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  • What is your strategy to avoid dynamic typing errors in Python (NoneType has not attribute x)?

    - by Koen Bok
    Python is one of my favorite languages, but I really have a love/hate relationship with it's dynamicness. Apart from the advantages, it often results in me forgetting to check a type, trying to call an attribute and getting the NoneType (or any other) has no attribute x error. A lot of them are pretty harmless but if not handled correctly they can bring down your entire app/process/etc. Over time I got better predicting where these could pop up and adding explicit type checking, but because I'm only human I miss one occasionally and then some end-user finds it. So I'm interested in your strategy to avoid these. Do you use type-checking decorators? Maybe special object wrappers? Please share...

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  • What is everything involved from typing in code to executing a program?

    - by Befall
    I realized, when just asking a question, I don't understand all the components that are part of the coding process. This seems a silly question, but I can't find a definitive answer on Google, Wiki, nothing. What exactly are all the parts called, and how do they work and intertwine? I'm talking whatever you type code into, whatever checks that for errors, compiles it, and runs it. I'd appreciate any links, repeats, etc. I apologize for such a bland, stupid question.

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  • WPF: RichTextBox typing TWICE slower than in a VB 5.0 RichTextBox ...

    - by msfanboy
    Hello, first this is no rant although its worth alone to put it on a blog... When I type very fast - having roughly 260 chars/minute - WPF`s RichTextBox starts swallowing chars and I have to stop writing that fast a = a.IsAnnoying = true; The same in a VB 5.0 RichTextBox fast as hell. Why is WPF again so great for? Customer satisfactory ? Seriously, is there something I can tweak to make RichTextBox better responding?

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  • Interesting Scala typing solution, doesn't work in 2.7.7?

    - by djc
    I'm trying to build some image algebra code that can work with images (basically a linear pixel buffer + dimensions) that have different types for the pixel. To get this to work, I've defined a parametrized Pixel trait with a few methods that should be able to get used with any Pixel subclass. (For now, I'm only interested in operations that work on the same Pixel type.) Here it is: trait Pixel[T <: Pixel[T]] { def mul(v: Double): T def max(v: T): T def div(v: Double): T def div(v: T): T } Now I define a single Pixel type that has storage based on three doubles (basically RGB 0.0-1.0), I've called it TripleDoublePixel: class TripleDoublePixel(v: Array[Double]) extends Pixel[TripleDoublePixel] { var data: Array[Double] = v def this() = this(Array(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)) def toString(): String = { "(" + data(0) + ", " + data(1) + ", " + data(2) + ")" } def increment(v: TripleDoublePixel) { data(0) += v.data(0) data(1) += v.data(1) data(2) += v.data(2) } def mul(v: Double): TripleDoublePixel = { new TripleDoublePixel(data.map(x => x * v)) } def div(v: Double): TripleDoublePixel = { new TripleDoublePixel(data.map(x => x / v)) } def div(v: TripleDoublePixel): TripleDoublePixel = { var tmp = new Array[Double](3) tmp(0) = data(0) / v.data(0) tmp(1) = data(1) / v.data(1) tmp(2) = data(2) / v.data(2) new TripleDoublePixel(tmp) } def max(v: TripleDoublePixel): TripleDoublePixel = { val lv = data(0) * data(0) + data(1) * data(1) + data(2) * data(2) val vv = v.data(0) * v.data(0) + v.data(1) * v.data(1) + v.data(2) * v.data(2) if (lv > vv) (this) else v } } Now I want to write code to use this, that doesn't have to know what type the pixels are. For example: def idiv[T](a: Image[T], b: Image[T]) { for (i <- 0 until a.data.size) { a.data(i) = a.data(i).div(b.data(i)) } } Unfortunately, this doesn't compile: (fragment of lindet-gen.scala):145: error: value div is not a member of T a.data(i) = a.data(i).div(b.data(i)) I was told in #scala that this worked for someone else, but that was on 2.8. I've tried to get 2.8-rc1 going, but it doesn't compile for me. Is there any way to get this to work in 2.7.7?

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  • Is Pseudo typing in Erlang the way to get types?

    - by Zubair
    For example, to denote a String I could use: {string,"hjggjhhggJ"} and a list would be: {list, [1,2,3]} : I guess I have found that I am running into situations where I need types, for example to distinguish between strings and lists and I am not sure how to proceed. I do however want to use whatever technique I choose everywhere in my Erlang application for consistency, and not just for strings and lists. Any advice?

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  • Can web apps allow fast data-typists to "type-ahead"?

    - by user61852
    In some data entry contexts, I've seen data typists, type really fast and know so well the app they use, and have a mechanic quality in their work so that they can "type ahead", ie continue typing and "tab-bing" and "enter-ing" faster than the display updates, so that in many occasions they are typing in the data for the next form before it draws itself. Then when this next entry form appears, their keystrokes fill the text boxes and they continue typing, selecting etc. In contexts like this, this speed is desirable, since this persons are really productive. I think this "type ahead of time" is only possible in desktop apps, but I may be wrong. My question is whether this way of handling the keyboard buffer (which in desktop apps require no extra programming) is achievable in web apps, or is this impossible because of the way web apps work, handle sessions, etc (network latency and the overhead of generating new web pages ) ? Edit: By "type ahead" I mean "keyboard type ahead" (typing faster than the next entry form can load), not suggets-as-you-type-like-google type ahead. Typeahead is a feature of computers and software (and some typewriters) that enables users to continue typing regardless of program or computer operation—the user may type in whatever speed he or she desires, and if the receiving software is busy at the time it will be called to handle this later. Often this means that keystrokes entered will not be displayed on the screen immediately. This programming technique for handling user what is known as a keyboard buffer.

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  • WPF properties memory management

    - by mrpyo
    I'm trying to build binding system similar to the one that is used in WPF and I ran into some memory leaking problems, so here comes my question - how is memory managed in WPF property system? From what I know in WPF values of DependencyProperties are stored in external containers - what I wanna know is how are they collected when DependencyObject dies? Simplest solution would be to store them is some weak reference dictionary - but here comes the main problem I ran into - when there is a listener on property that needs reference to its (this property) parent it holds it (the parent) alive (when value of weak reference dictionary points somewhere, even indirectly, to key - it can't be collected). How is it avoided in WPF without the need of using weak references everywhere?

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  • How common are circular references? Would reference-counting GC work just fine?

    - by user9521
    How common are circular references? The less common they are, the fewer hard cases you have if you are writing in a language with only reference counting-GC. Are there any cases where it wouldn't work well to make one of the references a "weak" reference so that reference counting still works? It seems like you should be able to have a language only use reference counting and weak references and have things work just fine most of the time, with the goal of efficiency. You could also have tools to help you detect memory leaks caused by circular references. Thoughts, anyone? It seems that Python uses references counting (I don't know if it uses a tracing collector occasionally or not for sure) and I know that Vala uses reference counting with weak references; I know that it's been done before, but how well would it work?

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  • How do I get the Windows 8 Desktop to stop refreshing itself while I'm working?

    - by Nessa Morris
    I have an Asus touchscreen laptop with Windows 8, not RT. The best way that I can describe the problem is: when I am working on something in the desktop, the desktop/screen refreshes itself. It doesn't matter if I am using an IE window, or Word, etc. Basically, while I'm viewing the desktop, the icons disappear for a second or two and then come back. If I'm typing in Word, the screen essentially pauses and just stops typing. It won't start typing again until I touch the screen or click on something. In IE, the screen acts pretty similar, if I happen to be typing a URL, or in a form, etc. Why does it do this? And how can I make it stop? Thanks so much for any help you can give me, and please let me know if I can provide any other info that you think may be helpful.

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  • Can't Move Windows to 2nd Monitor without Left Mouse and Cntl Key

    - by John C
    I have 2 very frustrating problems that maybe someone can help me with: I have 2 monitors (different sizes and resolutions) setup with the "Extended" monitor Win7 setup. My problem is this = I can not "move" a window from my Primary Monitor (larger and higher resolution on right side in front of me) to my Secondary 2nd monitor (smaller and lower resolution) with just selecting the title bar with the left mouse button and dragging it to the left. Windows 7 "snaps" it back to the left Primary Monitor when the window is physically in the 2nd window area as I'm holding the left mouse button. I can prevent this problem - by holding down the Cntl Key with the Left Mouse button, but this is extremely annoying to me. Also I typically "lose" focus if I try typing input on the 2nd monitor. Typing is erratic with regard to keystroke accuracy from my keyboard translated into input on the 2nd screen. No problem with typing input on the primary left monitor. I find this extremely annoying in Windows 7 and turning off the "snap" feature via the Control panel does NOT work for me. Win7 stubbornly refuses to move my selected window to my 2nd monitor without me "forcing" Win7 to do this with the Cntrl Key. Please tell me this is not a Win7 feature. Also on my system - Windows Key + Shift, Left arrow Key (pressed together) or the same combo with The Right arrow Key - don't do anything whatsoever. Widows Key with "+" however does maximize current window across both monitors, and I can "restore" it with Windows Key and "-" back to original monitor and size. I have tried various solutions including changing the resolutions of one or both of my monitors and sometimes "temporarily helps" but reverts back to the problem. Also if I swap the logical (not physical) layout so that I tell Win7 the monitors are setup in a reserved situation (Large monitor on the left, and small on the right) - this also sometimes helps for awhile - and is very strange and awkward to work with "backwards". But all of these solutions stop working. The only solution that consistently works for "moving" the screens is to hold the Cntrl Key down as I'm moving window with the left mouse selected on the title bar. Even that however, doesn't prevent the loss of typing focus for me on the 2nd monitor - while at the same time the typing on the 1st monitor is fine. Any help on moving my window screens from one monitor on my 2nd monitor without having to press the Cntrl key while holding down my left mouse button with be appreciated. Also any help on gaining typing "focus" into my 2nd screen with be helpful too. Thanks - John

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  • Windows 8 start screen will only find apps matching full words

    - by Ian Oakes
    Since doing a fresh install of Windows 8 x64 RTM I'm having trouble starting apps from the start screen. In previous version I could just start typing the apps name and I would be presented with a list of matches that decreased in number as I continued typing. In the RTM version I have to type complete words to find a match. i.e. if I want to run powershell I have to type in powershell before I get any hits. Like wise if I want to start Visual Studio I have to type visual before I get a match. If I continue and start typing Studio the match goes away and doesn't return until I finish typing studio. This problem does not affect Setting or Files which show all possible matches. Any ideas what is wrong?

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  • Learn to use both sides of the keyboard

    - by brewerja
    I'd like to force myself to use the correct (right side or left side) Shift, Ctrl, and Alt keys depending on what letter I'm typing. For instance I'd like to use the right Shift key when typing 'A' and the left Shift key when typing 'P'. I find myself using only the left side a lot and I'm looking for a way to set the mappings on my machine so that it only responds to correct pairings. I'm running Fedora, but any Linux distro support would be an acceptable answer.

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  • Is there a standard .NET exception to throw when a class doesn't implement a required attribute?

    - by a typing monkey
    Suppose I want to throw a new exception when invoking a generic method with a type that doesn't have a required attribute. Is there a .NET exception that's appropriate for this situation, or, more likely, one that would be a suitable ancestor for a custom exception? For example: public static class ClassA { public static T DoSomething<T>(string p) { Type returnType = typeof(T); object[] typeAttributes = returnType.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(SerializableAttribute), true); if ((typeAttributes == null) || (typeAttributes.Length == 0)) { // Is there an exception type in the framework that I should use/inherit from here? throw new Exception("This class doesn't support blah blah blah"); // Maybe ArgumentException? That doesn't seem to fit right. } } } Thanks.

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  • Mathematica 8 crashes Ubuntu 13.10

    - by Georgy Ivanov
    I have Mathematica 8 installed on my Ubuntu laptop since 2011. I updated Ubuntu several times, and experienced no problems with Mathematica. It also worked smoothly after I updated Ubuntu to 13.10 (it worked for sure for a week after update). When I tried to start Mathematica today by executing a .sh-file, the screen went black, I was logged out from the session and thrown back to the login screen. Typing mathematica in the terminal produced the same effect. Typing mathematica -cleanstart or mathematica -mesa did not help. Starting Gnome session with or without effects did not help Launching mathematica under another user account did not help. I still can run text-only version of mathematica by typing math in the terminal. I don't remember making any changes to my configuration except for installing updates. Is there any quick way to fix this behavior? How can I know which component exactly crashed? Where should I look for crash logs?

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  • Keyboard "type ahead" in CRUD web apps?

    - by user61852
    In some data entry contexts, I've seen data typists, type really fast and know so well the app they use, and have a mechanic quality in their work so that they can "type ahead", ie continue typing and "tab-bing" and "enter-ing" faster than the display updates, so that in many occasions they are typing in the data for the next form before it draws itself. Then when this next entry form appears, their keystrokes fill the text boxes and they continue typing, selecting etc. In contexts like this, this speed is desirable, since this persons are really productive. I think this "type ahead of time" is only possible in desktop apps, but I may be wrong. My question is whether this way of handling the keyboard buffer (which in desktop apps require no extra programming) is achievable in web apps, or is this impossible because of the way web apps work, handle sessions, etc (network latency and the overhead of generating new web pages ) ?

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  • How to draw an E-R diagram?

    - by Appy
    I am learning DBMS in my college. Recently I was given an assignment to draw a E-R Model of a Bus Reservation system which handles Reservations, Ticketing and cancellations. I understand the theory about E-R model when I study from a book, but it gets confusing when I try to draw one from scratch. How should one proceed? There seem to be a lot of ways to model a E-R diagram for a particular requirement. It's really confusing. Can anyone explain taking Bus reservation System as an example? Here is the model I made (But I am not confident with it because at every step, I could think of many more alternatives!) - Entity_Set Passenger(passengerID,name,age,gender) Entity_Set Ticket(ticketID,status) //Status is either WaitingList , Confirmed or Cancelled Entity_Set Bus (busID,MaxSeats,Type) //Type is Ac or Non-AC Entity_Set Route(routeID,ArrivalTime,DepartureTime,Source,Destination) And a Ternary relationship between Passenger, Ticket and Bus with attributes as passengerID, ticketID, busID . Binary relationship between Bus and Route with attributes as busID, routeID . I have few doubts regarding - 1 . Should we take Time as a composite attribute with Arrival and Departure as its attributes (What's the difference if we take that way?) 2 . The same with Source and Destination. Should they be made into a composite attribute "Place" or something like "Location"? 3. Are there any weak entity sets here? Can you please 'create' a weak entity set and explain? Because I have no idea at all what to take as a Weak entity set?

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  • Debugging OpenOffice crashes

    - by JD Long
    This is partly an OpenOffice question and partly a Ubuntu question. I'm running OpenOffice 3.2.0 and Ubuntu 10.04. I get frequent crashes of OO, especially the Calc app, although I get crashes in the word processor as well. They are very abrupt and accompanies by no warning or error message. I'm just typing away and then the app is gone. Sometimes I even end up thinking I'm typing in OO and discover that OO has crashed and I'm typing in whatever application was under OO. However, I can't reproduce these crashes on demand. They seem random. I can open the same file and do the same exact thing but it does not crash. In Ubuntu how do I trace, track, or diagnose these types of crashes? Is there software I can invoke to help diagnose? Can I start OO from a command prompt with debugging of some sort enabled? Note: if someone could add the tag OpenOffice, I would appreciate it

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  • Choosing an open source license such that maximum value is added to a startup

    - by echo-flow
    There are many companies that produce open source software products, and many business models that these companies can use. I'm particularly interested in companies like 280 North, the company behind Objective-J and Cappucino frameworks. My understanding of this organization's business model is that they: worked to develop a tool which added significant value to developers, released the tool under an open source license, built a community around the tool (which was helped by the project's open source licensing), created interesting demos illustrating the project's value All of these things added value to the project, and the company that owned it. Finally, 280 North was sold to Motorola. My question has to do with the role of software licensing in this particular business model. 280 North licensed their software projects under the LGPL, which gave them some proprietary control over how the project could be used. I believe that the LGPL is what's known as a "weak copyleft" license, meaning that the project can be linked to, without the linking code also being licensed under the LGPL; but software derived directly from the project would need to be licensed under the LGPL. For web-oriented libraries in particular, weak copyleft, or non-copyleft licensing seems to be quite common; I can't think of a single example of a popular or well-known web-oriented library that is licensed under the GPL (or AGPL). The question then, is, how much value would a weak copyleft license like the LGPL add to a software venture like 280 North, versus a non-copyleft license, such as the BSD license or the Apache Software License? I'd really appreciate any insight anyone can offer into this, but I'd be most interested in answers that can cite other companies as case studies or examples.

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  • gwt+xml- can i read through incomplete XML using the GWT XML Parser

    - by Arvind
    I have a requirement where a user is typing in XML in a text area, and I want to show the various nodes in a tree...But as the user is typing in the xml, it wont be a complete xml (since he is still typing in the XML)... How do I read an incomplete XML and correctly generate the tree? I understand how to read an xml and generate nodes in the tree, what I want to know is, how to read the incomplete XML as it is being typed in

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  • How many types of programming languages are there?

    - by sova
    Basically, I want to learn lots of programming languages to become a great programmer. I know only a handful to depth and I was hoping someone could elaborate on how many classes or types of programming languages there are. Like how you would lump them together if you had to learn them in groups. Coming from a Java background, I'm familiar with static typing, but I know that in addition to dynamic typing there has to be such variety in available languages that I would love to see a categorical breakdown if possible.

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  • Why do some languages recommend using spaces rather than tabs?

    - by TK Kocheran
    Maybe I'm alone in this, but few things annoy me like people indenting using spaces rather than tabs. How is typing SpaceSpaceSpaceSpace easier and more intuitive than typing Tab? Sure, tab width is variable, but it's much more indicative of indentation space than spaces. The same thing goes for backspacing; backspace once or four times? Why do languages like Python recommend using spaces over tabs?

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  • how to switch beetween users using kde,gnome and unity without enter everytime password only on kde?

    - by user49523
    i can switch between users after login in with them with gnome and unity without typing again the password but i have to type again with kde .. so can i switch from gnome or unity to kde without typing again the user password? ..and, it is possible to start ,from shutdown computer, login with 3 different users using gnome,kde and unity? and it is possible to open kde,gnome and unity with the same user without log out ? (this is only to have 1 user instead of 3)

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  • Types in Lisp and Scheme

    - by user2054900
    I see now that Racket has types. At first glance it seems to be almost identical to Haskell typing. But is Lisp's CLOS covering some of the space Haskell types cover? Creating a very strict Haskell type and an object in any OO language seems vaguely similar. It's just that I've drunk some of the Haskell kool-aid and I'm totally paranoid that if I go down the Lisp road, I'll be screwed due to dynamic typing.

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  • Stack-based keyboard delay using Logitech MX3100 keyboard

    - by Mark S. Rasmussen
    I've been using a Logitech Cordless Desktop MX3100 keyboard for quite a while. I've never really had any problems, except for the occasional typo. I noticed however that I tended make the typo "Laod" instead of "Load", quite a bit more often than any other typos. As it started to get on my nerves, I decided to do some testing. What I found out was than when I write lowercase "load", I'd never make the typo. All uppercase, or just uppercase L, I'd make the typo quite often. My actual (very scientific) testing is probably best described by showing the output: moatmoatmoat MoatMoatMoat loatloatloat LaotLaotLaot loafloafloaf LaofLaofLaof hoathoathoat HoatHoatHoat hoadhoadhoad HoadHoadHoad lortlortlort LrotLrotLrot What i found out was that whenever shift was depressed, typing an uppercase "L" would induce a significant lag if the next character was an "o", compared to the lag of the any other key: High "o" lag: LoLoLoLoLoLo No "a" lag: LaLaLaLaLaLa No lag for neither "o" nor "a": lolololololo lalalalalala By realizing this I regained a slight bit of sanity as I knew I wasn't coming down with a case of Parkinsons. I was actually typing correctly, the lag just interpreted it wrongly. Now, what really bugs me is that I can't fathom how this is occurring. What I'm actually typing, in physical order, is this: L - o - a - d, and yet, the "a" is output before the "o", even though "o" was pressed before "a". So while the keyboard is processing the "Lo" combo, the "a" gets prioritized and is inserted before the "o" is done processing, resulting in Laod instead of Load. And this only happens when typing "Lo", not when typing lowercase "lo". This problem could stem from the keyboard hardware, the receiver hardware or the keyboard software driver. No matter the fault location however, I can't imagine how this could be implemented as anything but a FIFO queue. A general delay, sure, I could live with that, albeit I'd be irritated. But a lag affecting different keys differently, and even resulting in unpredictable outcome - that just doesn't make any sense. I've solved the problem by just switching to a wired keyboard. I just can't shake it off me though; what kind of bug/error/scenario would result in a case like this? Edit: It's been suggested that I stop drinking Red Bull and stick to water instead. While that may actually help solve the issue, I'm really not looking for a solution as such. I'm more interested in an explanation of how this could happen, as I can't imagine any viable technical solution that could result in this behavior.

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