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  • Focus process window, ShowWindow vs System Tray

    - by ais
    I try open process window, this code work if window state is minimize, but if program in system tray window isn't opened. [DllImport("User32")] private static extern int SetForegroundWindow(IntPtr hwnd); [DllImport("User32")] private static extern bool ShowWindow(IntPtr hWnd, int nCmdShow); private static void ShowWindow(Process process) { ShowWindow(process.MainWindowHandle, SW_RESTORE); SetForegroundWindow(process.MainWindowHandle); }

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  • Java Null Pointer Exception :-(

    - by John-Michael Reed
    I've got a Null Pointer Exception in my main that just won't go away and I'm totally out of ideas. The error is on the line "Board[x][y].color = 2;" in which Board is a public, static array of piece objects that contain instance variables like the one "color" that is being set to 2 in the above statement. Pieces is not static - that is there are many different copies of pieces, each with its own data, but only one board. The array has been initialized and defined as both public Piece[][] Board = new Piece[8][8] and public static Piece[][] Board = new Piece[8][8], but no matter how I mess around with it (getting rid of static, putting the variable in another object, etc.), I can't seem to get the error to go away. Help?

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  • StructureMap singleton behavior not working

    - by user137348
    My code is public static class ContainerBootstrapper { public static void BootstrapStructureMap() { ObjectFactory.Initialize(x => x .ForRequestedType<ValueHolder>() .CacheBy(InstanceScope.Singleton) .TheDefaultIsConcreteType<ValueHolder>()); } } Initialization code (its a windows service) static class Program { static void Main() { ServiceBase[] ServicesToRun; ServicesToRun = new ServiceBase[] { new AppServer() }; ServiceBase.Run(ServicesToRun); ContainerBootstrapper.BootstrapStructureMap(); } } And then I call an instance like this: var valueHolder = ObjectFactory.GetInstance<ValueHolder>(); But I get everytime an new instance not the one used before.

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  • Why is this undefined behaviour?

    - by xryl669
    Here's the sample code: X * makeX(int index) { return new X(index); } struct Tmp { mutable int count; Tmp() : count(0) {} const X ** getX() const { static const X* x[] = { makeX(count++), makeX(count++) }; return x; } }; This reports Undefined Behaviour on CLang version 500 in the static array construction. For sake of simplication for this post, the count is not static, but it does not change anything.

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  • how to pass one variable value frm one class to the oder

    - by Arunabha
    i hav two packages one is com.firstBooks.series.db.parser which hav a java file XMLParser.java,i hav another package com.firstBooks.series79 which hav a class called AppMain.NW i want to send the value of a variable called _xmlFileName frm AppMain class to the xmlFile variable in XMLParser class,i am posting the codes for both the class,kindly help me. package com.firstBooks.series.db.parser; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.util.Vector; import net.rim.device.api.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder; import net.rim.device.api.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory; import net.rim.device.api.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException; import org.w3c.dom.Document; import org.w3c.dom.Element; import org.w3c.dom.NodeList; import org.xml.sax.SAXException; import com.firstBooks.series.db.Question; public class XMLParser { private Document document; public static Vector questionList; public static String xmlFile; public XMLParser() { questionList = new Vector(); } public void parseXMl() throws SAXException, IOException, ParserConfigurationException { // Build a document based on the XML file. DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(); DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder(); InputStream inputStream = getClass().getResourceAsStream(xmlFile); document = builder.parse(inputStream); } public void parseDocument() { Element element = document.getDocumentElement(); NodeList nl = element.getElementsByTagName("question"); if (nl != null && nl.getLength() > 0) { for (int i = 0; i < nl.getLength(); i++) { Element ele = (Element) nl.item(i); Question question = getQuestions(ele); questionList.addElement(question); } } } private Question getQuestions(Element element) { String title = getTextValue(element, "title"); String choice1 = getTextValue(element, "choice1"); String choice2 = getTextValue(element, "choice2"); String choice3 = getTextValue(element, "choice3"); String choice4 = getTextValue(element, "choice4"); String answer = getTextValue(element, "answer"); String rationale = getTextValue(element, "rationale"); Question Questions = new Question(title, choice1, choice2, choice3, choice4, answer, rationale); return Questions; } private String getTextValue(Element ele, String tagName) { String textVal = null; NodeList nl = ele.getElementsByTagName(tagName); if (nl != null && nl.getLength() > 0) { Element el = (Element) nl.item(0); textVal = el.getFirstChild().getNodeValue(); } return textVal; } } Nw the code for AppMain class //#preprocess package com.firstBooks.series79; import net.rim.device.api.ui.UiApplication; import com.firstBooks.series.ui.screens.HomeScreen; public class AppMain extends UiApplication { public static String _xmlFileName; public static boolean _Lite; public static int _totalNumofQuestions; public static void initialize(){ //#ifndef FULL /* //#endif _xmlFileName = "/res/Series79_FULL.xml"; _totalNumofQuestions = 50; _Lite = false; //#ifndef FULL */ //#endif //#ifndef LITE /* //#endif _xmlFileName = "/res/Series79_LITE.xml"; _totalNumofQuestions = 10; _Lite = true; //#ifndef LITE */ //#endif } private AppMain() { initialize(); pushScreen(new HomeScreen()); } public static void main(String args[]) { new AppMain().enterEventDispatcher(); } }

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  • DoWork of BackgroundWorker is called twice when RunWorkerAsync is called once?

    - by Power-Mosfet
    I have create a backgroundworker in an class it works, but if i call and wait until the end run, call it for the second time it will do the same process twice i thinks there is somthing wrong with bw.DoWork += private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { nptest.test.start("null", "null"); } namespace nptest { class test { public static void start(string str, string strb) { if (bw.IsBusy != true) { bw.WorkerSupportsCancellation = true; bw.DoWork += (obj, e) => bw_DoWork(str, strb); bw.RunWorkerCompleted += new RunWorkerCompletedEventHandler(bw_RunWorkerCompleted); bw.RunWorkerAsync(); } } private static BackgroundWorker bw = new BackgroundWorker(); private static void bw_DoWork(string str, string strb) { System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show("initializing BackgroundWorker"); } private static void bw_RunWorkerCompleted(object sender, RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e) { if ((e.Cancelled == true)) { Console.WriteLine("Canceled"); } else if (!(e.Error == null)) { Console.WriteLine("Error: " + e.Error.Message); } bw.Dispose(); } } }

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  • Memory allocation patterns in C++

    - by Mahatma
    I am confused about the memory allocation in C++ in terms of the memory areas such as Const data area, Stack, Heap, Freestore, Heap and Global/Static area. I would like to understand the memory allocation pattern in the following snippet. Can anyone help me to understand this. If there any thing more apart from the variable types mentioned in the example to help understand the concept better please alter the example. class FooBar { int n; //Stored in stack? public: int pubVar; //stored in stack? void foo(int param) //param stored in stack { int *pp = new int; //int is allocated on heap. n = param; static int nStat; //Stored in static area of memory int nLoc; //stored in stack? string str = "mystring"; //stored in stack? .. if(CONDITION) { static int nSIf; //stored in static area of memory int loopvar; //stored in stack .. } } } int main(int) { Foobar bar; //bar stored in stack? or a part of it? Foobar *pBar; //pBar is stored in stack pBar = new Foobar(); //the object is created in heap? What part of the object is stored on heap } EDIT: What confuses me is, if pBar = new Foobar(); stores the object on the heap, how come int nLoc; and int pubVar;, that are components of the object stored on stack? Sounds contradictory to me. Shouldn't the lifetime of pubvar and pBar be the same?

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  • Java: ListA.addAll(ListB) fires NullPointerException?

    - by HH
    The err part is Capitalized in the code, it also comes in foreaching. Because of the abstract list, it cannot be initialized, declaration is in a static field. The lists have the same type. import java.util.*; public class Test { public static final List<String> highPrio = Arrays.asList("*","/"); public static List<String> ops; public static void main(String[] args) { //ERROR HERE, why do it throw nullPointer? ops.addAll(highPrio); for(String s : ops) { System.out.println(s); } } }

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  • LNK4221 and LNK4006 Warnings!

    - by user295030
    Hi, I basically making a static library of my own. I have taken my code which works and now put it into a static library for another program to use. In my library I am using another static library which I don't want the people who will be using my API to know. Since, I want to hide that information from them I can't tell them to install the other static library. Anyway, I used the command line Lib.exe to extract and create a smaller lib file of just the obj's I used. However, I get a bunch of "LNK4006 :second definition ignored" linker warnings for each obj I use followed by "LNK4221 no public symbols found;archive member will be inaccessible". I am doing this work in vs2008 and I am not sure what I am doing wrong. I am using the #pragma comment line in my .cpp file I have also modified the librarian to add my smaller .lib along with its location. my code simply makes calls to a couple functions which it should be able to get from those Obj file in the smaller lib. All my functions are implemented in .cpp file and my header just have the includes of the third party header files and come standard c++ header files. nothing fancy. I have actually no function definitions in there atm. I was going to put the API definition in there and implement that in the .cpp for this static lib that i was going to make. However, I just wanted to build my code before I added more to it. s Any help would be appreciated. is this a vs2008 configuration issue? or a program issue I am not sure. thanks for the help!

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  • What Design Pattern is this?

    - by 01
    I know that everything we do in programming can be described as design pattern(even abstract method has design pattern called template method) public class Guicer extends AbstractModule { private static Injector injector = Guice.createInjector(new Guicer()); public static void setInjector(Injector injector) { Guicer.injector = injector; } public static T getInstance(Class c) { return injector.getInstance(c); } @Override protected void configure() { } } What design patterns are used in this code?

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  • how can I get around no arrays as class constants in php?

    - by user151841
    I have a class with a static method. There is an array to check that a string argument passed is a member of a set. But, with the static method, I can't reference the class property in an uninstantiated class, nor can I have an array as a class constant. I suppose I could hard code the array in the static method, but then if I need to change it, I'd have to remember to change it in two places. I'd like to avoid this.

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  • Should we persist with an employee still writing bad code after many years?

    - by user94986
    I've been assigned the task of managing developers for a well-established company. They have a single developer who specialises in all their C++ coding (since forever), but the quality of the work is abysmal. Code reviews and testing have revealed many problems, one of the worst being memory leaks. The developer has never tested his code for leaks, and I discovered that the applications could leak many MBs with only a minute of use. User's were reporting huge slowdowns, and his take was, "it's nothing to do with me - if they quit and restart, it's all good again." I've given him tools to detect and trace the leaks, and sat down with him for many hours to demonstrate how the tools are used, where the problems occur, and what to do to fix them. We're 6 months down the track, and I assigned him to write a new module. I reviewed it before it was integrated into our larger code base, and was dismayed to discover the same bad coding as before. The part that I find incomprehensible is that some of the coding is worse than amateurish. For example, he wanted a class (Foo) that could populate an object of another class (Bar). He decided that Foo would hold a reference to Bar, e.g.: class Foo { public: Foo(Bar& bar) : m_bar(bar) {} private: Bar& m_bar; }; But (for other reasons) he also needed a default constructor for Foo and, rather than question his initial design, he wrote this gem: Foo::Foo() : m_bar(*(new Bar)) {} So every time the default constructor is called, a Bar is leaked. To make matters worse, Foo allocates memory from the heap for 2 other objects, but he didn't write a destructor or copy constructor. So every allocation of Foo actually leaks 3 different objects, and you can imagine what happened when a Foo was copied. And - it only gets better - he repeated the same pattern on three other classes, so it isn't a one-off slip. The whole concept is wrong on so many levels. I would feel more understanding if this came from a total novice. But this guy has been doing this for many years and has had very focussed training and advice over the past few months. I realise he has been working without mentoring or peer reviews most of that time, but I'm beginning to feel he can't change. So my question is, would you persist with someone who is writing such obviously bad code?

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  • C++0x class factory with variadic templates problem

    - by randomenglishbloke
    I have a class factory where I'm using variadic templates for the c'tor parameters (code below). However, when I attempt to use it, I get compile errors; when I originally wrote it without parameters, it worked fine. Here is the class: template< class Base, typename KeyType, class... Args > class GenericFactory { public: GenericFactory(const GenericFactory&) = delete; GenericFactory &operator=(const GenericFactory&) = delete; typedef Base* (*FactFunType)(Args...); template <class Derived> static void Register(const KeyType &key, FactFunType fn) { FnList[key] = fn; } static Base* Create(const KeyType &key, Args... args) { auto iter = FnList.find(key); if (iter == FnList.end()) return 0; else return (iter->second)(args...); } static GenericFactory &Instance() { static GenericFactory gf; return gf; } private: GenericFactory() = default; typedef std::unordered_map<KeyType, FactFunType> FnMap; static FnMap FnList; }; template <class B, class D, typename KeyType, class... Args> class RegisterClass { public: RegisterClass(const KeyType &key) { GenericFactory<B, KeyType, Args...>::Instance().Register(key, FactFn); } static B *FactFn(Args... args) { return new D(args...); } }; Here is the error: when calling (e.g.) // Tucked out of the way RegisterClass<DataMap, PDColumnMap, int, void *> RC_CT_PD(0); GCC 4.5.0 gives me: In constructor 'RegisterClass<B, D, KeyType, Args>::RegisterClass(const KeyType&) [with B = DataMap, D = PDColumnMap, KeyType = int, Args = {void*}]': no matching function for call to 'GenericFactory<DataMap, int, void*>::Register(const int&, DataMap* (&)(void*))' I can't see why it won't compile and after extensive googling I couldn't find the answer. Can anyone tell me what I'm doing wrong (aside from the strange variable name, which makes sense in context)?

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  • How do I use a graphics method to pass parameters? Example is below.

    - by sonny5
    private static void getCorners(out float Wx, out float Wy, out float Vx, out float Vy) { // note-- I don't know how to flip the Y axis using this method... this is not a "graphics" method // In other words, I should use something like: // flipY(object sender, System.EventArgs e); // but don't know the syntax or whatever // I tried to do this: //Graphics g = this.CreateGraphic //Matrix myMatrix2 = new Matrix(1, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0); // flip Y axis //g.Transform = myMatrix2; //g.TranslateTransform(0, 480, MatrixOrder.Append); // ...but I get the error: // error CS0026: Keyword 'this' is not valid in a static property, static method, or // static field initializer Wx = 1.00F; Wy = 1.00F; // make this 1.00 (not 3.00F) down from the TOP since cannot get Y flipped Vx = ((Wx- WXmin)*((VXmax-VXmin)+VXmin)/(WXmax-WXmin)); Vy = ((Wy-WYmin)*(VYmax-VYmin)/(WYmax-WYmin)+VYmin); } thanks, Sonny5

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  • storage classes

    - by ramyabanu
    what is the difference between a variable declared as an auto and static? what is the difference in allocation of memory in auto and static variable? why do we use static with array of pointers and what is its significance?

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  • Generate GUID from any string using C#

    - by Haitham Khedre
    Some times you need to generate GUID from a string which is not valid for GUID constructor . so what we will do is to get a valid input from string that the GUID constructor will accept it. It is recommended to be sure that the string that you will generate a GUID from it some how unique. The Idea is simple is to convert the string to 16 byte Array which the GUID constructor will accept it. The code will talk : using System; using System.Text; namespace StringToGUID { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { int tokenLength = 32; int guidByteSize = 16; string token = "BSNAItOawkSl07t77RKnMjYwYyG4bCt0g8DVDBv5m0"; byte[] b = new UTF8Encoding().GetBytes(token.Substring(token.Length - tokenLength, tokenLength).ToCharArray(), 0, guidByteSize); Guid g = new Guid(b); Console.WriteLine(g.ToString()); token = "BSNePf57YwhzeE9QfOyepPfIPao4UD5UohG_fI-#eda7d"; b = new UTF8Encoding().GetBytes(token.Substring(token.Length - tokenLength, tokenLength).ToCharArray(), 0, guidByteSize); g = new Guid(b); Console.WriteLine(g.ToString()); Console.Read(); } } } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }   And The output: 37306c53-3774-5237-4b6e-4d6a59775979 66513945-794f-7065-5066-4950616f3455

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  • JUnit Theories: Why can't I use Lists (instead of arrays) as DataPoints?

    - by MatrixFrog
    I've started using the new(ish) JUnit Theories feature for parameterizing tests. If your Theory is set up to take, for example, an Integer argument, the Theories test runner picks up any Integers marked with @DataPoint: @DataPoint public static Integer number = 0; as well as any Integers in arrays: @DataPoints public static Integer[] numbers = {1, 2, 3}; or even methods that return arrays like: @DataPoints public static Integer[] moreNumbers() { return new Integer[] {4, 5, 6};}; but not in Lists. The following does not work: @DataPoints public static List<Integer> numberList = Arrays.asList(7, 8, 9); Am I doing something wrong, or do Lists really not work? Was it a conscious design choice not to allow the use Lists as data points, or is that just a feature that hasn't been implemented yet? Are there plans to implement it in a future version of JUnit?

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  • How do I make this Java code operate properly? [Multi-threaded, race condition]

    - by Fixee
    I got this code from a student, and it does not work properly because of a race condition involving x++ and x--. He added synchronized to the run() method trying to get rid of this bug, but obviously this only excludes threads from entering run() on the same object (which was never a problem in the first place) but doesn't prevent independent objects from updating the same static variable x at the same time. public class DataRace implements Runnable { static volatile int x; public synchronized void run() { for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) { x++; x--; } } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Thread [] threads = new Thread[100]; for (int i = 0; i < threads.length; i++) threads[i] = new Thread(new DataRace()); for (int i = 0; i < threads.length; i++) threads[i].start(); for (int i = 0; i < threads.length; i++) threads[i].join(); System.out.println(x); // x not always 0! } } Since we cannot synchronize on x (because it is primitive), the best solution I can think of is to create a new static object like static String lock = ""; and enclose the x++ and x-- within a synchronized block, locking on lock. But this seems really awkward. Is there a better way?

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  • Do I need a Point and a Vector object? Or just using a Vector object to represent a Point is ok?

    - by JCM
    Structuring the components of an engine that I am developing along with a friend (learning purposes), I came to this doubt. Initially we had a Point constructor, like the following: var Point = function( x, y ) { this.x = x; this.y = y; }; But them we started to add some Vector math to it, and them decided to rename it to Vector2d. But now, some methods are a bit confusing (at least in my opinion), such as the following, which is used to make a line: //before the renaming of Point to Vector2, the parameters were startingPoint and endingPoint Geometry.Line = function( startingVector, endingVector ) { //... }; I should make a specific constructor for the Point object, or there are no problems in defining a point as a vector? I know a vector have magnitude and direction, but I see so many people using a vector to just represent the position of an object.

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  • Django template CSS/IMG is "off" in the URL

    - by erimar77
    I have /path/to/my/theme/static/css/frontend.css which is called by base.html <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{{ STATIC_URL }}css/frontend.css" media="all" /> In which I've got a background for the header: #header-wrapper min-width: 960px; height: 150px; background: transparent url(img/header-bg.png) repeat-x center bottom; } The file is /path/to/my/theme/static/img I've run manage.py collectstatic to gather the files and almost everything looks correct except the link generated looks like: http://example.com/static/css/img/header-bg.png In which the image does not show, because the correct URL is: http://example.com/static/img/header-bg.png Where am I going wrong??

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  • Magic squares, recursive

    - by user310827
    Hi, my problem is, I'm trying to permute all posibilities for a 3x3 square and check if the combination is magic. I've added a tweak with (n%3==0) if statement that if the sum of numbers in row differs from 15 it breaks the creation of other two lines... but it doesn't work. Any suggestions? I call the function with Permute(1). public static class Global { //int[] j = new int[6]; public static int[] a= {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}; public static int[] b= {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}; public static int count = 0; } public static void Permute(int n) { int tmp=n-1; for (int i=0;i<9;i++){ if (Global.b[i]==0 ) { Global.b[i]=1; Global.a[n-1]=i+1; if ((n % 3) == 0) { if (Global.a[0+tmp]+Global.a[1+tmp]+Global.a[2+tmp] == 15) { if (n<9) { Permute(n+1); } else { isMagic(Global.a); } } else break; } else { Permute(n+1); } Global.b[i]=0; } } }

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  • Where to declare variable? C#

    - by user1303781
    I am trying to make an average function... 'Total' adds them, then 'Total' is divided by n, the number of entries... No matter where I put 'double Total;', I get an error message. In this example I get... Use of unassigned local variable 'Total' If I put it before the comment, both references show up as error... I'm sure it's something simple..... namespace frmAssignment3 { class StatisticalFunctions { public static class Statistics { //public static double Average(List<MachineData.MachineRecord> argMachineDataList) public static double Average(List<double> argMachineDataList) { double Total; int n; for (n = 1; n <= argMachineDataList.Count; n++) { Total = argMachineDataList[n]; } return Total / n; } public static double StDevSample(List<MachineData.MachineRecord> argMachineDataList) { return -1; } } } }

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  • junit test error - ClassCastException

    - by Josepth Vodary
    When trying to run a junit test I get the following error - java.lang.ClassCastException: business.Factory cannot be cast to services.itemservice.IItemsService at business.ItemManager.get(ItemManager.java:56) at business.ItemMgrTest.testGet(ItemMgrTest.java:49) The specific test that is causing the problem is @Test public void testGet() { Assert.assertTrue(itemmgr.get(items)); } The code it is testing is... public boolean get(Items item) { boolean gotItems = false; Factory factory = Factory.getInstance(); @SuppressWarnings("static-access") IItemsService getItem = (IItemsService)factory.getInstance(); try { getItem.getItems("pens", 15, "red", "gel"); gotItems = true; } catch (ItemNotFoundException e) { // catch e.printStackTrace(); System.out.println("Error - Item Not Found"); } return gotItems; } The test to store items, which is nearly identical, works just fine... The factory class is.. public class Factory { private Factory() {} private static Factory Factory = new Factory(); public static Factory getInstance() {return Factory;} public static IService getService(String serviceName) throws ServiceLoadException { try { Class<?> c = Class.forName(getImplName(serviceName)); return (IService)c.newInstance(); } catch (Exception e) { throw new ServiceLoadException(serviceName + "not loaded"); } } private static String getImplName (String serviceName) throws Exception { java.util.Properties props = new java.util.Properties(); java.io.FileInputStream fis = new java.io.FileInputStream("config\\application.properties"); props.load(fis); fis.close(); return props.getProperty(serviceName); } }

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  • Avoiding instanceof in Java

    - by Mark Lutton
    Having a chain of "instanceof" operations is considered a "code smell". The standard answer is "use polymorphism". How would I do it in this case? There are a number of subclasses of a base class; none of them are under my control. An analogous situation would be with the Java classes Integer, Double, BigDecimal etc. if (obj instanceof Integer) {NumberStuff.handle((Integer)obj);} else if (obj instanceof BigDecimal) {BigDecimalStuff.handle((BigDecimal)obj);} else if (obj instanceof Double) {DoubleStuff.handle((Double)obj);} I do have control over NumberStuff and so on. I don't want to use many lines of code where a few lines would do. (Sometimes I make a HashMap mapping Integer.class to an instance of IntegerStuff, BigDecimal.class to an instance of BigDecimalStuff etc. But today I want something simpler.) I'd like something as simple as this: public static handle(Integer num) { ... } public static handle(BigDecimal num) { ... } But Java just doesn't work that way. I'd like to use static methods when formatting. The things I'm formatting are composite, where a Thing1 can contain an array Thing2s and a Thing2 can contain an array of Thing1s. I had a problem when I implemented my formatters like this: class Thing1Formatter { private static Thing2Formatter thing2Formatter = new Thing2Formatter(); public format(Thing thing) { thing2Formatter.format(thing.innerThing2); } } class Thing2Formatter { private static Thing1Formatter thing1Formatter = new Thing1Formatter(); public format(Thing2 thing) { thing1Formatter.format(thing.innerThing1); } } Yes, I know the HashMap and a bit more code can fix that too. But the "instanceof" seems so readable and maintainable by comparison. Is there anything simple but not smelly?

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