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  • Can't access dojo object property using string variable

    - by Kareem
    I am retrieving a json associative array using a dojo xhrGet request. The data comes back just fine, however I need the app to be able to display the keys and their properties (or values) without knowing the keys beforehand. So, I do the following: function getData() { dojo.xhrGet( { url: "ytd_process.php", handleAs: "json", load: function(response) { for (var key in response) { dojo.byId("boxes").innerHTML+="<div id=\"box\">"+key+":"+response.key+"</div>"; } console.dir(response); // Dump it to the console } }); }; The keys are retrieved and displayed on the page, but the response.key returns undefined. I know the syntax is correct because if I replace .key with an actual key value it will display correctly. It appears it doesn't like a string as the key. Any help or advice would be greatly appreciated. Thank you.

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  • PHP / MYSQL: Sanitizing user input - is this a bad idea?

    - by Greg
    I have one "go" script that fetches any other script requested and this is what I wrote to sanitize user input: foreach ($_REQUEST as $key => $value){ if (get_magic_quotes_gpc()) $_REQUEST[$key] = mysql_real_escape_string(stripslashes($value)); else $_REQUEST[$key] = mysql_real_escape_string($value); } I haven't seen anyone else use this approach. Is there any reason not to? EDIT - amended for to work for arrays: function mysql_escape($thing) { if (is_array($thing)) { $escaped = array(); foreach ($thing as $key => $value) { $escaped[$key] = mysql_escape($value); } return $escaped; } // else if (get_magic_quotes_gpc()) $thing = stripslashes($thing); return mysql_real_escape_string($thing); } foreach ($_REQUEST as $key => $value){ $_REQUEST[$key] = mysql_escape($value); }

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  • PHP Doctrine - YAML syntax help. Default value for many to many relationship?

    - by Dan
    Hi, I have the following YAML schema for organising users in Doctrine: Person: tableName: people columns: id: type: integer primary: true autoincrement: true firstname: type: string notnull: true lastname: type: string notnull: true User: inheritance: extends: Person type: column_aggregation keyField: type keyValue: 1 Userdetails: columns: person_id: type: integer primary: true password: type: string notnull: true relations: User: foreignType: one local: person_id onDelete: CASCADE onUpdate: CASCADE Group: tableName: groups columns: id: type: integer primary: true autoincrement: true name: type: string notnull: true UserGroup: columns: group_id: type: integer primary: true person_id: type: integer primary: true relations: User: foreignType: many local: person_id Group: foreignType: many Basically, any people who are users will belong to one or more groups. Is there any way to add new users to a particular group by default? Any advice appreciated. Thanks

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  • Doctrine_Table_Exception: Unknown relation alias shoesTable [closed]

    - by Sadiqur Rahman
    I am getting following error message: Doctrine_Table_Exception: Unknown relation alias shoesTable in /home/public_html/projects/giftshoes/system/database/doctrine/Doctrine/Relation/Parser.php on line 237 My Code is below: ------------BaseShoe------------ <?php // Connection Component Binding Doctrine_Manager::getInstance()->bindComponent('Shoes', 'sadiqsof_giftshoes'); /** * BaseShoes * * This class has been auto-generated by the Doctrine ORM Framework * * @property integer $sku * @property string $name * @property string $keywords * @property string $description * @property string $manufacturer * @property float $sale_price * @property float $price * @property string $url * @property string $image * @property string $category * @property Doctrine_Collection $Viewes * * @package ##PACKAGE## * @subpackage ##SUBPACKAGE## * @author ##NAME## <##EMAIL##> * @version SVN: $Id: Builder.php 6820 2009-11-30 17:27:49Z jwage $ */ abstract class BaseShoes extends Doctrine_Record { public function setTableDefinition() { $this->setTableName('shoes'); $this->hasColumn('sku', 'integer', 4, array( 'type' => 'integer', 'fixed' => 0, 'unsigned' => false, 'primary' => true, 'autoincrement' => false, 'length' => '4', )); $this->hasColumn('name', 'string', 255, array( 'type' => 'string', 'fixed' => 0, 'unsigned' => false, 'primary' => false, 'notnull' => true, 'autoincrement' => false, 'length' => '255', )); $this->hasColumn('keywords', 'string', 255, array( 'type' => 'string', 'fixed' => 0, 'unsigned' => false, 'primary' => false, 'notnull' => true, 'autoincrement' => false, 'length' => '255', )); $this->hasColumn('description', 'string', null, array( 'type' => 'string', 'fixed' => 0, 'unsigned' => false, 'primary' => false, 'notnull' => true, 'autoincrement' => false, 'length' => '', )); $this->hasColumn('manufacturer', 'string', 20, array( 'type' => 'string', 'fixed' => 0, 'unsigned' => false, 'primary' => false, 'notnull' => true, 'autoincrement' => false, 'length' => '20', )); $this->hasColumn('sale_price', 'float', null, array( 'type' => 'float', 'fixed' => 0, 'unsigned' => false, 'primary' => false, 'notnull' => true, 'autoincrement' => false, 'length' => '', )); $this->hasColumn('price', 'float', null, array( 'type' => 'float', 'fixed' => 0, 'unsigned' => false, 'primary' => false, 'notnull' => true, 'autoincrement' => false, 'length' => '', )); $this->hasColumn('url', 'string', null, array( 'type' => 'string', 'fixed' => 0, 'unsigned' => false, 'primary' => false, 'notnull' => true, 'autoincrement' => false, 'length' => '', )); $this->hasColumn('image', 'string', null, array( 'type' => 'string', 'fixed' => 0, 'unsigned' => false, 'primary' => false, 'notnull' => true, 'autoincrement' => false, 'length' => '', )); $this->hasColumn('category', 'string', 50, array( 'type' => 'string', 'fixed' => 0, 'unsigned' => false, 'primary' => false, 'notnull' => true, 'autoincrement' => false, 'length' => '50', )); } public function setUp() { parent::setUp(); $this->hasMany('Viewes', array( 'local' => 'sku', 'foreign' => 'sku')); } } --------------ShoesTable-------- <?php class ShoesTable extends Doctrine_Table { function getAllShoes($from = 0, $total = 15) { $q = Doctrine_Query::create() ->from('Shoes') ->limit($total) ->offset($from); return $q->execute(array(), Doctrine::HYDRATE_ARRAY); } } ---------------Shoes Model----------------- <?php /** * Shoes * * This class has been auto-generated by the Doctrine ORM Framework * * @package ##PACKAGE## * @subpackage ##SUBPACKAGE## * @author ##NAME## <##EMAIL##> * @version SVN: $Id: Builder.php 6820 2009-11-30 17:27:49Z jwage $ */ class Shoes extends BaseShoes { function __construct() { parent::__construct(); $this->shoesTable = Doctrine::getTable('Shoes'); } function getAllShoes() { return $this->shoesTable->getAllShoes(); } }

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  • Oracle Unique Indexes

    - by Melvin
    I was creating a new table today in 10g when I noticed an interesting behavior. Here is an example of what I did: CREATE TABLE test_table ( field_1 INTEGER PRIMARY KEY ); Oracle will by default, create a non-null unique index for the primary key. I double checked this. After a quick check, I find a unique index name SYS_C0065645. Everything is working as expected so far. Now I did this: CREATE TABLE test_table ( field_1 INTEGER, CONSTRAINT pk_test_table PRIMARY KEY (field_1) USING INDEX (CREATE INDEX idx_test_table_00 ON test_table (field_1))); After describing my newly created index idx_test_table_00, I see that it is non-unique. I tried to insert duplicate data into the table and was stopped by the primary key constraint, proving that the functionality has not been affected. It seems strange to me that Oracle would allow a non-unique index to be used for a primary key constraint. Why is this allowed?

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  • Chrome SSL Security Issue under Windows systems?

    - by fraido
    The Fortify.net website allows you to check what SSL Encryption key is used by your browser. I gave it a try with the browsers I've on my machine and these are the results Fedora 9 Firefox 3.0.8 = AES cipher, 256-bit key Chrome 4.0.249.30 = AES cipher, 256-bit key Windows XP SP3 IE 6.0.2x = RC4 cipher, 128-bit key Firefox = AES cipher, 256-bit key Chrome 4.1.249.1042 (42199) = RC4 cipher, 128-bit key .... WHAT!!?!! Chrome is using RC4 128-bit (as IE6 does) that is well known as been very weak! Chrome under Unix works fine... I'm wondering how is this possible? Do you have this issue or is there a way to change the default key to be AES 256bit? I'm using Chrome as the main browser under Windows and I'm really considering to switch back to Firefox

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  • How do I set a variable inside a bash for loop?

    - by Isaac Moore
    I need to set a variable inside of a bash for loop, which for some reason, is not working for me. Here is an excerpt of my script: function unlockBoxAll { appdir=$(grep -i "CutTheRope.app" /tmp/App_list.tmp) for lvl in {0..24} key="UNLOCKED_$box_$lvl" plutil -key "$key" -value "1" "$appdir/../Library/Preferences/com.chillingo.cuttherope.plist" 2>&1> /dev/null successCheck=$(plutil -key "$key" "$appdir/../Library/Preferences/com.chillingo.cuttherope.plist") if [ "$successCheck" -eq "1" ]; then echo "Success! " else echo "Failed: Key is $successCheck " fi done } As you can see, I try to write to a variable inside the loop with: key="UNLOCKED_$box_$lvl" But when I do that, I get this: /usr/bin/cutTheRope.sh: line 23: syntax error near unexpected token `key="UNLOCKED_$box_$lvl"' /usr/bin/cutTheRope.sh: line 23: `key="UNLOCKED_$box_$lvl"' What am I not doing right? Is there another way to do this? Please help, thanks.

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  • javascript object access performance

    - by youdontmeanmuch
    In Javascript, when your getting a property of an object, is there a performance penalty to getting the whole object vs only getting a property of that object? Also Keep in mind I'm not talking about DOM access these are pure simple Javascript objects. For example: Is there some kind of performance difference between the following code: Assumed to be faster but not sure: var length = some.object[key].length; if(length === condition){ // Do something that doesnt need anything inside of some.object[key] } else{ var object = some.object[key]; // Do something that requires stuff inside of some.object[key] } I think this would be slower but not sure if it matters. var object = some.object[key]; if(object.length === condition){ // Do something that doesnt need anything inside of some.object[key] } else{ // Do something that requires stuff inside of some.object[key] }

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  • How to hide keys in application?

    - by WilliamKF
    I have a C++ client/server application where the client and server are my executable. Each time a connection is made between the client and server, I generate a new encryption key for that session and I wish to transmit this session key and encrypt this session key using a static key that is built into both the client and server. However, running strings on my executable reveals the static key. How can I hide the embedded static key in my client and server application so that they are not easily extracted and thus allowing someone to decode my session key.

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  • Database design for a Fantasy league

    - by Samidh T
    Here's the basic schema for my database Table user{ userid numeber primary key, count number } Table player{ pid number primary key, } Table user-player{ userid number primary key foreign key(user), pid number primary key foreign key(player) } Table temp{ pid number primary key, points number } Here's what I intend to do... After every match the temp table is updated which holds the id of players that played the last match and the points they earned. Next run a procedure that will match the pid from temp table with every uid of user-player table having the same pid. add the points from temp table to the count of user table for every matching uid. empty temp table. My questions is considering 200 players and 10000 users,Will this method be efficient? I am going to be using mysql for this.

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  • Hash default value not being used

    - by ba
    Today I tried the following snippets of code and I don't understand why I get different results between them. As far as I can understand they are the same. One uses the default value off Hash and the other snippet creates an empty array for the key before it'll be accessed. Anyone who understands what's going on? :) # Hash default if the key doesn't have a value set is an empty Array a = Hash.new([]) a[:key] << 2 # => [2] p a # => {} nil p a[:key] # => [2] # Explicitly add an array for all nodes before creating b = Hash.new b[:key] ||= [] b[:key] << 2 # => [2] p b # => {:key=>[2]}

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  • C programming: hashtable insertion/search

    - by Ricardo Campos
    Hello i have a problem with my hash table its implemented like this: #define HT_SIZE 10 typedef struct _list_t_ { char key[20]; char string[20]; char prevValue[20]; struct _list_t_ *next; } list_t; typedef struct _hash_table_t_ { int size; /* the size of the table */ list_t ***table; /* first */ sem_t lock; } hash_table_t; I have a Linked list with 3 pointers because i want a hash table with several partitions (shards), here is my initialization of my Hash table: hash_table_t *create_hash_table(int NUM_SERVER_THREADS, int num_shards){ hash_table_t *new_table; int j,i; if (HT_SIZE<1) return NULL; /* invalid size for table */ /* Attempt to allocate memory for the hashtable structure */ new_table = (hash_table_t*)malloc(sizeof(hash_table_t)*HT_SIZE); /* Attempt to allocate memory for the table itself */ new_table->table = (list_t ***)calloc(1,sizeof(list_t **)); /* Initialize the elements of the table */ for(j=0; j<num_shards; j++){ new_table->table[j] = (list_t **)calloc(1,sizeof(list_t *)); for(i=0; i<HT_SIZE; i++){ new_table->table[j][i] = (list_t *)calloc(1,sizeof(list_t )); } } /* Set the table's size */ new_table->size = HT_SIZE; sem_init(&new_table->lock, 0, 1); return new_table; } Here is my search function to search in the hash table list_t *lookup_string(hash_table_t *hashtable, char *key, int shardId){ list_t *list ; int hashval = hash(key); /* Go to the correct list based on the hash value and see if key is * in the list. If it is, return return a pointer to the list element. * If it isn't, the item isn't in the table, so return NULL. */ sem_wait(&hashtable->lock); for(list = hashtable->table[shardId][hashval]; list != NULL; list =list->next) { if (strcmp(key, list->key) == 0){ sem_post(&hashtable->lock); return list; } } sem_post(&hashtable->lock); return NULL; } And my insert function: char *add_string(hash_table_t *hashtable, char *str,char *key, int shardId){ list_t *new_list; list_t *current_list; unsigned int hashval = hash(key); /*printf("|%d|%d|%s|\n",hashval,shardId,key);*/ /* Lock for concurrency */ sem_wait(&hashtable->lock); /* Attempt to allocate memory for list */ new_list = (list_t*)malloc(sizeof(list_t)); /* Does item already exist? */ sem_post(&hashtable->lock); current_list = lookup_string(hashtable, key,shardId); sem_wait(&hashtable->lock); /* item already exists, don't insert it again. */ if (current_list != NULL){ strcpy(new_list->prevValue,current_list->string); strcpy(new_list->string,str); strcpy(new_list->key,key); new_list->next = hashtable->table[shardId][hashval]; hashtable->table[shardId][hashval] = new_list; sem_post(&hashtable->lock); return new_list->prevValue; } /* Insert into list */ strcpy(new_list->string,str); strcpy(new_list->key,key); new_list->next = hashtable->table[shardId][hashval]; hashtable->table[shardId][hashval] = new_list; /* Unlock */ sem_post(&hashtable->lock); return new_list->prevValue; } My main class runs some of tests by executing the insertion / reading / delete from the elements of the hash table the problem is when i have more than 4 partitions/shards the tests stop at the first reading element saying it returned the wrong value NULL on the search function, when its less than 4 it runs perfectly well and passes all the tests. You can see my main.c in here if you want to give a look: http://hostcode.sourceforge.net/view/1105 My complete Hash table code: http://hostcode.sourceforge.net/view/1103 And other functions where hash table code is executed: .c file http://hostcode.sourceforge.net/view/1104 .h file http://hostcode.sourceforge.net/view/1106 Thank for you time, i appreciate any help you can give to me this is a college important project that I'm trying to solve and I'm stuck here for 2 days.

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  • Send Ctrl+Up to a window

    - by dutt
    I'm trying to send messages to a window that says Ctrl and Up-arrow has been pressed. I've got the basics down, I can send presses of the space key that registeres fine. But I can't seem to get the ctrl+up working. chosen code snippets: [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = false)] static extern IntPtr SendMessage(IntPtr hWnd, int Msg, int wParam, int lParam); Now this works fine for sending Space: public static void SendKeyPress(IntPtr handle, VKeys key) { SendMessage(handle, (int) WMessages.WM_KEYDOWN, (int) key, 0); SendMessage(handle, (int)WMessages.WM_KEYUP, (int)key, 0); } But this doesn't work for sending Ctrl+Up: public static void SendKeyPress(IntPtr handle, VKeys key, bool control) { SendMessage(handle, (int) WMessages.WM_KEYDOWN, (int) key, 0); SendMessage(handle, (int) WMessages.WM_KEYDOWN, (int)VKeys.VK_CONTROL, 0); SendMessage(handle, (int)WMessages.WM_KEYUP, (int)key, 0); SendMessage(handle, (int)WMessages.WM_KEYUP, (int)VKeys.VK_CONTROL, 0); } What am I missing?

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  • Converting keys of an array/object-tree to lowercase

    - by tstenner
    Im currently optimizing a PHP application and found one function being called around 10-20k times, so I'd thought I'd start optimization there. function keysToLower($obj) { if(!is_object($obj) && !is_array($obj)) return $obj; foreach($obj as $key=>$element) { $element=keysToLower($element); if(is_object($obj)) { $obj->{strtolower($key)}=$element; if(!ctype_lower($key)) unset($obj->{$key}); } else if(is_array($obj) && ctype_upper($key)) { $obj[strtolower($key)]=$element; unset($obj[$key]); } } return $obj; } Most of the time is spent in recursive calls (which are quite slow in PHP), but I don't see any way to convert it to a loop. What would you do?

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  • is it safe to refactor my django models?

    - by Johnd
    My model is similar to this. Is this ok or should I make the common base class abstract? What are the differcenes between this or makeing it abstract and not having an extra table? It seems odd that there is only one primary key now that I have factored stuff out. class Input(models.Model): details = models.CharField(max_length=1000) user = models.ForeignKey(User) pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published') rating = models.IntegerField() def __unicode__(self): return self.details class Case(Input): title = models.CharField(max_length=200) views = models.IntegerField() class Argument(Input): case = models.ForeignKey(Case) side = models.BooleanField() is this ok to factor stuff out intpu Input? I noticed Cases and Arguments share a primary Key. like this: CREATE TABLE "cases_input" ( "id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, "details" varchar(1000) NOT NULL, "user_id" integer NOT NULL REFERENCES "auth_user" ("id"), "pub_date" datetime NOT NULL, "rating" integer NOT NULL ) ; CREATE TABLE "cases_case" ( "input_ptr_id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY REFERENCES "cases_input" ("id"), "title" varchar(200) NOT NULL, "views" integer NOT NULL ) ; CREATE TABLE "cases_argument" ( "input_ptr_id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY REFERENCES "cases_input" ("id"), "case_id" integer NOT NULL REFERENCES "cases_case" ("input_ptr_id"), "side" bool NOT NULL )

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  • Pygame single push event

    - by Miller92Time
    in Pygame i am trying to translate an image by 10% in each direction using each arrow key. right now the code i am using moves the image as long as the key is pushed down, what I want is for it to move only once regardless if the key is still pushed down or not. if event.type == KEYDOWN: if (event.key == K_RIGHT): DISPLAYSURF.fill((255,255,255)) #Clears the screen translation_x(100) draw(1) if (event.key == K_LEFT): DISPLAYSURF.fill((255,255,255)) #Clears the screen translation_x(-100) draw(2) if (event.key == K_UP): DISPLAYSURF.fill((255,255,255)) #Clears the screen translation_y(100) draw(3) if (event.key == K_DOWN): DISPLAYSURF.fill((255,255,255)) #Clears the screen translation_y(-100) draw(4) is there a simpler way of implementing this besides using time.sleep

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  • How to write a list to a text file in the correct format

    - by lia1000
    I've got this piece of code that I want to write the output to a text file but with the correct format i.e. no brackets, single quotes so it appears as a formatted list. This is the code: file = open("env5.txt", "w"); for key in os.environ.keys(): env = os.environ[key]; key1 = key; list = str([key, env]).replace("'","").replace('[]', ''); list2 = list[1:-1]; print(list2); file.writelines(list2); file.close(); This is the original code: for key in os.environ.keys(): print(key, os.environ[key]); Many thanks

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  • C#/.NET Little Wonders: Using &lsquo;default&rsquo; to Get Default Values

    - by James Michael Hare
    Once again, in this series of posts I look at the parts of the .NET Framework that may seem trivial, but can help improve your code by making it easier to write and maintain. The index of all my past little wonders posts can be found here. Today’s little wonder is another of those small items that can help a lot in certain situations, especially when writing generics.  In particular, it is useful in determining what the default value of a given type would be. The Problem: what’s the default value for a generic type? There comes a time when you’re writing generic code where you may want to set an item of a given generic type.  Seems simple enough, right?  We’ll let’s see! Let’s say we want to query a Dictionary<TKey, TValue> for a given key and get back the value, but if the key doesn’t exist, we’d like a default value instead of throwing an exception. So, for example, we might have a the following dictionary defined: 1: var lookup = new Dictionary<int, string> 2: { 3: { 1, "Apple" }, 4: { 2, "Orange" }, 5: { 3, "Banana" }, 6: { 4, "Pear" }, 7: { 9, "Peach" } 8: }; And using those definitions, perhaps we want to do something like this: 1: // assume a default 2: string value = "Unknown"; 3:  4: // if the item exists in dictionary, get its value 5: if (lookup.ContainsKey(5)) 6: { 7: value = lookup[5]; 8: } But that’s inefficient, because then we’re double-hashing (once for ContainsKey() and once for the indexer).  Well, to avoid the double-hashing, we could use TryGetValue() instead: 1: string value; 2:  3: // if key exists, value will be put in value, if not default it 4: if (!lookup.TryGetValue(5, out value)) 5: { 6: value = "Unknown"; 7: } But the “flow” of using of TryGetValue() can get clunky at times when you just want to assign either the value or a default to a variable.  Essentially it’s 3-ish lines (depending on formatting) for 1 assignment.  So perhaps instead we’d like to write an extension method to support a cleaner interface that will return a default if the item isn’t found: 1: public static class DictionaryExtensions 2: { 3: public static TValue GetValueOrDefault<TKey, TValue>(this Dictionary<TKey, TValue> dict, 4: TKey key, TValue defaultIfNotFound) 5: { 6: TValue value; 7:  8: // value will be the result or the default for TValue 9: if (!dict.TryGetValue(key, out value)) 10: { 11: value = defaultIfNotFound; 12: } 13:  14: return value; 15: } 16: } 17:  So this creates an extension method on Dictionary<TKey, TValue> that will attempt to get a value using the given key, and will return the defaultIfNotFound as a stand-in if the key does not exist. This code compiles, fine, but what if we would like to go one step further and allow them to specify a default if not found, or accept the default for the type?  Obviously, we could overload the method to take the default or not, but that would be duplicated code and a bit heavy for just specifying a default.  It seems reasonable that we could set the not found value to be either the default for the type, or the specified value. So what if we defaulted the type to null? 1: public static TValue GetValueOrDefault<TKey, TValue>(this Dictionary<TKey, TValue> dict, 2: TKey key, TValue defaultIfNotFound = null) // ... No, this won’t work, because only reference types (and Nullable<T> wrapped types due to syntactical sugar) can be assigned to null.  So what about a calling parameterless constructor? 1: public static TValue GetValueOrDefault<TKey, TValue>(this Dictionary<TKey, TValue> dict, 2: TKey key, TValue defaultIfNotFound = new TValue()) // ... No, this won’t work either for several reasons.  First, we’d expect a reference type to return null, not an “empty” instance.  Secondly, not all reference types have a parameter-less constructor (string for example does not).  And finally, a constructor cannot be determined at compile-time, while default values can. The Solution: default(T) – returns the default value for type T Many of us know the default keyword for its uses in switch statements as the default case.  But it has another use as well: it can return us the default value for a given type.  And since it generates the same defaults that default field initialization uses, it can be determined at compile-time as well. For example: 1: var x = default(int); // x is 0 2:  3: var y = default(bool); // y is false 4:  5: var z = default(string); // z is null 6:  7: var t = default(TimeSpan); // t is a TimeSpan with Ticks == 0 8:  9: var n = default(int?); // n is a Nullable<int> with HasValue == false Notice that for numeric types the default is 0, and for reference types the default is null.  In addition, for struct types, the value is a default-constructed struct – which simply means a struct where every field has their default value (hence 0 Ticks for TimeSpan, etc.). So using this, we could modify our code to this: 1: public static class DictionaryExtensions 2: { 3: public static TValue GetValueOrDefault<TKey, TValue>(this Dictionary<TKey, TValue> dict, 4: TKey key, TValue defaultIfNotFound = default(TValue)) 5: { 6: TValue value; 7:  8: // value will be the result or the default for TValue 9: if (!dict.TryGetValue(key, out value)) 10: { 11: value = defaultIfNotFound; 12: } 13:  14: return value; 15: } 16: } Now, if defaultIfNotFound is unspecified, it will use default(TValue) which will be the default value for whatever value type the dictionary holds.  So let’s consider how we could use this: 1: lookup.GetValueOrDefault(1); // returns “Apple” 2:  3: lookup.GetValueOrDefault(5); // returns null 4:  5: lookup.GetValueOrDefault(5, “Unknown”); // returns “Unknown” 6:  Again, do not confuse a parameter-less constructor with the default value for a type.  Remember that the default value for any type is the compile-time default for any instance of that type (0 for numeric, false for bool, null for reference types, and struct will all default fields for struct).  Consider the difference: 1: // both zero 2: int i1 = default(int); 3: int i2 = new int(); 4:  5: // both “zeroed” structs 6: var dt1 = default(DateTime); 7: var dt2 = new DateTime(); 8:  9: // sb1 is null, sb2 is an “empty” string builder 10: var sb1 = default(StringBuilder()); 11: var sb2 = new StringBuilder(); So in the above code, notice that the value types all resolve the same whether using default or parameter-less construction.  This is because a value type is never null (even Nullable<T> wrapped types are never “null” in a reference sense), they will just by default contain fields with all default values. However, for reference types, the default is null and not a constructed instance.  Also it should be noted that not all classes have parameter-less constructors (string, for instance, doesn’t have one – and doesn’t need one). Summary Whenever you need to get the default value for a type, especially a generic type, consider using the default keyword.  This handy word will give you the default value for the given type at compile-time, which can then be used for initialization, optional parameters, etc. Technorati Tags: C#,CSharp,.NET,Little Wonders,default

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  • The 20 Most Important Keyboard Shortcuts For Windows PCs

    - by Chris Hoffman
    Keyboard shortcuts are practically essential for using any type of PC. They’ll speed up almost everything you do. But long lists of keyboard shortcuts can quickly become overwhelming if you’re just getting started. This list will cover the most useful keyboard shortcuts that every Windows user should know. If you haven’t used keyboard shortcuts much, these will show you just how useful keyboard shortcuts can be. Windows Key + Search The Windows key is particularly important on Windows 8 — especially before Windows 8.1 — because it allows you to quickly return to the Start screen. On Windows 7, it opens the Start menu. Either way, you can start typing immediately after you press the Windows key to search for programs, settings, and files. For example, if you want to launch Firefox, you can press the Windows key, start typing the word Firefox, and press Enter when the Firefox shortcut appears. It’s a quick way to launch programs, open files, and locate Control Panel options without even touching your mouse and without digging through a cluttered Start menu. You can also use the arrow keys to select the shortcut you want to launch before pressing Enter. Copy, Cut, Paste Copy, Cut, and Paste are extremely important keyboard shortcuts for text-editing. If you do any typing on your computer, you probably use them. These options can be accessed using the mouse, either by right-clicking on selected text or opening the application’s Edit menu, but this is the slowest way to do it. After selecting some text, press Ctrl+C to copy it or Ctrl+X to cut it. Position the cursor where you want the text and use Ctrl+V to paste it. These shortcuts can save you a huge amount of time over using the mouse. Search the Current Page or File To quickly perform a search in the current application — whether you’re in a web browser, PDF viewer, document editor, or almost any other type of application — press Ctrl+F. The application’s search (or “Find”) feature will pop up, and you can instantly start typing a phrase you want to search for. You can generally press Enter to  go to the next appearance of the word or phrase in the document, quickly searching through it for what you’re interested in. Switch Between Applications and Tabs Rather than clicking buttons on your taskbar, Alt+Tab is a very quick way to switch between running applications. Windows orders the list of open windows by the order you accessed them, so if you’re only using two different applications, you can just press Alt+Tab to quickly switch between them. If switching between more than two windows, you’ll have to hold the Alt key and press Tab repeatedly to toggle through the list of open windows. If you miss the window you want, you can always press Alt+Shift+Tab to move through the list in reverse. To move between tabs in an application — such as the browser tabs in your web browser — press Ctrl+Tab. Ctrl+Shift+Tab will move through tabs in reverse. Quickly Print If you’re the kind of person who still prints things, you can quickly open the print window by pressing Ctrl+P. This can be faster than hunting down the Print option in every program you want to print something from. Basic Browser Shortcuts Web browser shortcuts can save you tons of time, too. Ctrl+T is a very useful one, as it will open a new tab with the address bar focused, so you can quickly press Ctrl +T, type a search phrase or web address, and press Enter to go there. To go back or forward while browsing, hold the Ctrl key and press the left or right arrow keys. If you’d just like to focus your web browser’s address bar so you can type a new web address or search without opening a new tab, press Ctrl + L. You can then start typing something and press Enter. Close Tabs and Windows To quickly close the current application, press Alt+F4. This works on the desktop and even in new Windows 8-style applications. To quickly close the current browser tab or document, press Ctrl+W. This will often close the current window if there are no other tabs open. Lock Your Computer When you’re done using your computer and want to step away, you may want to lock it. People won’t be able to log in and access your desktop unless they know your password. You can do this from the Start menu or Start screen, but the fastest way to lock your screen is by quickly pressing Windows Key + L before you get up. Access the Task Manager Ctrl+Alt+Delete will take you to a screen that allows you to quickly launch the Task Manager or perform other operations, such as signing out. This is particularly useful because if can be used to recover from situations where your computer doesn’t appear responsive or isn’t accepting input. For example, if a full-screen game becomes unresponsive, Ctrl+Alt+Delete will often allow you to escape from it and end it via the Task Manager. Windows 8 Shortcuts On Windows 8 PCs, there are other very important keyboard shortcuts. Windows Key + C will open your Charms bar, while Windows Key + Tab will open the new App Switcher. These keyboard shortcuts will allow you to avoid the hot corners, which can be tedious to use with a mouse. On the desktop side, Windows Key + D will take you back to the desktop from anywhere. Windows Key + X will open a special “power user menu” that gives you quick access to options that are hidden in the new Windows 8 interface, including Shut Down, Restart, and Control Panel. If you’re interested in learning more keyboard shortcuts, be sure to check our longer lists of 47 keyboard shortcuts that work in all web browsers and 42+ keyboard shortcuts to speed up text-editing. Image Credit: Jeroen Bennink on Flickr     

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  • Able to connect by SSH, but not x2go

    - by Mike
    I am having trouble connecting to a remote server with X2GO using a DSA key. Connecting works fine over SSH, but when I try to connect with X2GO, it goes immediately to the username/password box and doesn't want to use the private key I specify in the options. If I select "Try auto login" it appears to try to connect and then I get the following error: No public key matched Access denied. Authentication that can continue: publickey It was working previously, but I reinstalled the client OS and since then I am unable to connect. I copied all of the SSH keys over from the previous installation. I also tried deleting my ~/.ssh/known_hosts file and adding the key to ssh-agent with no success, but the key is definitely added correctly: $ ssh-add -l 1024 b9:3d:e5:ef:48:ea:fc:c6:6e:45:89:b5:35:e7:58:39 server.com_dsa (DSA) Note, if I enable password authentication on the server, I can connect fine, however I would like to use publickey. Any ideas how I can connect with public key authentication?

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  • Fedora 12 How to Force a Display to Load on Boot even when no Monitor is Attached

    - by key
    When booting Fedora 12 with no monitor connected, if I connect a monitor later it gives a no signal error. I think it is set to auto-detect if a monitor is connected or not and load a display based of that. Since it initially detects no monitor no display is loaded. What I would like to do is have it act as if a monitor was always connected and provide the display signal always. I don't know if this is the issue or not but if you know how I might be able to fix this issue so that I can connect a monitor whenever I feel like it without having to restart that would be best. Thanks for the help! :D

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  • Efficiently checking input and firing events

    - by Jim
    I'm writing an InputHandler class in XNA, and there are several different keys considered valid input (all of type Microsoft.XNA.Framework.Input.Keys). For each key, I have three events: internal event InputEvent XYZPressed; internal event InputEvent XYZHeld; internal event InputEvent XYZReleased; where XYZ is the name of the Keys object representing that key. To fire these events, I have the following for each key: if (Keyboard.GetState().IsKeyDown(XYZ)) { if (PreviousKeyState.IsKeyDown(XYZ)) { if (XYZHeld != null) XYZHeld(); } else { if (XYZPressed != null) XYZPressed(); } } else if (PreviousKeyState.IsKeyDown(XYZ)) { if (XYZReleased != null) XYZReleased(); } However, this is a lot of repeated code (the above needs to be repeated for each input key). Aside from being a hassle to write, if any keys are added to/removed from the keys (if functionality is added/removed), a new section needs to be added (or an existing one removed). Is there a cleaner way to do this? Perhaps something along the lines of foreach key check which state it's in fire this key's event for that state where the code does the foreach (automatically checking exactly those keys that "exist") rather than the coder?

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  • Difference between adding MIME types in IIS via Websites vs Local Computer?

    - by Alex Key
    What is the difference between adding MIME types in these 2 different situations? When in IIS 6 manager... Right click on the computer name (local computer) properties mime types Right click on the "Web sites" folder properties http headers mime types I'm guessing that perhaps option 1 adds MIME types for FTP also? However if that were true i'd expect to be able to add MIME types specifically in the properties of FTP (and not just websites). thanks for your help.

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  • Using OpenVPN, yet netflix.com blocks access

    - by user837848
    I have set up an OpenVPN server on a VPS in the USA and configured it to route all clients traffic through it. Everything seems to work fine regarding the VPN connection in gerneral. All ip lookup sites show me the us server's ip address and even hulu.com works(it won't work if you are not in the usa). But for some reason netflix.com says "Sorry, Netflix is not available in your country yet.". So I thought that netflix probably uses some more sophisticated ways to determine your location beyond just your ip address. But I could not find a way to get it to work until I dropped the idea of using a VPN and instead connected to the server via a simple socks tunnel with ssh by running: ssh -D 9999 user@serverip All I had to do was changing the key network.proxy.socks_remote_dns in Firefox from false to true to prevent DNS leaks and setting up the socks proxy. Then I could finally watch netflix.com. As a result I concluded that there is nothing in the browser(or something like system timezone) that tells netflix the location, so it has to have something to do with the OpenVPN config. After that I used tcpdump to log all the traffic on the server's network interface venet0 (OpenVZ VPS), visited netflix.com on the client while first connected to the VPN and then connected via socks tunnel and afterwards compared both outputs. The only thing that caught my eye was that while using the socks tunnel the server mainly used ipv6 to connect to netflix whereas it only used ipv4 when the client was connected to the OpenVPN server. But I don't get how that could make such a difference. So what am I missing? Is there a way to configure OpenVPN to also use ipv6 to connect to a website although there is only an ipv4 connection between the VPS and the client? Here is the server.conf of the OpenVPN server (OpenVZ VPS) local serverip port 443 proto tcp dev tun ca ./easy-rsa2/keys/ca.crt cert ./easy-rsa2/keys/vps1.crt key ./easy-rsa2/keys/vps1.key # This file should be kept secret dh ./easy-rsa2/keys/dh1024.pem server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp" push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8" push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.4.4" client-to-client keepalive 10 120 tls-auth ta.key 0 # This file is secret cipher AES-256-CBC comp-lzo max-clients 4 user nobody group nogroup persist-key persist-tun status openvpn-status.log log-append openvpn.log verb 3 iptables forwarding iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o venet0 -j SNAT --to-source serverip (enabled ipv4 forwarding) I have tried everything always on a Win7 and a Debian client with only ipv4 connections and always made sure that they use the correct DNS server (tested with ipleak.net and tcpdump / wireshark). client.conf: client dev tun proto tcp remote serverip 443 resolv-retry infinite nobind persist-key persist-tun ca ca.crt cert client.crt key client.key ns-cert-type server tls-auth ta.key 1 cipher AES-256-CBC comb-lzo verb 3

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  • Where can I find WebSphere configuration files?

    - by Nicholas Key
    Hi there, I would like to know where are the WebSphere configuration details saved? Specifically, configuration details that are shown in the Administrative Console (from the web) or from the console using wsadmin. Some of the examples would be: Java and Process Management: Class loader, Process definition, Process execution Container Settings: Session management, SIP Container Settings, Web Container Settings, Portlet Container Settings Are there XML files that persist these configuration details? Nicholas

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