('/images/background_middle.png') left top repeat-x; padding: 13px; min-height: 40em; height: auto !important; height: 40em; } /* this is the div with rounded corners */ #content .box2 { background: white; padding: 0 15px 15px; border: 1px solid #C5E3F8; position: relative; } /* left sidebar 98 #content div.chapters { float: left; width: 224px; } /* orange heading "OBSAH" */ #content div.chapters h3 { color: #ff6e19; text-transform: uppercase; font-size: .9em; text-align: center; padding-bottom: .5em; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0; } #content div.chapters h3 a { color: #ff6e19; } /* accordion */ #accordion { width: 226px; border-top: 1px solid #c5e3f8; } #accordion ul { padding-left: 0; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; margin-left: 0; } /* area to the right of the accordion */ #content div.training-body { float: left; padding-left: 0px; width: 748px; line-height: 1.3em; }

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