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• Convert alphabet letters to number in python

  - by altin

  Can someone help me finish this characters = ['a''b''c''d''e''f''g''h''i''j''k''l''m''n''o''p''q''r''t''u''v''w''x''y''z'] numbers = ['1''2''3''4''5''6''7''8''9''10''11''12''13''14''15''16''17''18''19''20''21''22''23''24'] text = raw_input(' Write text: ') Ive tryed to many ways but couldnt get to the pint, I want to make exc if i type hello the output to be in numbers lined like in alphabet... example a = 1 < in alphabet Can anyone give ideas ? or help sth ?

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• python raw_input odd behavior with accents containing strings

  - by Ryan

  I'm writing a program that asks the user for input that contains accents. The user input string is tested to see if it matches a string declared in the program. As you can see below, my code is not working: code # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- testList = ['má'] myInput = raw_input('enter something here: ') print myInput, repr(myInput) print testList[0], repr(testList[0]) print myInput in testList output in eclipse with pydev enter something here: má mv° 'm\xe2\x88\x9a\xc2\xb0' má 'm\xc3\xa1' False output in IDLE enter something here: má má u'm\xe1' má 'm\xc3\xa1' Warning (from warnings module): File "/Users/ryanculkin/Desktop/delete.py", line 8 print myInput in testList UnicodeWarning: Unicode equal comparison failed to convert both arguments to Unicode - interpreting them as being unequal False How can I get my code to print True when comparing the two strings? Additionally, I note that the result of running this code on the same input is different depending on whether I use eclipse or IDLE. Why is this? My eventual goal is to put my program on the web; is there anything that I need to be aware of, since the result seems to be so volatile?

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• use doctest and logging in python program

  - by Luke

  #!/usr/bin/python2.4 import logging import sys import doctest def foo(x): """ foo (0) 0 """ print ("%d" %(x)) _logger.debug("%d" %(x)) def _test(): doctest.testmod() _logger = logging.getLogger() _logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG) _formatter = logging.Formatter('%(message)s') _handler = logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout) _handler.setFormatter(_formatter) _logger.addHandler(_handler) _test() I would like to use logger module for all of my print statements. I have looked at the first 50 top google links for this, and they seem to agree that doctest uses it's own copy of the stdout. If print is used it works if logger is used it logs to the root console. Can someone please demonstrate a working example with a code snippet that will allow me to combine. Note running nose to test doctest will just append the log output at the end of the test, (assuming you set the switches) it does not treat them as a print statement.

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• Counting positive elements in a list with Python list comprehensions

  - by AntiRush

  I have a list of integers and I need to count how many of them are 0. I'm currently doing it with a list comprehension that looks like this: sum([1 for x in frequencies if x > 0]) It seems like a decent comprehension but I don't really like the "1"; it seems like a bit of a magic number. Is there a more Pythonish way to do this?

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• Using Python and Mechanize with ASP Forms

  - by tchaymore

  I'm trying to submit a form on an .asp page but Mechanize does not recognize the name of the control. The form code is: <form id="form1" name="frmSearchQuick" method="post"> .... <input type="button" name="btSearchTop" value="SEARCH" class="buttonctl" onClick="uf_Browse('dledir_search_quick.asp');" > My code is as follows: br = mechanize.Browser() br.open(BASE_URL) br.select_form(name='frmSearchQuick') resp = br.click(name='btSearchTop') I've also tried the last line as: resp = br.submit(name='btSearchTop') The error I get is: raise ControlNotFoundError("no control matching "+description) ControlNotFoundError: no control matching name 'btSearchTop', kind 'clickable' If I print br I get this: IgnoreControl(btSearchTop=) But I don't see that anywhere in the HTML. Any advice on how to submit this form?

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• remove a sublist from a list in python

  - by ariel

  Hi I am looking for a way to remove a sublist from a list. something like this: a=range(1,10) a.remove([2,3,7]) print a a=[1,4,5,6,8,9]

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• List to CSV in Python

  - by Steve

  Hi, I am creating a CSV from a list of values. CSV File gets created but the csv is formed as a single column. Actually it should be multiple rows with multiple columns, instead it forms as a multiple rows with a single column. I am using the following code from random import choice import csv fileObject = csv.writer(open('Insurance.csv','w'),dialect='excel',delimiter=' ') for i in range(0,175): current_list = list(choice(master_list)) fileObject.writerows(current_list) current_list = [] Thanks

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• Common Pitfalls in Python

  - by Anurag Uniyal

  Today I was bitten again by "Mutable default arguments" after many years. I usually don't use mutable default arguments unless needed but I think with time I forgot about that, and today in the application I added tocElements=[] in a pdf generation function's argument list and now 'Table of Content' gets longer and longer after each invocation of "generate pdf" :) My question is what other things should I add to my list of things to MUST avoid? Mutable default arguments Import modules always same way e.g. from y import x and import x are different things, they are treated as different modules. Do not use range in place of lists because range() will become an iterator anyway, the following will fail: myIndexList = [0,1,3] isListSorted = myIndexList == range(3) # will fail in 3.0 isListSorted = myIndexList == list(range(3)) # will not same thing can be mistakenly done with xrange: `myIndexList == xrange(3)`. Catching multiple exceptions try: raise KeyError("hmm bug") except KeyError,TypeError: print TypeError It prints "hmm bug", though it is not a bug, it looks like we are catching exceptions of type KeyError,TypeError but instead we are catching KeyError only as variable TypeError, use this instead: try: raise KeyError("hmm bug") except (KeyError,TypeError): print TypeError

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• Shared value in parallel python

  - by Jonathan

  Hey all- I'm using ParallelPython to develop a performance-critical script. I'd like to share one value between the 8 processes running on the system. Please excuse the trivial example but this illustrates my question. def findMin(listOfElements): for el in listOfElements: if el < min: min = el import pp min = 0 myList = range(100000) job_server = pp.Server() f1 = job_server.submit(findMin, myList[0:25000]) f2 = job_server.submit(findMin, myList[25000:50000]) f3 = job_server.submit(findMin, myList[50000:75000]) f4 = job_server.submit(findMin, myList[75000:100000]) The pp docs don't seem to describe a way to share data across processes. Is it possible? If so, is there a standard locking mechanism (like in the threading module) to confirm that only one update is done at a time? l = Lock() if(el < min): l.acquire if(el < min): min = el l.release I understand I could keep a local min and compare the 4 in the main thread once returned, but by sharing the value I can do some better pruning of my BFS binary tree and potentially save a lot of loop iterations. Thanks- Jonathan

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• python mud server..............

  - by mudman

  in the coding of a mud server it says clients=[] know what do you write there example plz

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• Encoding in python with lxml - complex solution

  - by Vojtech R.

  Hi, I need to download and parse webpage with lxml and build UTF-8 xml output. I thing schema in pseudocode is more illustrative: from lxml import etree webfile = urllib2.urlopen(url) root = etree.parse(webfile.read(), parser=etree.HTMLParser(recover=True)) txt = my_process_text(etree.tostring(root.xpath('/html/body'), encoding=utf8)) output = etree.Element("out") output.text = txt outputfile.write(etree.tostring(output, encoding=utf8)) So webfile can be in any encoding (lxml should handle this). Outputfile have to be in utf-8. I'm not sure where to use encoding/coding. Is this schema ok? (I cant find good tutorial about lxml and encoding, but I can find many problems with this...) I need robust approved solution so I ask you seniors. Many thanks

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• Python SQLite: database is locked

  - by user322683

  I'm trying this code: import sqlite connection = sqlite.connect('cache.db') cur = connection.cursor() cur.execute('''create table item (id integer primary key, itemno text unique, scancode text, descr text, price real)''') connection.commit() cur.close() I'm catching this exception: Traceback (most recent call last): File "cache_storage.py", line 7, in <module> scancode text, descr text, price real)''') File "/usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/sqlite/main.py", line 237, in execute self.con._begin() File "/usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/sqlite/main.py", line 503, in _begin self.db.execute("BEGIN") _sqlite.OperationalError: database is locked Permissions for cache.db are ok. Any ideas?

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• Converting string to datetime object in python

  - by Gussi

  Given this string: "Fri, 09 Apr 2010 14:10:50 +0000" how does one convert it to a datetime object? After doing some reading I feel like this should work, but it doesn't... >>> from datetime import datetime >>> >>> str = 'Fri, 09 Apr 2010 14:10:50 +0000' >>> fmt = '%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z' >>> datetime.strptime(str, fmt) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/_strptime.py", line 317, in _strptime (bad_directive, format)) ValueError: 'z' is a bad directive in format '%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z' It should be noted that this works without a problem >>> from datetime import datetime >>> >>> str = 'Fri, 09 Apr 2010 14:10:50' >>> fmt = '%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S' >>> datetime.strptime(str, fmt) datetime.datetime(2010, 4, 9, 14, 10, 50) But I'm stuck with "Fri, 09 Apr 2010 14:10:50 +0000", I would prefer to convert exactly that without changing (or slicing) that string in any way.

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• Python fit polynomial, power law and exponential from data

  - by Nadir

  I have some data (x and y coordinates) coming from a study and I have to plot them and to find the best curve that fits data. My curves are: polynomial up to 6th degree; power law; and exponential. I am able to find the best fit for polynomial with while(i < 6): coefs, val = poly.polyfit(x, y, i, full=True) and I take the degree that minimizes val. When I have to fit a power law (the most probable in my study), I do not know how to do it correctly. This is what I have done. I have applied the log function to all x and y and I have tried to fit it with a linear polynomial. If the error (val) is lower than the others polynomial tried before, I have chosen the power law function. Am I correct? Now how can I reconstruct my power law starting from the line y = mx + q in order to draw it with the original points? I need also to display the function found. I have tried with: def power_law(x, m, q): return q * (x**m) using x_new = np.linspace(x[0], x[-1], num=len(x)*10) y1 = power_law(x_new, coefs[0], coefs[1]) popt, pcov = curve_fit(power_law, x_new, y1) but it seems not to work well.

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• [Python] How to use re match objects in a list comprehension

  - by Brent.Longborough

  I have a function to pick out lumps from a list of strings and return them as another list: def filterPick(lines,regex): result = [] for l in lines: match = re.search(regex,l) if match: result += [match.group(1)] return result Is there a way to reformulate this as a list comprehension? Obviously it's fairly clear as is; just curious.

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• Create a Python User() class that both creates new users and modifies existing users

  - by ensnare

  I'm trying to figure out the best way to create a class that can modify and create new users all in one. This is what I'm thinking: class User(object): def __init__(self,user_id): if user_id == -1 self.new_user = True else: self.new_user = False #fetch all records from db about user_id self._populateUser() def commit(self): if self.new_user: #Do INSERTs else: #Do UPDATEs def delete(self): if self.new_user == False: return False #Delete user code here def _populate(self): #Query self.user_id from database and #set all instance variables, e.g. #self.name = row['name'] def getFullName(self): return self.name #Create a new user >>u = User() >>u.name = 'Jason Martinez' >>u.password = 'linebreak' >>u.commit() >>print u.getFullName() >>Jason Martinez #Update existing user >>u = User(43) >>u.name = 'New Name Here' >>u.commit() >>print u.getFullName() >>New Name Here Is this a logical and clean way to do this? Is there a better way? Thanks.

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• Javascript or Python? beginner getting up to speed

  - by user62617

  Which language will allow a beginner to get up to speed quicker? Basically which language of the two is easier to learn

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• Documenting module/class/function bodies in python sphinx docs

  - by perrierism

  Is there a way with Sphinx documentation to output a function or class body (the code itself) with the autodoc feature? I'm using autodoc to much success. In addition to the docstrings getting pulled in to the documentation I want like a link to click for each function where it will show you the source... is that possible? This is about what most of my documentation looks like now: .. module:`foo.mymodule` Title =================== .. automodule:: foo.mymodule .. autoclass:: MyModulesClass :members: :undoc-members:

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• Using Tkinter in python to edit the title bar

  - by Dan

  I am trying to add a custom title to a window but I am having troubles with it. I know my code isn't right but when I run it, it creates 2 windows instead, one with just the title tk and another bigger window with "Simple Prog". How do I make it so that the tk window has the title "Simple Prog" instead of having a new additional window. I dont think I'm suppose to have the Tk() part because when i have that in my complete code, there's an error from tkinter import Tk, Button, Frame, Entry, END class ABC(Frame): def __init__(self,parent=None): Frame.__init__(self,parent) self.parent = parent self.pack() ABC.make_widgets(self) def make_widgets(self): self.root = Tk() self.root.title("Simple Prog")

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• Decimal Base Conversion using PYTHON

  - by Butinyane More

  PROBLEM DESCRIPTION Given a decimal number, and a new base to represent it in. If the base is larger than 10, use capital letters for the digits(that is, A is 10, B is 11 and so forth). The decimal number given, and the new base, will both be integer values, separated by a space. The base to convert to will always be smaller than or equal to 30. Please create a program that will convert a decimal number to any base in this instance. When evaluating the program the sample input must something like: 18 2 and the program must output the following: 10010 Please i beg of you to send me a solution to this problem as soon as possible.

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• Python Least-Squares Natural Splines

  - by Eldila

  I am trying to find a numerical package which will fit a natural which minimizes weighted least squares. There is a package in scipy which does what I want for unnatural splines. import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from scipy import interpolate import random x = np.arange(0,5,1.0/2) xs = np.arange(0,5,1.0/500) y = np.sin(x+1) for i in range(len(y)): y[i] += .2*random.random() - .1 knots = np.array([1,2,3,4]) tck = interpolate.splrep(x,y,s=1,k=3,t=knots,task=-1) ynew = interpolate.splev(xs,tck,der=0) plt.figure() plt.plot(xs,ynew,x,y,'x')

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• Python enumerate built-in error when using the start parameter

  - by TheJuice

  I'm modifying some code that calls enumerate on a list declared via a list comprehension e.g. self.groups = [Groups(self, idx) for idx in range(n_groups)] then later: for idx, group in enumerate(self.groups): # do some stuff but when I change the enumerate call to start at the 2nd list element via the start parameter e.g. for idx, group in enumerate(self.groups[1]): I get an exception: exceptions.TypeError: 'Group' object is not iterable Could someone explain why this is?

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• Text-based game graphics in Python

  - by Jasper

  Hi, i'm pretty new 2 programming, and I'm creating a simple text-based game I'm wondering if there is a simple way to create my own terminal-type window with which I can place coloured input etc. Is there a graphics module well suited to this? I'm using Mac, but I would like it to work on Windows as well Thanks

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• Sending and receiving async over multiprocessing.Pipe() in Python

  - by dcolish

  I'm having some issues getting the Pipe.send to work in this code. What I would ultimately like to do is send and receive messages to and from the foreign process while its running in a fork. This is eventually going to be integrated into a pexpect loop for talking to interpreter processes. ` from multiprocessing import Process, Pipe def f(conn): cmd = '' if conn.poll(): cmd = conn.recv() i = 1 i += 1 conn.send([42 + i, cmd, 'hello']) if __name__ == '__main__': parent_conn, child_conn = Pipe() p = Process(target=f, args=(child_conn,)) p.start() from pdb import set_trace; set_trace() while parent_conn.poll(): print parent_conn.recv() # prints "[42, None, 'hello']" parent_conn.send('OHHAI') p.join() `

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• Why can you reference an imported module using the importing module in python

  - by noam

  I am trying to understand why any import can be referenced using the importing module, e.g #module master.py import slave and then >>>import master >>>print master.slave gives <module 'slave' from 'C:\Documents and Settings....'> What is the purpose of the feature? I can see how it can be helpful in a package's __init__.py file, but nothing else. Is it a side effect of the fact that every import is added to the module's namespace and that the module's namespace is visible from the outside? If so, why didn't they make an exception with data imported from other modules (e.g don't show it as part of the module's namespace for other modules)?

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