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• Which useful alternative control structures do you know?

  - by bigown

  Similar question was closed on SO. Sometimes when we're programming, we find that some particular control structure would be very useful to us, but is not directly available in our programming language. What alternative control structures do you think are a useful way of organizing computation? The goal here is to get new ways of thinking about structuring code, in order to improve chunking and reasoning. You can create a wishful syntax/semantic not available now or cite a less known control structure on an existent programming language. Answers should give ideas for a new programming language or enhancing an actual language. Think of this as brainstorming, so post something you think is a crazy idea but it can be viable in some scenario. It's about imperative programming.

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• How should I pronounce the :: and -> in PHP?

  - by Renesis

  When I read these lines aloud to someone: $controller->process(); UserManager::getInstance(); How should the -> and :: be pronounced? Reading the characters themselves in cumbersome and I don't know of any nicknames for them. Being a developer who is used to C-style syntax, I'd like to say "dot", but I'd like something that is easy to say and people can easily understand. It would also be good to know if there are any pronunciations that have become de-facto standards among teams of developers.

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• Good sites for sharing code snippets & pastes that you can share links to?

  - by acidzombie24

  I know there are site tools to check if your webpage is alive, has compression, etc but lets not get into that. What are useful sites to paste code in and to share links to it? The three i know are http://codepad.org/ shows source and runs code online http://www.pastie.org/ share source with syntax highlighting http://jsfiddle.net/ great for JS help or for the occasional test. What else do you know of? One answer per question. I'll let lints and validators slide since you do paste code into them. Mention a weakness if you do know one so others wont be surprised or disappointed.

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• Why do node packages put a comma on a newline?

  - by SomeKittens

  I'm learning node.js and am trying out Express. My first app had this code: var express = require('express') , routes = require('./routes') , user = require('./routes/user') , http = require('http') , path = require('path'); Reading through the mongoose tutorial gives me this: var mongoose = require('mongoose') , db = mongoose.createConnection('localhost', 'test'); On strict mode, JSHint gives me app.js: line 6, col 32, Bad line breaking before ','. Which shows that I'm not the only one out there who's bugged by this syntax. Is there any reason to declare vars this way instead of adding the comma at the end of the line?

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• How should I pronounce the :: and -> in PHP?

  - by NickC

  When I read these lines aloud to someone: $controller->process(); UserManager::getInstance(); How should the -> and :: be pronounced? Reading the characters themselves in cumbersome and I don't know of any nicknames for them. Being a developer who is used to C-style syntax, I'd like to say "dot", but I'd like something that is easy to say and people can easily understand. It would also be good to know if there are any pronunciations that have become de-facto standards among teams of developers.

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• Help with correct php syntax [migrated]

  - by Robert hue

  I was working on some php functions and I got confused with php syntax. Here is the function. Is this correct? to use add_filter inside function_exists check if ( ! function_exists( 'disable_password_reset' ) ) : function disable_password_reset() { return false; } add_filter ( 'allow_password_reset', 'disable_password_reset' ); endif; or this one is correct, to use add_filter outside function_exists check if ( ! function_exists( 'disable_password_reset' ) ) : function disable_password_reset() { return false; } endif; add_filter ( 'allow_password_reset', 'disable_password_reset' ); I was working on Wordpress if that matters.

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• Help with cron syntax

  - by Randy

  I need to setup a cronjob on my webhost. The documentation for my webapp reads as follows: you will need to create following cronjob: /public_html/cake/console/cake -app /public_html/app master Also, I want any output written to a log file. My hosts documentation says this: You can have cron send an email everytime it runs a command. If you do not want an email to be sent for an individual cron job you can redirect the command's output to /dev/null like this: mycommand /dev/null 2&1 Can someone help me write the cron job? I dont know the syntax at all. Thanks for the help!

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• Help with cron syntax

  - by Randy

  I need to setup a cronjob on my webhost. The documentation for my webapp reads as follows: you will need to create following cronjob: /public_html/cake/console/cake -app /public_html/app master Also, I want any output written to a log file. My hosts documentation says this: You can have cron send an email everytime it runs a command. If you do not want an email to be sent for an individual cron job you can redirect the command's output to /dev/null like this: mycommand /dev/null 2&1 Can someone help me write the cron job? I dont know the syntax at all. Thanks for the help!

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• How to use integrated Intel graphics instead of Nvidia graphics on MacBook Pro?

  - by Benjamin Geese

  I am running Ubuntu 12.04 64bit on MacBook Pro 15" 2010 (MacBookPro6,2) and I would like to use the integrated Intel graphics instead of the dedicated Nvidia graphics Ubuntu boots with on this machine. I am booting with UEFI, not REFIT or similar. I managed to switch to UEFI with the help of this page. This wiki page also contains tips on switching to Intel graphics which include some (for me) cryptic boot commands to grub. However if I follow the guide, my display stays just black. Currently, I am only looking for solution to use Intel graphics for Ubuntu to save power and keep my MacBook cool. Dynamic switching or stuff like that is not required.

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• How to re-configure graphics from Intel integrated to Intel / ATI switchable?

  - by Bucic

  There are lots of 'how to get switchable graphics to work' guides but I found none on how to configure a system for switchable graphics operation on Ubuntu from the ground up, nor explaining the current driver situation for particular computer models (integrated+discrete combinations). Example: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HybridGraphics My system being mature and on Intel integrated card also makes things complicated. System information: Ubuntu 12.04 amd64, installed clean with system configured to use only the integrated Intel card Lenovo Thinkpad T500 Intel GMA 4500MHD / ATI Mobility Radeon HD 3650 Current situation: Mature and up-to-date system with no configuration changes to what's given above. I've made a backup image of the system (Clonezilla) so regardless of what's written below let's assume it's our starting point. If something in What I have already tried is not clear you may as well diregard it. What I have already tried: Configuring BIOS to switchable graphics and: Installing Additional Hardware drivers - returned an error. Installing proprietary amd-driver-installer-12.6-legacy-x86.x86_64.run automatically - system starts to 'low-graphics mode'. Tried fixing as per https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BinaryDriverHowto/ATI#Manually_installing_Catalyst_12.6.2C_special_case_for_Intel.2BAC8-ATI_hybrid_graphics Got lost, gave up. Please note that while configuring BIOS for integrated graphics only is pretty straightforward, configuring for switchable graphics is not.

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• Is it normal to not have desktop effects after installing on an Asus N53S?

  - by Fabzter

  I've just installed 11.10 and so far so great, except I just discovered (after looking at another installation) I'm missing some effects. First of all, I am using unity 3d (I chose ubuntu at the login menu), and have already the correct nvidia drivers. Yet, my launcher is the same from unity 2d, the same as the app switcher, and when dragging windows to screen corners, they don't get grabbed. This "error" was present since the begining, so I was not able to detect it. Please help, I want to have an ubuntu experience as nice as everyone else. EDIT 1: I'm using an Asus N53S. My graphic card is Nvidia geforce GT540M. It says cuda, if that matters.

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• How to Install Nvidia Drivers

  - by Richard Rodriguez

  I just ordered the Nvidia GTX 560 card, which should arrive tomorrow. I have a dilemma, though. Should I keep using the driver which is available in "additional drivers" in Ubuntu (10.10), or should I install the driver from the nvidia site? NOTE - The methods to install explained here apply to all Nvidia, Ati & Intel video cards The latest driver available at the nvidia site: LINUX X64 (AMD64/EM64T) DISPLAY DRIVER Version: 280.13 Certified Release Date: 2011.08.01 Operating System: Linux 64-bit Language: English (U.S.) File Size: 52.4 MB I should point out that I don't need the card to unleash its full potential in Ubuntu (I have Windows for gaming, other HDD), I just need it to work properly, that meaning the power saving should work (I don't want the card to overheat for no reason), also I would like the fans to work at proper speeds, etc. So which driver is the best for me?

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• Macbook Pro 8,2 Graphics switching - Ubuntu 12.04

  - by fgs

  I've been reading docs and various pages for a few hours now and can't seem to put all of the pieces together on this. Basically I am trying to get 12.04 installed on my MBP 8,2 with graphics card switching working in some way or another. My basic understanding is that I need to do an EFI boot install of ubuntu so that graphics card switching will work (due to the hardware design). From there I may be able to use one of the kernel modules for graphics switching: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HybridGraphics That article isn't clear on whether I need to do an EFI install. I have also seen comments in posts here that say and EFI install works by default as long as you have refit installed. Overall, I'm quite lost as to the simplest way to proceed to get an install up and running with graphics switching. I don't mind using open source GFX drivers as long as the basics work. Any help towards a solution is greatly appreciated.

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• Graphics system failure

  - by anonymous coward

  I just upgraded two versions of Ubuntu to Oneiric after a recent set of updates broke Audacious 2.4.something in Maverick for me. When it was all finished my Asus Eee 1215N with the 1366x768 screen and the notoriously unsupported Nvidia Ion2 Optimus chipset was working on minimum compatibility fallbacks at 1024x768 resolution. So I did a little bit of reading (not enough) and tried deleting a couple parts of the graphics system to see if I could force a retry on the autodetection. The result: No graphical shell works now. Attempted so far: -reinstalling xorg/nouveau, didn't work. -installing bumblebee/nvidia-current, didn't work. -sudo dpkg-reconfigure -phigh -a, didn't work. I'd like to stress that this is otherwise a perfectly functional installation that I had spent some time setting up already (including a successful compile of Audacious 3.21 that was working with all the plugins). Is there a way for me to rebuild the graphics system from scratch or should I just give up, cry a little, backup data, wipe partition and reinstall with a USB drive?

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• vgaswitcheroo - switch GPU based on load?

  - by Primož Kralj

  Is it possible to make vgaswitcheroo switch between GPU based on load? For example, when computer would be in idle it would turn off discrete and use only integrated; when enough load would accumulate on it it would automatically turn on discrete graphics and disable integrated. My second question is whether there is any GUI applet or something that I could use to manually switch between GPUs - instead of manually echoing in switch file? Edit: I found answer to last question at https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HybridGraphics

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• 3+ monitors, nvidia + intel graphics

  - by gozzilli

  I have seen lots of different posts on this issue, but I cannot figure out what to do. I hope we can collect the available information in one place, so that they can be useful for others. Is it possible to have multiple (3+) monitors running on two different graphics cards? I have 1x nVidia GeForce GTX 550 with 2 DVI ports and 1x Intel integrated graphics, with 2 DVI ports. I understand that they would be running on different instances of X servers. Is that correct? Could someone point me in the right direction to start? On Windows it's so simple, there is no additional thing to do other than going in display preferences and activating all 3+ monitors. They can even be laid out alternating one monitor from one graphics card with another monitor from the other card.

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• How to get Unity working on dual gpu laptop?

  - by Mourgos

  I recently bought a new laptop (Asus X53S series) that has two GPUs, an NVidia GeForce GT 540M and an integrated Intel GPU (I believe it's called Intel HD graphics 3000). I installed the recommended restricted NVidia drivers after a clean Ubuntu 11.10 install. In the 'additional drivers' program I get the message: "This driver is enabled and in use", although when I try to open the NVidia X Server Settings it says "You do not appear to be using the NVIDIA X driver." which seems to be the case since Ubuntu only starts using Unity 2D. I've had the same issue in 11.04 and I was forced to use the nouveau driver just to get unity working, but since I get quite a few crashes with it I really want to get the propriety driver working this time around. Since I've never had this issue with older laptops, I can only assume it is caused due to the dual gpu configuration. How do I get Ubuntu to use the propriety drivers, or is there any workaround to get the integrated Intel GPU to be ignored by Ubuntu? Alternatively, has anyone got Unity working with a similar setup?

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• How do I get Graphics drivers / bluetooth / card reader working on an Acer Aspire V3-571G?

  - by Adam

  A couple of days ago I bought an Acer Aspire V3-571G laptop without a system installed on it. The only thing that was there was Linux Linpus. I created a bootable CD with Ubuntu 12.04 64-bit - I read that my processor was 64 bit and that it might be a good configuration for my gear (I'm not especially fluent with all the computer stuff, still trying to learn) and replaced Linpus with Ubuntu. Everything seemed to work fine, but there're few exceptions to that which came pass my way. My bluetooth doesn't work. It seems to be switched on, but when I check my system settings the button is actually off, and I can't drag it 'perminently' to the 'on' position. Tried a couple of commands I found on the net, none of them helped and there was no word whatsoever in my BIOS settings about enabling bluetooth. My card reader has some serious problems with copying more than one file at a time. I tried to put some music on my phone through a MicroSD card adapter (because my bluetooth doesn't work) and it got stuck every single time I copied an album on it. I'm not sure if all my drivers were properly installed, so I checked in the terminal if it could tell me sth about my graphics. typed: sudo lshw -c display and what i got was: *-display UNCLAIMED description: VGA compatible controller product: NVIDIA Corporation vendor: NVIDIA Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0 version: a1 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress vga_controller cap_list configuration: latency=0 resources: memory:b2000000-b2ffffff memory:a0000000-afffffff memory:b0000000-b1ffffff ioport:2000(size=128) *-display description: VGA compatible controller product: Ivy Bridge Graphics Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 2 bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0 version: 09 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom configuration: driver=i915 latency=0 resources: irq:44 memory:b3000000-b33fffff memory:c0000000-cfffffff ioport:3000(size=64) As I said I'm no expert and not english-speaking generally, but it doesn't seem to be right. I've got a NVIDIA GeForce GT 640M.

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• How to completely shutdown Ati card

  - by Celso

  I would like to know how do i prevent my Ati card from turning on when i enter on ubuntu 11.10. My bios only lets-me shutdown intel hd card or leave the both on but i want to know if is possbible to completely shutdown without having to access to the bios.( if is possible to turn of without using Vgaswitcheroo even better!) My system is: Acer 3820tg-- intel core i3 350M, 2.26 Ghz L3, Ati Mobility Radeon HD 5470 up to 2138 MB hyper memory, 13,3" HD LED LCD, 4gb DDR3, SSD corsair 60GB sata 2. EDIT: I now know what is missing on the answers! I edited /etc/rc.local file and added the next lines: Sleep 3 echo ON /sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitcheroo/switch echo IGD /sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitcheroo/switch echo OFF /sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitcheroo/switch And then save the file and restart. It should be possible to use only the intel card now. By the way, i didn't blacklisted the radeon driver because doing it make my ati card wake up. (use it at your own risk. i only tested in my system)

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• Samsung 7 Graphics Nightmare

  - by tanner

  I just bought a Samsung 7 laptop with the Amd Radeon hd 6490m an I installed the driver. Everything was working smooth and it was rendering nice until I rebooted it. I noticed that it wouldn't boot my favorite game because of a GLSBadRenderRequest. So I went over to the AMD Catalyst program, and it wouldn't fire up because it couldn't find the graphics card!! What do you think is going on? Oh, and that was the latest driver straight from AMD. Im running 12.04lts.

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• Low Graphics and laggy screen after update to 13.10 from 13.04

  - by Wh0RU

  After updating from 13.04 to 13.10 many of 3D unity stuff has stopped working, I am suing Samsung Series 3 (NP350V5X) Laptop which has Switchable Intel and AMD Radeon HD 7670M GFX. xserver-xorg-video-ati does works but NO 3D support and graphics are very low. [I am currently using this] fglrx & fglrx-updates shows blank screen after Login. Intel Graphic Install doesn't work either (dependency error) Output of $ sudo lshw -c video *-display description: VGA compatible controller product: Thames [Radeon HD 7500M/7600M Series] vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0 version: 00 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm pciexpress msi vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom configuration: driver=radeon latency=0 resources: irq:45 memory:e0000000-efffffff memory:c0120000-c013ffff ioport:3000(size=256) memory:c0100000-c011ffff *-display description: VGA compatible controller product: 3rd Gen Core processor Graphics Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 2 bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0 version: 09 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom configuration: driver=i915 latency=0 resources: irq:46 memory:bfc00000-bfffffff memory:d0000000-dfffffff ioport:4000(size=64) Similarly $ /usr/lib/nux/unity_support_test -p OpenGL vendor string: VMware, Inc. OpenGL renderer string: Gallium 0.4 on llvmpipe (LLVM 3.3, 256 bits) OpenGL version string: 2.1 Mesa 9.2.1 Not software rendered: no Not blacklisted: yes GLX fbconfig: yes GLX texture from pixmap: yes GL npot or rect textures: yes GL vertex program: yes GL fragment program: yes GL vertex buffer object: yes GL framebuffer object: yes GL version is 1.4+: yes Unity 3D supported: no Shows no 3D support. Can anyone please guide how to make things working again.

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• OpenGL and switchable graphic cards

  - by Orcun

  I use a laptop and this laptop has readon AMD Radeon HD 6470M and onboad graphic card. When I run fglrxinfo, I get this error: X Error of failed request: BadRequest (invalid request code or no such operation) Major opcode of failed request: 136 (GLX) Minor opcode of failed request: 19 (X_GLXQueryServerString) Serial number of failed request: 12 Current serial number in output stream: 12 Is it a problem ? Because of I reason I can't use opengl. Because, I can't run any opengl applications.

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• Run a VirtualBox VM in a second X-Server with Graphic support

  - by Scindix

  I'm starting a VirtualBox VM (Windows 7) in a second X-Server (Ubuntu 14.04) and i'm using the following xinit script (/path/.vboximage): optirun VBoxManage startvm <vm name> & exec tinywm I recognized that while running Virtualbox normally under Gnome (Unity to be precise ;-) ) I get full graphics support. But when I run it on a second xserver there seem to be some problems. E.g. Windows Aero doesn't seem to work and Chrome WebGL demos are running with poorer performance. I'm not a big Windows expert, so I don't know how I could check the used Graphic card (specification). But it is very obvious that something has changed when running the vm in the extra X-Server. Also when I try to replace tinywm with compiz I get the unity frame around the VM, which also seems to have no graphics acceleration (no transparency effects) So it seems that the X-Server doesn't have Graphic acceleration at all. I have a NVidia 525m and an Intel HD3000 which are both capable of advanced graphics. I'm starting the above script with startx /path/.vboximage - :1 How could I fix that?

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• ATI Radeon HD7000 Series (Laptop) - Switch Mode Between ATI & Intel Integrated GPU. Stuck on Boot Screen On Intel GPU Selection Mode

  - by Monkey Drone

  Laptop Specs: HP Pavilion G6-2020SE GPUs 1) ATI HD7000 Series 2) Intel Integrated OS Installed: x) Ubuntu 12.04 (64 bit) i) ATI Graphics Card Drivers Installed From AMD website. Note: Graphics Card Drivers are Working Fine in 3D Mode. It runs a little Hot as it should since its a GPU. Observation) AMD Catalyst Control Centre Lets me Choose If I want to run the system in HIGH-END (ATI GPU) OR Intel Integrated (Better battery life) While I am on High End GPU Choice, Ubuntu works fine. Problem) But when I switch to Intel Mode in the AMD CCC and reboot the Machine. Ubuntu goes into 'Low Graphics Mode'. The problem is not that it goes into low graphics mode, it is completely expected since I am no longer using the ATI GPU but the integrated Intel GPU. Problem starts with the 'Selection' of the options. During that screen, I have no mouse on the screen (even tried plugging in an external USB mouse) & No Keyboard functionality. Thus I am left completely disabled to choose any option and load into Ubuntu. The Only thing I can do is switch to a terminal and enable ATI GPU through command-line and Ubuntu works Fine again. Is it a bug that there is no mouse/keyboard available to me during the startup of Ubuntu when its launched in Low-Graphics Mode? Any suggestions on how to pass through that? My palms are sweating as I write this down because the ATI GPU is really heating up my laptop. I dont want to boot into Windows or keep it around any longer than necessary. Please advise with help and directions. Sincerely, MonkeyD Edit1: The Answer by Celso has helped me switch to Intel, thus giving me sufficient battery power. Kudos to Celso. Now I can at least use my laptop for the time being without having it burn hair off my skin. I am still looking for answer to my original question of, 'why is lightdm not working properly when I switch to Intel GPU using ATI HD7000 series official drivers provided by AMD'.

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• Why doesn't Unity 3D work on my HD3000 integrated graphics?

  - by Zatsugami

  So I got my new laptop recently. HP Envy 15 with switchable graphics card. I'm using both windows and ubuntu, but for ubuntu I need just Intel HD3000 for better battery live. I've installed fglrx-updates and fglrx-amdcccle-updates. The drivers seems to work for my ATI card. The problem is, Intel HD3000 does not support Unity 3D. Why? My older Intel GMA 4500 did this. lspci -nn | grep VGA 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller [8086:0126] (rev 09) 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI Whistler [AMD Radeon HD 6600M Series] [1002:6741] (rev ff)

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