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  • how to set Content-Type automatically when i download the data that i uploaded.

    - by zjm1126
    this is my code : import os from google.appengine.ext import webapp from google.appengine.ext.webapp import template from google.appengine.ext.webapp.util import run_wsgi_app from google.appengine.ext import db #from login import htmlPrefix,get_current_user class MyModel(db.Model): blob = db.BlobProperty() class BaseRequestHandler(webapp.RequestHandler): def render_template(self, filename, template_args=None): if not template_args: template_args = {} path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'templates', filename) self.response.out.write(template.render(path, template_args)) class upload(BaseRequestHandler): def get(self): self.render_template('index.html',) def post(self): file=self.request.get('file') obj = MyModel() obj.blob = db.Blob(file.encode('utf8')) obj.put() self.response.out.write('upload ok') class download(BaseRequestHandler): def get(self): #id=self.request.get('id') o = MyModel.all().get() #self.response.out.write(''.join('%s: %s <br/>' % (a, getattr(o, a)) for a in dir(o))) self.response.out.write(o) application = webapp.WSGIApplication( [ ('/?', upload), ('/download',download), ], debug=True ) def main(): run_wsgi_app(application) if __name__ == "__main__": main() my index.html is : <form action="/" method="post"> <input type="file" name="file" /> <input type="submit" /> </form> and it show : <__main__.MyModel object at 0x02506830> but ,i don't want to see this , i want to download it , how to change my code to run, thanks updated it is ok now : class upload(BaseRequestHandler): def get(self): self.render_template('index.html',) def post(self): file=self.request.get('file') obj = MyModel() obj.blob = db.Blob(file) obj.put() self.response.out.write('upload ok') class download(BaseRequestHandler): def get(self): #id=self.request.get('id') o = MyModel.all().order('-').get() #self.response.out.write(''.join('%s: %s <br/>' % (a, getattr(o, a)) for a in dir(o))) self.response.headers['Content-Type'] = "image/png" self.response.out.write(o.blob) and new question is : if you upload a 'png' file ,it will show successful , but ,when i upload a rar file ,i will run error , so how to set Content-Type automatically , and what is the Content-Type of the 'rar' file thanks

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  • axis-java2wsdl task classpath setting problem

    - by qkrsppopcmpt
    Hey Guys, here is my build.xml <?xml version="1.0" standalone="yes"?> <path id='axis2.classpath'> <fileset dir='D:\Tools\axis2-1.5.1-bin\axis2-1.5.1\lib'> <include name='**/*.jar' /> </fileset> </path> <path id='compiled.class.path'> <fileset dir='./bin/pkg'> <include name='*.class' /> </fileset> </path> <taskdef resource="axis-tasks.properties" classpathref="axis2.classpath" /> <target name="run" > <axis-java2wsdl output="out/TestService.wsdl" location="http://localhost:8080/axis2/service/TestService" namespace="service" classname="TestService"> <classpath refid="compiled.class.path"/> <mapping namespace="TestService" package="pkg"/> </axis-java2wsdl> </target> here is my file structure: prj-bin-pkg-TestService.class/////////// prj-src-pkg-TestService.java/////////// prj-build.xml I get java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: TestService. Can anybody tell me how to fix it? Thanks so much. !!!!!!!!!!!!!

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  • problem with joomla, php and json

    - by sebastian
    hi, i have a problem with a joomla component. i'm, unsing php and json for some dynamic drop down boxes. here is the code:` jQuery( function () { //jQuery.ajaxSetup({error : function (a,b) {console.dir(a); console.dir(b);}}); jQuery("#util, #loc").change( function() { var locatie = jQuery("#loc").val(); var utilitate = jQuery("#util").val(); if ( (locatie!= '---') && (utilitate!='---') ) jQuery.getJSON( "index.php?option=com_calculator&opt=json_contor&format=raw", { locatie: locatie, utilitate: utilitate }, function (data) { var html = ""; if ( data.success == 'ok' ) for (var i in data.val) html += "<option name=den_contor value ='"+ i+"' >" + data.val[i]+ " </option>"; jQuery("#den_contor").html( html ) } ) }) }); the query works, but only on one PC. we have exactly the same xampp server, exactly the same files. on one pc it works, and on a online server and on my pc it doesn't. EDIT: i have three drop down boxes, the first is populated directly from the database, the second has 4 predefined values. and the third is populated depending on combination of the first two. i have a test site online. http://contor.redxart.com must be logged in to use Calculator in the menu. you can make an new account :) "Adaugare Index" is the part that isn't working any ideas? thanks, sebastian

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  • Copy only files that are newer

    - by ErocM
    I am currently using this code: if (!Directory.Exists(command2)) Directory.CreateDirectory(command2); if (Directory.Exists(vmdaydir)) Directory.Delete(vmdaydir,true); if (!Directory.Exists(vmdaydir)) Directory.CreateDirectory(vmdaydir); var dir = Path.GetDirectoryName(args[0]); sb.AppendLine("Backing Up VM: " + DateTime.Now.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)); Microsoft.VisualBasic.FileIO.FileSystem.CopyDirectory(dir, vmdaydir); sb.AppendLine("VM Backed Up: " + DateTime.Now.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)); As you can see, I am deleting the directory, then I am copying the folder back. This is taking way to long since the directory is ~80gb in size. I realized that I do not need to copy all the files, only the ones that have changed. How would I copy the files from one folder to another but only copying the files that are newer? Anyone have any suggestions? ==== edit ==== I assume I can just do a file compare of each file and then copy it to the new directory, iterating through each folder/file? Is there a simpler way to do this?

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  • ISO C90 forbids mixed declarations and code sscanf

    - by Need4Sleep
    I'm getting a strange error attempting to compile my unit test code,. For some reason the compiler treats my sscanf call as a mixed declaration? I don't quite understand, here is the entire error: cc1: warnings being treated as errors /home/brlcad/brlcad/src/libbn/tests/bn_complex.c: In function 'main': /home/brlcad/brlcad/src/libbn/tests/bn_complex.c:53: error: ISO C90 forbids mixed declarations and code make[2]: *** [src/libbn/tests/CMakeFiles/tester_bn_complex.dir/bn_complex.c.o] Error 1 make[1]: *** [src/libbn/tests/CMakeFiles/tester_bn_complex.dir/all] Error 2 make: *** [all] Error 2 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { double expRe1, expIm2, expSqRe1, expSqIm2; double actRe1, actIm2, actSqRe1, actSqIm2; actRe1 = actIm2 = actSqRe1 = actSqIm2 = expRe1 = expIm2 = expSqRe1 = expSqIm2 = 0.0; bn_complex_t com1,com2; //a struct that holds two doubles if(argc < 5) bu_exit(1, "ERROR: Invalid parameters[%s]\n", argv[0]); sscanf(argv[1], "%lf,%lf", &com1.re, &com1.im); /* Error is HERE */ sscanf(argv[2], "%lf,%lf", &com2.re, &com2.im); sscanf(argv[3], "%lf,%lf", &expRe1, &expIm2); sscanf(argv[4], "%lf,%lf", &expSqRe1, &expSqIm2); test_div(com1, com2, &actRe1, &actIm2); test_sqrt(com1,com2, &actSqRe1, &actSqIm2); if((fabs(actRe1 - expRe1) < 0.00001) || (fabs(actIm2 - expIm2) < 0.00001)){ printf("Division failed...\n"); return 1; } if((fabs(actSqRe1 - expSqRe1) < 0.00001) || (fabs(actSqIm2 - expSqIm2) < 0.00001)){ printf("Square roots failed...\n"); return 1; } return 0; }

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  • Python: problem with tiny script to delete files

    - by Rosarch
    I have a project that used to be under SVN, but now I'm moving it to Mercurial, so I want to clear out all the .svn files. It's a little too big to do it by hand, so I decided to write a python script to do it. But it isn't working. def cleandir(dir_path): print "Cleaning %s\n" % dir_path toDelete = [] files = os.listdir(dir_path) for filedir in files: print "considering %s" % filedir # continue if filedir == '.' or filedir == '..': print "skipping %s" % filedir continue path = dir_path + os.sep + filedir if os.path.isdir(path): cleandir(path) else: print "not dir: %s" % path if 'svn' in filedir: toDelete.append(path) print "Files to be deleted:" for candidate in toDelete: print candidate print "Delete all? [y|n]" choice = raw_input() if choice == 'y': for filedir in toDelete: if os.path.isdir(filedir): os.rmdir(filedir) else: os.unlink(filedir) exit() if __name__ == "__main__": cleandir(dir) The print statements show that it's only "considering" the filedirs whose names start with ".". However, if I uncomment the continue statement, all the filedirs are "considered". Why is this? Or is there some other utility that already exists to recursively de-SVN-ify a directory tree?

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  • read files from directory and filter files from Java

    - by Adnan
    The following codes goes through all directories and sub-directories and outputs just .java files; import java.io.File; public class DirectoryReader { private static String extension = "none"; private static String fileName; public static void main(String[] args ){ String dir = "C:/tmp"; File aFile = new File(dir); ReadDirectory(aFile); } private static void ReadDirectory(File aFile) { File[] listOfFiles = aFile.listFiles(); if (aFile.isDirectory()) { listOfFiles = aFile.listFiles(); if(listOfFiles!=null) { for(int i=0; i < listOfFiles.length; i++ ) { if (listOfFiles[i].isFile()) { fileName = listOfFiles[i].toString(); int dotPos = fileName.lastIndexOf("."); if (dotPos > 0) { extension = fileName.substring(dotPos); } if (extension.equals(".java")) { System.out.println("FILE:" + listOfFiles[i] ); } } if(listOfFiles[i].isDirectory()) { ReadDirectory(listOfFiles[i]); } } } } } } Is this efficient? What could be done to increase the speed? All ideas are welcome.

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  • How can I modify the value of a string defined in a struct?

    - by Eric
    Hi, I have the following code in c++: #define TAM 4000 #define NUMPAGS 512 struct pagina { bitset<12> direccion; char operacion; char permiso; string *dato; int numero; }; void crearPagina(pagina* pag[], int pos, int dir) { pagina * paginas = (pagina*)malloc(sizeof(char) * TAM); paginas -> direccion = bitset<12> (dir); paginas -> operacion = 'n'; paginas -> permiso = 'n'; string **tempDato = &paginas -> dato; char *temp = " "; **tempDato = temp; paginas -> numero = 0; pag[pos] = paginas; } I want to modify the value of the variable called "string *dato" in the struct pagina but, everytime I want to assing a new value, the compiler throws a segmentation fault. In this case I'm using a pointer to string, but I have also tried with a string. In a few words I want to do the following: pagina - dato = "test"; Any idea? Thanks in advance!!!

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  • Add file in ANT build (Tomcat server)

    - by Shaded
    Hey everyone, I have an ANT build that I need to setup so on deployment of the .war a certain file will be placed in a specific location. Currently my ant builds the war as follows... <target name="war" depends="jar"> <war destfile="${deploy}/file.war" webxml="${web-inf}/web.xml"> <fileset dir="${WebRoot}"> <include name="**/*.vm" /> <include name="**/*.js" /> <include name="**/*.jsp" /> <include name="**/*.html" /> <include name="**/*.css" /> <include name="**/*.gif" /> <include name="**/*.jpg" /> <include name="**/*.png" /> <include name="**/*.tld" /> <include name="**/applicationContext*.xml" /> <include name="**/jpivot/**" /> <include name="**/wcf/**" /> <include name="**/platform/**" /> <include name="**/Reports/**" /> </fileset> <lib dir="${web-inf.lib}" /> </war> </target> The file I need is called Scriptlet.class and it needs to be in WebRoot/WEB-INF/classes/ I've tried several things to get this to work and have yet to find one that works... if anyone can point me in the right direction I'd appreciate it!

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  • Changes in Access DB are not saved since updating to Windows 7

    - by ytoledano
    Hi I'm working with a program that accesses an MS-Access DB. The problem is that if I open the db file with Access, the values I see aren't the values I see when I'm using the program. For example, There is a table PARAMS with various program variables, one of them is the date I last loaded a certain file. In access it reads April 12th 2010, while in the program it reads May 7th 2010 (this is correct). April 12th is about the time I upgraded the computer to Windows 7. Also, the mdb file sits next to the program executable in C:\Program Files (x86); and I know that Win7 doesn't allow programs to write to the program files dir. So where are the changes saved? What I've tried: I've tried opening the mdb file on another computer - still reads the wrong (old) values I've tried copying the entire program dir to a different folder - now both the program and ms-access read the wrong values. Can someone tell me how to get a version of the DB with all the values up to date with the program? Thanks.

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  • How To Include Transitive Dependencies

    - by Brad Rhoads
    I have 2 gradle projects: an Android app and a RoboSpock test. My build.gradle for the Android app has . . . dependencies { compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: '*.jar') compile ('com.actionbarsherlock:actionbarsherlock:4.4.0@aar') { exclude module: 'support-v4' } } . . . and builds correctly by itself, e.g assembleRelease works. I'm stuck getting the test to work. I gets lots of errors such as: package com.google.zxing does not exist Those seem to indicate that the .jar files aren't being picked up. Here's my build.gradle for the test project: buildscript { repositories { mavenLocal() mavenCentral() } dependencies { classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:0.9.+' classpath 'org.robospock:robospock-plugin:0.4.0' } } repositories { mavenLocal() mavenCentral() } apply plugin: 'groovy' dependencies { compile "org.codehaus.groovy:groovy-all:1.8.6" compile 'org.robospock:robospock:0.4.4' } dependencies { compile fileTree(dir: ':android:libs', include: '*.jar') compile (project(':estanteApp')) { transitive = true } } sourceSets.test.java.srcDirs = ['../android/src/', '../android/build/source/r/debug'] test { testLogging { lifecycle { exceptionFormat "full" } } } project.ext { robospock = ":estanteApp" // project to test } apply plugin: 'robospock' As that shows, I've tried adding transitive = true and including the .jar files explicitly. But no matter what I try, I end up with the package does not exist error.

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  • How do I copy files into an existing JAR file with Ant?

    - by Blue
    I have a project that needs to access resources within its own JAR file. When I create the JAR file for the project, I would like to copy a directory into that JAR file (I guess the ZIP equivalent would be "adding" the directory to the existing ZIP file). I only want the copy to happen after the JAR has been created (and I obviously don't want the copy to happen if I clean and delete the JAR file). Currently the build file looks like this: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project name="foobar" basedir=".." default="jar"> <!-- project-specific properties --> <property name="project.path" value="my/project/dir/foobar" /> <patternset id="project.include"> <include name="${project.path}/**" /> </patternset> <patternset id="project.jar.include"> <include name="${project.path}/**" /> </patternset> <import file="common-tasks.xml" /> <property name="jar.file" location="${test.dir}/foobar.jar" /> <property name="manifest.file" location="misc/foobar.manifest" /> </project> Some of the build tasks are called from another file (common-tasks.xml), which I can't display here. Thanks.

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  • Ant Junit tests are running much slower via ant than via IDE - what to look at?

    - by Alex B
    I am running my junit tests via ant and they are running substantially slower than via the IDE. My ant call is: <junit fork="yes" forkmode="once" printsummary="off"> <classpath refid="test.classpath"/> <formatter type="brief" usefile="false"/> <batchtest todir="${test.results.dir}/xml"> <formatter type="xml"/> <fileset dir="src" includes="**/*Test.java" /> </batchtest> </junit> The same test that runs in near instantaneously in my IDE (0.067s) takes 4.632s when run through Ant. In the past, I've been able to speed up test problems like this by using the junit fork parameter but this doesn't seem to be helping in this case. What properties or parameters can I look at to speed up these tests? More info: I am using the reported time from the IDE vs. the time that the junit task outputs. This is not the sum total time reported at the end of the ant run. So, bizarrely, this problem has resolved itself. What could have caused this problem? The system runs on a local disk so that is not the problem.

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  • MSBuild - How to build a .NET solution file (in an XML task script) from pre-written command line commands

    - by Devtron
    Hello. I have been studying MSBuild as I have the need to automate my development shop's builds. I was able to easily write a .BAT file that invokes the VS command prompt and passes my MSBuild commands to it. This works rather well and is kinda nifty. Here is the contents of my .BAT build file: call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0\VC\bin\amd64\vcvars64.bat" cd C:\Sandbox\Solution msbuild MyTopSecretApplication.sln /p:OutputPath=c:\TESTMSBUILDOUTPUT /p:Configuration=Release,Platform=x86 pause ^ This works well but I now have the need to use the MSBuild task for TeamCity CI. I have tried to write a few MSBuild scripts but I cannot get them to work the same. What is the equivalent build script to the command I am using in my .BAT file? Any ideas? I have tried using something like this, but no success (I know this is wrong): <?xml version="1.0"?> <project name="Hello Build World" default="run" basedir="."> <target name="build"> <mkdir dir="mybin" /> <echo>Made mybin directory!</echo> <csc target="exe" output="c:\TESTMSBUILDOUTPUT"> <sources> <include name="MyTopSecretApplication.sln"/> </sources> </csc> <echo>MyTopSecretApplication.exe was built!</echo> </target> <target name="clean"> <delete dir="mybin" failonerror="false"/> </target> <target name="run" depends="build"> <exec program="mybin\MyTopSecretApplication.exe"/> </target> What I simply need is an MSBuild XML build script that compiles a single solution for Release mode to a specified output directory. Any help?

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  • is_dir does not recognize folders

    - by Rakoon
    Hi I am trying to make a function that scans a folder for subfolders and then returns a numeric array with the names of those folders. This is the code i use for testing. Once i get it to print out the folder names and not just "." and ".." for present and above folder all will be well, and I can finish the function. <?php function super_l_getthemes($dir="themes") { if ($handle = opendir($dir)) { echo "Handle: {$handle}\n"; echo "Files:\n"; while (false !== ($file = readdir($handle))) { echo "{$file}<br>"; } closedir($handle); } ?> The above code works fine, and prints out all the contents of the folder: files, subfolders and the "." and ".." but if i replace: while (false !== ($file = readdir($handle))) { echo "{$file}<br>"; } with: while (false !== ($file = readdir($handle))) { if(file_exists($file) && is_dir($file)){echo "{$file}";} } The function only prints "." and ".." , not the two folder names that I'd like it to print. Any help is appreciated.

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  • image list, listview,picturebox

    - by user548694
    I wanted to show my pics in picturebox. but also wanted to show a preview of pics. When user select a pic, it is shown in picbox but i have problem in resoulution. Here is my code private void openToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { ofd = new OpenFileDialog(); ofd.Title = "Open an Image File"; ofd.FileName = ""; ofd.Filter = "Image Files(*.jpg; *.jpeg; *.gif; *.bmp)|*.jpg; *.jpeg; *.gif; *.bmp"; if (ofd.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK) { DirectoryInfo dir = new DirectoryInfo(@"c:\pic"); foreach (FileInfo file in dir.GetFiles()) { this.imageList1.Images.Add(Image.FromFile(file.FullName)); } this.listView1.View = View.LargeIcon; this.imageList1.ImageSize = new Size(40, 40); this.listView1.LargeImageList = this.imageList1; for (int j=0; j < this.imageList1.Images.Count; j++) { ListViewItem item = new ListViewItem(); item.ImageIndex = j; listView1.Items.Add(item); ListViewItem item2 = new ListViewItem(); item2.SubItems.Add(j.ToString()); } private void listView1_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { int i = this.listView1.FocusedItem.Index; this.PicBox1.Image = this.imageList1.Images[i]; } On click i see only image of resolution of (40,40) becuse i have set it this.imageList1.ImageSize = new Size(40, 40); and not orignal size. How can I have it. 2- I want to write also image names and index(image no) under each images. Its it possible. reagrsd,

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  • Bash script to find a directory, list it's contents and sub-folders info

    - by lithiumion
    Hi I want to write a script that will: 1- locate folder "store" on a *nix filesystem 2- move into that folder 3- print list of contents with last modification date 4- calculate sub-folders size This folder's absolute path changes from server to server, but the folder name remains the same always. There is a config file that contains the correct path to that folder though, but it doesn't give absolute bath to it. Sample Config: Account ON DIR-Store /hdd1 Scheduled YES ?According to the config file the absolute path would be "/hdd1/backup/store/" I need the script to grep the "/hdd1" or anything beyond the word "Config-Store", add "/backup/store/" to it, move into folder "store", print list of it's contents, and calculate sub-folders size. Until now I manually edit the script on each server to reflect the path to the "store" folder. Here is a sample script: #!/bin/bash echo " " echo " " echo "Moving Into Directory" cd /hdd1/backup/store/ echo "Listing Directory Content" echo " " ls -alh echo "*******************************" sleep 2 echo " " echo "Calculating Backup Size" echo " " du -sh store/* echo "********** Done! **********" I know I could use grep cat /etc/store.conf | grep DIR-Store Just don't know how to get around selecting the path, adding the "/backup/store/" and moving ahead. Any help will be appreciated

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  • EXE stops working if containing folder is renamed. MSVCP90.dll

    - by John
    This popup comes up as soon as the app is started: The program can't start because MSVCP90.dll is missing from your computer. Before anyone says "install the VC++ runtimes", wait! If I rename the folder containing my .EXE then the app runs. If I rename it back, it breaks. The app has been running for weeks without any changes to my system/VS installation (2008 SP1), we suddenly spotted this error a few days ago. Lost as to why the name of the dir is causing issues... again this has not changed in months and all our resource paths are relative anyway, e.g "../someOtherDir/...." It doesn't just do this on my PC, we have the /bin dir (the one containing EXE) in SVN and suddenly everyone started seeing the same issue, even though the binaries themselves seem just fine. Is it possible some additional data got put into SVN and that's the cause? Since it's not just one PC, there must be something either in SVN or the EXE itself... Note this popup comes before our code even gets to run.

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  • Setting PHP session variables using Flash Actionscript

    - by Abs
    Hello all, I have a simple PHP upload script that is called from my Flash App. I am sure it makes the call because it actually uploads the file! session_start(); $default_path = 'files/'; $target_path = ($_POST['dir']) ? $_POST['dir'] : $default_path; if(!file_exists($target_path)) mkdir($target_path, 0777, true); $destination = $target_path . basename( $_FILES[ 'Filedata' ][ 'name' ] ); $file_name = rand(1,9999).$_FILES[ 'Filedata' ][ 'name' ]; if(move_uploaded_file($_FILES[ 'Filedata' ][ 'tmp_name' ], $destination)){ $_SESSION['path'] = 'flashuploader_online/upload/'.$destination; } However, I try to use the session variable "path" in another script but it gives me an empty value! Yes, I have made sure to use session_start. Am I missing something? Update At least now I know what the problem is! But I am not sure how to solve it without it getting messy to pass across session variables. Any ideas?

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  • how to get tables of an access db into a list box using c#?

    - by fathatsme
    hi evry1! i needed to create a form in which i hav to browse and open mdb files --- i did this part usin oprnfile dialogue! private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { OpenFileDialog oDlg = new OpenFileDialog(); oDlg.Title = "Select MDB"; oDlg.Filter = "MDB (*.Mdb)|*.mdb"; oDlg.RestoreDirectory = true; string dir = Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.Desktop); oDlg.InitialDirectory = dir; DialogResult result = oDlg.ShowDialog(); if (result == DialogResult.OK) { textBox1.Text = oDlg.FileName.ToString(); } } **this is my code so far!!! now i need to make 3 list boxes!! 1st one to display the table names of the db! 2nd to to display field names when clicked on table name!!! 3rd to display attributes on fiels on clickin on it! v can edit the attribute values and on clickin of save button it should update the database!!! pls help** i'm new to C# so if u could pls help specifically on d doubt i asked it wud b really helpful to me

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  • EDIT: I need to generate a string of 7 chars that is based on the id of the row.

    - by Totty
    EDIT: I need to generate a string of 7 chars that is based on the id of the row. So knowing the id of the image and a secret key, i should get the generated string. the string must contain chars from "a" to "z" and numbers from 0 to 9. I have a dir that contains photos like this dir/p3/i2/s21/thumb.jpg the generated string is p3i2s21, then is used to calculate the path of the image. EDIT: currently im using the id of the image: id = 55 then i modify and i get path = 000000055 then path = "000/000/055" then path = "000/000/055/thumb.jpg" ready to use! now i want something more clever because is easy to track down all the images from a server, because ids are sequencial: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6... so i must think of creating from 55 a string that is 7 char length and will not overlap with other numbers. I can even transform the 55 to 0000055 and from this convert to a 7 char length string using a secret string. then when i got the secret string and the id i want to get back that 7 char length string. Is this possible? i was thinking about hases but they only uses 0-9 and a-e and are more chars.. :s

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  • WPF unity Activation error occured while trying to get instance of type

    - by Traci
    I am getting the following error when trying to Initialise the Module using Unity and Prism. The DLL is found by return new DirectoryModuleCatalog() { ModulePath = @".\Modules" }; The dll is found and the Name is Found #region Constructors public AdminModule( IUnityContainer container, IScreenFactoryRegistry screenFactoryRegistry, IEventAggregator eventAggregator, IBusyService busyService ) : base(container, screenFactoryRegistry) { this.EventAggregator = eventAggregator; this.BusyService = busyService; } #endregion #region Properties protected IEventAggregator EventAggregator { get; set; } protected IBusyService BusyService { get; set; } #endregion public override void Initialize() { base.Initialize(); } #region Register Screen Factories protected override void RegisterScreenFactories() { this.ScreenFactoryRegistry.Register(ScreenKeyType.ApplicationAdmin, typeof(AdminScreenFactory)); } #endregion #region Register Views and Various Services protected override void RegisterViewsAndServices() { //View Models this.Container.RegisterType<IAdminViewModel, AdminViewModel>(); } #endregion the code that produces the error is: namespace Microsoft.Practices.Composite.Modularity protected virtual IModule CreateModule(string typeName) { Type moduleType = Type.GetType(typeName); if (moduleType == null) { throw new ModuleInitializeException(string.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, Properties.Resources.FailedToGetType, typeName)); } return (IModule)this.serviceLocator.GetInstance(moduleType); <-- Error Here } Can Anyone Help Me Error Log Below: General Information Additional Info: ExceptionManager.MachineName: xxxxx ExceptionManager.TimeStamp: 22/02/2010 10:16:55 AM ExceptionManager.FullName: Microsoft.ApplicationBlocks.ExceptionManagement, Version=1.0.3591.32238, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null ExceptionManager.AppDomainName: Infinity.vshost.exe ExceptionManager.ThreadIdentity: ExceptionManager.WindowsIdentity: xxxxx 1) Exception Information Exception Type: Microsoft.Practices.Composite.Modularity.ModuleInitializeException ModuleName: AdminModule Message: An exception occurred while initializing module 'AdminModule'. - The exception message was: Activation error occured while trying to get instance of type AdminModule, key "" Check the InnerException property of the exception for more information. If the exception occurred while creating an object in a DI container, you can exception.GetRootException() to help locate the root cause of the problem. Data: System.Collections.ListDictionaryInternal TargetSite: Void HandleModuleInitializationError(Microsoft.Practices.Composite.Modularity.ModuleInfo, System.String, System.Exception) HelpLink: NULL Source: Microsoft.Practices.Composite StackTrace Information at Microsoft.Practices.Composite.Modularity.ModuleInitializer.HandleModuleInitializationError(ModuleInfo moduleInfo, String assemblyName, Exception exception) at Microsoft.Practices.Composite.Modularity.ModuleInitializer.Initialize(ModuleInfo moduleInfo) at Microsoft.Practices.Composite.Modularity.ModuleManager.InitializeModule(ModuleInfo moduleInfo) at Microsoft.Practices.Composite.Modularity.ModuleManager.LoadModulesThatAreReadyForLoad() at Microsoft.Practices.Composite.Modularity.ModuleManager.OnModuleTypeLoaded(ModuleInfo typeLoadedModuleInfo, Exception error) at Microsoft.Practices.Composite.Modularity.FileModuleTypeLoader.BeginLoadModuleType(ModuleInfo moduleInfo, ModuleTypeLoadedCallback callback) at Microsoft.Practices.Composite.Modularity.ModuleManager.BeginRetrievingModule(ModuleInfo moduleInfo) at Microsoft.Practices.Composite.Modularity.ModuleManager.LoadModuleTypes(IEnumerable`1 moduleInfos) at Microsoft.Practices.Composite.Modularity.ModuleManager.LoadModulesWhenAvailable() at Microsoft.Practices.Composite.Modularity.ModuleManager.Run() at Microsoft.Practices.Composite.UnityExtensions.UnityBootstrapper.InitializeModules() at Infinity.Bootstrapper.InitializeModules() in D:\Projects\dotNet\Infinity\source\Inifinty\Infinity\Application Modules\BootStrapper.cs:line 75 at Microsoft.Practices.Composite.UnityExtensions.UnityBootstrapper.Run(Boolean runWithDefaultConfiguration) at Microsoft.Practices.Composite.UnityExtensions.UnityBootstrapper.Run() at Infinity.App.Application_Startup(Object sender, StartupEventArgs e) in D:\Projects\dotNet\Infinity\source\Inifinty\Infinity\App.xaml.cs:line 37 at System.Windows.Application.OnStartup(StartupEventArgs e) at System.Windows.Application.<.ctorb__0(Object unused) at System.Windows.Threading.ExceptionWrapper.InternalRealCall(Delegate callback, Object args, Boolean isSingleParameter) at System.Windows.Threading.ExceptionWrapper.TryCatchWhen(Object source, Delegate callback, Object args, Boolean isSingleParameter, Delegate catchHandler) 2) Exception Information Exception Type: Microsoft.Practices.ServiceLocation.ActivationException Message: Activation error occured while trying to get instance of type AdminModule, key "" Data: System.Collections.ListDictionaryInternal TargetSite: System.Object GetInstance(System.Type, System.String) HelpLink: NULL Source: Microsoft.Practices.ServiceLocation StackTrace Information at Microsoft.Practices.ServiceLocation.ServiceLocatorImplBase.GetInstance(Type serviceType, String key) at Microsoft.Practices.ServiceLocation.ServiceLocatorImplBase.GetInstance(Type serviceType) at Microsoft.Practices.Composite.Modularity.ModuleInitializer.CreateModule(String typeName) at Microsoft.Practices.Composite.Modularity.ModuleInitializer.Initialize(ModuleInfo moduleInfo) 3) Exception Information Exception Type: Microsoft.Practices.Unity.ResolutionFailedException TypeRequested: AdminModule NameRequested: NULL Message: Resolution of the dependency failed, type = "Infinity.Modules.Admin.AdminModule", name = "". Exception message is: The current build operation (build key Build Key[Infinity.Modules.Admin.AdminModule, null]) failed: The parameter screenFactoryRegistry could not be resolved when attempting to call constructor Infinity.Modules.Admin.AdminModule(Microsoft.Practices.Unity.IUnityContainer container, PhoenixIT.IScreenFactoryRegistry screenFactoryRegistry, Microsoft.Practices.Composite.Events.IEventAggregator eventAggregator, PhoenixIT.IBusyService busyService). (Strategy type BuildPlanStrategy, index 3) Data: System.Collections.ListDictionaryInternal TargetSite: System.Object DoBuildUp(System.Type, System.Object, System.String) HelpLink: NULL Source: Microsoft.Practices.Unity StackTrace Information at Microsoft.Practices.Unity.UnityContainer.DoBuildUp(Type t, Object existing, String name) at Microsoft.Practices.Unity.UnityContainer.DoBuildUp(Type t, String name) at Microsoft.Practices.Unity.UnityContainer.Resolve(Type t, String name) at Microsoft.Practices.Composite.UnityExtensions.UnityServiceLocatorAdapter.DoGetInstance(Type serviceType, String key) at Microsoft.Practices.ServiceLocation.ServiceLocatorImplBase.GetInstance(Type serviceType, String key) 4) Exception Information Exception Type: Microsoft.Practices.ObjectBuilder2.BuildFailedException ExecutingStrategyTypeName: BuildPlanStrategy ExecutingStrategyIndex: 3 BuildKey: Build Key[Infinity.Modules.Admin.AdminModule, null] Message: The current build operation (build key Build Key[Infinity.Modules.Admin.AdminModule, null]) failed: The parameter screenFactoryRegistry could not be resolved when attempting to call constructor Infinity.Modules.Admin.AdminModule(Microsoft.Practices.Unity.IUnityContainer container, PhoenixIT.IScreenFactoryRegistry screenFactoryRegistry, Microsoft.Practices.Composite.Events.IEventAggregator eventAggregator, PhoenixIT.IBusyService busyService). (Strategy type BuildPlanStrategy, index 3) Data: System.Collections.ListDictionaryInternal TargetSite: System.Object ExecuteBuildUp(Microsoft.Practices.ObjectBuilder2.IBuilderContext) HelpLink: NULL Source: Microsoft.Practices.ObjectBuilder2 StackTrace Information at Microsoft.Practices.ObjectBuilder2.StrategyChain.ExecuteBuildUp(IBuilderContext context) at Microsoft.Practices.ObjectBuilder2.Builder.BuildUp(IReadWriteLocator locator, ILifetimeContainer lifetime, IPolicyList policies, IStrategyChain strategies, Object buildKey, Object existing) at Microsoft.Practices.Unity.UnityContainer.DoBuildUp(Type t, Object existing, String name) 5) Exception Information Exception Type: System.InvalidOperationException Message: The parameter screenFactoryRegistry could not be resolved when attempting to call constructor Infinity.Modules.Admin.AdminModule(Microsoft.Practices.Unity.IUnityContainer container, PhoenixIT.IScreenFactoryRegistry screenFactoryRegistry, Microsoft.Practices.Composite.Events.IEventAggregator eventAggregator, PhoenixIT.IBusyService busyService). Data: System.Collections.ListDictionaryInternal TargetSite: Void ThrowForResolutionFailed(System.Exception, System.String, System.String, Microsoft.Practices.ObjectBuilder2.IBuilderContext) HelpLink: NULL Source: Microsoft.Practices.ObjectBuilder2 StackTrace Information at Microsoft.Practices.ObjectBuilder2.DynamicMethodConstructorStrategy.ThrowForResolutionFailed(Exception inner, String parameterName, String constructorSignature, IBuilderContext context) at BuildUp_Infinity.Modules.Admin.AdminModule(IBuilderContext ) at Microsoft.Practices.ObjectBuilder2.DynamicMethodBuildPlan.BuildUp(IBuilderContext context) at Microsoft.Practices.ObjectBuilder2.BuildPlanStrategy.PreBuildUp(IBuilderContext context) at Microsoft.Practices.ObjectBuilder2.StrategyChain.ExecuteBuildUp(IBuilderContext context) 6) Exception Information Exception Type: Microsoft.Practices.ObjectBuilder2.BuildFailedException ExecutingStrategyTypeName: BuildPlanStrategy ExecutingStrategyIndex: 3 BuildKey: Build Key[PhoenixIT.IScreenFactoryRegistry, null] Message: The current build operation (build key Build Key[PhoenixIT.IScreenFactoryRegistry, null]) failed: The current type, PhoenixIT.IScreenFactoryRegistry, is an interface and cannot be constructed. Are you missing a type mapping? (Strategy type BuildPlanStrategy, index 3) Data: System.Collections.ListDictionaryInternal TargetSite: System.Object ExecuteBuildUp(Microsoft.Practices.ObjectBuilder2.IBuilderContext) HelpLink: NULL Source: Microsoft.Practices.ObjectBuilder2 StackTrace Information at Microsoft.Practices.ObjectBuilder2.StrategyChain.ExecuteBuildUp(IBuilderContext context) at Microsoft.Practices.Unity.ObjectBuilder.NamedTypeDependencyResolverPolicy.Resolve(IBuilderContext context) at BuildUp_Infinity.Modules.Admin.AdminModule(IBuilderContext ) 7) Exception Information Exception Type: System.InvalidOperationException Message: The current type, PhoenixIT.IScreenFactoryRegistry, is an interface and cannot be constructed. Are you missing a type mapping? Data: System.Collections.ListDictionaryInternal TargetSite: Void ThrowForAttemptingToConstructInterface(Microsoft.Practices.ObjectBuilder2.IBuilderContext) HelpLink: NULL Source: Microsoft.Practices.ObjectBuilder2 StackTrace Information at Microsoft.Practices.ObjectBuilder2.DynamicMethodConstructorStrategy.ThrowForAttemptingToConstructInterface(IBuilderContext context) at BuildUp_PhoenixIT.IScreenFactoryRegistry(IBuilderContext ) at Microsoft.Practices.ObjectBuilder2.DynamicMethodBuildPlan.BuildUp(IBuilderContext context) at Microsoft.Practices.ObjectBuilder2.BuildPlanStrategy.PreBuildUp(IBuilderContext context) at Microsoft.Practices.ObjectBuilder2.StrategyChain.ExecuteBuildUp(IBuilderContext context) For more information, see Help and Support Center at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/events.asp.

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  • Windows Vista/Win7 Privilege Problem: SeDebugPrivilege & OpenProcess

    - by KevenK
    Everything I've been able to find about escalating to the appropriate privileges for my needs has agreed with my current methods, but the problem exists. I'm hoping maybe someone has some Windows Vista/Win7 internals experience that might shine some light where there is only darkness. I'm sure this will get long, but please bare with me. Context: I'm working on an app that requires accessing the memory of other processes on the current machine. This, obviously, requires administrator rights. It also requires SeDebugPrivilege, which I believe myself to be acquiring correctly, although I question if more privileges aren't necessary and thus the cause of my problems. Code has so far worked successfully on all versions of Windows XP, and on my test Vista32 and Win7x64 environments. Process: Program will Always be run with Administrator Rights. This can be assumed throughout this post. Escalating the current process's Access Token to include SeDebugPrivilege rights. Using EnumProcesses to create a list of current PIDs on the system Opening a handle using OpenProcess with PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS access rights Using ReadProcessMemory to read the memory of the other process. Problem: Everything has been working fine during development and my personal testing (including Windows XP 32 & 64, Windows Vista 32, and Windows 7 x64). However, during a test deployment onto both Windows Vista(32-bit) and Windows 7(64-bit) machines of a colleague, there seems to be a privilege/rights problem with OpenProcess failing with a generic Access Denied error. This occurs both when running as a limited User (as would be expected) and also when run explicitly as Administrator (Right-click Run as Administrator and when run from an Administrator level command prompt). However, this problem has been unreproducible for myself in my test environment. I have witnessed the problem first hand, so I trust that the problem exists. The only difference that I can discern between the actual environment and my test environment is that the actual error is occurring when using a Domain Administrator account at the UAC prompt, whereas my tests (which work with no errors) use a local administrator account at the UAC prompt. It appears that although the credentials being used allow UAC to 'run as administrator', the process is still not obtaining the correct rights to be able to OpenProcess on another process. I am not familiar enough with the internals of Vista/Win7 to know what this might be, and I am hoping someone has an idea of what could be the cause. The Kicker: The person who has reported this error, and who's environment can regularly reproduce this bug, has a small application named along the lines of RunWithDebugEnabled which is a small bootstrap program which appears to escalate its own privileges and then launch the executable passed to it (thus inheriting the escalated privileges). When run with this program, using the same Domain Administrator credentials at UAC prompt, the program works correctly and is able to successfully call OpenProcess and operates as intended. So this is definitely a problem with acquiring the correct privileges, and it is known that the Domain Administrator account is an administrator account that should be able to access the correct rights. (Obviously obtaining this source code would be great, but I wouldn't be here if that were possible). Notes: As noted, the errors reported by the failed OpenProcess attempts are Access Denied. According to MSDN documentation of OpenProcess: If the caller has enabled the SeDebugPrivilege privilege, the requested access is granted regardless of the contents of the security descriptor. This leads me to believe that perhaps there is a problem under these conditions either with (1) Obtaining SeDebugPrivileges or (2) Requiring other privileges which have not been mentioned in any MSDN documentation, and which might differ between a Domain Administrator account and a Local Administrator account Sample Code: void sample() { ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Note: Enabling SeDebugPrivilege adapted from sample // MSDN @ http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa446619%28VS.85%29.aspx // Enable SeDebugPrivilege HANDLE hToken = NULL; TOKEN_PRIVILEGES tokenPriv; LUID luidDebug; if(OpenProcessToken(GetCurrentProcess(), TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES, &hToken) != FALSE) { if(LookupPrivilegeValue(NULL, SE_DEBUG_NAME, &luidDebug) != FALSE) { tokenPriv.PrivilegeCount = 1; tokenPriv.Privileges[0].Luid = luidDebug; tokenPriv.Privileges[0].Attributes = SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED; if(AdjustTokenPrivileges(hToken, FALSE, &tokenPriv, 0, NULL, NULL) != FALSE) { // Always successful, even in the cases which lead to OpenProcess failure cout << "SUCCESSFULLY CHANGED TOKEN PRIVILEGES" << endl; } else { cout << "FAILED TO CHANGE TOKEN PRIVILEGES, CODE: " << GetLastError() << endl; } } } CloseHandle(hToken); // Enable SeDebugPrivilege ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////// vector<DWORD> pidList = getPIDs(); // Method that simply enumerates all current process IDs ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Attempt to open processes for(int i = 0; i < pidList.size(); ++i) { HANDLE hProcess = NULL; hProcess = OpenProcess(PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS, FALSE, pidList[i]); if(hProcess == NULL) { // Error is occurring here under the given conditions cout << "Error opening process PID(" << pidList[i] << "): " << GetLastError() << endl; } CloseHandle(hProcess); } // Attempt to open processes ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////// } Thanks! If anyone has some insight into what possible permissions/privileges/rights/etc that I may be missing to correctly open another process (Assuming the executable has been properly "Run as Administrator"ed) on Windows Vista and Windows 7 under the above conditions, it would be most greatly appreciated. I wouldn't be here if I weren't absolutely stumped, but I'm hopeful that once again the experience and knowledge of the group shines bright. I thank you for taking the time to read this wall of text. The good intentions alone are appreciated, thanks for being the type of person that makes SO so useful to all!

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  • Routing Issue in ASP.NET MVC 3 RC 2

    - by imran_ku07
         Introduction:             Two weeks ago, ASP.NET MVC team shipped the ASP.NET MVC 3 RC 2 release. This release includes some new features and some performance optimization. This release also fixes most of the bugs but still some minor issues are present in this release. Some of these issues are already discussed by Scott Guthrie at Update on ASP.NET MVC 3 RC2 (and a workaround for a bug in it). In addition to these issues, I have found another issue in this release regarding routing. In this article, I will show you the issue regarding routing and a simple workaround for this issue.       Description:             The easiest way to understand an issue is to reproduce it in the application. So create a MVC 2 application and a MVC 3 RC 2 application. Then in both applications, just open global.asax file and update the default route as below,     routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}"); routes.MapRoute( "Default", // Route name "{controller}/{action}/{id1}/{id2}", // URL with parameters new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id1 = UrlParameter.Optional, id2 = UrlParameter.Optional } // Parameter defaults );              Then just open Index View and add the following lines,    <%@ Page Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Views/Shared/Site.Master" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage" %> <asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="TitleContent" runat="server"> Home Page </asp:Content> <asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="MainContent" runat="server"> <% Html.RenderAction("About"); %> </asp:Content>             The above view will issue a child request to About action method. Now run both applications. ASP.NET MVC 2 application will run just fine. But ASP.NET MVC 3 RC 2 application will throw an exception as shown below,                  You may think that this is a routing issue but this is not the case here as both ASP.NET MVC 2 and ASP.NET MVC  3 RC 2 applications(created above) are built with .NET Framework 4.0 and both will use the same routing defined in System.Web. Something is wrong in ASP.NET MVC 3 RC 2. So after digging into ASP.NET MVC source code, I have found that the UrlParameter class in ASP.NET MVC 3 RC 2 overrides the ToString method which simply return an empty string.     public sealed class UrlParameter { public static readonly UrlParameter Optional = new UrlParameter(); private UrlParameter() { } public override string ToString() { return string.Empty; } }             In MVC 2 the ToString method was not overridden. So to quickly fix the above problem just replace UrlParameter.Optional default value with a different value other than null or empty(for example, a single white space) or replace UrlParameter.Optional default value with a new class object containing the same code as UrlParameter class have except the ToString method is not overridden (or with a overridden ToString method that return a string value other than null or empty). But by doing this you will loose the benefit of ASP.NET MVC 2 Optional URL Parameters. There may be many different ways to fix the above problem and not loose the benefit of optional parameters. Here I will create a new class MyUrlParameter with the same code as UrlParameter class have except the ToString method is not overridden. Then I will create a base controller class which contains a constructor to remove all MyUrlParameter route data parameters, same like ASP.NET MVC doing with UrlParameter route data parameters early in the request.     public class BaseController : Controller { public BaseController() { if (System.Web.HttpContext.Current.CurrentHandler is MvcHandler) { RouteValueDictionary rvd = ((MvcHandler)System.Web.HttpContext.Current.CurrentHandler).RequestContext.RouteData.Values; string[] matchingKeys = (from entry in rvd where entry.Value == MyUrlParameter.Optional select entry.Key).ToArray(); foreach (string key in matchingKeys) { rvd.Remove(key); } } } } public class HomeController : BaseController { public ActionResult Index(string id1) { ViewBag.Message = "Welcome to ASP.NET MVC!"; return View(); } public ActionResult About() { return Content("Child Request Contents"); } }     public sealed class MyUrlParameter { public static readonly MyUrlParameter Optional = new MyUrlParameter(); private MyUrlParameter() { } }     routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}"); routes.MapRoute( "Default", // Route name "{controller}/{action}/{id1}/{id2}", // URL with parameters new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id1 = MyUrlParameter.Optional, id2 = MyUrlParameter.Optional } // Parameter defaults );             MyUrlParameter class is a copy of UrlParameter class except that MyUrlParameter class not overrides the ToString method. Note that the default route is modified to use MyUrlParameter.Optional instead of UrlParameter.Optional. Also note that BaseController class constructor is removing MyUrlParameter parameters from the current request route data so that the model binder will not bind these parameters with action method parameters. Now just run the ASP.NET MVC 3 RC 2 application again, you will find that it runs just fine.             In case if you are curious to know that why ASP.NET MVC 3 RC 2 application throws an exception if UrlParameter class contains a ToString method which returns an empty string, then you need to know something about a feature of routing for url generation. During url generation, routing will call the ParsedRoute.Bind method internally. This method includes a logic to match the route and build the url. During building the url, ParsedRoute.Bind method will call the ToString method of the route values(in our case this will call the UrlParameter.ToString method) and then append the returned value into url. This method includes a logic after appending the returned value into url that if two continuous returned values are empty then don't match the current route otherwise an incorrect url will be generated. Here is the snippet from ParsedRoute.Bind method which will prove this statement.       if ((builder2.Length > 0) && (builder2[builder2.Length - 1] == '/')) { return null; } builder2.Append("/"); ........................................................... ........................................................... ........................................................... ........................................................... if (RoutePartsEqual(obj3, obj4)) { builder2.Append(UrlEncode(Convert.ToString(obj3, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture))); continue; }             In the above example, both id1 and id2 parameters default values are set to UrlParameter object and UrlParameter class include a ToString method that returns an empty string. That's why this route will not matched.            Summary:             In this article I showed you the issue regarding routing and also showed you how to workaround this problem. I explained this issue with an example by creating a ASP.NET MVC 2 and a ASP.NET MVC 3 RC 2 application. Finally I also explained the reason for this issue. Hopefully you will enjoy this article too.   SyntaxHighlighter.all()

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  • Launching a WPF Window in a Separate Thread, Part 1

    - by Reed
    Typically, I strongly recommend keeping the user interface within an application’s main thread, and using multiple threads to move the actual “work” into background threads.  However, there are rare times when creating a separate, dedicated thread for a Window can be beneficial.  This is even acknowledged in the MSDN samples, such as the Multiple Windows, Multiple Threads sample.  However, doing this correctly is difficult.  Even the referenced MSDN sample has major flaws, and will fail horribly in certain scenarios.  To ease this, I wrote a small class that alleviates some of the difficulties involved. The MSDN Multiple Windows, Multiple Threads Sample shows how to launch a new thread with a WPF Window, and will work in most cases.  The sample code (commented and slightly modified) works out to the following: // Create a thread Thread newWindowThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart( () => { // Create and show the Window Window1 tempWindow = new Window1(); tempWindow.Show(); // Start the Dispatcher Processing System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.Run(); })); // Set the apartment state newWindowThread.SetApartmentState(ApartmentState.STA); // Make the thread a background thread newWindowThread.IsBackground = true; // Start the thread newWindowThread.Start(); .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } This sample creates a thread, marks it as single threaded apartment state, and starts the Dispatcher on that thread. That is the minimum requirements to get a Window displaying and handling messages correctly, but, unfortunately, has some serious flaws. The first issue – the created thread will run continuously until the application shuts down, given the code in the sample.  The problem is that the ThreadStart delegate used ends with running the Dispatcher.  However, nothing ever stops the Dispatcher processing.  The thread was created as a Background thread, which prevents it from keeping the application alive, but the Dispatcher will continue to pump dispatcher frames until the application shuts down. In order to fix this, we need to call Dispatcher.InvokeShutdown after the Window is closed.  This would require modifying the above sample to subscribe to the Window’s Closed event, and, at that point, shutdown the Dispatcher: // Create a thread Thread newWindowThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart( () => { Window1 tempWindow = new Window1(); // When the window closes, shut down the dispatcher tempWindow.Closed += (s,e) => Dispatcher.CurrentDispatcher.BeginInvokeShutdown(DispatcherPriority.Background); tempWindow.Show(); // Start the Dispatcher Processing System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.Run(); })); // Setup and start thread as before This eliminates the first issue.  Now, when the Window is closed, the new thread’s Dispatcher will shut itself down, which in turn will cause the thread to complete. The above code will work correctly for most situations.  However, there is still a potential problem which could arise depending on the content of the Window1 class.  This is particularly nasty, as the code could easily work for most windows, but fail on others. The problem is, at the point where the Window is constructed, there is no active SynchronizationContext.  This is unlikely to be a problem in most cases, but is an absolute requirement if there is code within the constructor of Window1 which relies on a context being in place. While this sounds like an edge case, it’s fairly common.  For example, if a BackgroundWorker is started within the constructor, or a TaskScheduler is built using TaskScheduler.FromCurrentSynchronizationContext() with the expectation of synchronizing work to the UI thread, an exception will be raised at some point.  Both of these classes rely on the existence of a proper context being installed to SynchronizationContext.Current, which happens automatically, but not until Dispatcher.Run is called.  In the above case, SynchronizationContext.Current will return null during the Window’s construction, which can cause exceptions to occur or unexpected behavior. Luckily, this is fairly easy to correct.  We need to do three things, in order, prior to creating our Window: Create and initialize the Dispatcher for the new thread manually Create a synchronization context for the thread which uses the Dispatcher Install the synchronization context Creating the Dispatcher is quite simple – The Dispatcher.CurrentDispatcher property gets the current thread’s Dispatcher and “creates a new Dispatcher if one is not already associated with the thread.”  Once we have the correct Dispatcher, we can create a SynchronizationContext which uses the dispatcher by creating a DispatcherSynchronizationContext.  Finally, this synchronization context can be installed as the current thread’s context via SynchronizationContext.SetSynchronizationContext.  These three steps can easily be added to the above via a single line of code: // Create a thread Thread newWindowThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart( () => { // Create our context, and install it: SynchronizationContext.SetSynchronizationContext( new DispatcherSynchronizationContext( Dispatcher.CurrentDispatcher)); Window1 tempWindow = new Window1(); // When the window closes, shut down the dispatcher tempWindow.Closed += (s,e) => Dispatcher.CurrentDispatcher.BeginInvokeShutdown(DispatcherPriority.Background); tempWindow.Show(); // Start the Dispatcher Processing System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.Run(); })); // Setup and start thread as before This now forces the synchronization context to be in place before the Window is created and correctly shuts down the Dispatcher when the window closes. However, there are quite a few steps.  In my next post, I’ll show how to make this operation more reusable by creating a class with a far simpler API…

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