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  • How to Dual-Boot Kali-Linux and Windows 8.1?

    - by Ceyhun
    I have Acer V3-772G 1 TB Harddisk. I shrinked my biggest partition in order to install Kali Linux. When installing Kali, GRUB couldn't detect windows 8 so I kept going on(I installed grub as my masterboot). After installed Kali there was no way to boot Windows 8.1, but booting Kali was OK with GRUB in legacy-BIOS. When I tried to change bios to UEFI it couldn't find any OS (took too much time, nearly 1 hour). So I tried to update GRUB with boot-repair within a Ubuntu Live USB. But after updating GRUB I terrified, in UEFI and Legacy mode grub couldn't find ANY OS (Both Kali and Windows) so I have no option other than using Ubuntu Live. I tried every possible options but nothing has worked for me. I tried rEFInd in UEFI mode it worked only for Kali. I still cannot boot my windows 8.1 . I considered to restore to factory setting with a Windows Rescue USB but kept telling me "No driver found". Please help me to dual boot or remove Kali and restore my Windows 8.1

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  • Should I update the kernel on a Linux machine?

    - by Legate
    As I understand it, updating to a new kernel (with the normal linux-image... package, not by rolling my own) requires a server restart. However, one of our servers (Ubuntu 10.04) is running several extensive screen sessions. Restarting kills those which is always a major hassle to their owners (mostly because of lost session histories). What should I do? I see several possibilites: Not doing anything, that is update only non-kernel packages (perhaps use apt-pinning?) Update the kernel, but not restart. (Is that smart? I seem to remember there might be some problems with loading kernel modules.) Updating the kernel and restarting. Is there perhaps some way to preserve the screen sessions? I guess it ultimately boils down to this question: How important is it to update the kernel? I posted this question here instead of askubuntu.com as I think this is not an Ubuntu-specific issue though this server is running Ubuntu.

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  • Should I completely turn off swap for linux webserver?

    - by Poma
    Recently my friend told me that it is a good idea to turn off swap on linux webservers with enough memory. My server has 12 GB and currently uses 4GB (not counting cache and buffers) under peak load. His argument was that in a normal situation server will never use all of its RAM so the only way it can encounter OutOfMemory situation is due to some bug/ddos/etc. So in case swap is turned off system will run out of memory that will eventually crash the program hogging memory (most likely the web server process) and probably some other processes. In case swap is turned on it will eat both RAM and swap and eventually will result in the same crash, but before that it will offload crucial processes like sshd to swap and start to do a lot of swap operations resulting in major slowdown. This way when under ddos system may go into a completely unusable condition due to huge lags and I probably will not be unable to log in and kill webserver process or deny all incoming traffic (all but ssh). Is this right? Am I missing something (like the fact that swap partition is very useful in some way even if I have enough RAM)? Should I turn it off?

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  • What's the proper way to prepare chroot to recover a broken Linux installation?

    - by ~quack
    This question relates to questions that are asked often. The procedure is frequently mentioned or linked to offsite, but is not often clearly and correctly stated. In an objective to concentrate useful information in one place, this question seeks to provide a clear, correct reference for this procedure. What are the proper steps to prepare a chroot environment for a recovery procedure? In many situations, repairing a broken Linux installation is best done from within the installation. But if the system won't boot, how do you fix it from within? Let's assume you manage to boot into an alternate system. Once there, you need to access your broken installation in order to fix it. Many recovery How-Tos recommend using chroot in order to run programs as if you are actually booted into the broken installation. What is the basic procedure? Are there accepted best-practices to follow? What variables need to be considered in order to adapt the basic preparation steps to a particular recovery task? As this is Community Wiki, feel free to edit this question to improve it as well.

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  • No module named sqlalchemy when installing ckanext-viewhelpers

    - by kean23
    I'm using CKAN as my open data portal and am trying to install the ckanext-viewhelpers Extension by following the instructions at https://github.com/ckan/ckanext-viewhelpers. /usr/lib/ckan/default/src/ckanext-viewhelpers-master$ sudo python setup.py installChecking .pth file support in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ /usr/bin/python -E -c pass TEST PASSED: /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ appears to support .pth files running bdist_egg running egg_info writing ckanext_viewhelpers.egg-info/PKG-INFO writing namespace_packages to ckanext_viewhelpers.egg-info/namespace_packages.txt writing top-level names to ckanext_viewhelpers.egg-info/top_level.txt writing dependency_links to ckanext_viewhelpers.egg-info/dependency_links.txt writing entry points to ckanext_viewhelpers.egg-info/entry_points.txt reading manifest file 'ckanext_viewhelpers.egg-info/SOURCES.txt' reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in' writing manifest file 'ckanext_viewhelpers.egg-info/SOURCES.txt' installing library code to build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg running install_lib running build_py creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/ckanext copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/ckanext/__init__.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/ckanext creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/ckanext/viewhelpers copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/ckanext/viewhelpers/plugin.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/ckanext/viewhelpers copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/ckanext/viewhelpers/__init__.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/ckanext/viewhelpers creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/ckanext/viewhelpers/tests copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/ckanext/viewhelpers/tests/__init__.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/ckanext/viewhelpers/tests copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/ckanext/viewhelpers/tests/test_view.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/ckanext/viewhelpers/tests creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/ckanext/viewhelpers/public creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/ckanext/viewhelpers/public/vendor copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/ckanext/viewhelpers/public/vendor/queryStringToJSON.js -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/ckanext/viewhelpers/public/vendor copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/ckanext/viewhelpers/public/resource.config -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/ckanext/viewhelpers/public copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/ckanext/viewhelpers/public/filters_form.css -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/ckanext/viewhelpers/public copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/ckanext/viewhelpers/public/filters.js -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/ckanext/viewhelpers/public copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/ckanext/viewhelpers/public/filters_form.js -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/ckanext/viewhelpers/public byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/ckanext/__init__.py to __init__.pyc byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/ckanext/viewhelpers/plugin.py to plugin.pyc byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/ckanext/viewhelpers/__init__.py to __init__.pyc byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/ckanext/viewhelpers/tests/__init__.py to __init__.pyc byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/ckanext/viewhelpers/tests/test_view.py to test_view.pyc creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO copying ckanext_viewhelpers.egg-info/PKG-INFO -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO copying ckanext_viewhelpers.egg-info/SOURCES.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO copying ckanext_viewhelpers.egg-info/dependency_links.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO copying ckanext_viewhelpers.egg-info/entry_points.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO copying ckanext_viewhelpers.egg-info/namespace_packages.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO copying ckanext_viewhelpers.egg-info/not-zip-safe -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO copying ckanext_viewhelpers.egg-info/top_level.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO creating 'dist/ckanext_viewhelpers-0.1-py2.7.egg' and adding 'build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg' to it removing 'build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg' (and everything under it) Processing ckanext_viewhelpers-0.1-py2.7.egg removing '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ckanext_viewhelpers-0.1-py2.7.egg' (and everything under it) creating /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ckanext_viewhelpers-0.1-py2.7.egg Extracting ckanext_viewhelpers-0.1-py2.7.egg to /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages ckanext-viewhelpers 0.1 is already the active version in easy-install.pth Installed /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ckanext_viewhelpers-0.1-py2.7.egg Processing dependencies for ckanext-viewhelpers==0.1 Finished processing dependencies for ckanext-viewhelpers==0.1 However I am faced with this error which I could not solve after adding viewhelpers in my CKAN config file. paster serve /etc/ckan/default/development.ini Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/paster", line 4, in <module> command.run() File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/paste/script/command.py", line 104, in run invoke(command, command_name, options, args[1:]) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/paste/script/command.py", line 143, in invoke exit_code = runner.run(args) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/paste/script/command.py", line 238, in run result = self.command() File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/paste/script/serve.py", line 284, in command relative_to=base, global_conf=vars) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/paste/script/serve.py", line 321, in loadapp **kw) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/paste/deploy/loadwsgi.py", line 247, in loadapp return loadobj(APP, uri, name=name, **kw) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/paste/deploy/loadwsgi.py", line 271, in loadobj global_conf=global_conf) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/paste/deploy/loadwsgi.py", line 296, in loadcontext global_conf=global_conf) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/paste/deploy/loadwsgi.py", line 320, in _loadconfig return loader.get_context(object_type, name, global_conf) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/paste/deploy/loadwsgi.py", line 454, in get_context section) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/paste/deploy/loadwsgi.py", line 476, in _context_from_use object_type, name=use, global_conf=global_conf) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/paste/deploy/loadwsgi.py", line 406, in get_context global_conf=global_conf) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/paste/deploy/loadwsgi.py", line 296, in loadcontext global_conf=global_conf) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/paste/deploy/loadwsgi.py", line 328, in _loadegg return loader.get_context(object_type, name, global_conf) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/paste/deploy/loadwsgi.py", line 620, in get_context object_type, name=name) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/paste/deploy/loadwsgi.py", line 646, in find_egg_entry_point possible.append((entry.load(), protocol, entry.name)) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pkg_resources.py", line 1989, in load entry = __import__(self.module_name, globals(),globals(), ['__name__']) File "/usr/lib/ckan/default/src/ckan/ckan/config/middleware.py", line 9, in <module> import sqlalchemy as sa ImportError: No module named sqlalchemyckanext-viewhelpers

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  • Have you visited our Forums lately?

    - by Lenz Grimmer
    Oracle Linux is not just free to download, use and distribute, it also has a very helpful community around it. If you are new to Oracle Linux and you haven't checked out our forums yet, I highly recommend doing so right away — the friendliness and level of expertise in there is outstanding! We have a number of regulars in there that really "know their stuff" and just following the ongoing discussions is educating.

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  • How to Boot from iRAM Solid State Drive on Ubuntu

    - by quickshiftin
    I've got an iRAM solid state drive. I'd like to use this to store a linux root filesystem; the trouble is the device is not recognized as a hard drive to the BIOS. It only shows up if a live CD environment is loaded and the scsi drivers are available (may be other drivers needed as well). I've heard of Boot to Ram and wonder if some variation of that could work here and I could run a linux install off the iRAM??

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  • iproute2 not functioning ("RTNETLINK answers: Operation not supported")

    - by James Watt
    The command and error message: gtwy ~ # ip rule add from 64.251.23.186 table t1 RTNETLINK answers: Operation not supported Older article of the same problem, but it did not help me: http://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic-t-696982-start-0-postdays-0-postorder-asc-highlight-.html I have looked on google at great lengths to try to find a solution. It seems that my kernel configuration is missing something? Any help or ideas would be appreciated. My system/kernel is: 2.6.36-gentoo-r5 #3 SMP Thu Jan 13 10:49:06 EST 2011 x86_64 Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU X3220 @ 2.40GHz GenuineIntel GNU/Linux. I am posting this on SuperUser since this system is used as a workstation and this problem is unrelated to specific tasks that are handled exclusively by servers. iproute2 is installed: gtwy etc # emerge --search iproute2 Searching... [ Results for search key : iproute2 ] [ Applications found : 1 ] * sys-apps/iproute2 Latest version available: 2.6.35-r2 Latest version installed: 2.6.35-r2 Size of files: 378 kB Homepage: http://www.linuxfoundation.org/collaborate/workgroups/networking/iproute2 Description: kernel routing and traffic control utilities License: GPL-2 A small snippet of my kernel .config (view entire .config): gtwy linux # cat .config | grep NETLINK CONFIG_NETFILTER_NETLINK=y CONFIG_NETFILTER_NETLINK_QUEUE=y CONFIG_NETFILTER_NETLINK_LOG=y CONFIG_NF_CT_NETLINK=y CONFIG_SCSI_NETLINK=y gtwy linux # cat .config | grep IP_ADVANCED_ROUTER CONFIG_IP_ADVANCED_ROUTER=y gtwy linux # cat .config | grep INGRESS CONFIG_NET_SCH_INGRESS=y gtwy linux # cat .config | grep NET_SCHED CONFIG_NET_SCHED=y emerge --info Portage 2.1.9.25 (default/linux/amd64/10.0, gcc-4.1.2, glibc-2.10.1-r1, 2.6.36-gentoo-r5 x86_64) ================================================================= System uname: Linux-2.6.36-gentoo-r5-x86_64-Intel-R-_Xeon-R-_CPU_X3220_@_2.40GHz-with-gentoo-1.12.13 Timestamp of tree: Thu, 13 Jan 2011 01:15:01 +0000 app-shells/bash: 4.0_p37 dev-java/java-config: 1.3.7-r1, 2.1.10 dev-lang/python: 2.4.6, 2.5.4-r4, 2.6.5-r2, 3.1.2-r3 sys-apps/baselayout: 1.12.13 sys-apps/sandbox: 1.6-r2 sys-devel/autoconf: 2.13, 2.65 sys-devel/automake: 1.9.6-r2::<unknown repository>, 1.10.2, 1.11.1 sys-devel/binutils: 2.20.1-r1 sys-devel/gcc: 4.1.2, 4.3.4, 4.4.3-r2 sys-devel/gcc-config: 1.4.1 sys-devel/libtool: 2.2.6b sys-devel/make: 3.81 virtual/os-headers: 2.6.30-r1 (sys-kernel/linux-headers) ACCEPT_KEYWORDS="amd64" ACCEPT_LICENSE="*" CBUILD="x86_64-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=nocona -O2 -pipe" CHOST="x86_64-pc-linux-gnu" CONFIG_PROTECT="/etc /var/bind" CONFIG_PROTECT_MASK="/etc/ca-certificates.conf /etc/env.d /etc/env.d/java/ /etc/fonts/fonts.conf /etc/gconf /etc/php/apache2-php5/ext-active/ /etc/php/cgi-php5/ext-active/ /etc/php/cli-php5/ext-active/ /etc/revdep-rebuild /etc/sandbox.d /etc/terminfo" CXXFLAGS="-march=nocona -O2 -pipe" DISTDIR="/usr/portage/distfiles" FEATURES="assume-digests binpkg-logs distlocks fixlafiles fixpackages news parallel-fetch protect-owned sandbox sfperms strict unknown-features-warn unmerge-logs unmerge-orphans userfetch" GENTOO_MIRRORS="http://gentoo.chem.wisc.edu/gentoo" LC_ALL="en_US.UTF-8" LDFLAGS="-Wl,-O1 -Wl,--as-needed" LINGUAS="en" MAKEOPTS="-j5" PKGDIR="/usr/portage/packages" PORTAGE_CONFIGROOT="/" PORTAGE_RSYNC_OPTS="--recursive --links --safe-links --perms --times --compress --force --whole-file --delete --stats --timeout=180 --exclude=/distfiles --exclude=/local --exclude=/packages" PORTAGE_TMPDIR="/var/tmp" PORTDIR="/usr/portage" PORTDIR_OVERLAY="/usr/local/portage" SYNC="rsync://rsync.namerica.gentoo.org/gentoo-portage" USE="acl amd64 apache2 berkdb bzip2 cli cracklib crypt ctype cups curl cxx dri fortran gdbm gpm iconv jpeg jpeg2k libwww mmx modules mudflap multilib mysql ncurses nls nptl nptlonly openmp pam pcre perl php png pppd python readline session sockets sse sse2 ssl symlink sysfs tcpd threads unicode vhosts xml xorg xsl zlib" ALSA_CARDS="ali5451 als4000 atiixp atiixp-modem bt87x ca0106 cmipci emu10k1x ens1370 ens1371 es1938 es1968 fm801 hda-intel intel8x0 intel8x0m maestro3 trident usb-audio via82xx via82xx-modem ymfpci" ALSA_PCM_PLUGINS="adpcm alaw asym copy dmix dshare dsnoop empty extplug file hooks iec958 ioplug ladspa lfloat linear meter mmap_emul mulaw multi null plug rate route share shm softvol" APACHE2_MODULES="actions alias auth_basic authn_alias authn_anon authn_dbm authn_default authn_file authz_dbm authz_default authz_groupfile authz_host authz_owner authz_user autoindex cache cgi cgid dav dav_fs dav_lock deflate dir disk_cache env expires ext_filter file_cache filter headers include info log_config logio mem_cache mime mime_magic negotiation rewrite setenvif speling status unique_id userdir usertrack vhost_alias" COLLECTD_PLUGINS="df interface irq load memory rrdtool swap syslog" ELIBC="glibc" GPSD_PROTOCOLS="ashtech aivdm earthmate evermore fv18 garmin garmintxt gpsclock itrax mtk3301 nmea ntrip navcom oceanserver oldstyle oncore rtcm104v2 rtcm104v3 sirf superstar2 timing tsip tripmate tnt ubx" INPUT_DEVICES="keyboard mouse evdev" KERNEL="linux" LCD_DEVICES="bayrad cfontz cfontz633 glk hd44780 lb216 lcdm001 mtxorb ncurses text" LINGUAS="en" PHP_TARGETS="php5-3" RUBY_TARGETS="ruby18" USERLAND="GNU" VIDEO_CARDS="fbdev glint intel mach64 mga neomagic nouveau nv r128 radeon savage sis tdfx trident vesa via vmware dummy v4l" XTABLES_ADDONS="quota2 psd pknock lscan length2 ipv4options ipset ipp2p iface geoip fuzzy condition tee tarpit sysrq steal rawnat logmark ipmark dhcpmac delude chaos account" Unset: CPPFLAGS, CTARGET, EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPTS, FFLAGS, INSTALL_MASK, LANG, PORTAGE_BUNZIP2_COMMAND, PORTAGE_COMPRESS, PORTAGE_COMPRESS_FLAGS, PORTAGE_RSYNC_EXTRA_OPTS

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  • How to Install Oracle Software on Remote Linux Server

    - by James Taylor
    It is becoming more common these days to install Oracle software on remote Linux servers. This issue has always existed but was generally resolved either by silent installs or by someone physically going to the server to install the software. This is becoming more difficult with the popular virtualisation and cloud deployment strategies. This post provides the steps involved to install Oracle Software using the GUI interface on a remote Linux server. There are many ways to achieve this, the way I resolve this issue is via Virtual Network Computing (VNC) as it is shipped with RedHat and OEL out of the box. For this post I’m using OEL 5 deployed on a OVM guest. If not already done so download and install a client version of VNC so you can connect to the server. There are many out there, for the purpose of this post I use UltraVNC. You can download a free version from http://www.uvnc.com/download/index.html By default VNC Server is installed in your RedHat and OEL OS, but it is not configured. The way VNC works is when started it creates a client instance for the user and binds it to a specific port. So if have an account on the Linux box you can setup a VNC Server session for that user, you don’t need to be root. For the purpose of this document I’m going to use oracle as the user to setup a VNC Session as this is the user I want use to install the software. However to start the VNC Service you must be root. As the root user run the following command: service vncserver start Starting VNC server: no displays configured                [  OK  ] Login to the Linux box as the user  you wan to install the Oracle software [oracle@lisa ~]$ Run the command to create a new VNC server instance for the oracle user: vncserver You will be ask to supply password information. This is what you will enter when connecting from your desktop client. This password is also independent of the actual Linux user password. The VNC Server is acting as a proxy to this instance. You will require a password to access your desktops. Password: Verify: xauth:  creating new authority file /home/oracle/.Xauthority New 'lisa.nz.oracle.com:1 (oracle)' desktop is lisa.nz.oracle.com:1 Creating default startup script /home/oracle/.vnc/xstartup Starting applications specified in /home/oracle/.vnc/xstartup Log file is /home/oracle/.vnc/lisa.nz.oracle.com:1.log As you can see a new instance lisa.nz.oracle.com:1 has been created. If you were to run the vncserver command again another instance lisa.nz.oracle.com:2 will be created. If you are going through a firewall you will need to ensure that the port 5901 (port 1) is open between your client desktop and the Linux Server. Depending on the options chosen at install time a firewall could be in place. The simplest way to disable this is using the command. You will need to be root. service iptables stop This will stop the firewall while you install. If you just want to add a port to the accepted lists use the firewall UI. You will need to be root. system-config-security-level Now you are ready to connect to the server via the VNC. Using the software installed in step one start the VNC Client. You should be prompted for the server and port. If connectivity is established, you will be prompted for the password entered in step 5. You should now be presented with a terminal screen ready to install software Go to the location of the oracle install software and start the Oracle Universal Installer

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  • Setting up a home server - what to use? (ZFS vs btrfs, BSD vs Linux, misc other requirements)

    - by monch1962
    I need to get all our home content off individual machines and onto a central server. What I'd like to have is the metaphorical "server under the stairs". Stuff we need: expandable storage. I want to be able to add extra disc as we go along, with minimal maintenance required. Currently we've got about 3Tb of files we need to host, and that's likely to grow by another Tb every 6-12 months based on recent history. I need to be able to add additional disc with minimal pain needs to store all the media (i.e. photos, video, music) we have, and run services to serve the various devices we have in the house to playback (e.g. DAAP so we can play stuff through iTunes, ccxstream so we can play stuff over XBMC). DAAP and ccxstream are needed now, but we also need to support new standards as they emerge (so a closed-box solution isn't going to work) RAID 5, or something broadly equivalent (e.g. RAID-Z) BitTorrent client ssh, NFS, Samba access snapshot capability (as in ZFS), so we can snapshot individual file systems regularly and rollback when my kids delete their school assignments the day before they're due... ability to recover quickly from power outages (it's not unusual for us to have power outages that last longer than our UPS' batteries) FOSS software a modern distributed version control system running on the box, such as Mercurial Stuff I'd like to have on the server, but can live without: PVR capability, so I could record TV to the box Web server. We currently run a small Web server on a very old box, and I'd ideally like to turn the old box off and move the content to the new server just to save some electricity Nagios + mrtg I've been looking at using a EEE Box as the server, primarily because I can get them cheap and they don't consume much power. The choice of OS and file system is more difficult, from what I've found: I've got most experience with various Linux distros, but am happy to use another Unix FreeBSD and OpenSolaris seem to be the best choices for hosting ZFS OpenSolaris' hardware support is nowhere near as good as e.g. Ubuntu btrfs, while looking very good, doesn't seem ready for prime-time yet ZFS doesn't let you (easily?) add new discs to a RAID5 or RAID-Z reading around, it seems that ZFS is a bit short of tools for recovering lost data At the moment, I'm leaning towards running FreeNAS+ZFS, but I'm concerned about the requirement to be able to add new disc on a fairly regular basis to an existing RAID-Z. Can anyone provide some recommendations, or share experiences? Thanks in advance

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  • Setting up a home server - what to use? (ZFS vs btrfs, BSD vs Linux, misc other requirements)

    - by monch1962
    I need to get all our home content off individual machines and onto a central server. What I'd like to have is the metaphorical "server under the stairs". Stuff we need: expandable storage. I want to be able to add extra disc as we go along, with minimal maintenance required. Currently we've got about 3Tb of files we need to host, and that's likely to grow by another Tb every 6-12 months based on recent history. I need to be able to add additional disc with minimal pain needs to store all the media (i.e. photos, video, music) we have, and run services to serve the various devices we have in the house to playback (e.g. DAAP so we can play stuff through iTunes, ccxstream so we can play stuff over XBMC). DAAP and ccxstream are needed now, but we also need to support new standards as they emerge (so a closed-box solution isn't going to work) RAID 5, or something broadly equivalent (e.g. RAID-Z) BitTorrent client ssh, NFS, Samba access snapshot capability (as in ZFS), so we can snapshot individual file systems regularly and rollback when my kids delete their school assignments the day before they're due... ability to recover quickly from power outages (it's not unusual for us to have power outages that last longer than our UPS' batteries) FOSS software a modern distributed version control system running on the box, such as Mercurial Stuff I'd like to have on the server, but can live without: PVR capability, so I could record TV to the box Web server. We currently run a small Web server on a very old box, and I'd ideally like to turn the old box off and move the content to the new server just to save some electricity Nagios + mrtg I've been looking at using a EEE Box as the server, primarily because I can get them cheap and they don't consume much power. The choice of OS and file system is more difficult, from what I've found: I've got most experience with various Linux distros, but am happy to use another Unix FreeBSD and OpenSolaris seem to be the best choices for hosting ZFS OpenSolaris' hardware support is nowhere near as good as e.g. Ubuntu btrfs, while looking very good, doesn't seem ready for prime-time yet ZFS doesn't let you (easily?) add new discs to a RAID5 or RAID-Z reading around, it seems that ZFS is a bit short of tools for recovering lost data At the moment, I'm leaning towards running FreeNAS+ZFS, but I'm concerned about the requirement to be able to add new disc on a fairly regular basis to an existing RAID-Z. Can anyone provide some recommendations, or share experiences? Thanks in advance

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  • Setting up a home server - what to use? (ZFS vs btrfs, BSD vs Linux, misc other requirements)

    - by monch1962
    I need to get all our home content off individual machines and onto a central server. What I'd like to have is the metaphorical "server under the stairs". Stuff we need: expandable storage. I want to be able to add extra disc as we go along, with minimal maintenance required. Currently we've got about 3Tb of files we need to host, and that's likely to grow by another Tb every 6-12 months based on recent history. I need to be able to add additional disc with minimal pain needs to store all the media (i.e. photos, video, music) we have, and run services to serve the various devices we have in the house to playback (e.g. DAAP so we can play stuff through iTunes, ccxstream so we can play stuff over XBMC). DAAP and ccxstream are needed now, but we also need to support new standards as they emerge (so a closed-box solution isn't going to work) RAID 5, or something broadly equivalent (e.g. RAID-Z) BitTorrent client ssh, NFS, Samba access snapshot capability (as in ZFS), so we can snapshot individual file systems regularly and rollback when my kids delete their school assignments the day before they're due... ability to recover quickly from power outages (it's not unusual for us to have power outages that last longer than our UPS' batteries) FOSS software a modern distributed version control system running on the box, such as Mercurial Stuff I'd like to have on the server, but can live without: PVR capability, so I could record TV to the box Web server. We currently run a small Web server on a very old box, and I'd ideally like to turn the old box off and move the content to the new server just to save some electricity Nagios + mrtg I've been looking at using a EEE Box as the server, primarily because I can get them cheap and they don't consume much power. The choice of OS and file system is more difficult, from what I've found: I've got most experience with various Linux distros, but am happy to use another Unix FreeBSD and OpenSolaris seem to be the best choices for hosting ZFS OpenSolaris' hardware support is nowhere near as good as e.g. Ubuntu btrfs, while looking very good, doesn't seem ready for prime-time yet ZFS doesn't let you (easily?) add new discs to a RAID5 or RAID-Z reading around, it seems that ZFS is a bit short of tools for recovering lost data At the moment, I'm leaning towards running FreeNAS+ZFS, but I'm concerned about the requirement to be able to add new disc on a fairly regular basis to an existing RAID-Z. Can anyone provide some recommendations, or share experiences? Thanks in advance

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  • Use an audio/video file from a Linux laptop via USB to be played by Magic Sing ET-23H

    - by AisIceEyes
    I am one of the technical directors of a regular karaoke contest event. For the karaoke contest itself, due to tight budget, we are using what one of the sponsors are providing - Magic Sing ET-23H . The video output of the Magic Sing ET-23H are broadcasted at two big screens that are being shown to the audience and event attendees. When a karaoke contestant provides his / her karaoke video, the video itself is in a readable USB flashdrive and is attached to the USB input of Magic Sing ET-23H. What really bugs me is that the interface of Magic Sing ET-23H are also being broadcasted at the big screen video feeds. The interface of choosing the video file is being seen in the Magic Sing ET-23H - also to the big video screens that are seen by the audience and event goers. I will post in the comments ( if my less than 10 reputation would allow me) the picture of Magic Sing ET-23KH USB input of the device. I always bring my laptop, Acer AS5742-7653, during the regular karaoke event. I'm using my laptop also for tallying of scores from the judges, and also playing audio files from contestants that did not provide a karaoke video. I personally am using different Linux distros, but I next to all the time use my Ubuntu Studio 12.04.3 64bit partition during the regular karaoke contest event. My question is this: Is there a way I can share a temporary video/audio file directly from the laptop I'm using, going to the Magic Sing ET-23H that can broadcast both the video/audio file? Just like how in Window's Avisynth AVS files, or VirtualDub's temporary avi file, or like using ffplay (of ffmpeg), etc. I have researched somewhat the matter and found links in SuperUser.com. Though I can only provide the links at the comments section of this post if my reputation of less than 10 would allow me. I have a hunch it is possible, but I have not fully understood the device being used at the event, Magic Sing ET-23H, if there are other ways for it to broadcast video and audio files besides its USB input. Any help to my current predicament is highly appreciated. Thank you. PS: Since I need at least 10 reputation to post more than 2 links and also post images, I will try to post the image & links at the comments (if my below 10 reputation would allow me).

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  • How can I remove old log entries from a log file and archive them somewhere else in Linux?

    - by Mike B
    CentOS 4.x I apologize in advance if this is not the appropriate place to ask this question. It pertains to a linux server / IT admin task. I've got a log file on an old CentOS 4.x server and I want to remove log entries older than a certain date and place them in a new file for archive. Here's an example of the log format: 2012-06-07 22:32:01,289 ABC:0|Foo|Foo2|4.4|1234|Some Event|123|blah blah blah 2012-06-07 22:32:03,289 ABC:0|Foo|Foo2|4.4|1234|Some Event|123|blah blah blah 2012-06-07 22:32:04,289 ABC:0|Foo|Foo2|4.4|1234|Some Event|123| 2012-06-07 22:32:10,289 ABC:0|Foo|Foo2|4.4|1234|Some Event|123|blah blah blah 2012-06-07 22:32:12,289 ABC:0|Foo|Foo2|4.4|1234|Some Event|123|blah blah blah 2012-06-07 22:32:15,289 ABC:0|Foo|Foo2|4.4|1234|Some Event|123| 2012-06-07 22:32:40,289 ABC:0|Foo|Foo2|4.4|1234|Some Event|123|blah blah blah 2012-06-07 22:32:58,289 ABC:0|Foo|Foo2|4.4|1234|Some Event|123|blah blah blah 2012-06-07 22:33:01,289 ABC:0|Foo|Foo2|4.4|1234|Some Event|123| 2012-06-07 22:33:01,289 ABC:0|Foo|Foo2|4.4|1234|Some Event|123|blah blah blah 2012-06-07 22:33:02,289 ABC:0|Foo|Foo2|4.4|1234|Some Event|123| Essentially, I'm looking for a one-liner that will do the following: Find any events older than a provided YYYY-MM-DD and remove them from the primary log file. Take the deleted events from step 1 and put them in a new log file (Optional) Compress the new archive log file holding the deleted events. I'm aware that there are log rotate tools that do this but this should just be a one-time task so I'd prefer not to set that up. Additional notes: If the date part it tricky or too resource intensive, an alternative would be to just keep the last X number of lines and move the rest. I was originally thinking of something like tail -n 10000 > newfile.txt but that would mean moving the "good" logs to a new file and then doing a name swap... and then I'd still need to remove the "good" entries from the archive. This particular log file is pretty large (1 GB) so I'd prefer the task to be as resource and time efficient as possible. The extra pipes in the log concern me and I'm not sure if I'd need extra protection in the commands to avoid that from causing problems.

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  • linux disk usage report inconsistancy after removing file. cpanel inaccurate disk usage report

    - by brando
    relevant software: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.3 (Santiago) cpanel installed 11.34.0 (build 7) background and problem: I was getting a disk usage warning (via cpanel) because /var seemed to be filling up on my server. The assumption would be that there was a log file growing too large and filling up the partition. I recently removed a large log file and changed my syslog config to rotate the log files more regularly. I removed something like /var/log/somefile and edited /etc/rsyslog.conf. This is the reason I was suspicious of the disk usage report warning issued by cpanel that I was getting because it didn't seem right. This is what df was reporting for the partitions: $ [/var]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 9.9G 511M 8.9G 6% / tmpfs 5.9G 0 5.9G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 99M 53M 42M 56% /boot /dev/sda8 883G 384G 455G 46% /home /dev/sdb1 9.9G 151M 9.3G 2% /tmp /dev/sda3 9.9G 7.8G 1.6G 84% /usr /dev/sda5 9.9G 9.3G 108M 99% /var This is what du was reporting for /var mount point: $ [/var]# du -sh 528M . clearly something funky was going on. I had a similar kind of reporting inconsistency in the past and I restarted the server and df reporting seemed to be correct after that. I decided to reboot the server to see if the same thing would happpen. This is what df reports now: $ [~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 9.9G 511M 8.9G 6% / tmpfs 5.9G 0 5.9G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 99M 53M 42M 56% /boot /dev/sda8 883G 384G 455G 46% /home /dev/sdb1 9.9G 151M 9.3G 2% /tmp /dev/sda3 9.9G 7.8G 1.6G 84% /usr /dev/sda5 9.9G 697M 8.7G 8% /var This looks more like what I'd expect to get. For consistency this is what du reports for /var: $ [/var]# du -sh 638M . question: This is a nuisance. I'm not sure where the disk usage reports issued by cpanel get their info but it clearly isn't correct. How can I avoid this inaccurate reporting in the future? It seems like df reporting wrong disk usage is a strong indicator of the source problem but I'm not sure. Is there a way to 'refresh' the filesystem somehow so that the df report is accurate without restarting the server? Any other ideas for resolving this issue?

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  • Trying to grok Linux quotas, where is the data stored?

    - by CarpeNoctem
    So all the tutorials and documentation for the Linux quota system has left me confused. For each filesystem with quotas enabled/on where is the actual quota information stored? Is it filesystem metadata or is it in a file? Say user foo creates a new file on /home. How does the kernel determine whether user foo is below their hard limit? Does the kernel have to tally up quota information on that filesystem each time or is it in the superblock or somewhere else? As far as I understand, the kernel consults the aquota.user file for the actual rules, but where is the current quota usage data stored? Can this be viewed with any tools outside repquota and the like? TIA!! Update: Thanks for the help. I had already read that mini-HOWTO. I am pretty clear on the usage of the user space tools. What I was unclear on is whether the usage data was ALSO in the file that stored per-user limits and you answered this with a yes. From what I can tell, rc.sysinit runs quotacheck and quotaon on startup. The quotacheck program analyzes the filesystem, updates the aquota.* files. It then makes use of quota.h and the quotactl() syscall to inform the kernel of quota info. From this point forward the kernel hashes that information and increments/decrements quota stats as changes occur. Upon shutdown, the init.d/halt script runs the quotaoff command RIGHT before the filesystems are unmounted. The quotaoff command does not appear to update the aquota.* files with the information the kernel has in memory. I say this because the {a,c,m}times for the aquota.user file are only updated upon a reboot of the system or by manual running the quotacheck command. It appears - as far as I can tell - that the kernel just drops it's up-to-date usage data on the floor at shutdown. This information is never used to update the aquota.* files. They are updated during startup by quotacheck(rc.sysinit). Seems silly to me since that updated info had already been collected by the kernel. So...in conclusion I am still not entirely clear on the methods. ;)

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  • Linux service --status-all shows "Firewall is stopped." what service does firewall refer to?

    - by codewaggle
    I have a development server with the lamp stack running CentOS: [Prompt]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 5.8 (Final) [Prompt]# cat /proc/version Linux version 2.6.18-308.16.1.el5xen ([email protected]) (gcc version 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-52)) #1 SMP Tue Oct 2 22:50:05 EDT 2012 [Prompt]# yum info iptables Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.anl.gov * extras: centos.mirrors.tds.net * rpmfusion-free-updates: mirror.us.leaseweb.net * rpmfusion-nonfree-updates: mirror.us.leaseweb.net * updates: mirror.steadfast.net Installed Packages Name : iptables Arch : x86_64 Version : 1.3.5 Release : 9.1.el5 Size : 661 k Repo : installed .... Snip.... When I run: service --status-all Part of the output looks like this: .... Snip.... httpd (pid xxxxx) is running... Firewall is stopped. Table: filter Chain INPUT (policy DROP) num target prot opt source destination 1 RH-Firewall-1-INPUT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain FORWARD (policy DROP) num target prot opt source destination 1 RH-Firewall-1-INPUT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) num target prot opt source destination Chain RH-Firewall-1-INPUT (2 references) ....Snip.... iptables has been loaded to the kernel and is active as represented by the rules being displayed. Checking just the iptables returns the rules just like status all does: [Prompt]# service iptables status Table: filter Chain INPUT (policy DROP) num target prot opt source destination 1 RH-Firewall-1-INPUT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain FORWARD (policy DROP) num target prot opt source destination 1 RH-Firewall-1-INPUT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) num target prot opt source destination Chain RH-Firewall-1-INPUT (2 references) .... Snip.... Starting or restarting iptables indicates that the iptables have been loaded to the kernel successfully: [Prompt]# service iptables restart Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ] Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ] Unloading iptables modules: [ OK ] Applying iptables firewall rules: [ OK ] Loading additional iptables modules: ip_conntrack_netbios_n[ OK ] [Prompt]# service iptables start Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ] Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ] Unloading iptables modules: [ OK ] Applying iptables firewall rules: [ OK ] Loading additional iptables modules: ip_conntrack_netbios_n[ OK ] I've googled "Firewall is stopped." and read a number of iptables guides as well as the RHEL documentation, but no luck. As far as I can tell, there isn't a "Firewall" service, so what is the line "Firewall is stopped." referring to?

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  • Can a WCF Service provide publish/subscribe activity to a Linux-based C++ client application?

    - by Jeremy Roddingham
    I have a WCF service written to provide certain functionality to intranet-based clients. This is easy when a client is running Windows. I want to implement the same functionality for my Windows clients that is available to my linux clients. My questions are? How can I communicate to a linux c++ based client (supporting callback operations for a publish subscribe) type situation? I am aware of using SOAP over the HTTPBinding but is that the only way (does not support callbacks I believe)? Would the same apply if I were using TCPBinding on the service-side? Currently, the service is set up using TCP but what are my options for the linux client communcation? I read somewhere that messages can also be sent (via webservices I believe) in XML rather than SOAP? Which would be a better approach or how to determine which is a better approach? I am trying to understand the options I would have for a WCF data service if I wanted to communicate with it from a linux client. I appreciate all your help. Thank You, Jeremy

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  • What are some choices to port existing Windows GUI app written in C to Linux?

    - by Warner Young
    I've been tasked with porting an existing Windows GUI app to Linux. Ideally, I'd like to do this so the same code base can be used to build either the Windows version or the Linux version. I'll be doing my work on Ubuntu 9.04. After searching around, it's unclear to me what tools are best suited to help me with this. A list of loose requirements would be: The code is in C, not C++, and should compile to build both Windows and Linux versions. Since it's existing code, and fairly large, converting to a managed language like .NET is out of the question for now. I would prefer if I can use the same dialogs in both systems. In Windows, putting up a dialog is pretty simple. You build the dialog in the Resource Editor in Visual Studio, then call DialogBox() API, and handle the event messages. I would really like to find something that can do the equivalent on the Linux side. It would also be nice to have a good IDE similar to Visual Studio. Any helps or hints would be appreciated. Thanks,

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  • Setup SVN/LAMP/Test Server/ on linux, where to start?

    - by John Isaacks
    I have a ubuntu machine I have setup. I installed apache2 and php5 on it. I can access the web server from other machines on the network via http://linux-server. I have subversion installed on it. I also have vsftpd installed on it so I can ftp to it from another computer on the network. Myself and other users currently use dreamweaver to checkin-checkout files directly from our live site to make changes. I want the connect to the linux server from pc. make the changes on the test server until ready and then pushed to the live site. I want to use subversion also into this workflow as well. but not sure what the best workflow is or how to set this up. I have no experience with linux, svn, or even using a test server, the checkin/out we are currently doing is the way I have always done it. I have hit many snags already just getting what I have setup because of my lack of knowledge in the area. Dreamweaver 5 has integration with subversion but I can't figure out how to get it to work. I want to setup and create the best workflow possible. I dont expect anyone to be able to give me an answer that will enlighten me enough to know everthing I need to know to do what I want to do (altough if possible that would be great) instead I am looking for maybe a knowledge path like answer. Like a general outline of what I need to do accompanied with links to learn how to do it. like read this book to learn linux, then read this article to learn svn, etc., then you should know what to do. I would be happy just getting it all setup, but I would like to know what I am actually doing while setting it up too.

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  • one two-directed tcp socket OR two one-directed? (linux, high volume, low latency)

    - by osgx
    Hello I need to send (interchange) a high volume of data periodically with the lowest possible latency between 2 machines. The network is rather fast (e.g. 1Gbit or even 2G+). Os is linux. Is it be faster with using 1 tcp socket (for send and recv) or with using 2 uni-directed tcp sockets? The test for this task is very like NetPIPE network benchmark - measure latency and bandwidth for sizes from 2^1 up to 2^13 bytes, each size sent and received 3 times at least (in teal task the number of sends is greater. both processes will be sending and receiving, like ping-pong maybe). The benefit of 2 uni-directed connections come from linux: http://lxr.linux.no/linux+v2.6.18/net/ipv4/tcp_input.c#L3847 3847/* 3848 * TCP receive function for the ESTABLISHED state. 3849 * 3850 * It is split into a fast path and a slow path. The fast path is 3851 * disabled when: ... 3859 * - Data is sent in both directions. Fast path only supports pure senders 3860 * or pure receivers (this means either the sequence number or the ack 3861 * value must stay constant) ... 3863 * 3864 * When these conditions are not satisfied it drops into a standard 3865 * receive procedure patterned after RFC793 to handle all cases. 3866 * The first three cases are guaranteed by proper pred_flags setting, 3867 * the rest is checked inline. Fast processing is turned on in 3868 * tcp_data_queue when everything is OK. All other conditions for disabling fast path is false. And only not-unidirected socket stops kernel from fastpath in receive

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  • one two-directed tcp socket of two one-directed? (linux, high volume, low latency)

    - by osgx
    Hello I need to send (interchange) a high volume of data periodically with the lowest possible latency between 2 machines. The network is rather fast (e.g. 1Gbit or even 2G+). Os is linux. Is it be faster with using 1 tcp socket (for send and recv) or with using 2 uni-directed tcp sockets? The test for this task is very like NetPIPE network benchmark - measure latency and bandwidth for sizes from 2^1 up to 2^13 bytes, each size sent and received 3 times at least (in teal task the number of sends is greater. both processes will be sending and receiving, like ping-pong maybe). The benefit of 2 uni-directed connections come from linux: http://lxr.linux.no/linux+v2.6.18/net/ipv4/tcp_input.c#L3847 3847/* 3848 * TCP receive function for the ESTABLISHED state. 3849 * 3850 * It is split into a fast path and a slow path. The fast path is 3851 * disabled when: ... 3859 * - Data is sent in both directions. Fast path only supports pure senders 3860 * or pure receivers (this means either the sequence number or the ack 3861 * value must stay constant) ... 3863 * 3864 * When these conditions are not satisfied it drops into a standard 3865 * receive procedure patterned after RFC793 to handle all cases. 3866 * The first three cases are guaranteed by proper pred_flags setting, 3867 * the rest is checked inline. Fast processing is turned on in 3868 * tcp_data_queue when everything is OK. All other conditions for disabling fast path is false. And only not-unidirected socket stops kernel from fastpath in receive

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  • How to filter and intercept Linux packets by using net_dev_add() API?

    - by Khajavi
    I'm writing ethernet network driver for linux. I want to receive packets, edit and resend them. I know how to edit the packet in packet_interceptor function, but how can I drop incoming packets in this function?? #include <linux/netdevice.h> #include <linux/skbuff.h> #include <linux/ip.h> #include <net/sock.h> struct packet_type my_proto; int packet_interceptor(struct sk_buff *skb, struct net_device *dev, struct packet_type *pt, struct net_device *orig_dev) { // I dont want certain packets go to upper in net_devices for further processing. // How can I drop sk_buff here?! return 0; } static int hello_init( void ) { printk(KERN_INFO "Hello, world!\n"); my_proto.type = htons(ETH_P_ALL); my_proto.dev = NULL; my_proto.func = packet_interceptor; dev_add_pack(&my_proto); return 0; } static void hello_exit(void) { dev_remove_pack(&my_proto); printk(KERN_INFO "Bye, world\n"); } module_init(hello_init); module_exit(hello_exit);

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  • linux raid 1: right after replacing and syncing one drive, the other disk fails - understanding what is going on with mdstat/mdadm

    - by devicerandom
    We have an old RAID 1 Linux server (Ubuntu Lucid 10.04), with four partitions. A few days ago /dev/sdb failed, and today we noticed /dev/sda had pre-failure ominous SMART signs (~4000 reallocated sector count). We replaced /dev/sdb this morning and rebuilt the RAID on the new drive, following this guide: http://www.howtoforge.com/replacing_hard_disks_in_a_raid1_array Everything went smooth until the very end. When it looked like it was finishing to synchronize the last partition, the other old one failed. At this point I am very unsure of the state of the system. Everything seems working and the files seem to be all accessible, just as if it synchronized everything, but I'm new to RAID and I'm worried about what is going on. The /proc/mdstat output is: Personalities : [raid1] [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md3 : active raid1 sdb4[2](S) sda4[0] 478713792 blocks [2/1] [U_] md2 : active raid1 sdb3[1] sda3[2](F) 244140992 blocks [2/1] [_U] md1 : active raid1 sdb2[1] sda2[2](F) 244140992 blocks [2/1] [_U] md0 : active raid1 sdb1[1] sda1[2](F) 9764800 blocks [2/1] [_U] unused devices: <none> The order of [_U] vs [U_]. Why aren't they consistent along all the array? Is the first U /dev/sda or /dev/sdb? (I tried looking on the web for this trivial information but I found no explicit indication) If I read correctly for md0, [_U] should be /dev/sda1 (down) and /dev/sdb1 (up). But if /dev/sda has failed, how can it be the opposite for md3 ? I understand /dev/sdb4 is now spare because probably it failed to synchronize it 100%, but why does it show /dev/sda4 as up? Shouldn't it be [__]? Or [_U] anyway? The /dev/sda drive now cannot even be accessed by SMART anymore apparently, so I wouldn't expect it to be up. What is wrong with my interpretation of the output? I attach also the outputs of mdadm --detail for the four partitions: /dev/md0: Version : 00.90 Creation Time : Fri Jan 21 18:43:07 2011 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 9764800 (9.31 GiB 10.00 GB) Used Dev Size : 9764800 (9.31 GiB 10.00 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 0 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Tue Nov 5 17:27:33 2013 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 1 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 0 UUID : a3b4dbbd:859bf7f2:bde36644:fcef85e2 Events : 0.7704 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 0 0 0 removed 1 8 17 1 active sync /dev/sdb1 2 8 1 - faulty spare /dev/sda1 /dev/md1: Version : 00.90 Creation Time : Fri Jan 21 18:43:15 2011 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 244140992 (232.83 GiB 250.00 GB) Used Dev Size : 244140992 (232.83 GiB 250.00 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 1 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Tue Nov 5 17:39:06 2013 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 1 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 0 UUID : 8bcd5765:90dc93d5:cc70849c:224ced45 Events : 0.1508280 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 0 0 0 removed 1 8 18 1 active sync /dev/sdb2 2 8 2 - faulty spare /dev/sda2 /dev/md2: Version : 00.90 Creation Time : Fri Jan 21 18:43:19 2011 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 244140992 (232.83 GiB 250.00 GB) Used Dev Size : 244140992 (232.83 GiB 250.00 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 2 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Tue Nov 5 17:46:44 2013 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 1 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 0 UUID : 2885668b:881cafed:b8275ae8:16bc7171 Events : 0.2289636 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 0 0 0 removed 1 8 19 1 active sync /dev/sdb3 2 8 3 - faulty spare /dev/sda3 /dev/md3: Version : 00.90 Creation Time : Fri Jan 21 18:43:22 2011 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 478713792 (456.54 GiB 490.20 GB) Used Dev Size : 478713792 (456.54 GiB 490.20 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 3 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Tue Nov 5 17:19:20 2013 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 1 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 4 0 active sync /dev/sda4 1 0 0 1 removed 2 8 20 - spare /dev/sdb4 The active sync on /dev/sda4 baffles me. I am worried because if tomorrow morning I have to replace /dev/sda, I want to be sure what should I sync with what and what is going on. I am also quite baffled by the fact /dev/sda decided to fail exactly when the raid finished resyncing. I'd like to understand what is really happening. Thanks a lot for your patience and help. Massimo

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  • Linux?????Oracle ASMLib??????

    - by ??-Oracle
    ??Oracle ASMLIB?????? ?????????linux??????oracle?asmlib?????????,?????????????,????????????????????????????????????????" multipatha",???????? ??????????: ???????????,???????????:ASM??????2??????,????????????????????????3?,?: ???????? ???????? ????????????? ???????:?????????????,?/ dev/ sda?,?????????????.?????2?????????????????? Linux?SCSI????????????????????/dev/sdb?/dev/sdc.??????sdb??sdc?????????? ??,???????????????,???????????????? ,?/dev/multipatha,?????????????,????,??I/ O??multipatha????????????????????????sdb??,?????????????,????????????multipath?????????sdc?????????? ????????????????????,???????????:sdb??sdc???multpatha,??????????????ASMLIB???,??????,ASMLIB?????????????? ASMLIB???,??????????,??ASM????????????????????????????ASM????????,?????????? ??????????:ASM??????????? ??????,ASMLIB????????????.Linux???????????,?????????????,????multipath ?????????? ???????ASMLIB??????????!??Oracle?????,?????????? ?????,????,??????ASMLIB??????????????????,??????????????: ??????:     ASMLIB???ASMLIB???????????????ASMLIB??????ASMLIB?????????????????????????ASMLIB??????????????????,???????????/etc/init.d/oracleasm scandisks????????????ASMLIB????????????????????????????asmlib???,???????????ASMLIB????,?????,ASMLIB??OS????????????,????OS?????????? ????????,???????OS?????????????????ASMLIB?????????????????????????ASMLIB?????????????,?????Oracle??? ASMLib??????????????????????,???????????????????????,ASMLib?????????????,?????????????????.?????????????????????????     ??????????????????,??????????????????????,??ASMLib?????,?????????????????????????????????ASMLib???????????,??????????? ???????: ASMLib?????????/etc/sysconfig/oracleasm.???????/etc/sysconfig/oracleasm-_dev_oracleasm ???????????????????????????/etc/init.d/oracleasm configure ???????????,?????????????? ???????????????? ORACLEASM_SCANORDER ??????????????; ORACLEASM_SCANEXCLUDE????????????????????; ???????????????????.???,????????????????,?????????,?????sd???????SCSI??????????????.??????????,??????????????? /dev/ ?????????????? ??:???????,?????????????????????device-mapper???,????????/dev/dm-XX??/dev/mapper/XXX???????udev???????????????ORACLEASM_SCANORDER ?? ORACLEASM_SCANEXCLUDE???? dm ????? ???????: ??:?????????/etc/sysconfig/oracleasm,????????????/etc/sysconfig/oracleasm-_dev_oracleasm???? ?????????: ???????ASMLib??????????????,?ASMLib??????,??ORACLEASM_SCANORDER??,????: ORACLEASM_SCANORDER="multipath sd" ??,???????,ASMLib??????"multipath"????????????/dev/multipatha ?????????????????????ASMLib?????"sd"?????????SCSI????????/dev/sda?????,???????ASM???? ??????/dev/sdb?/dev/sdc??????,???ASM???,??ASMLib ????????????????ASMLib?????????ASMLib??????????????????? ????????: ?????????ASMLib???????????ASMLib??????,??ORACLEASM_SCANEXCLUDE??,????: ORACLEASM_SCANEXCLUDE="sdb sdc" ??,????????????ASMLib???????????/dev/sdb?/dev/sdc.????????SCSI?????,ASMLib????????????2???,?????/dev/multipath???,??,Oracle?????????? EMC PowerPath ?ASMLib ??????????EMC PowerPatch??????ASMLib?????? ????,PowerPath?2.4 kernels EMC??????Linux??2.6??,?RHEL 4??SLES 9??2.0ASMLib kernel ??????? ??EMC Power Patch???,???EMC Support Matrix????????/?? ??????????? ???????? ASMLib ? PowerPath ?Linux 2.4 Kernel????,?RHEL3 SLES8 ???????,???EMC ?: ??????OTN?????: Configuring Oracle ASMLib on Multipath Disks

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