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• A free standing ASP.NET Pager Web Control

  - by Rick Strahl

  Paging in ASP.NET has been relatively easy with stock controls supporting basic paging functionality. However, recently I built an MVC application and one of the things I ran into was that I HAD TO build manual paging support into a few of my pages. Dealing with list controls and rendering markup is easy enough, but doing paging is a little more involved. I ended up with a small but flexible component that can be dropped anywhere. As it turns out the task of creating a semi-generic Pager control for MVC was fairly easily. Now I’m back to working in Web Forms and thought to myself that the way I created the pager in MVC actually would also work in ASP.NET – in fact quite a bit easier since the whole thing can be conveniently wrapped up into an easily reusable control. A standalone pager would provider easier reuse in various pages and a more consistent pager display regardless of what kind of 'control’ the pager is associated with. Why a Pager Control? At first blush it might sound silly to create a new pager control – after all Web Forms has pretty decent paging support, doesn’t it? Well, sort of. Yes the GridView control has automatic paging built in and the ListView control has the related DataPager control. The built in ASP.NET paging has several issues though: Postback and JavaScript requirements If you look at paging links in ASP.NET they are always postback links with javascript:__doPostback() calls that go back to the server. While that works fine and actually has some benefit like the fact that paging saves changes to the page and post them back, it’s not very SEO friendly. Basically if you use javascript based navigation nosearch engine will follow the paging links which effectively cuts off list content on the first page. The DataPager control does support GET based links via the QueryStringParameter property, but the control is effectively tied to the ListView control (which is the only control that implements IPageableItemContainer). DataSource Controls required for Efficient Data Paging Retrieval The only way you can get paging to work efficiently where only the few records you display on the page are queried for and retrieved from the database you have to use a DataSource control - only the Linq and Entity DataSource controls  support this natively. While you can retrieve this data yourself manually, there’s no way to just assign the page number and render the pager based on this custom subset. Other than that default paging requires a full resultset for ASP.NET to filter the data and display only a subset which can be very resource intensive and wasteful if you’re dealing with largish resultsets (although I’m a firm believer in returning actually usable sets :-}). If you use your own business layer that doesn’t fit an ObjectDataSource you’re SOL. That’s a real shame too because with LINQ based querying it’s real easy to retrieve a subset of data that is just the data you want to display but the native Pager functionality doesn’t support just setting properties to display just the subset AFAIK. DataPager is not Free Standing The DataPager control is the closest thing to a decent Pager implementation that ASP.NET has, but alas it’s not a free standing component – it works off a related control and the only one that it effectively supports from the stock ASP.NET controls is the ListView control. This means you can’t use the same data pager formatting for a grid and a list view or vice versa and you’re always tied to the control. Paging Events In order to handle paging you have to deal with paging events. The events fire at specific time instances in the page pipeline and because of this you often have to handle data binding in a way to work around the paging events or else end up double binding your data sources based on paging. Yuk. Styling The GridView pager is a royal pain to beat into submission for styled rendering. The DataPager control has many more options and template layout and it renders somewhat cleaner, but it too is not exactly easy to get a decent display for. Not a Generic Solution The problem with the ASP.NET controls too is that it’s not generic. GridView, DataGrid use their own internal paging, ListView can use a DataPager and if you want to manually create data layout – well you’re on your own. IOW, depending on what you use you likely have very different looking Paging experiences. So, I figured I’ve struggled with this once too many and finally sat down and built a Pager control. The Pager Control My goal was to create a totally free standing control that has no dependencies on other controls and certainly no requirements for using DataSource controls. The idea is that you should be able to use this pager control without any sort of data requirements at all – you should just be able to set properties and be able to display a pager. The Pager control I ended up with has the following features: Completely free standing Pager control – no control or data dependencies Complete manual control – Pager can render without any data dependency Easy to use: Only need to set PageSize, ActivePage and TotalItems Supports optional filtering of IQueryable for efficient queries and Pager rendering Supports optional full set filtering of IEnumerable<T> and DataTable Page links are plain HTTP GET href Links Control automatically picks up Page links on the URL and assigns them (automatic page detection no page index changing events to hookup) Full CSS Styling support On the downside there’s no templating support for the control so the layout of the pager is relatively fixed. All elements however are stylable and there are options to control the text, and layout options such as whether to display first and last pages and the previous/next buttons and so on. To give you an idea what the pager looks like, here are two differently styled examples (all via CSS):   The markup for these two pagers looks like this: <ww:Pager runat="server" id="ItemPager" PageSize="5" PageLinkCssClass="gridpagerbutton" SelectedPageCssClass="gridpagerbutton-selected" PagesTextCssClass="gridpagertext" CssClass="gridpager" RenderContainerDiv="true" ContainerDivCssClass="gridpagercontainer" MaxPagesToDisplay="6" PagesText="Item Pages:" NextText="next" PreviousText="previous" /> <ww:Pager runat="server" id="ItemPager2" PageSize="5" RenderContainerDiv="true" MaxPagesToDisplay="6" /> The latter example uses default style settings so it there’s not much to set. The first example on the other hand explicitly assigns custom styles and overrides a few of the formatting options. Styling The styling is based on a number of CSS classes of which the the main pager, pagerbutton and pagerbutton-selected classes are the important ones. Other styles like pagerbutton-next/prev/first/last are based on the pagerbutton style. The default styling shown for the red outlined pager looks like this: .pagercontainer { margin: 20px 0; background: whitesmoke; padding: 5px; } .pager { float: right; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; } .pagerbutton,.pagerbutton-selected,.pagertext { display: block; float: left; text-align: center; border: solid 2px maroon; min-width: 18px; margin-left: 3px; text-decoration: none; padding: 4px; } .pagerbutton-selected { font-size: 130%; font-weight: bold; color: maroon; border-width: 0px; background: khaki; } .pagerbutton-first { margin-right: 12px; } .pagerbutton-last,.pagerbutton-prev { margin-left: 12px; } .pagertext { border: none; margin-left: 30px; font-weight: bold; } .pagerbutton a { text-decoration: none; } .pagerbutton:hover { background-color: maroon; color: cornsilk; } .pagerbutton-prev { background-image: url(images/prev.png); background-position: 2px center; background-repeat: no-repeat; width: 35px; padding-left: 20px; } .pagerbutton-next { background-image: url(images/next.png); background-position: 40px center; background-repeat: no-repeat; width: 35px; padding-right: 20px; margin-right: 0px; } Yup that’s a lot of styling settings although not all of them are required. The key ones are pagerbutton, pager and pager selection. The others (which are implicitly created by the control based on the pagerbutton style) are for custom markup of the ‘special’ buttons. In my apps I tend to have two kinds of pages: Those that are associated with typical ‘grid’ displays that display purely tabular data and those that have a more looser list like layout. The two pagers shown above represent these two views and the pager and gridpager styles in my standard style sheet reflect these two styles. Configuring the Pager with Code Finally lets look at what it takes to hook up the pager. As mentioned in the highlights the Pager control is completely independent of other controls so if you just want to display a pager on its own it’s as simple as dropping the control and assigning the PageSize, ActivePage and either TotalPages or TotalItems. So for this markup: <ww:Pager runat="server" id="ItemPagerManual" PageSize="5" MaxPagesToDisplay="6" /> I can use code as simple as: ItemPagerManual.PageSize = 3; ItemPagerManual.ActivePage = 4;ItemPagerManual.TotalItems = 20; Note that ActivePage is not required - it will automatically use any Page=x query string value and assign it, although you can override it as I did above. TotalItems can be any value that you retrieve from a result set or manually assign as I did above. A more realistic scenario based on a LINQ to SQL IQueryable result is even easier. In this example, I have a UserControl that contains a ListView control that renders IQueryable data. I use a User Control here because there are different views the user can choose from with each view being a different user control. This incidentally also highlights one of the nice features of the pager: Because the pager is independent of the control I can put the pager on the host page instead of into each of the user controls. IOW, there’s only one Pager control, but there are potentially many user controls/listviews that hold the actual display data. The following code demonstrates how to use the Pager with an IQueryable that loads only the records it displays: protected voidPage_Load(objectsender, EventArgs e) {     Category = Request.Params["Category"] ?? string.Empty;     IQueryable<wws_Item> ItemList = ItemRepository.GetItemsByCategory(Category);     // Update the page and filter the list down     ItemList = ItemPager.FilterIQueryable<wws_Item>(ItemList); // Render user control with a list view Control ulItemList = LoadControl("~/usercontrols/" + App.Configuration.ItemListType + ".ascx"); ((IInventoryItemListControl)ulItemList).InventoryItemList = ItemList; phItemList.Controls.Add(ulItemList); // placeholder } The code uses a business object to retrieve Items by category as an IQueryable which means that the result is only an expression tree that hasn’t execute SQL yet and can be further filtered. I then pass this IQueryable to the FilterIQueryable() helper method of the control which does two main things: Filters the IQueryable to retrieve only the data displayed on the active page Sets the Totaltems property and calculates TotalPages on the Pager and that’s it! When the Pager renders it uses those values, plus the PageSize and ActivePage properties to render the Pager. In addition to IQueryable there are also filter methods for IEnumerable<T> and DataTable, but these versions just filter the data by removing rows/items from the entire already retrieved data. Output Generated and Paging Links The output generated creates pager links as plain href links. Here’s what the output looks like: <div id="ItemPager" class="pagercontainer"> <div class="pager"> <span class="pagertext">Pages: </span><a href="http://localhost/WestWindWebStore/itemlist.aspx?Page=1" class="pagerbutton" />1</a> <a href="http://localhost/WestWindWebStore/itemlist.aspx?Page=2" class="pagerbutton" />2</a> <a href="http://localhost/WestWindWebStore/itemlist.aspx?Page=3" class="pagerbutton" />3</a> <span class="pagerbutton-selected">4</span> <a href="http://localhost/WestWindWebStore/itemlist.aspx?Page=5" class="pagerbutton" />5</a> <a href="http://localhost/WestWindWebStore/itemlist.aspx?Page=6" class="pagerbutton" />6</a> <a href="http://localhost/WestWindWebStore/itemlist.aspx?Page=20" class="pagerbutton pagerbutton-last" />20</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://localhost/WestWindWebStore/itemlist.aspx?Page=3" class="pagerbutton pagerbutton-prev" />Prev</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://localhost/WestWindWebStore/itemlist.aspx?Page=5" class="pagerbutton pagerbutton-next" />Next</a></div> <br clear="all" /> </div> </div> The links point back to the current page and simply append a Page= page link into the page. When the page gets reloaded with the new page number the pager automatically detects the page number and automatically assigns the ActivePage property which results in the appropriate page to be displayed. The code shown in the previous section is all that’s needed to handle paging. Note that HTTP GET based paging is different than the Postback paging ASP.NET uses by default. Postback paging preserves modified page content when clicking on pager buttons, but this control will simply load a new page – no page preservation at this time. The advantage of not using Postback paging is that the URLs generated are plain HTML links that a search engine can follow where __doPostback() links are not. Pager with a Grid The pager also works in combination with grid controls so it’s easy to bypass the grid control’s paging features if desired. In the following example I use a gridView control and binds it to a DataTable result which is also filterable by the Pager control. The very basic plain vanilla ASP.NET grid markup looks like this: <div style="width: 600px; margin: 0 auto;padding: 20px; "> <asp:DataGrid runat="server" AutoGenerateColumns="True" ID="gdItems" CssClass="blackborder" style="width: 600px;"> <AlternatingItemStyle CssClass="gridalternate" /> <HeaderStyle CssClass="gridheader" /> </asp:DataGrid> <ww:Pager runat="server" ID="Pager" CssClass="gridpager" ContainerDivCssClass="gridpagercontainer" PageLinkCssClass="gridpagerbutton" SelectedPageCssClass="gridpagerbutton-selected" PageSize="8" RenderContainerDiv="true" MaxPagesToDisplay="6" /> </div> and looks like this when rendered: using custom set of CSS styles. The code behind for this code is also very simple: protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { string category = Request.Params["category"] ?? ""; busItem itemRep = WebStoreFactory.GetItem(); var items = itemRep.GetItemsByCategory(category) .Select(itm => new {Sku = itm.Sku, Description = itm.Description}); // run query into a DataTable for demonstration DataTable dt = itemRep.Converter.ToDataTable(items,"TItems"); // Remove all items not on the current page dt = Pager.FilterDataTable(dt,0); // bind and display gdItems.DataSource = dt; gdItems.DataBind(); } A little contrived I suppose since the list could already be bound from the list of elements, but this is to demonstrate that you can also bind against a DataTable if your business layer returns those. Unfortunately there’s no way to filter a DataReader as it’s a one way forward only reader and the reader is required by the DataSource to perform the bindings.  However, you can still use a DataReader as long as your business logic filters the data prior to rendering and provides a total item count (most likely as a second query). Control Creation The control itself is a pretty brute force ASP.NET control. Nothing clever about this other than some basic rendering logic and some simple calculations and update routines to determine which buttons need to be shown. You can take a look at the full code from the West Wind Web Toolkit’s Repository (note there are a few dependencies). To give you an idea how the control works here is the Render() method: /// <summary> /// overridden to handle custom pager rendering for runtime and design time /// </summary> /// <param name="writer"></param> protected override void Render(HtmlTextWriter writer) { base.Render(writer); if (TotalPages == 0 && TotalItems > 0) TotalPages = CalculateTotalPagesFromTotalItems(); if (DesignMode) TotalPages = 10; // don't render pager if there's only one page if (TotalPages < 2) return; if (RenderContainerDiv) { if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(ContainerDivCssClass)) writer.AddAttribute("class", ContainerDivCssClass); writer.RenderBeginTag("div"); } // main pager wrapper writer.WriteBeginTag("div"); writer.AddAttribute("id", this.ClientID); if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(CssClass)) writer.WriteAttribute("class", this.CssClass); writer.Write(HtmlTextWriter.TagRightChar + "\r\n"); // Pages Text writer.WriteBeginTag("span"); if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(PagesTextCssClass)) writer.WriteAttribute("class", PagesTextCssClass); writer.Write(HtmlTextWriter.TagRightChar); writer.Write(this.PagesText); writer.WriteEndTag("span"); // if the base url is empty use the current URL FixupBaseUrl(); // set _startPage and _endPage ConfigurePagesToRender(); // write out first page link if (ShowFirstAndLastPageLinks && _startPage != 1) { writer.WriteBeginTag("a"); string pageUrl = StringUtils.SetUrlEncodedKey(BaseUrl, QueryStringPageField, (1).ToString()); writer.WriteAttribute("href", pageUrl); if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(PageLinkCssClass)) writer.WriteAttribute("class", PageLinkCssClass + " " + PageLinkCssClass + "-first"); writer.Write(HtmlTextWriter.SelfClosingTagEnd); writer.Write("1"); writer.WriteEndTag("a"); writer.Write("&nbsp;"); } // write out all the page links for (int i = _startPage; i < _endPage + 1; i++) { if (i == ActivePage) { writer.WriteBeginTag("span"); if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(SelectedPageCssClass)) writer.WriteAttribute("class", SelectedPageCssClass); writer.Write(HtmlTextWriter.TagRightChar); writer.Write(i.ToString()); writer.WriteEndTag("span"); } else { writer.WriteBeginTag("a"); string pageUrl = StringUtils.SetUrlEncodedKey(BaseUrl, QueryStringPageField, i.ToString()).TrimEnd('&'); writer.WriteAttribute("href", pageUrl); if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(PageLinkCssClass)) writer.WriteAttribute("class", PageLinkCssClass); writer.Write(HtmlTextWriter.SelfClosingTagEnd); writer.Write(i.ToString()); writer.WriteEndTag("a"); } writer.Write("\r\n"); } // write out last page link if (ShowFirstAndLastPageLinks && _endPage < TotalPages) { writer.WriteBeginTag("a"); string pageUrl = StringUtils.SetUrlEncodedKey(BaseUrl, QueryStringPageField, TotalPages.ToString()); writer.WriteAttribute("href", pageUrl); if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(PageLinkCssClass)) writer.WriteAttribute("class", PageLinkCssClass + " " + PageLinkCssClass + "-last"); writer.Write(HtmlTextWriter.SelfClosingTagEnd); writer.Write(TotalPages.ToString()); writer.WriteEndTag("a"); } // Previous link if (ShowPreviousNextLinks && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(PreviousText) && ActivePage > 1) { writer.Write("&nbsp;"); writer.WriteBeginTag("a"); string pageUrl = StringUtils.SetUrlEncodedKey(BaseUrl, QueryStringPageField, (ActivePage - 1).ToString()); writer.WriteAttribute("href", pageUrl); if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(PageLinkCssClass)) writer.WriteAttribute("class", PageLinkCssClass + " " + PageLinkCssClass + "-prev"); writer.Write(HtmlTextWriter.SelfClosingTagEnd); writer.Write(PreviousText); writer.WriteEndTag("a"); } // Next link if (ShowPreviousNextLinks && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(NextText) && ActivePage < TotalPages) { writer.Write("&nbsp;"); writer.WriteBeginTag("a"); string pageUrl = StringUtils.SetUrlEncodedKey(BaseUrl, QueryStringPageField, (ActivePage + 1).ToString()); writer.WriteAttribute("href", pageUrl); if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(PageLinkCssClass)) writer.WriteAttribute("class", PageLinkCssClass + " " + PageLinkCssClass + "-next"); writer.Write(HtmlTextWriter.SelfClosingTagEnd); writer.Write(NextText); writer.WriteEndTag("a"); } writer.WriteEndTag("div"); if (RenderContainerDiv) { if (RenderContainerDivBreak) writer.Write("<br clear=\"all\" />\r\n"); writer.WriteEndTag("div"); } } As I said pretty much brute force rendering based on the control’s property settings of which there are quite a few: You can also see the pager in the designer above. unfortunately the VS designer (both 2010 and 2008) fails to render the float: left CSS styles properly and starts wrapping after margins are applied in the special buttons. Not a big deal since VS does at least respect the spacing (the floated elements overlay). Then again I’m not using the designer anyway :-}. Filtering Data What makes the Pager easy to use is the filter methods built into the control. While this functionality is clearly not the most politically correct design choice as it violates separation of concerns, it’s very useful for typical pager operation. While I actually have filter methods that do something similar in my business layer, having it exposed on the control makes the control a lot more useful for typical databinding scenarios. Of course these methods are optional – if you have a business layer that can provide filtered page queries for you can use that instead and assign the TotalItems property manually. There are three filter method types available for IQueryable, IEnumerable and for DataTable which tend to be the most common use cases in my apps old and new. The IQueryable version is pretty simple as it can simply rely on on .Skip() and .Take() with LINQ: /// <summary> /// <summary> /// Queries the database for the ActivePage applied manually /// or from the Request["page"] variable. This routine /// figures out and sets TotalPages, ActivePage and /// returns a filtered subset IQueryable that contains /// only the items from the ActivePage. /// </summary> /// <param name="query"></param> /// <param name="activePage"> /// The page you want to display. Sets the ActivePage property when passed. /// Pass 0 or smaller to use ActivePage setting. /// </param> /// <returns></returns> public IQueryable<T> FilterIQueryable<T>(IQueryable<T> query, int activePage) where T : class, new() { ActivePage = activePage < 1 ? ActivePage : activePage; if (ActivePage < 1) ActivePage = 1; TotalItems = query.Count(); if (TotalItems <= PageSize) { ActivePage = 1; TotalPages = 1; return query; } int skip = ActivePage - 1; if (skip > 0) query = query.Skip(skip * PageSize); _TotalPages = CalculateTotalPagesFromTotalItems(); return query.Take(PageSize); } The IEnumerable<T> version simply  converts the IEnumerable to an IQuerable and calls back into this method for filtering. The DataTable version requires a little more work to manually parse and filter records (I didn’t want to add the Linq DataSetExtensions assembly just for this): /// <summary> /// Filters a data table for an ActivePage. /// /// Note: Modifies the data set permanently by remove DataRows /// </summary> /// <param name="dt">Full result DataTable</param> /// <param name="activePage">Page to display. 0 to use ActivePage property </param> /// <returns></returns> public DataTable FilterDataTable(DataTable dt, int activePage) { ActivePage = activePage < 1 ? ActivePage : activePage; if (ActivePage < 1) ActivePage = 1; TotalItems = dt.Rows.Count; if (TotalItems <= PageSize) { ActivePage = 1; TotalPages = 1; return dt; } int skip = ActivePage - 1; if (skip > 0) { for (int i = 0; i < skip * PageSize; i++ ) dt.Rows.RemoveAt(0); } while(dt.Rows.Count > PageSize) dt.Rows.RemoveAt(PageSize); return dt; } Using the Pager Control The pager as it is is a first cut I built a couple of weeks ago and since then have been tweaking a little as part of an internal project I’m working on. I’ve replaced a bunch of pagers on various older pages with this pager without any issues and have what now feels like a more consistent user interface where paging looks and feels the same across different controls. As a bonus I’m only loading the data from the database that I need to display a single page. With the preset class tags applied too adding a pager is now as easy as dropping the control and adding the style sheet for styling to be consistent – no fuss, no muss. Schweet. Hopefully some of you may find this as useful as I have or at least as a baseline to build ontop of… Resources The Pager is part of the West Wind Web & Ajax Toolkit Pager.cs Source Code (some toolkit dependencies) Westwind.css base stylesheet with .pager and .gridpager styles Pager Example Page © Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2010Posted in ASP.NET  

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• How LINQ to Object statements work

  - by rajbk

  This post goes into detail as to now LINQ statements work when querying a collection of objects. This topic assumes you have an understanding of how generics, delegates, implicitly typed variables, lambda expressions, object/collection initializers, extension methods and the yield statement work. I would also recommend you read my previous two posts: Using Delegates in C# Part 1 Using Delegates in C# Part 2 We will start by writing some methods to filter a collection of data. Assume we have an Employee class like so: 1: public class Employee { 2: public int ID { get; set;} 3: public string FirstName { get; set;} 4: public string LastName {get; set;} 5: public string Country { get; set; } 6: } and a collection of employees like so: 1: var employees = new List<Employee> { 2: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 3: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 4: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 5: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" }, 6: }; Filtering We wish to  find all employees that have an even ID. We could start off by writing a method that takes in a list of employees and returns a filtered list of employees with an even ID. 1: static List<Employee> GetEmployeesWithEvenID(List<Employee> employees) { 2: var filteredEmployees = new List<Employee>(); 3: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 4: if (emp.ID % 2 == 0) { 5: filteredEmployees.Add(emp); 6: } 7: } 8: return filteredEmployees; 9: } The method can be rewritten to return an IEnumerable<Employee> using the yield return keyword. 1: static IEnumerable<Employee> GetEmployeesWithEvenID(IEnumerable<Employee> employees) { 2: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 3: if (emp.ID % 2 == 0) { 4: yield return emp; 5: } 6: } 7: } We put these together in a console application. 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3: //No System.Linq 4:  5: public class Program 6: { 7: [STAThread] 8: static void Main(string[] args) 9: { 10: var employees = new List<Employee> { 11: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 13: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 14: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" }, 15: }; 16: var filteredEmployees = GetEmployeesWithEvenID(employees); 17:  18: foreach (Employee emp in filteredEmployees) { 19: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} First_Name {1} Last_Name {2} Country {3}", 20: emp.ID, emp.FirstName, emp.LastName, emp.Country); 21: } 22:  23: Console.ReadLine(); 24: } 25: 26: static IEnumerable<Employee> GetEmployeesWithEvenID(IEnumerable<Employee> employees) { 27: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 28: if (emp.ID % 2 == 0) { 29: yield return emp; 30: } 31: } 32: } 33: } 34:  35: public class Employee { 36: public int ID { get; set;} 37: public string FirstName { get; set;} 38: public string LastName {get; set;} 39: public string Country { get; set; } 40: } Output: ID 2 First_Name Jim Last_Name Ashlock Country UK ID 4 First_Name Jill Last_Name Anderson Country AUS Our filtering method is too specific. Let us change it so that it is capable of doing different types of filtering and lets give our method the name Where ;-) We will add another parameter to our Where method. This additional parameter will be a delegate with the following declaration. public delegate bool Filter(Employee emp); The idea is that the delegate parameter in our Where method will point to a method that contains the logic to do our filtering thereby freeing our Where method from any dependency. The method is shown below: 1: static IEnumerable<Employee> Where(IEnumerable<Employee> employees, Filter filter) { 2: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 3: if (filter(emp)) { 4: yield return emp; 5: } 6: } 7: } Making the change to our app, we create a new instance of the Filter delegate on line 14 with a target set to the method EmployeeHasEvenId. Running the code will produce the same output. 1: public delegate bool Filter(Employee emp); 2:  3: public class Program 4: { 5: [STAThread] 6: static void Main(string[] args) 7: { 8: var employees = new List<Employee> { 9: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 13: }; 14: var filterDelegate = new Filter(EmployeeHasEvenId); 15: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, filterDelegate); 16:  17: foreach (Employee emp in filteredEmployees) { 18: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} First_Name {1} Last_Name {2} Country {3}", 19: emp.ID, emp.FirstName, emp.LastName, emp.Country); 20: } 21: Console.ReadLine(); 22: } 23: 24: static bool EmployeeHasEvenId(Employee emp) { 25: return emp.ID % 2 == 0; 26: } 27: 28: static IEnumerable<Employee> Where(IEnumerable<Employee> employees, Filter filter) { 29: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 30: if (filter(emp)) { 31: yield return emp; 32: } 33: } 34: } 35: } 36:  37: public class Employee { 38: public int ID { get; set;} 39: public string FirstName { get; set;} 40: public string LastName {get; set;} 41: public string Country { get; set; } 42: } Lets use lambda expressions to inline the contents of the EmployeeHasEvenId method in place of the method. The next code snippet shows this change (see line 15).  For brevity, the Employee class declaration has been skipped. 1: public delegate bool Filter(Employee emp); 2:  3: public class Program 4: { 5: [STAThread] 6: static void Main(string[] args) 7: { 8: var employees = new List<Employee> { 9: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 13: }; 14: var filterDelegate = new Filter(EmployeeHasEvenId); 15: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0); 16:  17: foreach (Employee emp in filteredEmployees) { 18: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} First_Name {1} Last_Name {2} Country {3}", 19: emp.ID, emp.FirstName, emp.LastName, emp.Country); 20: } 21: Console.ReadLine(); 22: } 23: 24: static bool EmployeeHasEvenId(Employee emp) { 25: return emp.ID % 2 == 0; 26: } 27: 28: static IEnumerable<Employee> Where(IEnumerable<Employee> employees, Filter filter) { 29: foreach (Employee emp in employees) { 30: if (filter(emp)) { 31: yield return emp; 32: } 33: } 34: } 35: } 36:  The output displays the same two employees.  Our Where method is too restricted since it works with a collection of Employees only. Lets change it so that it works with any IEnumerable<T>. In addition, you may recall from my previous post,  that .NET 3.5 comes with a lot of predefined delegates including public delegate TResult Func<T, TResult>(T arg); We will get rid of our Filter delegate and use the one above instead. We apply these two changes to our code. 1: public class Program 2: { 3: [STAThread] 4: static void Main(string[] args) 5: { 6: var employees = new List<Employee> { 7: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 8: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 9: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 11: }; 12:  13: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0); 14:  15: foreach (Employee emp in filteredEmployees) { 16: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} First_Name {1} Last_Name {2} Country {3}", 17: emp.ID, emp.FirstName, emp.LastName, emp.Country); 18: } 19: Console.ReadLine(); 20: } 21: 22: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 23: foreach (var x in source) { 24: if (filter(x)) { 25: yield return x; 26: } 27: } 28: } 29: } We have successfully implemented a way to filter any IEnumerable<T> based on a  filter criteria. Projection Now lets enumerate on the items in the IEnumerable<Employee> we got from the Where method and copy them into a new IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted>. The EmployeeFormatted class will only have a FullName and ID property. 1: public class EmployeeFormatted { 2: public int ID { get; set; } 3: public string FullName {get; set;} 4: } We could “project” our existing IEnumerable<Employee> into a new collection of IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted> with the help of a new method. We will call this method Select ;-) 1: static IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted> Select(IEnumerable<Employee> employees) { 2: foreach (var emp in employees) { 3: yield return new EmployeeFormatted { 4: ID = emp.ID, 5: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 6: }; 7: } 8: } The changes are applied to our app. 1: public class Program 2: { 3: [STAThread] 4: static void Main(string[] args) 5: { 6: var employees = new List<Employee> { 7: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 8: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 9: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 11: }; 12:  13: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0); 14: var formattedEmployees = Select(filteredEmployees); 15:  16: foreach (EmployeeFormatted emp in formattedEmployees) { 17: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 18: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 19: } 20: Console.ReadLine(); 21: } 22:  23: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 24: foreach (var x in source) { 25: if (filter(x)) { 26: yield return x; 27: } 28: } 29: } 30: 31: static IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted> Select(IEnumerable<Employee> employees) { 32: foreach (var emp in employees) { 33: yield return new EmployeeFormatted { 34: ID = emp.ID, 35: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 36: }; 37: } 38: } 39: } 40:  41: public class Employee { 42: public int ID { get; set;} 43: public string FirstName { get; set;} 44: public string LastName {get; set;} 45: public string Country { get; set; } 46: } 47:  48: public class EmployeeFormatted { 49: public int ID { get; set; } 50: public string FullName {get; set;} 51: } Output: ID 2 Full_Name Ashlock, Jim ID 4 Full_Name Anderson, Jill We have successfully selected employees who have an even ID and then shaped our data with the help of the Select method so that the final result is an IEnumerable<EmployeeFormatted>.  Lets make our Select method more generic so that the user is given the freedom to shape what the output would look like. We can do this, like before, with lambda expressions. Our Select method is changed to accept a delegate as shown below. TSource will be the type of data that comes in and TResult will be the type the user chooses (shape of data) as returned from the selector delegate. 1:  2: static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 3: foreach (var x in source) { 4: yield return selector(x); 5: } 6: } We see the new changes to our app. On line 15, we use lambda expression to specify the shape of the data. In this case the shape will be of type EmployeeFormatted. 1:  2: public class Program 3: { 4: [STAThread] 5: static void Main(string[] args) 6: { 7: var employees = new List<Employee> { 8: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 9: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 10: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 12: }; 13:  14: var filteredEmployees = Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0); 15: var formattedEmployees = Select(filteredEmployees, (emp) => 16: new EmployeeFormatted { 17: ID = emp.ID, 18: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 19: }); 20:  21: foreach (EmployeeFormatted emp in formattedEmployees) { 22: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 23: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 24: } 25: Console.ReadLine(); 26: } 27: 28: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 29: foreach (var x in source) { 30: if (filter(x)) { 31: yield return x; 32: } 33: } 34: } 35: 36: static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 37: foreach (var x in source) { 38: yield return selector(x); 39: } 40: } 41: } The code outputs the same result as before. On line 14 we filter our data and on line 15 we project our data. What if we wanted to be more expressive and concise? We could combine both line 14 and 15 into one line as shown below. Assuming you had to perform several operations like this on our collection, you would end up with some very unreadable code! 1: var formattedEmployees = Select(Where(employees, emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0), (emp) => 2: new EmployeeFormatted { 3: ID = emp.ID, 4: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 5: }); A cleaner way to write this would be to give the appearance that the Select and Where methods were part of the IEnumerable<T>. This is exactly what extension methods give us. Extension methods have to be defined in a static class. Let us make the Select and Where extension methods on IEnumerable<T> 1: public static class MyExtensionMethods { 2: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 3: foreach (var x in source) { 4: if (filter(x)) { 5: yield return x; 6: } 7: } 8: } 9: 10: static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 11: foreach (var x in source) { 12: yield return selector(x); 13: } 14: } 15: } The creation of the extension method makes the syntax much cleaner as shown below. We can write as many extension methods as we want and keep on chaining them using this technique. 1: var formattedEmployees = employees 2: .Where(emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0) 3: .Select (emp => new EmployeeFormatted { ID = emp.ID, FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName }); Making these changes and running our code produces the same result. 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3:  4: public class Program 5: { 6: [STAThread] 7: static void Main(string[] args) 8: { 9: var employees = new List<Employee> { 10: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 13: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 14: }; 15:  16: var formattedEmployees = employees 17: .Where(emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0) 18: .Select (emp => 19: new EmployeeFormatted { 20: ID = emp.ID, 21: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 22: } 23: ); 24:  25: foreach (EmployeeFormatted emp in formattedEmployees) { 26: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 27: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 28: } 29: Console.ReadLine(); 30: } 31: } 32:  33: public static class MyExtensionMethods { 34: static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 35: foreach (var x in source) { 36: if (filter(x)) { 37: yield return x; 38: } 39: } 40: } 41: 42: static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 43: foreach (var x in source) { 44: yield return selector(x); 45: } 46: } 47: } 48:  49: public class Employee { 50: public int ID { get; set;} 51: public string FirstName { get; set;} 52: public string LastName {get; set;} 53: public string Country { get; set; } 54: } 55:  56: public class EmployeeFormatted { 57: public int ID { get; set; } 58: public string FullName {get; set;} 59: } Let’s change our code to return a collection of anonymous types and get rid of the EmployeeFormatted type. We see that the code produces the same output. 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3:  4: public class Program 5: { 6: [STAThread] 7: static void Main(string[] args) 8: { 9: var employees = new List<Employee> { 10: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 11: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 13: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 14: }; 15:  16: var formattedEmployees = employees 17: .Where(emp => emp.ID % 2 == 0) 18: .Select (emp => 19: new { 20: ID = emp.ID, 21: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 22: } 23: ); 24:  25: foreach (var emp in formattedEmployees) { 26: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 27: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 28: } 29: Console.ReadLine(); 30: } 31: } 32:  33: public static class MyExtensionMethods { 34: public static IEnumerable<T> Where<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, bool> filter) { 35: foreach (var x in source) { 36: if (filter(x)) { 37: yield return x; 38: } 39: } 40: } 41: 42: public static IEnumerable<TResult> Select<TSource, TResult>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> selector) { 43: foreach (var x in source) { 44: yield return selector(x); 45: } 46: } 47: } 48:  49: public class Employee { 50: public int ID { get; set;} 51: public string FirstName { get; set;} 52: public string LastName {get; set;} 53: public string Country { get; set; } 54: } To be more expressive, C# allows us to write our extension method calls as a query expression. Line 16 can be rewritten a query expression like so: 1: var formattedEmployees = from emp in employees 2: where emp.ID % 2 == 0 3: select new { 4: ID = emp.ID, 5: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 6: }; When the compiler encounters an expression like the above, it simply rewrites it as calls to our extension methods.  So far we have been using our extension methods. The System.Linq namespace contains several extension methods for objects that implement the IEnumerable<T>. You can see a listing of these methods in the Enumerable class in the System.Linq namespace. Let’s get rid of our extension methods (which I purposefully wrote to be of the same signature as the ones in the Enumerable class) and use the ones provided in the Enumerable class. Our final code is shown below: 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3: using System.Linq; //Added 4:  5: public class Program 6: { 7: [STAThread] 8: static void Main(string[] args) 9: { 10: var employees = new List<Employee> { 11: new Employee { ID = 1, FirstName = "John", LastName = "Wright", Country = "USA" }, 12: new Employee { ID = 2, FirstName = "Jim", LastName = "Ashlock", Country = "UK" }, 13: new Employee { ID = 3, FirstName = "Jane", LastName = "Jackson", Country = "CHE" }, 14: new Employee { ID = 4, FirstName = "Jill", LastName = "Anderson", Country = "AUS" } 15: }; 16:  17: var formattedEmployees = from emp in employees 18: where emp.ID % 2 == 0 19: select new { 20: ID = emp.ID, 21: FullName = emp.LastName + ", " + emp.FirstName 22: }; 23:  24: foreach (var emp in formattedEmployees) { 25: Console.WriteLine("ID {0} Full_Name {1}", 26: emp.ID, emp.FullName); 27: } 28: Console.ReadLine(); 29: } 30: } 31:  32: public class Employee { 33: public int ID { get; set;} 34: public string FirstName { get; set;} 35: public string LastName {get; set;} 36: public string Country { get; set; } 37: } 38:  39: public class EmployeeFormatted { 40: public int ID { get; set; } 41: public string FullName {get; set;} 42: } This post has shown you a basic overview of LINQ to Objects work by showning you how an expression is converted to a sequence of calls to extension methods when working directly with objects. It gets more interesting when working with LINQ to SQL where an expression tree is constructed – an in memory data representation of the expression. The C# compiler compiles these expressions into code that builds an expression tree at runtime. The provider can then traverse the expression tree and generate the appropriate SQL query. You can read more about expression trees in this MSDN article.

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• The Incremental Architect&rsquo;s Napkin - #5 - Design functions for extensibility and readability

  - by Ralf Westphal

  Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/theArchitectsNapkin/archive/2014/08/24/the-incremental-architectrsquos-napkin---5---design-functions-for.aspx The functionality of programs is entered via Entry Points. So what we´re talking about when designing software is a bunch of functions handling the requests represented by and flowing in through those Entry Points. Designing software thus consists of at least three phases: Analyzing the requirements to find the Entry Points and their signatures Designing the functionality to be executed when those Entry Points get triggered Implementing the functionality according to the design aka coding I presume, you´re familiar with phase 1 in some way. And I guess you´re proficient in implementing functionality in some programming language. But in my experience developers in general are not experienced in going through an explicit phase 2. “Designing functionality? What´s that supposed to mean?” you might already have thought. Here´s my definition: To design functionality (or functional design for short) means thinking about… well, functions. You find a solution for what´s supposed to happen when an Entry Point gets triggered in terms of functions. A conceptual solution that is, because those functions only exist in your head (or on paper) during this phase. But you may have guess that, because it´s “design” not “coding”. And here is, what functional design is not: It´s not about logic. Logic is expressions (e.g. +, -, && etc.) and control statements (e.g. if, switch, for, while etc.). Also I consider calling external APIs as logic. It´s equally basic. It´s what code needs to do in order to deliver some functionality or quality. Logic is what´s doing that needs to be done by software. Transformations are either done through expressions or API-calls. And then there is alternative control flow depending on the result of some expression. Basically it´s just jumps in Assembler, sometimes to go forward (if, switch), sometimes to go backward (for, while, do). But calling your own function is not logic. It´s not necessary to produce any outcome. Functionality is not enhanced by adding functions (subroutine calls) to your code. Nor is quality increased by adding functions. No performance gain, no higher scalability etc. through functions. Functions are not relevant to functionality. Strange, isn´t it. What they are important for is security of investment. By introducing functions into our code we can become more productive (re-use) and can increase evolvability (higher unterstandability, easier to keep code consistent). That´s no small feat, however. Evolvable code can hardly be overestimated. That´s why to me functional design is so important. It´s at the core of software development. To sum this up: Functional design is on a level of abstraction above (!) logical design or algorithmic design. Functional design is only done until you get to a point where each function is so simple you are very confident you can easily code it. Functional design an logical design (which mostly is coding, but can also be done using pseudo code or flow charts) are complementary. Software needs both. If you start coding right away you end up in a tangled mess very quickly. Then you need back out through refactoring. Functional design on the other hand is bloodless without actual code. It´s just a theory with no experiments to prove it. But how to do functional design? An example of functional design Let´s assume a program to de-duplicate strings. The user enters a number of strings separated by commas, e.g. a, b, a, c, d, b, e, c, a. And the program is supposed to clear this list of all doubles, e.g. a, b, c, d, e. There is only one Entry Point to this program: the user triggers the de-duplication by starting the program with the string list on the command line C:\>deduplicate "a, b, a, c, d, b, e, c, a" a, b, c, d, e …or by clicking on a GUI button. This leads to the Entry Point function to get called. It´s the program´s main function in case of the batch version or a button click event handler in the GUI version. That´s the physical Entry Point so to speak. It´s inevitable. What then happens is a three step process: Transform the input data from the user into a request. Call the request handler. Transform the output of the request handler into a tangible result for the user. Or to phrase it a bit more generally: Accept input. Transform input into output. Present output. This does not mean any of these steps requires a lot of effort. Maybe it´s just one line of code to accomplish it. Nevertheless it´s a distinct step in doing the processing behind an Entry Point. Call it an aspect or a responsibility - and you will realize it most likely deserves a function of its own to satisfy the Single Responsibility Principle (SRP). Interestingly the above list of steps is already functional design. There is no logic, but nevertheless the solution is described - albeit on a higher level of abstraction than you might have done yourself. But it´s still on a meta-level. The application to the domain at hand is easy, though: Accept string list from command line De-duplicate Present de-duplicated strings on standard output And this concrete list of processing steps can easily be transformed into code:static void Main(string[] args) { var input = Accept_string_list(args); var output = Deduplicate(input); Present_deduplicated_string_list(output); } Instead of a big problem there are three much smaller problems now. If you think each of those is trivial to implement, then go for it. You can stop the functional design at this point. But maybe, just maybe, you´re not so sure how to go about with the de-duplication for example. Then just implement what´s easy right now, e.g.private static string Accept_string_list(string[] args) { return args[0]; } private static void Present_deduplicated_string_list( string[] output) { var line = string.Join(", ", output); Console.WriteLine(line); } Accept_string_list() contains logic in the form of an API-call. Present_deduplicated_string_list() contains logic in the form of an expression and an API-call. And then repeat the functional design for the remaining processing step. What´s left is the domain logic: de-duplicating a list of strings. How should that be done? Without any logic at our disposal during functional design you´re left with just functions. So which functions could make up the de-duplication? Here´s a suggestion: De-duplicate Parse the input string into a true list of strings. Register each string in a dictionary/map/set. That way duplicates get cast away. Transform the data structure into a list of unique strings. Processing step 2 obviously was the core of the solution. That´s where real creativity was needed. That´s the core of the domain. But now after this refinement the implementation of each step is easy again:private static string[] Parse_string_list(string input) { return input.Split(',') .Select(s => s.Trim()) .ToArray(); } private static Dictionary<string,object> Compile_unique_strings(string[] strings) { return strings.Aggregate( new Dictionary<string, object>(), (agg, s) => { agg[s] = null; return agg; }); } private static string[] Serialize_unique_strings( Dictionary<string,object> dict) { return dict.Keys.ToArray(); } With these three additional functions Main() now looks like this:static void Main(string[] args) { var input = Accept_string_list(args); var strings = Parse_string_list(input); var dict = Compile_unique_strings(strings); var output = Serialize_unique_strings(dict); Present_deduplicated_string_list(output); } I think that´s very understandable code: just read it from top to bottom and you know how the solution to the problem works. It´s a mirror image of the initial design: Accept string list from command line Parse the input string into a true list of strings. Register each string in a dictionary/map/set. That way duplicates get cast away. Transform the data structure into a list of unique strings. Present de-duplicated strings on standard output You can even re-generate the design by just looking at the code. Code and functional design thus are always in sync - if you follow some simple rules. But about that later. And as a bonus: all the functions making up the process are small - which means easy to understand, too. So much for an initial concrete example. Now it´s time for some theory. Because there is method to this madness ;-) The above has only scratched the surface. Introducing Flow Design Functional design starts with a given function, the Entry Point. Its goal is to describe the behavior of the program when the Entry Point is triggered using a process, not an algorithm. An algorithm consists of logic, a process on the other hand consists just of steps or stages. Each processing step transforms input into output or a side effect. Also it might access resources, e.g. a printer, a database, or just memory. Processing steps thus can rely on state of some sort. This is different from Functional Programming, where functions are supposed to not be stateful and not cause side effects.[1] In its simplest form a process can be written as a bullet point list of steps, e.g. Get data from user Output result to user Transform data Parse data Map result for output Such a compilation of steps - possibly on different levels of abstraction - often is the first artifact of functional design. It can be generated by a team in an initial design brainstorming. Next comes ordering the steps. What should happen first, what next etc.? Get data from user Parse data Transform data Map result for output Output result to user That´s great for a start into functional design. It´s better than starting to code right away on a given function using TDD. Please get me right: TDD is a valuable practice. But it can be unnecessarily hard if the scope of a functionn is too large. But how do you know beforehand without investing some thinking? And how to do this thinking in a systematic fashion? My recommendation: For any given function you´re supposed to implement first do a functional design. Then, once you´re confident you know the processing steps - which are pretty small - refine and code them using TDD. You´ll see that´s much, much easier - and leads to cleaner code right away. For more information on this approach I call “Informed TDD” read my book of the same title. Thinking before coding is smart. And writing down the solution as a bunch of functions possibly is the simplest thing you can do, I´d say. It´s more according to the KISS (Keep It Simple, Stupid) principle than returning constants or other trivial stuff TDD development often is started with. So far so good. A simple ordered list of processing steps will do to start with functional design. As shown in the above example such steps can easily be translated into functions. Moving from design to coding thus is simple. However, such a list does not scale. Processing is not always that simple to be captured in a list. And then the list is just text. Again. Like code. That means the design is lacking visuality. Textual representations need more parsing by your brain than visual representations. Plus they are limited in their “dimensionality”: text just has one dimension, it´s sequential. Alternatives and parallelism are hard to encode in text. In addition the functional design using numbered lists lacks data. It´s not visible what´s the input, output, and state of the processing steps. That´s why functional design should be done using a lightweight visual notation. No tool is necessary to draw such designs. Use pen and paper; a flipchart, a whiteboard, or even a napkin is sufficient. Visualizing processes The building block of the functional design notation is a functional unit. I mostly draw it like this: Something is done, it´s clear what goes in, it´s clear what comes out, and it´s clear what the processing step requires in terms of state or hardware. Whenever input flows into a functional unit it gets processed and output is produced and/or a side effect occurs. Flowing data is the driver of something happening. That´s why I call this approach to functional design Flow Design. It´s about data flow instead of control flow. Control flow like in algorithms is of no concern to functional design. Thinking about control flow simply is too low level. Once you start with control flow you easily get bogged down by tons of details. That´s what you want to avoid during design. Design is supposed to be quick, broad brush, abstract. It should give overview. But what about all the details? As Robert C. Martin rightly said: “Programming is abot detail”. Detail is a matter of code. Once you start coding the processing steps you designed you can worry about all the detail you want. Functional design does not eliminate all the nitty gritty. It just postpones tackling them. To me that´s also an example of the SRP. Function design has the responsibility to come up with a solution to a problem posed by a single function (Entry Point). And later coding has the responsibility to implement the solution down to the last detail (i.e. statement, API-call). TDD unfortunately mixes both responsibilities. It´s just coding - and thereby trying to find detailed implementations (green phase) plus getting the design right (refactoring). To me that´s one reason why TDD has failed to deliver on its promise for many developers. Using functional units as building blocks of functional design processes can be depicted very easily. Here´s the initial process for the example problem: For each processing step draw a functional unit and label it. Choose a verb or an “action phrase” as a label, not a noun. Functional design is about activities, not state or structure. Then make the output of an upstream step the input of a downstream step. Finally think about the data that should flow between the functional units. Write the data above the arrows connecting the functional units in the direction of the data flow. Enclose the data description in brackets. That way you can clearly see if all flows have already been specified. Empty brackets mean “no data is flowing”, but nevertheless a signal is sent. A name like “list” or “strings” in brackets describes the data content. Use lower case labels for that purpose. A name starting with an upper case letter like “String” or “Customer” on the other hand signifies a data type. If you like, you also can combine descriptions with data types by separating them with a colon, e.g. (list:string) or (strings:string[]). But these are just suggestions from my practice with Flow Design. You can do it differently, if you like. Just be sure to be consistent. Flows wired-up in this manner I call one-dimensional (1D). Each functional unit just has one input and/or one output. A functional unit without an output is possible. It´s like a black hole sucking up input without producing any output. Instead it produces side effects. A functional unit without an input, though, does make much sense. When should it start to work? What´s the trigger? That´s why in the above process even the first processing step has an input. If you like, view such 1D-flows as pipelines. Data is flowing through them from left to right. But as you can see, it´s not always the same data. It get´s transformed along its passage: (args) becomes a (list) which is turned into (strings). The Principle of Mutual Oblivion A very characteristic trait of flows put together from function units is: no functional units knows another one. They are all completely independent of each other. Functional units don´t know where their input is coming from (or even when it´s gonna arrive). They just specify a range of values they can process. And they promise a certain behavior upon input arriving. Also they don´t know where their output is going. They just produce it in their own time independent of other functional units. That means at least conceptually all functional units work in parallel. Functional units don´t know their “deployment context”. They now nothing about the overall flow they are place in. They are just consuming input from some upstream, and producing output for some downstream. That makes functional units very easy to test. At least as long as they don´t depend on state or resources. I call this the Principle of Mutual Oblivion (PoMO). Functional units are oblivious of others as well as an overall context/purpose. They are just parts of a whole focused on a single responsibility. How the whole is built, how a larger goal is achieved, is of no concern to the single functional units. By building software in such a manner, functional design interestingly follows nature. Nature´s building blocks for organisms also follow the PoMO. The cells forming your body do not know each other. Take a nerve cell “controlling” a muscle cell for example:[2] The nerve cell does not know anything about muscle cells, let alone the specific muscel cell it is “attached to”. Likewise the muscle cell does not know anything about nerve cells, let a lone a specific nerve cell “attached to” it. Saying “the nerve cell is controlling the muscle cell” thus only makes sense when viewing both from the outside. “Control” is a concept of the whole, not of its parts. Control is created by wiring-up parts in a certain way. Both cells are mutually oblivious. Both just follow a contract. One produces Acetylcholine (ACh) as output, the other consumes ACh as input. Where the ACh is going, where it´s coming from neither cell cares about. Million years of evolution have led to this kind of division of labor. And million years of evolution have produced organism designs (DNA) which lead to the production of these different cell types (and many others) and also to their co-location. The result: the overall behavior of an organism. How and why this happened in nature is a mystery. For our software, though, it´s clear: functional and quality requirements needs to be fulfilled. So we as developers have to become “intelligent designers” of “software cells” which we put together to form a “software organism” which responds in satisfying ways to triggers from it´s environment. My bet is: If nature gets complex organisms working by following the PoMO, who are we to not apply this recipe for success to our much simpler “machines”? So my rule is: Wherever there is functionality to be delivered, because there is a clear Entry Point into software, design the functionality like nature would do it. Build it from mutually oblivious functional units. That´s what Flow Design is about. In that way it´s even universal, I´d say. Its notation can also be applied to biology: Never mind labeling the functional units with nouns. That´s ok in Flow Design. You´ll do that occassionally for functional units on a higher level of abstraction or when their purpose is close to hardware. Getting a cockroach to roam your bedroom takes 1,000,000 nerve cells (neurons). Getting the de-duplication program to do its job just takes 5 “software cells” (functional units). Both, though, follow the same basic principle. Translating functional units into code Moving from functional design to code is no rocket science. In fact it´s straightforward. There are two simple rules: Translate an input port to a function. Translate an output port either to a return statement in that function or to a function pointer visible to that function. The simplest translation of a functional unit is a function. That´s what you saw in the above example. Functions are mutually oblivious. That why Functional Programming likes them so much. It makes them composable. Which is the reason, nature works according to the PoMO. Let´s be clear about one thing: There is no dependency injection in nature. For all of an organism´s complexity no DI container is used. Behavior is the result of smooth cooperation between mutually oblivious building blocks. Functions will often be the adequate translation for the functional units in your designs. But not always. Take for example the case, where a processing step should not always produce an output. Maybe the purpose is to filter input. Here the functional unit consumes words and produces words. But it does not pass along every word flowing in. Some words are swallowed. Think of a spell checker. It probably should not check acronyms for correctness. There are too many of them. Or words with no more than two letters. Such words are called “stop words”. In the above picture the optionality of the output is signified by the astrisk outside the brackets. It means: Any number of (word) data items can flow from the functional unit for each input data item. It might be none or one or even more. This I call a stream of data. Such behavior cannot be translated into a function where output is generated with return. Because a function always needs to return a value. So the output port is translated into a function pointer or continuation which gets passed to the subroutine when called:[3]void filter_stop_words( string word, Action<string> onNoStopWord) { if (...check if not a stop word...) onNoStopWord(word); } If you want to be nitpicky you might call such a function pointer parameter an injection. And technically you´re right. Conceptually, though, it´s not an injection. Because the subroutine is not functionally dependent on the continuation. Firstly continuations are procedures, i.e. subroutines without a return type. Remember: Flow Design is about unidirectional data flow. Secondly the name of the formal parameter is chosen in a way as to not assume anything about downstream processing steps. onNoStopWord describes a situation (or event) within the functional unit only. Translating output ports into function pointers helps keeping functional units mutually oblivious in cases where output is optional or produced asynchronically. Either pass the function pointer to the function upon call. Or make it global by putting it on the encompassing class. Then it´s called an event. In C# that´s even an explicit feature.class Filter { public void filter_stop_words( string word) { if (...check if not a stop word...) onNoStopWord(word); } public event Action<string> onNoStopWord; } When to use a continuation and when to use an event dependens on how a functional unit is used in flows and how it´s packed together with others into classes. You´ll see examples further down the Flow Design road. Another example of 1D functional design Let´s see Flow Design once more in action using the visual notation. How about the famous word wrap kata? Robert C. Martin has posted a much cited solution including an extensive reasoning behind his TDD approach. So maybe you want to compare it to Flow Design. The function signature given is:string WordWrap(string text, int maxLineLength) {...} That´s not an Entry Point since we don´t see an application with an environment and users. Nevertheless it´s a function which is supposed to provide a certain functionality. The text passed in has to be reformatted. The input is a single line of arbitrary length consisting of words separated by spaces. The output should consist of one or more lines of a maximum length specified. If a word is longer than a the maximum line length it can be split in multiple parts each fitting in a line. Flow Design Let´s start by brainstorming the process to accomplish the feat of reformatting the text. What´s needed? Words need to be assembled into lines Words need to be extracted from the input text The resulting lines need to be assembled into the output text Words too long to fit in a line need to be split Does sound about right? I guess so. And it shows a kind of priority. Long words are a special case. So maybe there is a hint for an incremental design here. First let´s tackle “average words” (words not longer than a line). Here´s the Flow Design for this increment: The the first three bullet points turned into functional units with explicit data added. As the signature requires a text is transformed into another text. See the input of the first functional unit and the output of the last functional unit. In between no text flows, but words and lines. That´s good to see because thereby the domain is clearly represented in the design. The requirements are talking about words and lines and here they are. But note the asterisk! It´s not outside the brackets but inside. That means it´s not a stream of words or lines, but lists or sequences. For each text a sequence of words is output. For each sequence of words a sequence of lines is produced. The asterisk is used to abstract from the concrete implementation. Like with streams. Whether the list of words gets implemented as an array or an IEnumerable is not important during design. It´s an implementation detail. Does any processing step require further refinement? I don´t think so. They all look pretty “atomic” to me. And if not… I can always backtrack and refine a process step using functional design later once I´ve gained more insight into a sub-problem. Implementation The implementation is straightforward as you can imagine. The processing steps can all be translated into functions. Each can be tested easily and separately. Each has a focused responsibility. And the process flow becomes just a sequence of function calls: Easy to understand. It clearly states how word wrapping works - on a high level of abstraction. And it´s easy to evolve as you´ll see. Flow Design - Increment 2 So far only texts consisting of “average words” are wrapped correctly. Words not fitting in a line will result in lines too long. Wrapping long words is a feature of the requested functionality. Whether it´s there or not makes a difference to the user. To quickly get feedback I decided to first implement a solution without this feature. But now it´s time to add it to deliver the full scope. Fortunately Flow Design automatically leads to code following the Open Closed Principle (OCP). It´s easy to extend it - instead of changing well tested code. How´s that possible? Flow Design allows for extension of functionality by inserting functional units into the flow. That way existing functional units need not be changed. The data flow arrow between functional units is a natural extension point. No need to resort to the Strategy Pattern. No need to think ahead where extions might need to be made in the future. I just “phase in” the remaining processing step: Since neither Extract words nor Reformat know of their environment neither needs to be touched due to the “detour”. The new processing step accepts the output of the existing upstream step and produces data compatible with the existing downstream step. Implementation - Increment 2 A trivial implementation checking the assumption if this works does not do anything to split long words. The input is just passed on: Note how clean WordWrap() stays. The solution is easy to understand. A developer looking at this code sometime in the future, when a new feature needs to be build in, quickly sees how long words are dealt with. Compare this to Robert C. Martin´s solution:[4] How does this solution handle long words? Long words are not even part of the domain language present in the code. At least I need considerable time to understand the approach. Admittedly the Flow Design solution with the full implementation of long word splitting is longer than Robert C. Martin´s. At least it seems. Because his solution does not cover all the “word wrap situations” the Flow Design solution handles. Some lines would need to be added to be on par, I guess. But even then… Is a difference in LOC that important as long as it´s in the same ball park? I value understandability and openness for extension higher than saving on the last line of code. Simplicity is not just less code, it´s also clarity in design. But don´t take my word for it. Try Flow Design on larger problems and compare for yourself. What´s the easier, more straightforward way to clean code? And keep in mind: You ain´t seen all yet ;-) There´s more to Flow Design than described in this chapter. In closing I hope I was able to give you a impression of functional design that makes you hungry for more. To me it´s an inevitable step in software development. Jumping from requirements to code does not scale. And it leads to dirty code all to quickly. Some thought should be invested first. Where there is a clear Entry Point visible, it´s functionality should be designed using data flows. Because with data flows abstraction is possible. For more background on why that´s necessary read my blog article here. For now let me point out to you - if you haven´t already noticed - that Flow Design is a general purpose declarative language. It´s “programming by intention” (Shalloway et al.). Just write down how you think the solution should work on a high level of abstraction. This breaks down a large problem in smaller problems. And by following the PoMO the solutions to those smaller problems are independent of each other. So they are easy to test. Or you could even think about getting them implemented in parallel by different team members. Flow Design not only increases evolvability, but also helps becoming more productive. All team members can participate in functional design. This goes beyon collective code ownership. We´re talking collective design/architecture ownership. Because with Flow Design there is a common visual language to talk about functional design - which is the foundation for all other design activities.   PS: If you like what you read, consider getting my ebook “The Incremental Architekt´s Napkin”. It´s where I compile all the articles in this series for easier reading. I like the strictness of Function Programming - but I also find it quite hard to live by. And it certainly is not what millions of programmers are used to. Also to me it seems, the real world is full of state and side effects. So why give them such a bad image? That´s why functional design takes a more pragmatic approach. State and side effects are ok for processing steps - but be sure to follow the SRP. Don´t put too much of it into a single processing step. ? Image taken from www.physioweb.org ? My code samples are written in C#. C# sports typed function pointers called delegates. Action is such a function pointer type matching functions with signature void someName(T t). Other languages provide similar ways to work with functions as first class citizens - even Java now in version 8. I trust you find a way to map this detail of my translation to your favorite programming language. I know it works for Java, C++, Ruby, JavaScript, Python, Go. And if you´re using a Functional Programming language it´s of course a no brainer. ? Taken from his blog post “The Craftsman 62, The Dark Path”. ?

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• Why should you choose Oracle WebLogic 12c instead of JBoss EAP 6?

  - by Ricardo Ferreira

  In this post, I will cover some technical differences between Oracle WebLogic 12c and JBoss EAP 6, which was released a couple days ago from Red Hat. This article claims to help you in the evaluation of key points that you should consider when choosing for an Java EE application server. In the following sections, I will present to you some important aspects that most customers ask us when they are seriously evaluating for an middleware infrastructure, specially if you are considering JBoss for some reason. I would suggest that you keep the following question in mind while you are reading the points: "Why should I choose JBoss instead of WebLogic?" 1) Multi Datacenter Deployment and Clustering - D/R ("Disaster & Recovery") architecture support is embedded on the WebLogic Server 12c product. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand has no direct D/R support included, Red Hat relies on third-part tools with higher prices. When you consider a middleware solution to host your business critical application, you should worry with every architectural aspect that are related with the solution. Fail-over support is one little aspect of a truly reliable solution. If you do not worry about D/R, your solution will not be reliable. Having said that, with Red Hat and JBoss EAP 6, you have this extra cost that will increase considerably the total cost of ownership of the solution. As we commonly hear from analysts, open-source are not so cheaper when you start seeing the big picture. - WebLogic Server 12c supports advanced LAN clustering, detection of death servers and have a common alert framework. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand has limited LAN clustering support with no server death detection. They do not generate any alerts when servers goes down (only if you buy JBoss ON which is a separated technology, but until now does not support JBoss EAP 6) and manual intervention are required when servers goes down. In most cases, admin people must rely on "kill -9", "tail -f someFile.log" and "ps ax | grep java" commands to manage failures and clustering anomalies. - WebLogic Server 12c supports the concept of Node Manager, which is a separated process that runs on the physical | virtual servers that allows extend the administration of the cluster to WebLogic managed servers that are often distributed across multiple machines and geographic locations. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand has no equivalent technology. Whole server instances must be managed individually. - WebLogic Server 12c Node Manager supports Coherence to boost performance when managing servers. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand has no similar technology. There is no way to coordinate JBoss and infiniband instances provided by JBoss using high throughput and low latency protocols like InfiniBand. The Node Manager feature also allows another very important feature that JBoss EAP lacks: secure the administration. When using WebLogic Node Manager, all the administration tasks are sent to the managed servers in a secure tunel protected by a certificate, which means that the transport layer that separates the WebLogic administration console from the managed servers are secured by SSL. - WebLogic Server 12c are now integrated with OTD ("Oracle Traffic Director") which is a web server technology derived from the former Sun iPlanet Web Server. This software complements the web server support offered by OHS ("Oracle HTTP Server"). Using OTD, WebLogic instances are load-balanced by a high powerful software that knows how to handle SDP ("Socket Direct Protocol") over InfiniBand, which boost performance when used with engineered systems technologies like Oracle Exalogic Elastic Cloud. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand only offers support to Apache Web Server with custom modules created to deal with JBoss clusters, but only across standard TCP/IP networks.  2) Application and Runtime Diagnostics - WebLogic Server 12c have diagnostics capabilities embedded on the server called WLDF ("WebLogic Diagnostic Framework") so there is no need to rely on third-part tools. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand has no diagnostics capabilities. Their only diagnostics tool is the log generated by the application server. Admin people are encouraged to analyse thousands of log lines to find out what is going on. - WebLogic Server 12c complement WLDF with JRockit MC ("Mission Control"), which provides to administrators and developers a complete insight about the JVM performance, behavior and possible bottlenecks. WebLogic Server 12c also have an classloader analysis tool embedded, and even a log analyzer tool that enables administrators and developers to view logs of multiple servers at the same time. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand relies on third-part tools to do something similar. Again, only log searching are offered to find out whats going on. - WebLogic Server 12c offers end-to-end traceability and monitoring available through Oracle EM ("Enterprise Manager"), including monitoring of business transactions that flows through web servers, ESBs, application servers and database servers, all of this with high deep JVM analysis and diagnostics. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand, even using JBoss ON ("Operations Network"), which is a separated technology, does not support those features. Red Hat relies on third-part tools to provide direct Oracle database traceability across JVMs. One of those tools are Oracle EM for non-Oracle middleware that manage JBoss, Tomcat, Websphere and IIS transparently. - WebLogic Server 12c with their JRockit support offers a tool called JRockit Flight Recorder, which can give developers a complete visibility of a certain period of application production monitoring with zero extra overhead. This automatic recording allows you to deep analyse threads latency, memory leaks, thread contention, resource utilization, stack overflow damages and GC ("Garbage Collection") cycles, to observe in real time stop-the-world phenomenons, generational, reference count and parallel collects and mutator threads analysis. JBoss EAP 6 don't even dream to support something similar, even because they don't have their own JVM. 3) Application Server Administration - WebLogic Server 12c offers a complete administration console complemented with scripting and macro-like recording capabilities. A single WebLogic console can managed up to hundreds of WebLogic servers belonging to the same domain. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand has a limited console and provides a XML centric administration. JBoss, after ten years, started the development of a rudimentary centralized administration that still leave a lot of administration tasks aside, so admin people and developers must touch scripts and XML configuration files for most advanced and even simple administration tasks. This lead applications to error prone and risky deployments. Even using JBoss ON, JBoss EAP are not able to offer decent administration features for admin people which must be high skilled in JBoss internal architecture and its managing capabilities. - Oracle EM is available to manage multiple domains, databases, application servers, operating systems and virtualization, with a complete end-to-end visibility. JBoss ON does not provide management capabilities across the complete architecture, only basic monitoring. Even deployment must be done aside JBoss ON which does no integrate well with others softwares than JBoss. Until now, JBoss ON does not supports JBoss EAP 6, so even their minimal support for JBoss are not available for JBoss EAP 6 leaving customers uncovered and subject to high skilled JBoss admin people. - WebLogic Server 12c has the same administration model whatever is the topology selected by the customer. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand differentiates between two operational models: standalone-mode and domain-mode, that are not consistent with each other. Depending on the mode used, the administration skill is different. - WebLogic Server 12c has no point-of-failures processes, and it does not need to define any specialized server. Domain model in WebLogic is available for years (at least ten years or more) and is production proven. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand needs special processes to garantee JBoss integrity, the PC ("Process-Controller") and the HC ("Host-Controller"). Different from WebLogic, the domain model in JBoss is quite new (one year at tops) of maturity, and need to mature considerably until start doing things like WebLogic domain model does. - WebLogic Server 12c supports parallel deployment model which enables some artifacts being deployed at the same time. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand does not have any similar feature. Every deployment are done atomically in the containers. This means that if you have a huge EAR (an EAR of 120 MB of size for instance) and deploy onto JBoss EAP 6, this EAR will take some minutes in order to starting accept thread requests. The same EAR deployed onto WebLogic Server 12c will reduce the deployment time at least in 2X compared to JBoss. 4) Support and Upgrades - WebLogic Server 12c has patch management available. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand has no patch management available, each JBoss EAP instance should be patched manually. To achieve such feature, you need to buy a separated technology called JBoss ON ("Operations Network") that manage this type of stuff. But until now, JBoss ON does not support JBoss EAP 6 so, in practice, JBoss EAP 6 does not have this feature. - WebLogic Server 12c supports previuous WebLogic domains without any reconfiguration since its kernel is robust and mature since its creation in 1995. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand has a proven lack of supportability between JBoss AS 4, 5, 6 and 7. Different kernels and messaging engines were implemented in JBoss stack in the last five years reveling their incapacity to create a well architected and proven middleware technology. - WebLogic Server 12c has patch prescription based on customer configuration. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand has no such capability. People need to create ticket supports and have their installations revised by Red Hat support guys to gain some patch prescription from them. - Oracle WebLogic Server independent of the version has 8 years of support of new patches and has lifetime release of existing patches beyond that. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand provides patches for a specific application server version up to 5 years after the release date. JBoss EAP 4 and previous versions had only 4 years. A good question that Red Hat will argue to answer is: "what happens when you find issues after year 5"?  5) RAC ("Real Application Clusters") Support - WebLogic Server 12c ships with a specific JDBC driver to leverage Oracle RAC clustering capabilities (Fast-Application-Notification, Transaction Affinity, Fast-Connection-Failover, etc). Oracle JDBC thin driver are also available. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand ships only the standard Oracle JDBC thin driver. Load balancing with Oracle RAC are not supported. Manual intervention in case of planned or unplanned RAC downtime are necessary. In JBoss EAP 6, situation does not reestablish automatically after downtime. - WebLogic Server 12c has a feature called Active GridLink for Oracle RAC which provides up to 3X performance on OLTP applications. This seamless integration between WebLogic and Oracle database enable more value added to critical business applications leveraging their investments in Oracle database technology and Oracle middleware. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand has no performance gains at all, even when admin people implement some kind of connection-pooling tuning. - WebLogic Server 12c also supports transaction and web session affinity to the Oracle RAC, which provides aditional gains of performance. This is particularly interesting if you are creating a reliable solution that are distributed not only in an LAN cluster, but into a different data center. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand has no such support. 6) Standards and Technology Support - WebLogic Server 12c is fully Java EE 6 compatible and production ready since december of 2011. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand became fully compatible with Java EE 6 only in the community version after three months, and production ready only in a few days considering that this article was written in June of 2012. Red Hat says that they are the masters of innovation and technology proliferation, but compared with Oracle and even other proprietary vendors like IBM, they historically speaking are lazy to deliver the most newest technologies and standards adherence. - Oracle is the steward of Java, driving innovation into the platform from commercial and open-source vendors. Red Hat on the other hand does not have its own JVM and relies on third-part JVMs to complete their application server offer. 95% of Red Hat customers are using Oracle HotSpot as JVM, which means that without Oracle involvement, their support are limited exclusively to the application server layer and we all know that most problems are happens in the JVM layer. - WebLogic Server 12c supports natively JDK 7, which empower developers to explore the maximum of the Java platform productivity when writing code. This feature differentiate WebLogic from others application servers (except GlassFish that are also managed by Oracle) because the usage of JDK 7 introduce such remarkable productivity features like the "try-with-resources" enhancement, catching multiple exceptions with one try block, Strings in the switch statements, JVM improvements in terms of JDBC, I/O, networking, security, concurrency and of course, the most important feature of Java 7: native support for multiple non-Java languages. More features regarding JDK 7 can be found here. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand does not support JDK 7 officially, they comment in their community version that "Java SE 7 can be used with JBoss 7" which does not gives you any guarantees of enterprise support for JDK 7. - Oracle WebLogic Server 12c supports integration with Spring framework allowing Spring applications to use WebLogic special transaction manager, exposing bean interfaces to WebLogic MBeans to take advantage of all WebLogic monitoring and administration advantages. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand has no special integration with Spring. In fact, Red Hat offers a suspicious package called "JBoss Web Platform" that in theory supports Spring, but in practice this package does not offers any special integration. It is just a facility for Red Hat customers to have support from both JBoss and Spring technology using the same customer support. 7) Lightweight Development - Oracle WebLogic Server 12c and Oracle GlassFish are completely integrated and can share applications without any modifications. Starting with the 12c version, WebLogic now understands natively GlassFish deployment descriptors and specific configurations in order to offer you a truly and reliable migration path from a community Java EE application server to a enterprise middleware product like WebLogic. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand has no support to natively reuse an existing (or still in development) application from JBoss AS community server. Users of JBoss suffer of critical issues during deployment time that includes: changing the libraries and dependencies of the application, patching the DTD or XSD deployment descriptors, refactoring of the application layers due classloading issues and anomalies, rebuilding of persistence, business and web layers due issues with "usage of the certified version of an certain dependency" or "frameworks that Red Hat potentially does not recommend" etc. If you have the culture or enterprise IT directive of developing Java EE applications using community middleware to in a certain future, transition to enterprise (supported by a vendor) middleware, Oracle WebLogic plus Oracle GlassFish offers you a more sustainable solution. - WebLogic Server 12c has a very light ZIP distribution (less than 165 MB). JBoss EAP 6 ZIP size is around 130 MB, together with JBoss ON you have more 100 MB resulting in a higher download footprint. This is particularly interesting if you plan to use automated setup of application server instances (for example, to rapidly setup a development or staging environment) using Maven or Hudson. - WebLogic Server 12c has a complete integration with Maven allowing developers to setup WebLogic domains with few commands. Tasks like downloading WebLogic, installation, domain creation, data sources deployment are completely integrated. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand has a limited offer integration with those tools.  - WebLogic Server 12c has a startup mode called WLX that turns-off EJB, JMS and JCA containers leaving enabled only the web container with Java EE 6 web profile. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand has no such feature, you need to disable manually the containers that you do not want to use. - WebLogic Server 12c supports fastswap, which enables you to change classes without redeployment. This is particularly interesting if you are developing patches for the application that is already deployed and you do not want to redeploy the entire application. This is the same behavior that most application servers offers to JSP pages, but with WebLogic Server 12c, you have the same feature for Java classes in general. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand has no such support. Even JBoss EAP 5 does not support this until now. 8) JMS and Messaging - WebLogic Server 12c has a proven and high scalable JMS implementation since its initial release in 1995. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand has a still immature technology called HornetQ, which was introduced in JBoss EAP 5 replacing everything that was implemented in the previous versions. Red Hat loves to introduce new technologies across JBoss versions, playing around with customers and their investments. And when they are asked about why they have changed the implementation and caused such a mess, their answer is always: "the previous implementation was inadequate and not aligned with the community strategy so we are creating a new a improved one". This Red Hat practice leads to uncomfortable investments that in a near future (sometimes less than a year) will be affected in someway. - WebLogic Server 12c has troubleshooting and monitoring features included on the WebLogic console and WLDF. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand has no direct monitoring on the console, activity is reflected only on the logs, no debug logs available in case of JMS issues. - WebLogic Server 12c has extremely good performance and scalability. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand has a JMS storage mechanism relying on Oracle database or MySQL. This means that if an issue in production happens and Red Hat affirms that an performance issue is happening due to database problems, they will not support you on the performance issue. They will orient you to call Oracle instead. - WebLogic Server 12c supports messaging enterprise features like SAF ("Store and Forward"), Distributed Queues/Topics and Foreign JMS providers support that leverage JMS implementations without compromise developer code making things completely transparent. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand do not even dream to support such features. 9) Caching and Grid - Coherence, which is the leading and most mature data grid technology from Oracle, is available since early 2000 and was integrated with WebLogic in 2009. Coherence and WebLogic clusters can be both managed from WebLogic administrative console. Even Node Manager supports Coherence. JBoss on the other hand discontinued JBoss Cache, which was their caching implementation just like they did with the messaging implementation (JBossMQ) which was a issue for long term customers. JBoss EAP 6 ships InfiniSpan version 1.0 which is immature and lack a proven record of successful cases and reliability. - WebLogic Server 12c has a feature called ActiveCache which uses Coherence to, without any code changes, replicate HTTP sessions from both WebLogic and other application servers like JBoss, Tomcat, Websphere, GlassFish and even Microsoft IIS. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand does have such support and even when they do in the future, they probably will support only their own application server. - Coherence can be used to manage both L1 and L2 cache levels, providing support to Oracle TopLink and others JPA compliant implementations, even Hibernate. JBoss EAP 6 and Infinispan on the other hand supports only Hibernate. And most important of all: Infinispan does not have any successful case of L1 or L2 caching level support using Hibernate, which lead us to reflect about its viability. 10) Performance - WebLogic Server 12c is certified with Oracle Exalogic Elastic Cloud and can run unchanged applications at this engineered system. This approach can benefit customers from Exalogic optimization's of both kernel and JVM layers to boost performance in terms of 10X for web, OLTP, JMS and grid applications. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand has no investment on engineered systems: customers do not have the choice to deploy on a Java ultra fast system if their project becomes relevant and performance issues are detected. - WebLogic Server 12c maintains a performance gain across each new release: starting on WebLogic 5.1, the overall performance gain has been close to 4X, which close to a 20% gain release by release. JBoss on the other hand does not provide SPECJAppServer or SPECJEnterprise performance benchmarks. Their so called "performance gains" remains hidden in their customer environments, which lead us to think if it is true or not since we will never get access to those environments. - WebLogic Server 12c has industry performance benchmarks with submissions across platforms and configurations leading SPECJ. Oracle WebLogic leads SPECJAppServer performance in multiple categories, fitting all customer topologies like: dual-node, single-node, multi-node and multi-node with RAC. JBoss... again, does not provide any SPECJAppServer performance benchmarks. - WebLogic Server 12c has a feature called work manager which allows your application to embrace new performance levels based on critical resource utilization of the CPUs usage. Work managers prioritizes work and allocates threads based on an execution model that takes into account administrator-defined parameters and actual run-time performance and throughput. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand has no compared feature and probably they never will. Not supporting such feature like work managers, JBoss EAP 6 forces admin people and specially developers to uncover performance gains in a intrusive way, rewriting the code and doing performance refactorings. 11) Professional Services Support - WebLogic Server 12c and any other technology sold by Oracle give customers the possibility of hire OCS ("Oracle Consulting Services") to manage critical scenarios, deployment assistance of new applications, high skilled consultancy of architecture, best practices and people allocation together with customer teams. All OCS services are available without any restrictions, having the customer bought software from Oracle or just starting their implementation before any acquisition. JBoss EAP 6 or Red Hat to be more specifically, only offers professional services if you buy subscriptions from them. If you are developing a new critical application for your business and need the help of Red Hat for a serious issue or architecture decision, they will probably say: "OK... I can help you but after you buy subscriptions from me". Red Hat also does not allows their professional services consultants to manage environments that uses community based software. They will probably force you to first buy a subscription, download their "enterprise" version and them, optionally hire their consultants. - Oracle provides you our university to educate your team into our technologies, including of course specialized trainings of WebLogic application server. At any time and location, you can hire Oracle to train your team so you get trustful knowledge according to your specific needs. Certifications for the products are also available if your technical people desire to differentiate themselves as professionals. Red Hat on the other hand have a limited pool of resources to train your team in their technologies. Basically they are selling training and certification for RHEL ("Red Hat Enterprise Linux") but if you demand more specialized training in JBoss middleware, they will probably connect you to some "certified" partner localized training since they are apparently discontinuing their education center, at least here in Brazil. They were not able to reproduce their success with RHEL education to their middleware division since they need first sell the subscriptions to after gives you specialized training. And again, they only offer you specialized training based on their enterprise version (EAP in the case of JBoss) which means that the courses will be a quite outdated. There are reports of developers that took official training's from Red Hat at this year (2012) and in a certain JBoss advanced course, Red Hat supposedly covered JBossMQ as the messaging subsystem, and even the printed material provided was based on JBossMQ since the training was created for JBoss EAP 4.3. 12) Encouraging Transparency without Ulterior Motives - WebLogic Server 12c like any other software from Oracle can be downloaded any time from anywhere, you should only possess an OTN ("Oracle Technology Network") credential and you can download any enterprise software how many times you want. And is not some kind of "trial" version. It is the official binaries that will be running for ever in your data center. Oracle does not encourages the usage of "specific versions" of our software. The binaries you buy from Oracle are the same binaries anyone in the world could download and use for testing and personal education. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand are not available for download unless you buy a subscription and get access to the Red Hat enterprise repositories. If you need to test, learn or just start creating your application using Red Hat's middleware software, you should download it from the community website. You are not allowed to download the enterprise version that, according to Red Hat are more secure, reliable and robust. But no one of us want to start the development of a software with an unsecured, unreliable and not scalable middleware right? So what you do? You are "invited" by Red Hat to buy subscriptions from them to get access to the "cool" version of the software. - WebLogic Server 12c prices are publicly available in the Oracle website. If you want to know right now how much WebLogic will cost to your organization, just click here and get access to our price list. In the case of WebLogic, check out the "US Oracle Technology Commercial Price List". Oracle also encourages you to get in touch with a sales representative to discuss discounts that would make possible the investment into our technology. But you are not required to do this, only if you are interested in buying our technology or maybe you want to discuss some discount scenarios. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand does not have its cost publicly available in Red Hat's website or in any other media, at least is not so easy to get such information. The only link you will possibly find in their website is a "Contact a Sales Representative" link. This is not a very good relationship between an customer and an vendor. This is not an example of transparency, mainly when the software are sold as open. In this situations, customers expects to see the software prices publicly available, so they can have the chance to decide, based on the existing features of the software, if the cost is fair or not. Conclusion Oracle WebLogic is the most mature, secure, reliable and scalable Java EE application server of the market, and have a proven record of success around the globe to prove it's majority. Don't lose the chance to discover today how WebLogic could fit your needs and sustain your global IT middleware strategy, no matter if your strategy are completely based on the Cloud or not.

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• CodePlex Daily Summary for Sunday, August 10, 2014

  CodePlex Daily Summary for Sunday, August 10, 2014Popular ReleasesWinForms MVP: WinForms MVP v1.0.1008.2014: Issues Fixed Issue 1 New Added MessageBus and AppState features. Added tests in support of the MessageBus and AppState features Added dependency injection support for Ninject. Added tests in support of the NinjectPresenterFactory.WP8 Native Access Webserver: Version alpha 0.5.3: Figured I should post a newer version. This build includes pretty broad registry browsing (especially if you can use the AllCapabilities version) and (in the AC version) also fairly broad file system access. It also includes the ability to download .REG files. There have been tons of bugfixes and performance improvements as well, plus a slightly better UI in both the app and the web interface. For more info, please read the forum post here: http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=23...ClosedXML - The easy way to OpenXML: ClosedXML 0.74.0: Many updates. See history.SEToolbox: SEToolbox 01.042.019 Release 1: Added RadioAntenna broadcast name to ship name detail. Added two additional columns for Asteroid material generation for Asteroid Fields. Added Mass and Block number columns to main display. Added Ellipsis to some columns on main display to reduce name confusion. Added correct SE version number in file when saving. Re-added in reattaching Motor when drag/dropping or importing ships (KeenSH have added RotorEntityId back in after removing it months ago). Added option to export and r...Instant Beautiful Browsing: IBB 14.3 Alpha: An alpha release of IBB. After 3 years of the last release this version is made from scratch, with tons of new features like: Make your own IBB aps. HTML 5. Better UI. Extreme Windows 8 resemblance. Photos. Store. Movement TONS of times smother compared to previous versions. Remember that this is AN ALPHA release, I hope I will have "IBB 14" finished by December. The documentation on how to create a new application for IBB will come next monthjQuery List DragSort: jQuery List DragSort 0.5.2: Fixed scrollContainer removing deprecated use of $.browser so should now work with latest version of jQuery. Added the ability to return false in dragEnd to revert sort order Project changes Added nuget package for dragsort https://www.nuget.org/packages/dragsort Converted repository from SVN to MercurialCRM 2013 One Click Navigation: CRM2013OneClickNavigation_1_0_0_4_managed.zip: Fixed some minor issues and added support for the following languages Spanish German French Italian Portuguese Russian Arabic Chinese Japanese Hindi Hebrew Korean Polish ThaiBraintree Client Library: Braintree 2.32.0: Allow credit card verification options to be passed outside of the nonce for PaymentMethod.create Allow billingaddress parameters and billingaddress_id to be passed outside of the nonce for PaymentMethod.create Add Subscriptions to paypal accounts Add PaymentMethod.update Add failonduplicatepaymentmethod option to PaymentMethod.create Add support for dispute webhooksThe Mario Kart 8 App: V1.0.2.1: First Codeplex release. WINDOWS INSTALLER ONLYAspose Java for Docx4j: Aspose.Words vs Docx4j - v 1.0: Release contain the Code Comparison for Features in Docx4j SDK and Aspose.Words What's New ?Following Examples: Accessing Document Properties Add Bookmarks Convert to Formats Delete Bookmarks Working with Comments Feedback and Suggestions Many more examples are available at Aspose Docs. Raise your queries and suggest more examples via Aspose Forums or via this social coding site.File System Security PowerShell Module: NTFSSecurity 2.4.1: Add-Access and Remove-Access now take multiple accoutsYourSqlDba: YourSqlDba 5.2.1.: This version improves alert message that comes a while after you install the script. First it says to get it from YourSqlDba.CodePlex.com If you don't want to update now, just-rerun the script from your installed version. To get actual version running just execute install.PrintVersionInfo. . You can go to source code / history and click on change set 72957 to see changes in the script.Manipulator: Manipulator: manipulatorXNB filetype plugin for Paint.NET: Paint.NET XNB plugin v0.4.0.0: CHANGELOG Reverted old incomplete changes. Updated library for compatibility with Paint .NET 4. Updated project to NET 4.5. Updated version to 0.4.0.0. INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS Extract the ZIP file to your Paint.NET\FileTypes folder.EdiFabric: Release 4.1: Changed MessageContextWix# (WixSharp) - managed interface for WiX: Release 1.0.0.0: Release 1.0.0.0 Custom UI Custom MSI Dialog Custom CLR Dialog External UIMath.NET Numerics: Math.NET Numerics v3.2.0: Linear Algebra: Vector.Map2 (map2 in F#), storage-optimized Linear Algebra: fix RemoveColumn/Row early index bound check (was not strict enough) Statistics: Entropy ~Jeff Mastry Interpolation: use Array.BinarySearch instead of local implementation ~Candy Chiu Resources: fix a corrupted exception message string Portable Build: support .Net 4.0 as well by using profile 328 instead of 344. .Net 3.5: F# extensions now support .Net 3.5 as well .Net 3.5: NuGet package now contains pro...Virto Commerce Enterprise Open Source eCommerce Platform (asp.net mvc): Virto Commerce 1.11: Virto Commerce Community Edition version 1.11. To install the SDK package, please refer to SDK getting started documentation To configure source code package, please refer to Source code getting started documentation This release includes many bug fixes and minor improvements. More details about this release can be found on our blog at http://blog.virtocommerce.com.BoxStarter: Boxstarter 2.4.80: Running the Setup.bat file will install Chocolatey if not present and then install the Boxstarter modules.ProjkyAddin ssms addin script shortcut ssmsaddin: projkyaddin source code and msi files.: projkyaddin source code and msi files.New ProjectsBolos: BolosBWQS - The BitWise Query Service: Generic object queries with a bitwise syntax.DocX Razor: A DocX scaffolding engine with Razor syntaxJQuery Simple Logger: Its a very simple jQuery extension for logging client side events. There are four levels of logging: Error, Warning, Info, Debug ???????: ???????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　?????????????????????，??1998?7??????，??????????，?????????，?????????????，????????????????????????. ????????????????????，????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????????，??????????????，????，?????????????????????，??????。???????，??????????????????????。????????，????????????，?????????: ???????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。????????????????????????，????????????，??????98???????????，????，??????????，?????????. 　　?????????,????????????????，????????????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，?????????????????????，???????????????????????!?????????????????????????????????????????????、?????????、??????、???????: ???????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????????，??1998?7??????，??????????，?????????，?????????????，??????????????????????. ????????????????????，????????????????: ????????????: ???????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????????，??????????????，????，?????????????????????，??????。??，??????????????????????。????????，????????????，??????，???????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????????，????????。????????????????、???????。??????????????。?????????????????,??????,??????,??????,??????????????，????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　????????????????????，????????。????????????????、???????。??????????????。???????????????????,??????,??????,??????,??????????????????: ???????????: ??????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????????，??1998?7??????，??????????，?????????，?????????????，??????????????????????. ????????????????????，????????????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　 ????????????????????，??1998?7??????，??????????，??????? ????????，?????????????， ???????????????????????. ???????????????????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，??????、????、?????????????????????????，???????????? ??。???????????，??????????，???????????，????2000?，??????????，??????: ????????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　?????2004?，??????????????，??????????????????。?????? ?????，????????????????，????????????。????，????????????，????，??“??????”????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????????????????，????????????!??????????????????????????????????????????、???????、????、??????、??????????。???????????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，?????????????????????，???????????????????????!?????????????????????????????????????????????、?????????、??????、???????: ???????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????????????，????????。????????????????、???????。??????????????。????????????????,??????,??????,??????,??????????????，????,?????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。　　??????98???????????，???????????????????，????????????，????，??????????，?????????，?????????,????????????????，???????????，??????????: ??????????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　?????2004?，??????????????，??????????????????。?????? ?????，????????????????，????????????。????，???????????，????，??“???????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，??????、????、?????????????????????????，???????????? ??。???????????，??????????，???????????，????2000?，??????????，?????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，?????????????????????????，????????????!?????????????????????????????????????????、???????、????、??????、???????????????: ????????????: ???????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????????，??1998?7??????，??????????，?????????，?????????????，??????????????????????. ????????????????????，???????????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????????????，????????。????????????????、???????。??????????????。????????????????,??????,??????,??????,??????????????，????,?????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。　　??????98???????????，???????????????????，????????????，????，??????????，?????????，?????????,????????????????，???????????，??????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????????????!????????????????????????????????????????????、?????????、??????、????????、????????????。??????????，???????????，???????: ??????????????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　????? ????????、??、??、??????????????????，???????，???????，?????????????，??????????????，?????、??????????、??、???，???????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????????????????,??????????,???????????????????????,???????:????,????;?????????????;??;??;????;????????;????;????;??????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，?????????????????????????，????????????!?????????????????????????????????????????、???????、????、??????、??????????????: ???????????: ????????????: ????????????: ????????????: ????????????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　???????????1998?????????。????????????，???????????????，?????????????，???????????，?2003?????????????，????????????????????????: ?????????????: ???????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????????!????????????????????????????????????????????、?????????、??????、????????、????????????。??????????，??????????????: ??????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????????????????,???????????,???????????????????????,???????:????,????;?????????????;??;??;????;????????;????;????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????1998?????????。????????????，???????????????，?????????????，???????????，?2003?????????????，????????????????????????????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。????????????????????????，????????????，??????98???????????，????，??????????，?????????. 　　?????????,????????????????，????????????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????????????，????????。????????????????、???????。??????????????。????????????????,??????,??????,??????,??????????????，????,?????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，?????????????????????，???????????????????????!?????????????????????????????????????????????、?????????、??????、??????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，??????、????、?????????????????????????，???????????? ??。???????????，??????????，???????????，????2000?，??????????，?????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????????，??1998?7??????，??????????，?????????，?????????????，??????????????????????. ????????????????????，???????????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　????????????????????，????????。????????????????、???????。??????????????。???????????????????,??????,??????,??????,??????????????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????1998?????????。????????????，???????????????，?????????????，???????????，?2003?????????????，?????????????????????????????????: ???????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，??????、????、?????????????????????????，???????????? ??。???????????，??????????，???????????，????2000?，??????????，??????: ???????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????1998?????????。????????????，???????????????，?????????????，???????????，?2003?????????????，????????????????????????????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????????，??????????????，????，?????????????????????，??????。??，??????????????????????。????????，????????????，??????，??????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????????????????,??????????,???????????????????????,???????:????,????;?????????????;??;??;????;????????;????;????;??????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。????????????????????????，????????????，??????98???????????，????，??????????，?????????. 　　?????????,????????????????，?????????????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　????? ????????、??、??、??????????????????，???????，???????，?????????????，??????????????，?????、??????????、??、???，???????? ????????????: ?????????????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　???????????????????，????????????，???????98???????????，????，??????????，?????????. 　　?????????,????????????????，???????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????????????????,??????????,???????????????????????,???????:????,????;?????????????;??;??;????;????????;????;????;??????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　?????2004?，??????????????，??????????????????。?????? ?????，????????????????，????????????。????，???????????，????，??“??????”?????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????????，??????????????，????，?????????????????????，??????。???????，??????????????????????。????????，????????????，????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????????，??????????????，????，?????????????????????，??????。??，??????????????????????。????????，????????????，??????，???????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????????????????????，????????????，???????98???????????，????，??????????，?????????. 　　?????????,????????????????，?????????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????????，??????????????，????，?????????????????????，??????。??，??????????????????????。????????，????????????，??????，??????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，?????????????????????，???????????????????????!?????????????????????????????????????????????、?????????、??????、??????: ??????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????????????，????????。????????????????、???????。??????????????。????????????????,??????,??????,??????,??????????????，????,??????: ???????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????????，??????????????，????，?????????????????????，??????。??，??????????????????????。????????，????????????，??????，??????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　???????????????????，????????????，??????98???????????，????，??????????，?????????. 　　?????????,????????????????，???????????，????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，?????????????????????????，????????????!?????????????????????????????????????????、???????、????、??????、??????????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，??????、????、?????????????????????????，???????????? ??。???????????，??????????，???????????，????2000?，??????????，??????: ???????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，?????????????????????，???????????????????????!?????????????????????????????????????????????、?????????、??????、???????: ?????????????: ??????????????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　?????????????????????，??1998?7??????，??????????，?????????，?????????????，????????????????????????. ??????????????????????: ???????????: ????????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　???????????????????????????,???????????,???????????????????????,???????:????,????;?????????????;??;??;????;????????;????;???????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????，??????????????????。?????? ?????，????????????????，????????????。????，???????????，????，??“??????”???? ?????，???????????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　??????????????????????????,??????????,???????????????????????,???????:????,????;?????????????;??;??;????;????????;????;????;?????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????????????????????，????????????!?????????????????????????????????????????、???????、????、??????、??????????。??????????????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????，??????????????????。?????? 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QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。????? ?????????，??????、????、?????????????????????????，???????????? ??。???????????，??????????，???????????，????2000?，???????????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。????????????????????，??????????????，????，?????????????????????，??????。????????，??????????????????????。????????，????????????，??????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　???????????????????????????,???????????,???????????????????????,???????:????,????;?????????????;??;??;????;????????;????;???????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????????????!????????????????????????????????????????????、?????????、??????、????????、????????????。??????????，???????????，??????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　???????????????????，????????????，???????98???????????，????，??????????，?????????. 　　?????????,????????????????，???????????，??????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????????，??????????????，????，?????????????????????，??????。??，??????????????????????。????????，????????????，??????，???????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。????????????????????，??????????????，????，?????????????????????，??????。????????，??????????????????????。????????，????????????，????????: ????????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　????????????????????，????????。????????????????、???????。??????????????。???????????????????,??????,??????,??????,??????????????????: ????????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　?????2004?，??????????????，??????????????????。?????? ?????，????????????????，????????????。????，??????????????，????，??“???????????: ???????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，??????、????、?????????????????????????，???????????? ??。???????????，??????????，???????????，????2000?，??????????，??????: ????????????: ??????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。????????????????????，??1998?7??????，??????????，?????????，?????????????，???????????????????????. ????????????????????，?????????????: ???????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　??????????1998?????????。????????????，???????????????，?????????????，???????????，?2003?????????????，???????????????????????????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????????????????,??????????,???????????????????????,???????:????,????;?????????????;??;??;????;????????;????;????;???????: ????????????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　????? ????????、??、??、??????????????????，???????，???????，?????????????，??????????????，?????、??????????、??、???，??????????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????????，????????。????????????????、???????。??????????????。?????????????????,??????,??????,??????,??????????????，????????: ????????????: ????????????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　?????2004?，??????????????，??????????????????。?????? ?????，????????????????，????????????。????，????????????，????，??“????????: ???????????: ?????????????: ???????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。????????????????，?????????????????????，?????????????????????????!???????????????????????????????????????????????、?????????、??????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????，??????、????、?????????????????????????，???????????? ??。???????????，??????????，???????????，????2000?，??????????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，??????、????、?????????????????????????，???????????? ??。???????????，??????????，???????????，????2000?，??????????，??????: ???????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????????，??????????????，????，?????????????????????，??????。???????，??????????????????????。????????，????????????，?????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????????????????，????????????!??????????????????????????????????????????、???????、????、??????、??????????。????????????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。????????????????????，??????????????，????，?????????????????????，??????。????????，??????????????????????。????????，????????????，??????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????????????????????，????????????，???????98???????????，????，??????????，?????????. 　　?????????,????????????????，??????????????: ????????????: ???????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????????????????,??????????,???????????????????????,???????:????,????;?????????????;??;??;????;????????;????;????;???????: ????????????: ????????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　???????????????????，????????????，???????98???????????，????，??????????，?????????. 　　?????????,????????????????，???????????，???????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????，??????、????、?????????????????????????，???????????? ??。???????????，??????????，???????????，????2000?，???????????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????，?????????????????????，????????????????????????!??????????????????????????????????????????????、?????????、?????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，?????????????????????????，????????????!?????????????????????????????????????????、???????、????、??????、??????????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，?????????????????????????，????????????!?????????????????????????????????????????、???????、????、??????、???????????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。???????????????????????????,???????????,???????????????????????,???????:????,????;?????????????;??;??;????;????????;????;????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　????????????????????，????????。????????????????、???????。??????????????。???????????????????,??????,??????,??????,??????????????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。　　?????????????、??、??、??????????????????，???????，???????，?????????????，??????????????，?????、??????????、??、???，?????????????，???????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????????!????????????????????????????????????????????、?????????、??????、????????、????????????。??????????，????????????????: ???????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。　　??????98???????????，???????????????????，????????????，????，??????????，?????????，?????????,????????????????，???????????，??????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????1998?????????。????????????，???????????????，?????????????，???????????，?2003?????????????，?????????????????????????????????: ????????????: ????????????: ??????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????。????????????????????，??????????????，????，?????????????????????，??????。??，??????????????????????。????????，????????????，????????????: ????????????: ???????????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。?????????，??????????????????。?????? ?????，????????????????，????????????。????，???????????，????，??“??????”???? ?????，???????????????: ?????QQ:2281595668，?????，????，????　　??????????????????????????,??????????,???????????????????????,???????:????,????;?????????????;??;??;????;????????;????;????;?????: ?????QQ：2281595668，?????，????，????。??????????????，??????、????、?????????????????????????，???????????? ??。???????????，??????????，???????????，????2000?，??????????，??????: ??????

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• A first look at ConfORM - Part 1

  - by thangchung

  All source codes for this post can be found at here.Have you ever heard of ConfORM is not? I have read it three months ago when I wrote an post about NHibernate and Autofac. At that time, this project really has just started and still in beta version, so I still do not really care much. But recently when reading a book by Jason Dentler NHibernate 3.0 Cookbook, I started to pay attention to it. Author have mentioned quite a lot of OSS in his book. And now again I have reviewed ConfORM once again. I have been involved in ConfORM development group on google and read some articles about it. Fabio Maulo spent a lot of work for the OSS, and I hope it will adapt a great way for NHibernate (because he contributed to NHibernate that). So what is ConfORM? It is stand for Configuration ORM, and it was trying to use a lot of heuristic model for identifying entities from C# code. Today, it's mostly Model First Driven development, so the first thing is to build the entity model. This is really important and we can see it is the heart of business software. Then we have to tell DB about the entity of this model. We often will use Inversion Engineering here, Database Schema is will create based on recently Entity Model. From now we will absolutely not interested in the DB again, only focus on the Entity Model.Fluent NHibenate really good, I liked this OSS. Sharp Architecture and has done so well in Fluent NHibernate integration with applications. A Multiple Database technical in Sharp Architecture is truly awesome. It can receive configuration, a connection string and a dll containing entity model, which would then create a SessionFactory, finally caching inside the computer memory. As the number of SessionFactory can be very large and will full of the memory, it has also devised a way of caching SessionFactory in the file. This post I hope this will not completely explain about and building a model of multiple databases. I just tried to mount a number of posts from the community and apply some of my knowledge to build a management model Session for ConfORM.As well as Fluent NHibernate, ConfORM also supported on the interface mapping, see this to understand it. So the first thing we will build the Entity Model for it, and here is what I will use the model for this article. A simple model for managing news and polls, it will be too easy for a number of people, but I hope not to bring complexity to this post.I will then have some code to build super type for the Entity Model. public interface IEntity<TId>    {        TId Id { get; set; }    } public abstract class EntityBase<TId> : IEntity<TId>    {        public virtual TId Id { get; set; }         public override bool Equals(object obj)        {            return Equals(obj as EntityBase<TId>);        }         private static bool IsTransient(EntityBase<TId> obj)        {            return obj != null &&            Equals(obj.Id, default(TId));        }         private Type GetUnproxiedType()        {            return GetType();        }         public virtual bool Equals(EntityBase<TId> other)        {            if (other == null)                return false;            if (ReferenceEquals(this, other))                return true;            if (!IsTransient(this) &&            !IsTransient(other) &&            Equals(Id, other.Id))            {                var otherType = other.GetUnproxiedType();                var thisType = GetUnproxiedType();                return thisType.IsAssignableFrom(otherType) ||                otherType.IsAssignableFrom(thisType);            }            return false;        }         public override int GetHashCode()        {            if (Equals(Id, default(TId)))                return base.GetHashCode();            return Id.GetHashCode();        }    } Database schema will be created as:The next step is to build the ConORM builder to create a NHibernate Configuration. Patrick have a excellent article about it at here. Contract of it below: public interface IConfigBuilder    {        Configuration BuildConfiguration(string connectionString, string sessionFactoryName);    } The idea here is that I will pass in a connection string and a set of the DLL containing the Entity Model and it makes me a NHibernate Configuration (shame that I stole this ideas of Sharp Architecture). And here is its code: public abstract class ConfORMConfigBuilder : RootObject, IConfigBuilder    {        private static IConfigurator _configurator;         protected IEnumerable<Type> DomainTypes;         private readonly IEnumerable<string> _assemblies;         protected ConfORMConfigBuilder(IEnumerable<string> assemblies)            : this(new Configurator(), assemblies)        {            _assemblies = assemblies;        }         protected ConfORMConfigBuilder(IConfigurator configurator, IEnumerable<string> assemblies)        {            _configurator = configurator;            _assemblies = assemblies;        }         public abstract void GetDatabaseIntegration(IDbIntegrationConfigurationProperties dBIntegration, string connectionString);         protected abstract HbmMapping GetMapping();         public Configuration BuildConfiguration(string connectionString, string sessionFactoryName)        {            Contract.Requires(!string.IsNullOrEmpty(connectionString), "ConnectionString is null or empty");            Contract.Requires(!string.IsNullOrEmpty(sessionFactoryName), "SessionFactory name is null or empty");            Contract.Requires(_configurator != null, "Configurator is null");             return CatchExceptionHelper.TryCatchFunction(                () =>                {                    DomainTypes = GetTypeOfEntities(_assemblies);                     if (DomainTypes == null)                        throw new Exception("Type of domains is null");                     var configure = new Configuration();                    configure.SessionFactoryName(sessionFactoryName);                     configure.Proxy(p => p.ProxyFactoryFactory<ProxyFactoryFactory>());                    configure.DataBaseIntegration(db => GetDatabaseIntegration(db, connectionString));                     if (_configurator.GetAppSettingString("IsCreateNewDatabase").ConvertToBoolean())                    {                        configure.SetProperty("hbm2ddl.auto", "create-drop");                    }                     configure.Properties.Add("default_schema", _configurator.GetAppSettingString("DefaultSchema"));                    configure.AddDeserializedMapping(GetMapping(),                                                     _configurator.GetAppSettingString("DocumentFileName"));                     SchemaMetadataUpdater.QuoteTableAndColumns(configure);                     return configure;                }, Logger);        }         protected IEnumerable<Type> GetTypeOfEntities(IEnumerable<string> assemblies)        {            var type = typeof(EntityBase<Guid>);            var domainTypes = new List<Type>();             foreach (var assembly in assemblies)            {                var realAssembly = Assembly.LoadFrom(assembly);                 if (realAssembly == null)                    throw new NullReferenceException();                 domainTypes.AddRange(realAssembly.GetTypes().Where(                    t =>                    {                        if (t.BaseType != null)                            return string.Compare(t.BaseType.FullName,                                          type.FullName) == 0;                        return false;                    }));            }             return domainTypes;        }    } I do not want to dependency on any RDBMS, so I made a builder as an abstract class, and so I will create a concrete instance for SQL Server 2008 as follows: public class SqlServerConfORMConfigBuilder : ConfORMConfigBuilder    {        public SqlServerConfORMConfigBuilder(IEnumerable<string> assemblies)            : base(assemblies)        {        }         public override void GetDatabaseIntegration(IDbIntegrationConfigurationProperties dBIntegration, string connectionString)        {            dBIntegration.Dialect<MsSql2008Dialect>();            dBIntegration.Driver<SqlClientDriver>();            dBIntegration.KeywordsAutoImport = Hbm2DDLKeyWords.AutoQuote;            dBIntegration.IsolationLevel = IsolationLevel.ReadCommitted;            dBIntegration.ConnectionString = connectionString;            dBIntegration.LogSqlInConsole = true;            dBIntegration.Timeout = 10;            dBIntegration.LogFormatedSql = true;            dBIntegration.HqlToSqlSubstitutions = "true 1, false 0, yes 'Y', no 'N'";        }         protected override HbmMapping GetMapping()        {            var orm = new ObjectRelationalMapper();             orm.Patterns.PoidStrategies.Add(new GuidPoidPattern());             var patternsAppliers = new CoolPatternsAppliersHolder(orm);            //patternsAppliers.Merge(new DatePropertyByNameApplier()).Merge(new MsSQL2008DateTimeApplier());            patternsAppliers.Merge(new ManyToOneColumnNamingApplier());            patternsAppliers.Merge(new OneToManyKeyColumnNamingApplier(orm));             var mapper = new Mapper(orm, patternsAppliers);             var entities = new List<Type>();             DomainDefinition(orm);            Customize(mapper);             entities.AddRange(DomainTypes);             return mapper.CompileMappingFor(entities);        }         private void DomainDefinition(IObjectRelationalMapper orm)        {            orm.TablePerClassHierarchy(new[] { typeof(EntityBase<Guid>) });            orm.TablePerClass(DomainTypes);             orm.OneToOne<News, Poll>();            orm.ManyToOne<Category, News>();             orm.Cascade<Category, News>(Cascade.All);            orm.Cascade<News, Poll>(Cascade.All);            orm.Cascade<User, Poll>(Cascade.All);        }         private static void Customize(Mapper mapper)        {            CustomizeRelations(mapper);            CustomizeTables(mapper);            CustomizeColumns(mapper);        }         private static void CustomizeRelations(Mapper mapper)        {        }         private static void CustomizeTables(Mapper mapper)        {        }         private static void CustomizeColumns(Mapper mapper)        {            mapper.Class<Category>(                cm =>                {                    cm.Property(x => x.Name, m => m.NotNullable(true));                    cm.Property(x => x.CreatedDate, m => m.NotNullable(true));                });             mapper.Class<News>(                cm =>                {                    cm.Property(x => x.Title, m => m.NotNullable(true));                    cm.Property(x => x.ShortDescription, m => m.NotNullable(true));                    cm.Property(x => x.Content, m => m.NotNullable(true));                });             mapper.Class<Poll>(                cm =>                {                    cm.Property(x => x.Value, m => m.NotNullable(true));                    cm.Property(x => x.VoteDate, m => m.NotNullable(true));                    cm.Property(x => x.WhoVote, m => m.NotNullable(true));                });             mapper.Class<User>(                cm =>                {                    cm.Property(x => x.UserName, m => m.NotNullable(true));                    cm.Property(x => x.Password, m => m.NotNullable(true));                });        }    } As you can see that we can do so many things in this class, such as custom entity relationships, custom binding on the columns, custom table name, ... Here I only made two so-Appliers for OneToMany and ManyToOne relationships, you can refer to it here public class ManyToOneColumnNamingApplier : IPatternApplier<PropertyPath, IManyToOneMapper>    {        #region IPatternApplier<PropertyPath,IManyToOneMapper> Members         public void Apply(PropertyPath subject, IManyToOneMapper applyTo)        {            applyTo.Column(subject.ToColumnName() + "Id");        }         #endregion         #region IPattern<PropertyPath> Members         public bool Match(PropertyPath subject)        {            return subject != null;        }         #endregion    } public class OneToManyKeyColumnNamingApplier : OneToManyPattern, IPatternApplier<PropertyPath, ICollectionPropertiesMapper>    {        public OneToManyKeyColumnNamingApplier(IDomainInspector domainInspector) : base(domainInspector) { }         #region Implementation of IPattern<PropertyPath>         public bool Match(PropertyPath subject)        {            return Match(subject.LocalMember);        }         #endregion Implementation of IPattern<PropertyPath>         #region Implementation of IPatternApplier<PropertyPath,ICollectionPropertiesMapper>         public void Apply(PropertyPath subject, ICollectionPropertiesMapper applyTo)        {            applyTo.Key(km => km.Column(GetKeyColumnName(subject)));        }         #endregion Implementation of IPatternApplier<PropertyPath,ICollectionPropertiesMapper>         protected virtual string GetKeyColumnName(PropertyPath subject)        {            Type propertyType = subject.LocalMember.GetPropertyOrFieldType();            Type childType = propertyType.DetermineCollectionElementType();            var entity = subject.GetContainerEntity(DomainInspector);            var parentPropertyInChild = childType.GetFirstPropertyOfType(entity);            var baseName = parentPropertyInChild == null ? subject.PreviousPath == null ? entity.Name : entity.Name + subject.PreviousPath : parentPropertyInChild.Name;            return GetKeyColumnName(baseName);        }         protected virtual string GetKeyColumnName(string baseName)        {            return string.Format("{0}Id", baseName);        }    } Everyone also can download the ConfORM source at google code and see example inside it. Next part I will write about multiple database factory. Hope you enjoy about it. happy coding and see you next part.

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• Lot's of errors by insserv on apt-get operations after trying to install tomcat

  - by yankee

  I wanted to install tomcat on my Debian 6.0.4 machine. I tried apt-get install tomcat6-user which worked fine. But then I changed my mind about the user installation and wanted to install the package tomcat6. This resulted in a bunch of errors (see below). Now whatever I try to do with apt-get or with aptitude (trying to remove tomcat6-user, trying to remove tomcat6, trying to perform an apt-get upgrade,...) just results in the same list of errors. How did I manage that? And how can I fix it? # apt-get install tomcat6 Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following extra packages will be installed: authbind Suggested packages: tomcat6-docs tomcat6-admin tomcat6-examples libtcnative-1 The following NEW packages will be installed: authbind tomcat6 0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 32 not upgraded. Need to get 56.6 kB of archives. After this operation, 442 kB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? Get:1 http://mirror.hetzner.de/debian/packages/ squeeze/main authbind amd64 1.2.0 [17.3 kB] Get:2 http://mirror.hetzner.de/debian/security/ squeeze/updates/main tomcat6 all 6.0.35-1+squeeze2 [39.3 kB] Fetched 56.6 kB in 0s (441 kB/s) Preconfiguring packages ... Selecting previously deselected package authbind. (Reading database ... 34717 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking authbind (from .../authbind_1.2.0_amd64.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package tomcat6. Unpacking tomcat6 (from .../tomcat6_6.0.35-1+squeeze2_all.deb) ... Processing triggers for man-db ... Setting up authbind (1.2.0) ... Setting up tomcat6 (6.0.35-1+squeeze2) ... Creating config file /etc/default/tomcat6 with new version Adding system user `tomcat6' (UID 108) ... Adding new user `tomcat6' (UID 108) with group `tomcat6' ... Not creating home directory `/usr/share/tomcat6'. insserv: warning: script 'S99iptables-custom' missing LSB tags and overrides insserv: warning: script 'iptables-custom' missing LSB tags and overrides insserv: There is a loop at service iptables-custom if started insserv: There is a loop between service rmnologin and mountnfs if started insserv: loop involving service mountnfs at depth 6 insserv: loop involving service networking at depth 5 insserv: loop involving service kbd at depth 9 insserv: There is a loop between service rmnologin and mountall-bootclean if started insserv: loop involving service mountall-bootclean at depth 5 insserv: loop involving service mountall at depth 4 insserv: There is a loop between service iptables-custom and lvm2 if started insserv: loop involving service lvm2 at depth 2 insserv: loop involving service udev at depth 1 insserv: There is a loop at service rmnologin if started insserv: There is a loop between service iptables-custom and checkroot if started insserv: loop involving service checkroot at depth 2 insserv: loop involving service keyboard-setup at depth 1 insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Max recursions depth 99 reached insserv: loop involving service courier-imap-ssl at depth 1 insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: loop involving service hwclockfirst at depth 2 insserv: loop involving service mountoverflowtmp at depth 9 insserv: loop involving service checkfs at depth 6 insserv: loop involving service mdadm-raid at depth 4 insserv: loop involving service hostname at depth 3 insserv: There is a loop between service iptables-custom and ifupdown-clean if started insserv: loop involving service ifupdown-clean at depth 5 insserv: There is a loop between service rmnologin and mountall if started insserv: There is a loop between service iptables-custom and mountdevsubfs if started insserv: loop involving service mountdevsubfs at depth 1 insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: loop involving service mtab at depth 6 insserv: There is a loop between service rmnologin and mountoverflowtmp if started insserv: Starting iptables-custom depends on rmnologin and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: exiting now without changing boot order! update-rc.d: error: insserv rejected the script header dpkg: error processing tomcat6 (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 configured to not write apport reports Errors were encountered while processing: tomcat6 E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

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• Failed to install ntp via apt-get in Debian

  - by Petah

  When trying to install ntp (because my server clock is wrong), it just pukes this massive error. Any idea how to fix this? root@pan-prodweb01:~# apt-get install ntp Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done ntp is already the newest version. 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 75 not upgraded. 1 not fully installed or removed. After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? Y Setting up ntp (1:4.2.6.p2+dfsg-1+b1) ... insserv: warning: script 'S99obmaua' missing LSB tags and overrides insserv: warning: script 'S99obmscheduler' missing LSB tags and overrides insserv: warning: script 'obmscheduler' missing LSB tags and overrides insserv: warning: script 'obmaua' missing LSB tags and overrides insserv: There is a loop between service stop-bootlogd and mountnfs if started insserv: loop involving service mountnfs at depth 8 insserv: loop involving service nfs-common at depth 7 insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$aconfigured to not write apport reports ll' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmaua depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Starting obmscheduler depends on stop-bootlogd and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true! insserv: Max recursions depth 99 reached insserv: loop involving service tomcat6 at depth 9 insserv: There is a loop between service stop-bootlogd and mountall if started insserv: loop involving service mountall at depth 4 insserv: loop involving service checkfs at depth 3 insserv: loop involving service mountnfs-bootclean at depth 10 insserv: loop involving service networking at depth 6 insserv: There is a loop between service stop-bootlogd and checkroot if started insserv: loop involving service checkroot at depth 5 insserv: loop involving service hostname at depth 4 insserv: loop involving service kbd at depth 12 insserv: loop involving service module-init-tools at depth 6 insserv: There is a loop between service stop-bootlogd and mountoverflowtmp if started insserv: loop involving service mountoverflowtmp at depth 9 insserv: loop involving service mountall-bootclean at depth 8 insserv: There is a loop at service obmaua if started insserv: There is a loop between service obmaua and ifupdown-clean if started insserv: loop involving service ifupdown-clean at depth 6 insserv: There is a loop at service stop-bootlogd if started insserv: loop involving service obmaua at depth 1 insserv: loop involving service mtab at depth 7 insserv: exiting now without changing boot order! update-rc.d: error: insserv rejected the script header dpkg: error processing ntp (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 Errors were encountered while processing: ntp localepurge: Disk space freed in /usr/share/locale: 0 KiB localepurge: Disk space freed in /usr/share/man: 0 KiB Total disk space freed by localepurge: 0 KiB E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

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• Activation Error while testing Exception Handling Application Block

  - by CletusLoomis

  I'm getting the following error while testing my EHAB implementation: {"Activation error occured while trying to get instance of type ExceptionPolicyImpl, key "LogPolicy""} System.Exception Stack Trace: StackTrace " at Microsoft.Practices.ServiceLocation.ServiceLocatorImplBase.GetInstance(Type serviceType, String key) in c:\Home\Chris\Projects\CommonServiceLocator\main\Microsoft.Practices.ServiceLocation\ServiceLocatorImplBase.cs:line 53 at Microsoft.Practices.ServiceLocation.ServiceLocatorImplBase.GetInstance[TService](String key) in c:\Home\Chris\Projects\CommonServiceLocator\main\Microsoft.Practices.ServiceLocation\ServiceLocatorImplBase.cs:line 103 at Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.ExceptionPolicy.GetExceptionPolicy(Exception exception, String policyName) in e:\Builds\EntLib\Latest\Source\Blocks\ExceptionHandling\Src\ExceptionHandling\ExceptionPolicy.cs:line 131 at Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.ExceptionPolicy.HandleException(Exception exceptionToHandle, String policyName) in e:\Builds\EntLib\Latest\Source\Blocks\ExceptionHandling\Src\ExceptionHandling\ExceptionPolicy.cs:line 55 at Blackbox.Exception.ExceptionMain.LogException(Exception pException) in C:_Work_Black Box\Blackbox.Exception\ExceptionMain.vb:line 14 at BlackBox.Business.BusinessMain.TestExceptionHandling() in C:_Work_Black Box\BlackBox.Business\BusinessMain.vb:line 16 at Blackbox.Service.Service1.TestExceptionHandling() in C:_Work_Black Box\Blackbox.Service\Service.svc.vb:line 43" String Inner Exception: InnerException {"Resolution of the dependency failed, type = "Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.ExceptionPolicyImpl", name = "LogPolicy". Exception occurred while: Calling constructor Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.TraceListeners.FormattedEventLogTraceListener(System.String source, System.String log, System.String machineName, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.Formatters.ILogFormatter formatter). Exception is: ArgumentException - Event log names must consist of printable characters and cannot contain \, *, ?, or spaces At the time of the exception, the container was: Resolving Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.ExceptionPolicyImpl,LogPolicy Resolving parameter "policyEntries" of constructor Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.ExceptionPolicyImpl(System.String policyName, System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable1[[Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.ExceptionPolicyEntry, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling, Version=5.0.414.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35]] policyEntries) Resolving Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.ExceptionPolicyEntry,LogPolicy.All Exceptions Resolving parameter "handlers" of constructor Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.ExceptionPolicyEntry(System.Type exceptionType, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.PostHandlingAction postHandlingAction, System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable1[[Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.IExceptionHandler, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling, Version=5.0.414.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35]] handlers, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.Instrumentation.IExceptionHandlingInstrumentationProvider instrumentationProvider) Resolving Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.Logging.LoggingExceptionHandler,LogPolicy.All Exceptions.Logging Exception Handler (mapped from Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.IExceptionHandler, LogPolicy.All Exceptions.Logging Exception Handler) Resolving parameter "writer" of constructor Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.Logging.LoggingExceptionHandler(System.String logCategory, System.Int32 eventId, System.Diagnostics.TraceEventType severity, System.String title, System.Int32 priority, System.Type formatterType, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.LogWriter writer) Resolving Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.LogWriterImpl,LogWriter.default (mapped from Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.LogWriter, (none)) Resolving parameter "structureHolder" of constructor Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.LogWriterImpl(Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.LogWriterStructureHolder structureHolder, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.Instrumentation.ILoggingInstrumentationProvider instrumentationProvider, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.ILoggingUpdateCoordinator updateCoordinator) Resolving Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.LogWriterStructureHolder,LogWriterStructureHolder.default (mapped from Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.LogWriterStructureHolder, (none)) Resolving parameter "traceSources" of constructor Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.LogWriterStructureHolder(System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable1[[Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.Filters.ILogFilter, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging, Version=5.0.414.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35]] filters, System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable1[[System.String, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089]] traceSourceNames, System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable1[[Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.LogSource, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging, Version=5.0.414.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35]] traceSources, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.LogSource allEventsTraceSource, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.LogSource notProcessedTraceSource, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.LogSource errorsTraceSource, System.String defaultCategory, System.Boolean tracingEnabled, System.Boolean logWarningsWhenNoCategoriesMatch, System.Boolean revertImpersonation) Resolving Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.LogSource,General Resolving parameter "traceListeners" of constructor Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.LogSource(System.String name, System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable1[[System.Diagnostics.TraceListener, System, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089]] traceListeners, System.Diagnostics.SourceLevels level, System.Boolean autoFlush, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.Instrumentation.ILoggingInstrumentationProvider instrumentationProvider) Resolving Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.TraceListeners.ReconfigurableTraceListenerWrapper,Event Log Listener (mapped from System.Diagnostics.TraceListener, Event Log Listener) Resolving parameter "wrappedTraceListener" of constructor Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.TraceListeners.ReconfigurableTraceListenerWrapper(System.Diagnostics.TraceListener wrappedTraceListener, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.ILoggingUpdateCoordinator coordinator) Resolving Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.TraceListeners.FormattedEventLogTraceListener,Event Log Listener?implementation (mapped from System.Diagnostics.TraceListener, Event Log Listener?implementation) Calling constructor Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.TraceListeners.FormattedEventLogTraceListener(System.String source, System.String log, System.String machineName, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.Formatters.ILogFormatter formatter) "} System.Exception My web.config is as follows: <?xml version="1.0"?> <configuration> <configSections> <section name="loggingConfiguration" type="Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.Configuration.LoggingSettings, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging, Version=5.0.414.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" requirePermission="true" /> <section name="exceptionHandling" type="Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.Configuration.ExceptionHandlingSettings, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling, Version=5.0.414.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" requirePermission="true" /> </configSections> <loggingConfiguration name="" tracingEnabled="true" defaultCategory="General"> <listeners> <add name="Event Log Listener" type="Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.TraceListeners.FormattedEventLogTraceListener, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging, Version=5.0.414.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" listenerDataType="Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.Configuration.FormattedEventLogTraceListenerData, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging, Version=5.0.414.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" source="Enterprise Library Logging" formatter="Text Formatter" log="C:\Blackbox.log" machineName="." traceOutputOptions="LogicalOperationStack, DateTime, Timestamp, Callstack" /> </listeners> <formatters> <add type="Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.Formatters.TextFormatter, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging, Version=5.0.414.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" template="Timestamp: {timestamp}{newline}&#xA;Message: {message}{newline}&#xA;Category: {category}{newline}&#xA;Priority: {priority}{newline}&#xA;EventId: {eventid}{newline}&#xA;Severity: {severity}{newline}&#xA;Title:{title}{newline}&#xA;Machine: {localMachine}{newline}&#xA;App Domain: {localAppDomain}{newline}&#xA;ProcessId: {localProcessId}{newline}&#xA;Process Name: {localProcessName}{newline}&#xA;Thread Name: {threadName}{newline}&#xA;Win32 ThreadId:{win32ThreadId}{newline}&#xA;Extended Properties: {dictionary({key} - {value}{newline})}" name="Text Formatter" /> </formatters> <categorySources> <add switchValue="All" name="General"> <listeners> <add name="Event Log Listener" /> </listeners> </add> </categorySources> <specialSources> <allEvents switchValue="All" name="All Events" /> <notProcessed switchValue="All" name="Unprocessed Category" /> <errors switchValue="All" name="Logging Errors &amp; Warnings"> <listeners> <add name="Event Log Listener" /> </listeners> </errors> </specialSources> </loggingConfiguration> <exceptionHandling> <exceptionPolicies> <add name="LogPolicy"> <exceptionTypes> <add name="All Exceptions" type="System.Exception, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" postHandlingAction="NotifyRethrow"> <exceptionHandlers> <add name="Logging Exception Handler" type="Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.Logging.LoggingExceptionHandler, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.Logging, Version=5.0.414.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" logCategory="General" eventId="100" severity="Error" title="Enterprise Library Exception Handling" formatterType="Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.TextExceptionFormatter, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling" priority="0" /> </exceptionHandlers> </add> </exceptionTypes> </add> <add name="WcfExceptionShielding"> <exceptionTypes> <add name="InvalidOperationException" type="System.InvalidOperationException, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" postHandlingAction="ThrowNewException"> <exceptionHandlers> <add type="Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.WCF.FaultContractExceptionHandler, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.WCF, Version=5.0.414.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" exceptionMessageResourceType="" exceptionMessageResourceName="This is the message" exceptionMessage="This is the exception" faultContractType="Blackbox.Service.WCFFault, Blackbox.Service, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null" name="Fault Contract Exception Handler"> <mappings> <add source="{Guid}" name="Id" /> <add source="{Message}" name="MessageText" /> </mappings> </add> </exceptionHandlers> </add> </exceptionTypes> </add> </exceptionPolicies> </exceptionHandling> <connectionStrings> <add name="CompassEntities" connectionString="metadata=~\bin\CompassModel.csdl|~\bin\CompassModel.ssdl|~\bin\CompassModel.msl;provider=Devart.Data.Oracle;provider connection string=&quot;User Id=foo;Password=foo;Server=foo64mo;Home=OraClient11g_home1;Persist Security Info=True&quot;" providerName="System.Data.EntityClient" /> <add name="BlackboxEntities" connectionString="metadata=~\bin\BlackboxModel.csdl|~\bin\BlackboxModel.ssdl|~\bin\BlackboxModel.msl;provider=System.Data.SqlClient;provider connection string=&quot;Data Source=sqldev1\cps;Initial Catalog=FundServ;Integrated Security=True;MultipleActiveResultSets=True&quot;" providerName="System.Data.EntityClient" /> </connectionStrings> <system.web> <compilation debug="true" strict="false" explicit="true" targetFramework="4.0" /> </system.web> <system.serviceModel> <behaviors> <serviceBehaviors> <behavior> <!-- To avoid disclosing metadata information, set the value below to false and remove the metadata endpoint above before deployment --> <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true"/> <!-- To receive exception details in faults for debugging purposes, set the value below to true. Set to false before deployment to avoid disclosing exception information --> <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="false"/> </behavior> </serviceBehaviors> </behaviors> <serviceHostingEnvironment multipleSiteBindingsEnabled="true" /> </system.serviceModel> <system.webServer> <modules runAllManagedModulesForAllRequests="true"/> </system.webServer> </configuration> My code is as follows: Public Shared Function LogException(ByVal pException As System.Exception) As Boolean Return ExceptionPolicy.HandleException(pException, "LogPolicy") End Function Any assistance is appreciated.

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• web.xml not reloading in tomcat even after stop/start

  - by ajay

  This is in relation to:- http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2576514/basic-tomcat-servlet-error I changed my web.xml file, did ant compile , all, /etc/init.d/tomcat stop , start Even then my web.xml file in tomcat deployment is still unchanged. This is build.properties file:- app.name=hello catalina.home=/usr/local/tomcat manager.username=admin manager.password=admin This is my build.xml file. Is there something wrong with this:- <!-- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. --> <!-- General purpose build script for web applications and web services, including enhanced support for deploying directly to a Tomcat 6 based server. This build script assumes that the source code of your web application is organized into the following subdirectories underneath the source code directory from which you execute the build script: docs Static documentation files to be copied to the "docs" subdirectory of your distribution. src Java source code (and associated resource files) to be compiled to the "WEB-INF/classes" subdirectory of your web applicaiton. web Static HTML, JSP, and other content (such as image files), including the WEB-INF subdirectory and its configuration file contents. $Id: build.xml.txt 562814 2007-08-05 03:52:04Z markt $ --> <!-- A "project" describes a set of targets that may be requested when Ant is executed. The "default" attribute defines the target which is executed if no specific target is requested, and the "basedir" attribute defines the current working directory from which Ant executes the requested task. This is normally set to the current working directory. --> <project name="My Project" default="compile" basedir="."> <!-- ===================== Property Definitions =========================== --> <!-- Each of the following properties are used in the build script. Values for these properties are set by the first place they are defined, from the following list: * Definitions on the "ant" command line (ant -Dfoo=bar compile). * Definitions from a "build.properties" file in the top level source directory of this application. * Definitions from a "build.properties" file in the developer's home directory. * Default definitions in this build.xml file. You will note below that property values can be composed based on the contents of previously defined properties. This is a powerful technique that helps you minimize the number of changes required when your development environment is modified. Note that property composition is allowed within "build.properties" files as well as in the "build.xml" script. --> <property file="build.properties"/> <property file="${user.home}/build.properties"/> <!-- ==================== File and Directory Names ======================== --> <!-- These properties generally define file and directory names (or paths) that affect where the build process stores its outputs. app.name Base name of this application, used to construct filenames and directories. Defaults to "myapp". app.path Context path to which this application should be deployed (defaults to "/" plus the value of the "app.name" property). app.version Version number of this iteration of the application. build.home The directory into which the "prepare" and "compile" targets will generate their output. Defaults to "build". catalina.home The directory in which you have installed a binary distribution of Tomcat 6. This will be used by the "deploy" target. dist.home The name of the base directory in which distribution files are created. Defaults to "dist". manager.password The login password of a user that is assigned the "manager" role (so that he or she can execute commands via the "/manager" web application) manager.url The URL of the "/manager" web application on the Tomcat installation to which we will deploy web applications and web services. manager.username The login username of a user that is assigned the "manager" role (so that he or she can execute commands via the "/manager" web application) --> <property name="app.name" value="myapp"/> <property name="app.path" value="/${app.name}"/> <property name="app.version" value="0.1-dev"/> <property name="build.home" value="${basedir}/build"/> <property name="catalina.home" value="../../../.."/> <!-- UPDATE THIS! --> <property name="dist.home" value="${basedir}/dist"/> <property name="docs.home" value="${basedir}/docs"/> <property name="manager.url" value="http://localhost:8080/manager"/> <property name="src.home" value="${basedir}/src"/> <property name="web.home" value="${basedir}/web"/> <!-- ==================== External Dependencies =========================== --> <!-- Use property values to define the locations of external JAR files on which your application will depend. In general, these values will be used for two purposes: * Inclusion on the classpath that is passed to the Javac compiler * Being copied into the "/WEB-INF/lib" directory during execution of the "deploy" target. Because we will automatically include all of the Java classes that Tomcat 6 exposes to web applications, we will not need to explicitly list any of those dependencies. You only need to worry about external dependencies for JAR files that you are going to include inside your "/WEB-INF/lib" directory. --> <!-- Dummy external dependency --> <!-- <property name="foo.jar" value="/path/to/foo.jar"/> --> <!-- ==================== Compilation Classpath =========================== --> <!-- Rather than relying on the CLASSPATH environment variable, Ant includes features that makes it easy to dynamically construct the classpath you need for each compilation. The example below constructs the compile classpath to include the servlet.jar file, as well as the other components that Tomcat makes available to web applications automatically, plus anything that you explicitly added. --> <path id="compile.classpath"> <!-- Include all JAR files that will be included in /WEB-INF/lib --> <!-- *** CUSTOMIZE HERE AS REQUIRED BY YOUR APPLICATION *** --> <!-- <pathelement location="${foo.jar}"/> --> <!-- Include all elements that Tomcat exposes to applications --> <fileset dir="${catalina.home}/bin"> <include name="*.jar"/> </fileset> <pathelement location="${catalina.home}/lib"/> <fileset dir="${catalina.home}/lib"> <include name="*.jar"/> </fileset> </path> <!-- ================== Custom Ant Task Definitions ======================= --> <!-- These properties define custom tasks for the Ant build tool that interact with the "/manager" web application installed with Tomcat 6. Before they can be successfully utilized, you must perform the following steps: - Copy the file "lib/catalina-ant.jar" from your Tomcat 6 installation into the "lib" directory of your Ant installation. - Create a "build.properties" file in your application's top-level source directory (or your user login home directory) that defines appropriate values for the "manager.password", "manager.url", and "manager.username" properties described above. For more information about the Manager web application, and the functionality of these tasks, see <http://localhost:8080/tomcat-docs/manager-howto.html>. --> <taskdef resource="org/apache/catalina/ant/catalina.tasks" classpathref="compile.classpath"/> <!-- ==================== Compilation Control Options ==================== --> <!-- These properties control option settings on the Javac compiler when it is invoked using the <javac> task. compile.debug Should compilation include the debug option? compile.deprecation Should compilation include the deprecation option? compile.optimize Should compilation include the optimize option? --> <property name="compile.debug" value="true"/> <property name="compile.deprecation" value="false"/> <property name="compile.optimize" value="true"/> <!-- ==================== All Target ====================================== --> <!-- The "all" target is a shortcut for running the "clean" target followed by the "compile" target, to force a complete recompile. --> <target name="all" depends="clean,compile" description="Clean build and dist directories, then compile"/> <!-- ==================== Clean Target ==================================== --> <!-- The "clean" target deletes any previous "build" and "dist" directory, so that you can be ensured the application can be built from scratch. --> <target name="clean" description="Delete old build and dist directories"> <delete dir="${build.home}"/> <delete dir="${dist.home}"/> </target> <!-- ==================== Compile Target ================================== --> <!-- The "compile" target transforms source files (from your "src" directory) into object files in the appropriate location in the build directory. This example assumes that you will be including your classes in an unpacked directory hierarchy under "/WEB-INF/classes". --> <target name="compile" depends="prepare" description="Compile Java sources"> <!-- Compile Java classes as necessary --> <mkdir dir="${build.home}/WEB-INF/classes"/> <javac srcdir="${src.home}" destdir="${build.home}/WEB-INF/classes" debug="${compile.debug}" deprecation="${compile.deprecation}" optimize="${compile.optimize}"> <classpath refid="compile.classpath"/> </javac> <!-- Copy application resources --> <copy todir="${build.home}/WEB-INF/classes"> <fileset dir="${src.home}" excludes="**/*.java"/> </copy> </target> <!-- ==================== Dist Target ===================================== --> <!-- The "dist" target creates a binary distribution of your application in a directory structure ready to be archived in a tar.gz or zip file. Note that this target depends on two others: * "compile" so that the entire web application (including external dependencies) will have been assembled * "javadoc" so that the application Javadocs will have been created --> <target name="dist" depends="compile,javadoc" description="Create binary distribution"> <!-- Copy documentation subdirectories --> <mkdir dir="${dist.home}/docs"/> <copy todir="${dist.home}/docs"> <fileset dir="${docs.home}"/> </copy> <!-- Create application JAR file --> <jar jarfile="${dist.home}/${app.name}-${app.version}.war" basedir="${build.home}"/> <!-- Copy additional files to ${dist.home} as necessary --> </target> <!-- ==================== Install Target ================================== --> <!-- The "install" target tells the specified Tomcat 6 installation to dynamically install this web application and make it available for execution. It does *not* cause the existence of this web application to be remembered across Tomcat restarts; if you restart the server, you will need to re-install all this web application. If you have already installed this application, and simply want Tomcat to recognize that you have updated Java classes (or the web.xml file), use the "reload" target instead. NOTE: This target will only succeed if it is run from the same server that Tomcat is running on. NOTE: This is the logical opposite of the "remove" target. --> <target name="install" depends="compile" description="Install application to servlet container"> <deploy url="${manager.url}" username="${manager.username}" password="${manager.password}" path="${app.path}" localWar="file://${build.home}"/> </target> <!-- ==================== Javadoc Target ================================== --> <!-- The "javadoc" target creates Javadoc API documentation for the Java classes included in your application. Normally, this is only required when preparing a distribution release, but is available as a separate target in case the developer wants to create Javadocs independently. --> <target name="javadoc" depends="compile" description="Create Javadoc API documentation"> <mkdir dir="${dist.home}/docs/api"/> <javadoc sourcepath="${src.home}" destdir="${dist.home}/docs/api" packagenames="*"> <classpath refid="compile.classpath"/> </javadoc> </target> <!-- ====================== List Target =================================== --> <!-- The "list" target asks the specified Tomcat 6 installation to list the currently running web applications, either loaded at startup time or installed dynamically. It is useful to determine whether or not the application you are currently developing has been installed. --> <target name="list" description="List installed applications on servlet container"> <list url="${manager.url}" username="${manager.username}" password="${manager.password}"/> </target> <!-- ==================== Prepare Target ================================== --> <!-- The "prepare" target is used to create the "build" destination directory, and copy the static contents of your web application to it. If you need to copy static files from external dependencies, you can customize the contents of this task. Normally, this task is executed indirectly when needed. --> <target name="prepare"> <!-- Create build directories as needed --> <mkdir dir="${build.home}"/> <mkdir dir="${build.home}/WEB-INF"/> <mkdir dir="${build.home}/WEB-INF/classes"/> <!-- Copy static content of this web application --> <copy todir="${build.home}"> <fileset dir="${web.home}"/> </copy> <!-- Copy external dependencies as required --> <!-- *** CUSTOMIZE HERE AS REQUIRED BY YOUR APPLICATION *** --> <mkdir dir="${build.home}/WEB-INF/lib"/> <!-- <copy todir="${build.home}/WEB-INF/lib" file="${foo.jar}"/> --> <!-- Copy static files from external dependencies as needed --> <!-- *** CUSTOMIZE HERE AS REQUIRED BY YOUR APPLICATION *** --> </target> <!-- ==================== Reload Target =================================== --> <!-- The "reload" signals the specified application Tomcat 6 to shut itself down and reload. This can be useful when the web application context is not reloadable and you have updated classes or property files in the /WEB-INF/classes directory or when you have added or updated jar files in the /WEB-INF/lib directory. NOTE: The /WEB-INF/web.xml web application configuration file is not reread on a reload. If you have made changes to your web.xml file you must stop then start the web application. --> <target name="reload" depends="compile" description="Reload application on servlet container"> <reload url="${manager.url}" username="${manager.username}" password="${manager.password}" path="${app.path}"/> </target> <!-- ==================== Remove Target =================================== --> <!-- The "remove" target tells the specified Tomcat 6 installation to dynamically remove this web application from service. NOTE: This is the logical opposite of the "install" target. --> <target name="remove" description="Remove application on servlet container"> <undeploy url="${manager.url}" username="${manager.username}" password="${manager.password}" path="${app.path}"/> </target> </project>

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• Jboss Seam: Enabling Debug page on WebLogic 10.3.2 (11g)

  - by Markos Fragkakis

  Hi all, SKIP TO UPDATE 3 I want to enable the Seam debug page on Weblogic 10.3.2 (11g). So, I have done the following: I have the jboss-seam and jboss-seam-debug jars as dependency in both my ejb and web maven projects (both are modules of my superproject) I put this context parameter in my web.xml: <context-param> <param-name>org.jboss.seam.core.init.debug</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </context-param> Now, when I hit the URL of my application, I get the debug page with this exception (full stacktrace at the end of the post): Caused by java.lang.IllegalStateException with message: "No phase id bound to current thread (make sure you do not have two SeamPhaseListener instances installed)" From posts I read it seems that this is somehow related to two jars of jboss-seam or jboss-seam-debug being in the classpath. I opened my ear file and only one of each is present (in the ear) whereas the war itself has no libraries in the WEB-INF/lib. I have also read of another way to initialize debug page using the components.xml. I also tried to include the following components.xml in the WEB-INF, but it didn't work either: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <components xmlns="http://jboss.com/products/seam/components" xmlns:core="http://jboss.com/products/seam/core" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://jboss.com/products/seam/core http://jboss.com/products/seam/core-2.2.xsd http://jboss.com/products/seam/components http://jboss.com/products/seam/components-2.2.xsd"> <core:init debug="true"/> </components> Any suggestions on what to do to enable the debug page correctly? Cheers! Full stacktrace: org.jboss.seam.contexts.PageContext.getPhaseId(PageContext.java:163) org.jboss.seam.contexts.PageContext.isBeforeInvokeApplicationPhase(PageContext.java:175) org.jboss.seam.contexts.PageContext.getCurrentWritableMap(PageContext.java:91) org.jboss.seam.contexts.PageContext.remove(PageContext.java:105) org.jboss.seam.Component.newInstance(Component.java:2141) org.jboss.seam.Component.getInstance(Component.java:2021) org.jboss.seam.Component.getInstance(Component.java:2000) org.jboss.seam.Component.getInstance(Component.java:1994) org.jboss.seam.Component.getInstance(Component.java:1967) org.jboss.seam.Component.getInstance(Component.java:1962) org.jboss.seam.faces.FacesPage.instance(FacesPage.java:92) org.jboss.seam.core.ConversationPropagation.restorePageContextConversationId(ConversationPropagation.java:84) org.jboss.seam.core.ConversationPropagation.restoreConversationId(ConversationPropagation.java:57) org.jboss.seam.jsf.SeamPhaseListener.afterRestoreView(SeamPhaseListener.java:391) org.jboss.seam.jsf.SeamPhaseListener.afterServletPhase(SeamPhaseListener.java:230) org.jboss.seam.jsf.SeamPhaseListener.afterPhase(SeamPhaseListener.java:196) com.sun.faces.lifecycle.Phase.handleAfterPhase(Phase.java:175) com.sun.faces.lifecycle.Phase.doPhase(Phase.java:114) com.sun.faces.lifecycle.RestoreViewPhase.doPhase(RestoreViewPhase.java:104) com.sun.faces.lifecycle.LifecycleImpl.execute(LifecycleImpl.java:118) javax.faces.webapp.FacesServlet.service(FacesServlet.java:265) weblogic.servlet.internal.StubSecurityHelper$ServletServiceAction.run(StubSecurityHelper.java:227) weblogic.servlet.internal.StubSecurityHelper.invokeServlet(StubSecurityHelper.java:125) weblogic.servlet.internal.ServletStubImpl.execute(ServletStubImpl.java:292) weblogic.servlet.internal.TailFilter.doFilter(TailFilter.java:26) weblogic.servlet.internal.FilterChainImpl.doFilter(FilterChainImpl.java:56) org.ajax4jsf.webapp.BaseXMLFilter.doXmlFilter(BaseXMLFilter.java:178) org.ajax4jsf.webapp.BaseFilter.handleRequest(BaseFilter.java:290) org.ajax4jsf.webapp.BaseFilter.processUploadsAndHandleRequest(BaseFilter.java:388) org.ajax4jsf.webapp.BaseFilter.doFilter(BaseFilter.java:515) weblogic.servlet.internal.FilterChainImpl.doFilter(FilterChainImpl.java:56) org.jboss.seam.servlet.SeamFilter$FilterChainImpl.doFilter(SeamFilter.java:83) org.jboss.seam.web.LoggingFilter.doFilter(LoggingFilter.java:60) org.jboss.seam.servlet.SeamFilter$FilterChainImpl.doFilter(SeamFilter.java:69) org.jboss.seam.web.IdentityFilter.doFilter(IdentityFilter.java:40) org.jboss.seam.servlet.SeamFilter$FilterChainImpl.doFilter(SeamFilter.java:69) org.jboss.seam.web.MultipartFilter.doFilter(MultipartFilter.java:90) org.jboss.seam.servlet.SeamFilter$FilterChainImpl.doFilter(SeamFilter.java:69) org.jboss.seam.web.ExceptionFilter.doFilter(ExceptionFilter.java:64) org.jboss.seam.servlet.SeamFilter$FilterChainImpl.doFilter(SeamFilter.java:69) org.jboss.seam.web.RedirectFilter.doFilter(RedirectFilter.java:45) org.jboss.seam.servlet.SeamFilter$FilterChainImpl.doFilter(SeamFilter.java:69) org.jboss.seam.web.HotDeployFilter.doFilter(HotDeployFilter.java:53) org.jboss.seam.servlet.SeamFilter$FilterChainImpl.doFilter(SeamFilter.java:69) org.jboss.seam.servlet.SeamFilter.doFilter(SeamFilter.java:158) weblogic.servlet.internal.FilterChainImpl.doFilter(FilterChainImpl.java:56) weblogic.servlet.internal.RequestEventsFilter.doFilter(RequestEventsFilter.java:27) weblogic.servlet.internal.FilterChainImpl.doFilter(FilterChainImpl.java:56) weblogic.servlet.internal.WebAppServletContext$ServletInvocationAction.run(WebAppServletContext.java:3592) weblogic.security.acl.internal.AuthenticatedSubject.doAs(AuthenticatedSubject.java:321) weblogic.security.service.SecurityManager.runAs(SecurityManager.java:121) weblogic.servlet.internal.WebAppServletContext.securedExecute(WebAppServletContext.java:2202) weblogic.servlet.internal.WebAppServletContext.execute(WebAppServletContext.java:2108) weblogic.servlet.internal.ServletRequestImpl.run(ServletRequestImpl.java:1432) weblogic.work.ExecuteThread.execute(ExecuteThread.java:201) weblogic.work.ExecuteThread.run(ExecuteThread.java:173) UPDATE 1: Now the debug page does not appear at all. When I ask for http://localhost/myapp/debug.xhtml I get a page with: myapp/debug.xhtml the same as any page that does not exist. I opened the .ear and the following jboss jars are in: jboss-seam-debug-2.2.0.GA.jar jboss-el-1.0_02.CR4.jar jboss-seam-2.2.0.GA.jar My current configuration: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org /2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" version="2.5"> <display-name>PRS 6.0</display-name> <session-config> <session-timeout>30</session-timeout> </session-config> <!-- The default behavior of JSF is to map the incoming request for a JSF view identifier (view ID for short) to a JSP file with the file extension .jsp. To get JSF to look for a Facelets template instead, we must register the .xhtml extension as the default suffix for JSF views --> <context-param> <param-name>javax.faces.DEFAULT_SUFFIX</param-name> <param-value>.xhtml</param-value> </context-param> <context-param> <param-name>javax.faces.STATE_SAVING_METHOD</param-name> <param-value>server</param-value> </context-param> <context-param> <param-name>javax.faces.CONFIG_FILES</param-name> <param-value> /WEB-INF/faces-config/application.xml </param-value> </context-param> <context-param> <param-name>facelets.REFRESH_PERIOD</param-name> <param-value>2</param-value> </context-param> <context-param> <param-name>facelets.DEVELOPMENT</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </context-param> <context-param> <param-name>facelets.SKIP_COMMENTS</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </context-param> <context-param> <param-name>com.sun.faces.verifyObjects</param-name> <param-value>false</param-value> </context-param> <context-param> <param-name>org.ajax4jsf.VIEW_HANDLERS</param-name> <param-value>com.sun.facelets.FaceletViewHandler</param-value> </context-param> <context-param> <param-name>org.ajax4jsf.COMPRESS_SCRIPT</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </context-param> <context-param> <param-name>org.ajax4jsf.COMPRESS_STYLE</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </context-param> <context-param> <param-name>org.ajax4jsf.xmlparser.ORDER</param-name> <param-value>NONE</param-value> </context-param> <context-param> <param-name>org.richfaces.SKIN</param-name> <param-value>blueSky</param-value> </context-param> <context-param> <param-name>org.richfaces.CONTROL_SKINNING</param-name> <param-value>enable</param-value> </context-param> <context-param> <param-name>org.richfaces.LoadStyleStrategy</param-name> <param-value>ALL</param-value> </context-param> <context-param> <param-name>org.richfaces.LoadScriptStrategy</param-name> <param-value>ALL</param-value> </context-param> <!-- Seam Filter --> <!-- (MUST BE FIRST)--> <filter> <filter-name>Seam Filter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.jboss.seam.servlet.SeamFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>Seam Filter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- RichFaces filter --> <filter> <display-name>RichFaces Filter</display-name> <filter-name>richfaces</filter-name> <filter-class>org.ajax4jsf.Filter</filter-class> <init-param> <description>Set the size limit for uploaded files as attachments in bytes. (max 5MB)</description> <param-name>maxRequestSize</param-name> <param-value>5242880</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>richfaces</filter-name> <servlet-name>Faces Servlet</servlet-name> <dispatcher>REQUEST</dispatcher> <dispatcher>FORWARD</dispatcher> <dispatcher>INCLUDE</dispatcher> </filter-mapping> <listener> <listener-class> XX.XXXX.XXX.prs.web.listeners.ResourceInitializationListener</listener-class> </listener> <listener> <listener-class>com.sun.faces.config.ConfigureListener</listener-class> </listener> <listener> <listener-class>XX.XXXX.XXX.prs.web.listeners.EJBInjectionListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- Seam Listener--> <listener> <listener-class>org.jboss.seam.servlet.SeamListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- Faces Servlet --> <servlet> <servlet-name>Faces Servlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>javax.faces.webapp.FacesServlet</servlet-class> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>Faces Servlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.xhtml</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> -- Seam Resource Servlet-- org.jboss.seam.servlet.SeamResourceServlet-- -- -- Seam Resource Servlet-- /seam/resource/*-- -- <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.xhtml</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app> faces.config <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <faces-config xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-facesconfig_1_2.xsd" version="1.2"> <application> <locale-config> <default-locale>en</default-locale> <supported-locale>en</supported-locale> </locale-config> <view-handler>com.sun.facelets.FaceletViewHandler</view-handler> <el-resolver>org.jboss.seam.el.SeamELResolver</el-resolver> <resource-bundle> <base-name>XX.XXXX.XXX.prs.web.messages.messages</base-name> <var>msgs</var> </resource-bundle> <resource-bundle> <base-name>XX.XXXX.XXX.prs.web.messages.validation</base-name> <var>val</var> </resource-bundle> </application> <lifecycle> <phase-listener>XX.XXXX.XXX.prs.web.listeners.SetFocusListener</phase-listener> </lifecycle> <!-- <lifecycle>--> <!-- <phase-listener>XX.XXXX.XXX.prs.web.listeners.DebugPhaseListener</phase-listener> --> <converter> <converter-for-class>XX.XXXX.XXX.prs.model.Applicant</converter-for-class> <converter-class> XX.XXXX.XXX.prs.web.common.converters.ApplicantConverter</converter-class> </converter> <validator> <validator-id>EmailValidator</validator-id> <validator-class>XX.XXXX.XXX.prs.web.common.validators.EmailValidator</validator-class> </validator> </faces-config> components.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <components xmlns="http://jboss.com/products/seam/components" xmlns:core="http://jboss.com/products/seam/core" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://jboss.com/products/seam/core http://jboss.com/products/seam/core-2.2.xsd http://jboss.com/products/seam/components http://jboss.com/products/seam/components-2.2.xsd"> <core:init debug="true" /> <core:manager concurrent-request-timeout="500" conversation-timeout="1200000" conversation-id-parameter="cid" parent-conversation-id-parameter="pid" /> UPDATE 2: These guys here have the same problem. They have an outer EAR project containing the inner WAR project. They discuss that this may be related to how jars end up in the projects. I use Maven, and I had set it to create "Skinny Wars", that is excluding all jar dependencies from the inner WAR project, so that it remains small in size. All its dependencies are contained in the EAR and are used by all other modules. I changed the settings of the maven-war-plugin to leave inside the war the web-specific jars (the ones mentioned in the link, like RichFaces, jboss-seam-debug, Facelets etc). However, the problem has reverted to its previous form. I now get the debug page, whatever link I press, with the initial exception. Caused by java.lang.IllegalStateException with message: "No phase id bound to current thread (make sure you do not have two SeamPhaseListener instances installed)" UPDATE 3: The structure of the application .ear is the following: application.ear |--> APP-INF | |--> classes |--> lib (all jar dependencies go here, including the WAR dependencies, EJB module dependencies) |-->META_INF | |--> application.xml | |--> data-sources.xml | |--> MANIFEST.MF | |--> weblogic.xml | |--> weblogic-application.xml |--> jboss-seam-2.2.0.GA.jar |--> myEjbModule1.jar |--> myEjbModule2.jar |--> myEjbModule3.jar |--> myEjbModule4.jar |--> myWar.war (NO libraries in WEB-INF/lib, finds everything in EAR/lib) When deploying .ear application WITHOUT debug enabled (not including the jboss-seam-debug.jar in the ear), the application is loaded correctly. When deploying WITH jboss-seam-debug.jar in the EAR (EAR/lib directory), the application does not appear, but ONLY the debug page with the following exception (stacktrace at the end): Exception during request processing: Caused by java.lang.IllegalStateException with message: "No phase id bound to current thread (make sure you do not have two SeamPhaseListener instances installed)" When "JBoss-izing" the same EAR (remove hibernate jars, which are provided by JBoss, and move all libraries from EAR/lib to EAR root), the application loads correctly. BOTH the application AND the debug page appear correctly. Full stacktrace: org.jboss.seam.contexts.PageContext.getPhaseId(PageContext.java:163) org.jboss.seam.contexts.PageContext.isBeforeInvokeApplicationPhase(PageContext.java:175) org.jboss.seam.contexts.PageContext.getCurrentWritableMap(PageContext.java:91) org.jboss.seam.contexts.PageContext.remove(PageContext.java:105) org.jboss.seam.Component.newInstance(Component.java:2141) org.jboss.seam.Component.getInstance(Component.java:2021) org.jboss.seam.Component.getInstance(Component.java:2000) org.jboss.seam.Component.getInstance(Component.java:1994) org.jboss.seam.Component.getInstance(Component.java:1967) org.jboss.seam.Component.getInstance(Component.java:1962) org.jboss.seam.faces.FacesPage.instance(FacesPage.java:92) org.jboss.seam.core.ConversationPropagation.restorePageContextConversationId(ConversationPropagation.java:84) org.jboss.seam.core.ConversationPropagation.restoreConversationId(ConversationPropagation.java:57) org.jboss.seam.jsf.SeamPhaseListener.afterRestoreView(SeamPhaseListener.java:391) org.jboss.seam.jsf.SeamPhaseListener.afterServletPhase(SeamPhaseListener.java:230) org.jboss.seam.jsf.SeamPhaseListener.afterPhase(SeamPhaseListener.java:196) com.sun.faces.lifecycle.Phase.handleAfterPhase(Phase.java:175) com.sun.faces.lifecycle.Phase.doPhase(Phase.java:114) com.sun.faces.lifecycle.RestoreViewPhase.doPhase(RestoreViewPhase.java:104) com.sun.faces.lifecycle.LifecycleImpl.execute(LifecycleImpl.java:118) javax.faces.webapp.FacesServlet.service(FacesServlet.java:265) weblogic.servlet.internal.StubSecurityHelper$ServletServiceAction.run(StubSecurityHelper.java:227) weblogic.servlet.internal.StubSecurityHelper.invokeServlet(StubSecurityHelper.java:125) weblogic.servlet.internal.ServletStubImpl.execute(ServletStubImpl.java:292) weblogic.servlet.internal.TailFilter.doFilter(TailFilter.java:26) weblogic.servlet.internal.FilterChainImpl.doFilter(FilterChainImpl.java:56) org.ajax4jsf.webapp.BaseFilter.doFilter(BaseFilter.java:530) weblogic.servlet.internal.FilterChainImpl.doFilter(FilterChainImpl.java:56) org.jboss.seam.servlet.SeamFilter$FilterChainImpl.doFilter(SeamFilter.java:83) org.jboss.seam.web.IdentityFilter.doFilter(IdentityFilter.java:40) org.jboss.seam.servlet.SeamFilter$FilterChainImpl.doFilter(SeamFilter.java:69) org.jboss.seam.web.MultipartFilter.doFilter(MultipartFilter.java:90) org.jboss.seam.servlet.SeamFilter$FilterChainImpl.doFilter(SeamFilter.java:69) org.jboss.seam.web.ExceptionFilter.doFilter(ExceptionFilter.java:64) org.jboss.seam.servlet.SeamFilter$FilterChainImpl.doFilter(SeamFilter.java:69) org.jboss.seam.web.RedirectFilter.doFilter(RedirectFilter.java:45) org.jboss.seam.servlet.SeamFilter$FilterChainImpl.doFilter(SeamFilter.java:69) org.ajax4jsf.webapp.BaseXMLFilter.doXmlFilter(BaseXMLFilter.java:178) org.ajax4jsf.webapp.BaseFilter.handleRequest(BaseFilter.java:290) org.ajax4jsf.webapp.BaseFilter.processUploadsAndHandleRequest(BaseFilter.java:388) org.ajax4jsf.webapp.BaseFilter.doFilter(BaseFilter.java:515) org.jboss.seam.web.Ajax4jsfFilter.doFilter(Ajax4jsfFilter.java:56) org.jboss.seam.servlet.SeamFilter$FilterChainImpl.doFilter(SeamFilter.java:69) org.jboss.seam.web.LoggingFilter.doFilter(LoggingFilter.java:60) org.jboss.seam.servlet.SeamFilter$FilterChainImpl.doFilter(SeamFilter.java:69) org.jboss.seam.web.HotDeployFilter.doFilter(HotDeployFilter.java:53) org.jboss.seam.servlet.SeamFilter$FilterChainImpl.doFilter(SeamFilter.java:69) org.jboss.seam.servlet.SeamFilter.doFilter(SeamFilter.java:158) weblogic.servlet.internal.FilterChainImpl.doFilter(FilterChainImpl.java:56) weblogic.servlet.internal.RequestEventsFilter.doFilter(RequestEventsFilter.java:27) weblogic.servlet.internal.FilterChainImpl.doFilter(FilterChainImpl.java:56) weblogic.servlet.internal.WebAppServletContext$ServletInvocationAction.run(WebAppServletContext.java:3592) weblogic.security.acl.internal.AuthenticatedSubject.doAs(AuthenticatedSubject.java:321) weblogic.security.service.SecurityManager.runAs(SecurityManager.java:121) weblogic.servlet.internal.WebAppServletContext.securedExecute(WebAppServletContext.java:2202) weblogic.servlet.internal.WebAppServletContext.execute(WebAppServletContext.java:2108) weblogic.servlet.internal.ServletRequestImpl.run(ServletRequestImpl.java:1432) weblogic.work.ExecuteThread.execute(ExecuteThread.java:201) weblogic.work.ExecuteThread.run(ExecuteThread.java:173)

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• Header Guard Issues - Getting Swallowed Alive

  - by gjnave

  I'm totally at wit's end: I can't figure out how my dependency issues. I've read countless posts and blogs and reworked my code so many times that I can't even remember what almost worked and what didnt. I continually get not only redefinition errors, but class not defined errors. I rework the header guards and remove some errors simply to find others. I somehow got everything down to one error but then even that got broke while trying to fix it. Would you please help me figure out the problem? card.cpp #include <iostream> #include <cctype> #include "card.h" using namespace std; // ====DECL====== Card::Card() { abilities = 0; flavorText = 0; keywords = 0; artifact = 0; classType = new char[strlen("Card") + 1]; classType = "Card"; } Card::~Card (){ delete name; delete abilities; delete flavorText; artifact = NULL; } // ------------ Card::Card(const Card & to_copy) { name = new char[strlen(to_copy.name) +1]; // creating dynamic array strcpy(to_copy.name, name); type = to_copy.type; color = to_copy.color; manaCost = to_copy.manaCost; abilities = new char[strlen(to_copy.abilities) +1]; strcpy(abilities, to_copy.abilities); flavorText = new char[strlen(to_copy.flavorText) +1]; strcpy(flavorText, to_copy.flavorText); keywords = new char[strlen(to_copy.keywords) +1]; strcpy(keywords, to_copy.keywords); inPlay = to_copy.inPlay; tapped = to_copy.tapped; enchanted = to_copy.enchanted; cursed = to_copy.cursed; if (to_copy.type != ARTIFACT) artifact = to_copy.artifact; } // ====DECL===== int Card::equipArtifact(Artifact* to_equip){ artifact = to_equip; } Artifact * Card::unequipArtifact(Card * unequip_from){ Artifact * to_remove = artifact; artifact = NULL; return to_remove; // put card in hand or in graveyard } int Card::enchant( Card * to_enchant){ to_enchant->enchanted = true; cout << "enchanted" << endl; } int Card::disenchant( Card * to_disenchant){ to_disenchant->enchanted = false; cout << "Enchantment Removed" << endl; } // ========DECL===== Spell::Spell() { currPower = basePower; currToughness = baseToughness; classType = new char[strlen("Spell") + 1]; classType = "Spell"; } Spell::~Spell(){} // --------------- Spell::Spell(const Spell & to_copy){ currPower = to_copy.currPower; basePower = to_copy.basePower; currToughness = to_copy.currToughness; baseToughness = to_copy.baseToughness; } // ========= int Spell::attack( Spell *& blocker ){ blocker->currToughness -= currPower; currToughness -= blocker->currToughness; } //========== int Spell::counter (Spell *& to_counter){ cout << to_counter->name << " was countered by " << name << endl; } // ============ int Spell::heal (Spell *& to_heal, int amountOfHealth){ to_heal->currToughness += amountOfHealth; } // ------- Creature::Creature(){ summoningSick = true; } // =====DECL====== Land::Land(){ color = NON; classType = new char[strlen("Land") + 1]; classType = "Land"; } // ------ int Land::generateMana(int mana){ // ... // } card.h #ifndef CARD_H #define CARD_H #include <cctype> #include <iostream> #include "conception.h" class Artifact; class Spell; class Card : public Conception { public: Card(); Card(const Card &); ~Card(); protected: char* name; enum CardType { INSTANT, CREATURE, LAND, ENCHANTMENT, ARTIFACT, PLANESWALKER}; enum CardColor { WHITE, BLUE, BLACK, RED, GREEN, NON }; CardType type; CardColor color; int manaCost; char* abilities; char* flavorText; char* keywords; bool inPlay; bool tapped; bool cursed; bool enchanted; Artifact* artifact; virtual int enchant( Card * ); virtual int disenchant (Card * ); virtual int equipArtifact( Artifact* ); virtual Artifact* unequipArtifact(Card * ); }; // ------------ class Spell: public Card { public: Spell(); ~Spell(); Spell(const Spell &); protected: virtual int heal( Spell *&, int ); virtual int attack( Spell *& ); virtual int counter( Spell*& ); int currToughness; int baseToughness; int currPower; int basePower; }; class Land: public Card { public: Land(); ~Land(); protected: virtual int generateMana(int); }; class Forest: public Land { public: Forest(); ~Forest(); protected: int generateMana(); }; class Creature: public Spell { public: Creature(); ~Creature(); protected: bool summoningSick; }; class Sorcery: public Spell { public: Sorcery(); ~Sorcery(); protected: }; #endif conception.h -- this is an "uber class" from which everything derives class Conception{ public: Conception(); ~Conception(); protected: char* classType; }; conception.cpp Conception::Conception{ Conception(){ classType = new char[11]; char = "Conception"; } game.cpp -- this is an incomplete class as of this code #include <iostream> #include <cctype> #include "game.h" #include "player.h" Battlefield::Battlefield(){ card = 0; } Battlefield::~Battlefield(){ delete card; } Battlefield::Battlefield(const Battlefield & to_copy){ } // =========== /* class Game(){ public: Game(); ~Game(); protected: Player** player; // for multiple players Battlefield* root; // for battlefield getPlayerMove(); // ask player what to do addToBattlefield(); removeFromBattlefield(); sendAttack(); } */ #endif game.h #ifndef GAME_H #define GAME_H #include "list.h" class CardList(); class Battlefield : CardList{ public: Battlefield(); ~Battlefield(); protected: Card* card; // make an array }; class Game : Conception{ public: Game(); ~Game(); protected: Player** player; // for multiple players Battlefield* root; // for battlefield getPlayerMove(); // ask player what to do addToBattlefield(); removeFromBattlefield(); sendAttack(); Battlefield* field; }; list.cpp #include <iostream> #include <cctype> #include "list.h" // ========== LinkedList::LinkedList(){ root = new Node; classType = new char[strlen("LinkedList") + 1]; classType = "LinkedList"; }; LinkedList::~LinkedList(){ delete root; } LinkedList::LinkedList(const LinkedList & obj) { // code to copy } // --------- // ========= int LinkedList::delete_all(Node* root){ if (root = 0) return 0; delete_all(root->next); root = 0; } int LinkedList::add( Conception*& is){ if (root == 0){ root = new Node; root->next = 0; } else { Node * curr = root; root = new Node; root->next=curr; root->it = is; } } int LinkedList::remove(Node * root, Node * prev, Conception* is){ if (root = 0) return -1; if (root->it == is){ root->next = root->next; return 0; } remove(root->next, root, is); return 0; } Conception* LinkedList::find(Node*& root, const Conception* is, Conception* holder = NULL) { if (root==0) return NULL; if (root->it == is){ return root-> it; } holder = find(root->next, is); return holder; } Node* LinkedList::goForward(Node * root){ if (root==0) return root; if (root->next == 0) return root; else return root->next; } // ============ Node* LinkedList::goBackward(Node * root){ root = root->prev; } list.h #ifndef LIST_H #define LIST_H #include <iostream> #include "conception.h" class Node : public Conception { public: Node() : next(0), prev(0), it(0) { it = 0; classType = new char[strlen("Node") + 1]; classType = "Node"; }; ~Node(){ delete it; delete next; delete prev; } Node* next; Node* prev; Conception* it; // generic object }; // ---------------------- class LinkedList : public Conception { public: LinkedList(); ~LinkedList(); LinkedList(const LinkedList&); friend bool operator== (Conception& thing_1, Conception& thing_2 ); protected: virtual int delete_all(Node*); virtual int add( Conception*& ); // virtual Conception* find(Node *&, const Conception*, Conception* ); // virtual int remove( Node *, Node *, Conception* ); // removes question with keyword int display_all(node*& ); virtual Node* goForward(Node *); virtual Node* goBackward(Node *); Node* root; // write copy constrcutor }; // ============= class CircularLinkedList : public LinkedList { public: // CircularLinkedList(); // ~CircularLinkedList(); // CircularLinkedList(const CircularLinkedList &); }; class DoubleLinkedList : public LinkedList { public: // DoubleLinkedList(); // ~DoubleLinkedList(); // DoubleLinkedList(const DoubleLinkedList &); protected: }; // END OF LIST Hierarchy #endif player.cpp #include <iostream> #include "player.h" #include "list.h" using namespace std; Library::Library(){ root = 0; } Library::~Library(){ delete card; } // ====DECL========= Player::~Player(){ delete fname; delete lname; delete deck; } Wizard::~Wizard(){ delete mana; delete rootL; delete rootH; } // =====Player====== void Player::changeName(const char[] first, const char[] last){ char* backup1 = new char[strlen(fname) + 1]; strcpy(backup1, fname); char* backup2 = new char[strlen(lname) + 1]; strcpy(backup1, lname); if (first != NULL){ fname = new char[strlen(first) +1]; strcpy(fname, first); } if (last != NULL){ lname = new char[strlen(last) +1]; strcpy(lname, last); } return 0; } // ========== void Player::seeStats(Stats*& to_put){ to_put->wins = stats->wins; to_put->losses = stats->losses; to_put->winRatio = stats->winRatio; } // ---------- void Player::displayDeck(const LinkedList* deck){ } // ================ void CardList::findCard(Node* root, int id, NodeCard*& is){ if (root == NULL) return; if (root->it.id == id){ copyCard(root->it, is); return; } else findCard(root->next, id, is); } // -------- void CardList::deleteAll(Node* root){ if (root == NULL) return; deleteAll(root->next); root->next = NULL; } // --------- void CardList::removeCard(Node* root, int id){ if (root == NULL) return; if (root->id = id){ root->prev->next = root->next; // the prev link of root, looks back to next of prev node, and sets to where root next is pointing } return; } // --------- void CardList::addCard(Card* to_add){ if (!root){ root = new Node; root->next = NULL; root->prev = NULL; root->it = &to_add; return; } else { Node* original = root; root = new Node; root->next = original; root->prev = NULL; original->prev = root; } } // ----------- void CardList::displayAll(Node*& root){ if (root == NULL) return; cout << "Card Name: " << root->it.cardName; cout << " || Type: " << root->it.type << endl; cout << " --------------- " << endl; if (root->classType == "Spell"){ cout << "Base Power: " << root->it.basePower; cout << " || Current Power: " << root->it.currPower << endl; cout << "Base Toughness: " << root->it.baseToughness; cout << " || Current Toughness: " << root->it.currToughness << endl; } cout << "Card Type: " << root->it.currPower; cout << " || Card Color: " << root->it.color << endl; cout << "Mana Cost" << root->it.manaCost << endl; cout << "Keywords: " << root->it.keywords << endl; cout << "Flavor Text: " << root->it.flavorText << endl; cout << " ----- Class Type: " << root->it.classType << " || ID: " << root->it.id << " ----- " << endl; cout << " ******************************************" << endl; cout << endl; // ------- void CardList::copyCard(const Card& to_get, Card& put_to){ put_to.type = to_get.type; put_to.color = to_get.color; put_to.manaCost = to_get.manaCost; put_to.inPlay = to_get.inPlay; put_to.tapped = to_get.tapped; put_to.class = to_get.class; put_to.id = to_get.id; put_to.enchanted = to_get.enchanted; put_to.artifact = to_get.artifact; put_to.class = to_get.class; put.to.abilities = new char[strlen(to_get.abilities) +1]; strcpy(put_to.abilities, to_get.abilities); put.to.keywords = new char[strlen(to_get.keywords) +1]; strcpy(put_to.keywords, to_get.keywords); put.to.flavorText = new char[strlen(to_get.flavorText) +1]; strcpy(put_to.flavorText, to_get.flavorText); if (to_get.class = "Spell"){ put_to.baseToughness = to_get.baseToughness; put_to.basePower = to_get.basePower; put_to.currToughness = to_get.currToughness; put_to.currPower = to_get.currPower; } } // ---------- player.h #ifndef player.h #define player.h #include "list.h" // ============ class CardList() : public LinkedList(){ public: CardList(); ~CardList(); protected: virtual void findCard(Card&); virtual void addCard(Card* ); virtual void removeCard(Node* root, int id); virtual void deleteAll(); virtual void displayAll(); virtual void copyCard(const Conception*, Node*&); Node* root; } // --------- class Library() : public CardList(){ public: Library(); ~Library(); protected: Card* card; int numCards; findCard(Card&); // get Card and fill empty template } // ----------- class Deck() : public CardList(){ public: Deck(); ~Deck(); protected: enum deckColor { WHITE, BLUE, BLACK, RED, GREEN, MIXED }; char* deckName; } // =============== class Mana(int amount) : public Conception { public: Mana() : displayTotal(0), classType(0) { displayTotal = 0; classType = new char[strlen("Mana") + 1]; classType = "Mana"; }; protected: int accrued; void add(); void remove(); int displayTotal(); } inline Mana::add(){ accrued += 1; } inline Mana::remove(){ accrued -= 1; } inline Mana::displayTotal(){ return accrued; } // ================ class Stats() : public Conception { public: friend class Player; friend class Game; Stats() : wins(0), losses(0), winRatio(0) { wins = 0; losses = 0; if ( (wins + losses != 0) winRatio = wins / (wins + losses); else winRatio = 0; classType = new char[strlen("Stats") + 1]; classType = "Stats"; } protected: int wins; int losses; float winRatio; void int getStats(Stats*& ); } // ================== class Player() : public Conception{ public: Player() : wins(0), losses(0), winRatio(0) { fname = NULL; lname = NULL; stats = NULL; CardList = NULL; classType = new char[strlen("Player") + 1]; classType = "Player"; }; ~Player(); Player(const Player & obj); protected: // member variables char* fname; char* lname; Stats stats; // holds previous game statistics CardList* deck[]; // hold multiple decks that player might use - put ll in this private: // member functions void changeName(const char[], const char[]); void shuffleDeck(int); void seeStats(Stats*& ); void displayDeck(int); chooseDeck(); } // -------------------- class Wizard(Card) : public Player(){ public: Wizard() : { mana = NULL; rootL = NULL; rootH = NULL}; ~Wizard(); protected: playCard(const Card &); removeCard(Card &); attackWithCard(Card &); enchantWithCard(Card &); disenchantWithCard(Card &); healWithCard(Card &); equipWithCard(Card &); Mana* mana[]; Library* rootL; // Library Library* rootH; // Hand } #endif

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