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  • All Xen domU LVM volumes corrupt after reboot

    - by zcs
    I'm running a Debian Squeeze dom0, and after rebooting it all 7 of my domUs have data corruption. Each is setup as ext3 partition directly on a separate lvm2 volume. None of the lvm volumes will mount; all have bad superblocks. I've tried e2fsck with each superblock to no avail. What else can I try? Each domU has two LVM volumes connected to it, one for the disk and one for swap. The disk is mounted at root, formatted as a normal ext3 partition as a xen-blk device. The volumes are never mounted outside of the guest OS. I'm running Ubuntu 11.04 using the instructions here. I'm not sure that they didn't shutdown properly, all I know is they were corrupt after I issues a clean 'reboot' on the dom0. Here's a sample Xen config file; the rest are the same except for name, vcpus, memory, vif and disk. name = 'load1' vcpus = 2 memory = 512 vif = ['bridge=prbr0', 'bridge=eth0'] disk = ['phy:/dev/VolGroup00/load1-disk,xvda,w','phy:/dev/VolGroup00/load1-swap,xvdb,w'] #============================================================================ # Debian Installer specific variables def check_bool(name, value): value = str(value).lower() if value in ('t', 'tr', 'tru', 'true'): return True return False global var_check_with_default def var_check_with_default(default, var, val): if val: return val return default xm_vars.var('install', use='Install Debian, default: false', check=check_bool) xm_vars.var("install-method", use='Installation method to use "cdrom" or "network" (default: network)', check=lambda var, val: var_check_with_default('network', var, val)) # install-method == "network" xm_vars.var("install-mirror", use='Debian mirror to install from (default: http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu)', check=lambda var, val: var_check_with_default('http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu', var, val)) xm_vars.var("install-suite", use='Debian suite to install (default: natty)', check=lambda var, val: var_check_with_default('natty', var, val)) # install-method == "cdrom" xm_vars.var("install-media", use='Installation media to use (default: None)', check=lambda var, val: var_check_with_default(None, var, val)) xm_vars.var("install-cdrom-device", use='Installation media to use (default: xvdd)', check=lambda var, val: var_check_with_default('xvdd', var, val)) # Common options xm_vars.var("install-arch", use='Debian mirror to install from (default: amd64)', check=lambda var, val: var_check_with_default('amd64', var, val)) xm_vars.var("install-extra", use='Extra command line options (default: None)', check=lambda var, val: var_check_with_default(None, var, val)) xm_vars.var("install-installer", use='Debian installer to use (default: network uses install-mirror; cdrom uses /install.ARCH)', check=lambda var, val: var_check_with_default(None, var, val)) xm_vars.var("install-kernel", use='Debian installer kernel to use (default: uses install-installer)', check=lambda var, val: var_check_with_default(None, var, val)) xm_vars.var("install-ramdisk", use='Debian installer ramdisk to use (default: uses install-installer)', check=lambda var, val: var_check_with_default(None, var, val)) xm_vars.check() if not xm_vars.env.get('install'): bootloader="/usr/sbin/pygrub" elif xm_vars.env['install-method'] == "network": import os.path print "Install Mirror: %s" % xm_vars.env['install-mirror'] print "Install Suite: %s" % xm_vars.env['install-suite'] if xm_vars.env['install-installer']: installer = xm_vars.env['install-installer'] else: installer = xm_vars.env['install-mirror']+"/dists/"+xm_vars.env['install-suite'] + \ "/main/installer-"+xm_vars.env['install-arch']+"/current/images" print "Installer: %s" % installer print print "WARNING: Installer kernel and ramdisk are not authenticated." print if xm_vars.env.get('install-kernel'): kernelurl = xm_vars.env['install-kernel'] else: kernelurl = installer + "/netboot/xen/vmlinuz" if xm_vars.env.get('install-ramdisk'): ramdiskurl = xm_vars.env['install-ramdisk'] else: ramdiskurl = installer + "/netboot/xen/initrd.gz" import urllib class MyUrlOpener(urllib.FancyURLopener): def http_error_default(self, req, fp, code, msg, hdrs): raise IOError("%s %s" % (code, msg)) urlopener = MyUrlOpener() try: print "Fetching %s" % kernelurl kernel, _ = urlopener.retrieve(kernelurl) print "Fetching %s" % ramdiskurl ramdisk, _ = urlopener.retrieve(ramdiskurl) except IOError, _: raise elif xm_vars.env['install-method'] == "cdrom": arch_path = { 'i386': "/install.386", 'amd64': "/install.amd" } if xm_vars.env['install-media']: print "Install Media: %s" % xm_vars.env['install-media'] else: raise OptionError("No installation media given.") if xm_vars.env['install-installer']: installer = xm_vars.env['install-installer'] else: installer = arch_path[xm_vars.env['install-arch']] print "Installer: %s" % installer if xm_vars.env.get('install-kernel'): kernelpath = xm_vars.env['install-kernel'] else: kernelpath = installer + "/xen/vmlinuz" if xm_vars.env.get('install-ramdisk'): ramdiskpath = xm_vars.env['install-ramdisk'] else: ramdiskpath = installer + "/xen/initrd.gz" disk.insert(0, 'file:%s,%s:cdrom,r' % (xm_vars.env['install-media'], xm_vars.env['install-cdrom-device'])) bootloader="/usr/sbin/pygrub" bootargs="--kernel=%s --ramdisk=%s" % (kernelpath, ramdiskpath) print "From CD" else: print "WARNING: Unknown install-method: %s." % xm_vars.env['install-method'] if xm_vars.env.get('install'): # Figure out command line if xm_vars.env['install-extra']: extras=[xm_vars.env['install-extra']] else: extras=[] # Reboot will just restart the installer since this file is not # reparsed, so halt and restart that way. extras.append("debian-installer/exit/always_halt=true") extras.append("--") extras.append("quiet") console="hvc0" try: if len(vfb) >= 1: console="tty0" except NameError, e: pass extras.append("console="+ console) extra = str.join(" ", extras) print "command line is \"%s\"" % extra root There are two LVM logical volumes connected to each VM. Here's the fdisk -l output for the disk volume: Disk /dev/VolGroup00/VMNAME-disk: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00029c01 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/VolGroup00/VMNAME-disk1 1 1045 8386560 83 Linux And the swap volume: Disk /dev/VolGroup00/VMNAME-swap: 536 MB, 536870912 bytes 37 heads, 35 sectors/track, 809 cylinders Units = cylinders of 1295 * 512 = 663040 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0004faae Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/VolGroup00/VMNAME-swap1 2 809 522240 82 Linux swap / Solaris Partition 1 has different physical/logical beginnings (non-Linux?): phys=(0, 32, 33) logical=(1, 21, 19) Partition 1 has different physical/logical endings: phys=(65, 36, 35) logical=(808, 4, 28)

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  • Which of these is pythonic? and Pythonic vs. Speed

    - by Kashyap Nadig
    Hi! I'm new to python and just wrote this module level function: def _interval(patt): """ Converts a string pattern of the form '1y 42d 14h56m' to a timedelta object. y - years (365 days), M - months (30 days), w - weeks, d - days, h - hours, m - minutes, s - seconds""" m = _re.findall(r'([+-]?\d*(?:\.\d+)?)([yMwdhms])', patt) args = {'weeks': 0.0, 'days': 0.0, 'hours': 0.0, 'minutes': 0.0, 'seconds': 0.0} for (n,q) in m: if q=='y': args['days'] += float(n)*365 elif q=='M': args['days'] += float(n)*30 elif q=='w': args['weeks'] += float(n) elif q=='d': args['days'] += float(n) elif q=='h': args['hours'] += float(n) elif q=='m': args['minutes'] += float(n) elif q=='s': args['seconds'] += float(n) return _dt.timedelta(**args) My issue is with the for loop here i.e the long if elif block, and was wondering if there is a more pythonic way of doing it. So I re-wrote the function as: def _interval2(patt): m = _re.findall(r'([+-]?\d*(?:\.\d+)?)([yMwdhms])', patt) args = {'weeks': 0.0, 'days': 0.0, 'hours': 0.0, 'minutes': 0.0, 'seconds': 0.0} argsmap = {'y': ('days', lambda x: float(x)*365), 'M': ('days', lambda x: float(x)*30), 'w': ('weeks', lambda x: float(x)), 'd': ('days', lambda x: float(x)), 'h': ('hours', lambda x: float(x)), 'm': ('minutes', lambda x: float(x)), 's': ('seconds', lambda x: float(x))} for (n,q) in m: args[argsmap[q][0]] += argsmap[q][1](n) return _dt.timedelta(**args) I tested the execution times of both the codes using timeit module and found that the second one took about 5-6 seconds longer (for the default number of repeats). So my question is: 1. Which code is considered more pythonic? 2. Is there still a more pythonic was of writing this function? 3. What about the trade-offs between pythonicity and other aspects (like speed in this case) of programming? p.s. I kinda have an OCD for elegant code. EDITED _interval2 after seeing this answer: argsmap = {'y': ('days', 365), 'M': ('days', 30), 'w': ('weeks', 1), 'd': ('days', 1), 'h': ('hours', 1), 'm': ('minutes', 1), 's': ('seconds', 1)} for (n,q) in m: args[argsmap[q][0]] += float(n)*argsmap[q][1]

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  • How to get rid of bookmarks in synced Chromium

    - by Lambda Dusk
    I'm using three Ubuntu systems in an irregular pattern, and since I use Chrome/Chromium anyway and have a Google account, I decided to make my life a bit easier and sync them. Now I am having a problem: When I want to remove bookmarks from my lists, they not only come back when I switch the machine, they double. By now, I have up to ten identical bookmarks in the list and I spend a lot of time scrolling over them. Is there any way to remove them permanently? EDIT: Apps, too.

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  • Empty Disk when trying to install dual-boot system

    - by Lambda Dusk
    I recently purchased an SSD to speed up my computer experience. Before, I had Windows 7 and Ubuntu in a dual-boot system. The plan was to install Windows 8 on the SSD and then set aside ~30GB for the system files of Ubuntu. I installed Windows 8 just fine on the SSD, then I booted the Ubuntu install CD to make my partitions like always - but GParted tells me the entire SSD is unallocated. Now I am afraid I will lose my Windows installation if I try to do anything to it. Why does GParted think there is no partition on the SSD? Shouldn't it be 4 Partitions, like the Windows installer told me? And is it possible to ignore this and install Ubuntu on the hard disk (where it, frankly, already is) and somehow make it possible to install GRUB on the SSD to revert my dual-boot system without damaging the installed Win8?

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  • How the yin-yang puzzle works?

    - by Hrundik
    I'm trying to grasp the semantics of call/cc in Scheme, and the Wikipedia page on continuations shows the yin-yang puzzle as an example: (let* ((yin ((lambda (cc) (display #\@) cc) (call-with-current-continuation (lambda (c) c)))) (yang ((lambda (cc) (display #\*) cc) (call-with-current-continuation (lambda (c) c)))) ) (yin yang)) It should output @\*@\**@\**\*@\**\**@..., but I don't understand why; I'd expect it to output @\*@\**\**\**\**\*... Can somebody explain in detail why the yin-yang puzzle works the way it works?

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  • Scheme homework Black jack help....

    - by octavio
    So I need to do a game of blackjack simulator, butt can't seem to figure out whats wrong with the shuffle it's suppose to take a card randomly from the pack the put it on top of the pack. The delete it from the rest. so : (ace)(2)(3)(4)(5)...(k) if random card is let say 5 (5)(ace)(2)(3)(4)(5)...(k) then it deletes the 2nd 5 (5)(ace)(2)(3)(4)(6)...(k) here is the code: (define deck '((A . C) (2 . C) (3 . C) (4 . C) (5 . C) (6 . C) (7 . C) (8 . C) (9 . C) (10 . C) (V . C) (Q . C) (K . C))) ;auxilliary function for shuffle let you randomly select a card. (define shuffAux (lambda (t) (define cardR (lambda (t) (list-ref t (random 13)))) (cardR t))) ;auxilliary function used to remove the card after the car to prevent you from removing the randomly selected from the car(begining of the deck). (define (removeDupC card deck) (delete card (cdr deck)) ) (define shuffle2ndtry (lambda (deck seed) (define do-shuffle (lambda (deck seed) (if (> seed 0)( (cons (shuffAux deck) deck) (removeDupC (car deck) deck) (- 1 seed)) (write deck) ) ) ) (do-shuffle deck seed))) (define (shuffle deck seed) (define cards (cons (shuffAux deck) deck)) (write cards) (case (> seed 0) [(#t) (removeDupC (car cards) (cdr cards)) (shuffle cards (- seed 1))] [(#f) (write cards)])) (define random (let ((seed 0) (a 3141592653) (c 2718281829) (m (expt 2 35))) (lambda (limit) (cond ((and (integer? limit)) (set! seed (modulo (+ (* seed a) c) m)) (quotient (* seed limit) m)) (else (/ (* limit (random 34359738368)) 34359738368)))))) ;function in which you can delete an element from the list. (define delete (lambda (item list) (cond ((equal? item (car list)) (cdr list)) (else (cons (car list) (delete item (cdr list))))))) (

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  • Why the R# Method Group Refactoring is Evil

    - by Liam McLennan
    The refactoring I’m talking about is recommended by resharper when it sees a lambda that consists entirely of a method call that is passed the object that is the parameter to the lambda. Here is an example: public class IWishIWasAScriptingLanguage { public void SoIWouldntNeedAllThisJunk() { (new List<int> {1, 2, 3, 4}).Select(n => IsEven(n)); } private bool IsEven(int number) { return number%2 == 0; } } When resharper gets to n => IsEven(n) it underlines the lambda with a green squiggly telling me that the code can be replaced with a method group. If I apply the refactoring the code becomes: public class IWishIWasAScriptingLanguage { public void SoIWouldntNeedAllThisJunk() { (new List<int> {1, 2, 3, 4}).Select(IsEven); } private bool IsEven(int number) { return number%2 == 0; } } The method group syntax implies that the lambda’s parameter is the same as the IsEven method’s parameter. So a readable, explicit syntax has been replaced with an obfuscated, implicit syntax. That is why the method group refactoring is evil.

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  • Gnuplot with octave produces only entirely black bar diagrams

    - by Lambda Dusk
    My problem is the following: On my system (Linux Mint 14), the normal octave and gnuplot packages only produce completely black bar diagrams: I have tried to change the colours in any way I could imagine, but no avail: bar(xbin, yy, 'barwidth', 1, 'facecolor', 'r', 'edgecolor', 'b'); xlabel('x_i'); ylabel('p_i'); print -deps bars.eps However, when I plot the graph with the command graphics_toolkit fltk; It looks fine - but fltk doesn't either understand umlauts or LaTeX-style formula notation like p_i (necessary for captions and labels). Maybe I haven't configured something correctly. I just installed octave from the repos and thought it would work. Anyone can help?

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  • Replace Certificate using Plesk 11

    - by Lambda Dusk
    I am not an admin, but a programmer. But how it is, if you're the only guy who knows about computers, everyone shoves those tasks to you. A certificate of a domain recently expired. The domains are managed using Plesk 11, on a Linux system, Apache2.2. I was given a new certificate from the host, and it is one single .pem file. However, Plesk asks me for a .crt file, a private key and some CA file. I have neither, only this single .pem file the host claims to be the certificate. Since I myself never did anything with SSL certificates, I would really appreciate if anyone can tell me what to do with this file and how to properly add a new one so the old one can be removed.

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  • Implementing `let` without using a macro

    - by Matt Fenwick
    I'm learning Lisp, and I've just gotten to let, which I don't quite understand (the implementation of). A common definition for it is given in terms of lambda as a macro. However, nowhere have I seen that let must be implemented as a macro or in terms of lambda. Is it possible to define let without using a macro or lambda? I know it can be implemented as a primitive, but I want to know whether it can be implemented in Lisp without creating a macro -- by creating a special form or a function.

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  • org-sort multi: date/time (?d ?t) | priority (?p) | title (?a)

    - by lawlist
    Is anyone aware of an org-sort function / modification that can refile / organize a group of TODO so that it sorts them by three (3) criteria: first sort by due date, second sort by priority, and third sort by by title of the task? EDIT: I believe that org-sort by deadline (?d) has a bug that cannot properly handle undated tasks. I am working on a workaround (i.e., moving the undated todo to a different heading before the deadline (?d) sort occurs), but perhaps the best thing to do would be to try and fix the original sorting function. Development of the workaround can be found in this thread (i.e., moving the undated tasks to a different heading in one fell swoop): How to automate org-refile for multiple todo EDIT: Apparently, the following code (ancient history) that I found on the internet was eventually modified and included as a part of org-sort-entries. Unfortunately, undated todo are not properly sorted when sorting by deadline -- i.e., they are mixed in with the dated todo. ;; multiple sort (defun org-sort-multi (&rest sort-types) "Multiple sorts on a certain level of an outline tree, or plain list items. SORT-TYPES is a list where each entry is either a character or a cons pair (BOOL . CHAR), where BOOL is whether or not to sort case-sensitively, and CHAR is one of the characters defined in `org-sort-entries-or-items'. Entries are applied in back to front order. Example: To sort first by TODO status, then by priority, then by date, then alphabetically (case-sensitive) use the following call: (org-sort-multi '(?d ?p ?t (t . ?a)))" (interactive) (dolist (x (nreverse sort-types)) (when (char-valid-p x) (setq x (cons nil x))) (condition-case nil (org-sort-entries (car x) (cdr x)) (error nil)))) ;; sort current level (defun lawlist-sort (&rest sort-types) "Sort the current org level. SORT-TYPES is a list where each entry is either a character or a cons pair (BOOL . CHAR), where BOOL is whether or not to sort case-sensitively, and CHAR is one of the characters defined in `org-sort-entries-or-items'. Entries are applied in back to front order. Defaults to \"?o ?p\" which is sorted by TODO status, then by priority" (interactive) (when (equal mode-name "Org") (let ((sort-types (or sort-types (if (or (org-entry-get nil "TODO") (org-entry-get nil "PRIORITY")) '(?d ?t ?p) ;; date, time, priority '((nil . ?a)))))) (save-excursion (outline-up-heading 1) (let ((start (point)) end) (while (and (not (bobp)) (not (eobp)) (<= (point) start)) (condition-case nil (outline-forward-same-level 1) (error (outline-up-heading 1)))) (unless (> (point) start) (goto-char (point-max))) (setq end (point)) (goto-char start) (apply 'org-sort-multi sort-types) (goto-char end) (when (eobp) (forward-line -1)) (when (looking-at "^\\s-*$") ;; (delete-line) ) (goto-char start) ;; (dotimes (x ) (org-cycle)) ))))) EDIT: Here is a more modern version of multi-sort, which is likely based upon further development of the above-code: (defun org-sort-all () (interactive) (save-excursion (goto-char (point-min)) (while (re-search-forward "^\* " nil t) (goto-char (match-beginning 0)) (condition-case err (progn (org-sort-entries t ?a) (org-sort-entries t ?p) (org-sort-entries t ?o) (forward-line)) (error nil))) (goto-char (point-min)) (while (re-search-forward "\* PROJECT " nil t) (goto-char (line-beginning-position)) (ignore-errors (org-sort-entries t ?a) (org-sort-entries t ?p) (org-sort-entries t ?o)) (forward-line)))) EDIT: The best option will be to fix sorting of deadlines (?d) so that undated todo are moved to the bottom of the outline, instead of mixed in with the dated todo. Here is an excerpt from the current org.el included within Emacs Trunk (as of July 1, 2013): (defun org-sort (with-case) "Call `org-sort-entries', `org-table-sort-lines' or `org-sort-list'. Optional argument WITH-CASE means sort case-sensitively." (interactive "P") (cond ((org-at-table-p) (org-call-with-arg 'org-table-sort-lines with-case)) ((org-at-item-p) (org-call-with-arg 'org-sort-list with-case)) (t (org-call-with-arg 'org-sort-entries with-case)))) (defun org-sort-remove-invisible (s) (remove-text-properties 0 (length s) org-rm-props s) (while (string-match org-bracket-link-regexp s) (setq s (replace-match (if (match-end 2) (match-string 3 s) (match-string 1 s)) t t s))) s) (defvar org-priority-regexp) ; defined later in the file (defvar org-after-sorting-entries-or-items-hook nil "Hook that is run after a bunch of entries or items have been sorted. When children are sorted, the cursor is in the parent line when this hook gets called. When a region or a plain list is sorted, the cursor will be in the first entry of the sorted region/list.") (defun org-sort-entries (&optional with-case sorting-type getkey-func compare-func property) "Sort entries on a certain level of an outline tree. If there is an active region, the entries in the region are sorted. Else, if the cursor is before the first entry, sort the top-level items. Else, the children of the entry at point are sorted. Sorting can be alphabetically, numerically, by date/time as given by a time stamp, by a property or by priority. The command prompts for the sorting type unless it has been given to the function through the SORTING-TYPE argument, which needs to be a character, \(?n ?N ?a ?A ?t ?T ?s ?S ?d ?D ?p ?P ?o ?O ?r ?R ?f ?F). Here is the precise meaning of each character: n Numerically, by converting the beginning of the entry/item to a number. a Alphabetically, ignoring the TODO keyword and the priority, if any. o By order of TODO keywords. t By date/time, either the first active time stamp in the entry, or, if none exist, by the first inactive one. s By the scheduled date/time. d By deadline date/time. c By creation time, which is assumed to be the first inactive time stamp at the beginning of a line. p By priority according to the cookie. r By the value of a property. Capital letters will reverse the sort order. If the SORTING-TYPE is ?f or ?F, then GETKEY-FUNC specifies a function to be called with point at the beginning of the record. It must return either a string or a number that should serve as the sorting key for that record. Comparing entries ignores case by default. However, with an optional argument WITH-CASE, the sorting considers case as well." (interactive "P") (let ((case-func (if with-case 'identity 'downcase)) (cmstr ;; The clock marker is lost when using `sort-subr', let's ;; store the clocking string. (when (equal (marker-buffer org-clock-marker) (current-buffer)) (save-excursion (goto-char org-clock-marker) (looking-back "^.*") (match-string-no-properties 0)))) start beg end stars re re2 txt what tmp) ;; Find beginning and end of region to sort (cond ((org-region-active-p) ;; we will sort the region (setq end (region-end) what "region") (goto-char (region-beginning)) (if (not (org-at-heading-p)) (outline-next-heading)) (setq start (point))) ((or (org-at-heading-p) (condition-case nil (progn (org-back-to-heading) t) (error nil))) ;; we will sort the children of the current headline (org-back-to-heading) (setq start (point) end (progn (org-end-of-subtree t t) (or (bolp) (insert "\n")) (org-back-over-empty-lines) (point)) what "children") (goto-char start) (show-subtree) (outline-next-heading)) (t ;; we will sort the top-level entries in this file (goto-char (point-min)) (or (org-at-heading-p) (outline-next-heading)) (setq start (point)) (goto-char (point-max)) (beginning-of-line 1) (when (looking-at ".*?\\S-") ;; File ends in a non-white line (end-of-line 1) (insert "\n")) (setq end (point-max)) (setq what "top-level") (goto-char start) (show-all))) (setq beg (point)) (if (>= beg end) (error "Nothing to sort")) (looking-at "\\(\\*+\\)") (setq stars (match-string 1) re (concat "^" (regexp-quote stars) " +") re2 (concat "^" (regexp-quote (substring stars 0 -1)) "[ \t\n]") txt (buffer-substring beg end)) (if (not (equal (substring txt -1) "\n")) (setq txt (concat txt "\n"))) (if (and (not (equal stars "*")) (string-match re2 txt)) (error "Region to sort contains a level above the first entry")) (unless sorting-type (message "Sort %s: [a]lpha [n]umeric [p]riority p[r]operty todo[o]rder [f]unc [t]ime [s]cheduled [d]eadline [c]reated A/N/P/R/O/F/T/S/D/C means reversed:" what) (setq sorting-type (read-char-exclusive)) (and (= (downcase sorting-type) ?f) (setq getkey-func (org-icompleting-read "Sort using function: " obarray 'fboundp t nil nil)) (setq getkey-func (intern getkey-func))) (and (= (downcase sorting-type) ?r) (setq property (org-icompleting-read "Property: " (mapcar 'list (org-buffer-property-keys t)) nil t)))) (message "Sorting entries...") (save-restriction (narrow-to-region start end) (let ((dcst (downcase sorting-type)) (case-fold-search nil) (now (current-time))) (sort-subr (/= dcst sorting-type) ;; This function moves to the beginning character of the "record" to ;; be sorted. (lambda nil (if (re-search-forward re nil t) (goto-char (match-beginning 0)) (goto-char (point-max)))) ;; This function moves to the last character of the "record" being ;; sorted. (lambda nil (save-match-data (condition-case nil (outline-forward-same-level 1) (error (goto-char (point-max)))))) ;; This function returns the value that gets sorted against. (lambda nil (cond ((= dcst ?n) (if (looking-at org-complex-heading-regexp) (string-to-number (match-string 4)) nil)) ((= dcst ?a) (if (looking-at org-complex-heading-regexp) (funcall case-func (match-string 4)) nil)) ((= dcst ?t) (let ((end (save-excursion (outline-next-heading) (point)))) (if (or (re-search-forward org-ts-regexp end t) (re-search-forward org-ts-regexp-both end t)) (org-time-string-to-seconds (match-string 0)) (org-float-time now)))) ((= dcst ?c) (let ((end (save-excursion (outline-next-heading) (point)))) (if (re-search-forward (concat "^[ \t]*\\[" org-ts-regexp1 "\\]") end t) (org-time-string-to-seconds (match-string 0)) (org-float-time now)))) ((= dcst ?s) (let ((end (save-excursion (outline-next-heading) (point)))) (if (re-search-forward org-scheduled-time-regexp end t) (org-time-string-to-seconds (match-string 1)) (org-float-time now)))) ((= dcst ?d) (let ((end (save-excursion (outline-next-heading) (point)))) (if (re-search-forward org-deadline-time-regexp end t) (org-time-string-to-seconds (match-string 1)) (org-float-time now)))) ((= dcst ?p) (if (re-search-forward org-priority-regexp (point-at-eol) t) (string-to-char (match-string 2)) org-default-priority)) ((= dcst ?r) (or (org-entry-get nil property) "")) ((= dcst ?o) (if (looking-at org-complex-heading-regexp) (- 9999 (length (member (match-string 2) org-todo-keywords-1))))) ((= dcst ?f) (if getkey-func (progn (setq tmp (funcall getkey-func)) (if (stringp tmp) (setq tmp (funcall case-func tmp))) tmp) (error "Invalid key function `%s'" getkey-func))) (t (error "Invalid sorting type `%c'" sorting-type)))) nil (cond ((= dcst ?a) 'string<) ((= dcst ?f) compare-func) ((member dcst '(?p ?t ?s ?d ?c)) '<))))) (run-hooks 'org-after-sorting-entries-or-items-hook) ;; Reset the clock marker if needed (when cmstr (save-excursion (goto-char start) (search-forward cmstr nil t) (move-marker org-clock-marker (point)))) (message "Sorting entries...done"))) (defun org-do-sort (table what &optional with-case sorting-type) "Sort TABLE of WHAT according to SORTING-TYPE. The user will be prompted for the SORTING-TYPE if the call to this function does not specify it. WHAT is only for the prompt, to indicate what is being sorted. The sorting key will be extracted from the car of the elements of the table. If WITH-CASE is non-nil, the sorting will be case-sensitive." (unless sorting-type (message "Sort %s: [a]lphabetic, [n]umeric, [t]ime. A/N/T means reversed:" what) (setq sorting-type (read-char-exclusive))) (let ((dcst (downcase sorting-type)) extractfun comparefun) ;; Define the appropriate functions (cond ((= dcst ?n) (setq extractfun 'string-to-number comparefun (if (= dcst sorting-type) '< '>))) ((= dcst ?a) (setq extractfun (if with-case (lambda(x) (org-sort-remove-invisible x)) (lambda(x) (downcase (org-sort-remove-invisible x)))) comparefun (if (= dcst sorting-type) 'string< (lambda (a b) (and (not (string< a b)) (not (string= a b))))))) ((= dcst ?t) (setq extractfun (lambda (x) (if (or (string-match org-ts-regexp x) (string-match org-ts-regexp-both x)) (org-float-time (org-time-string-to-time (match-string 0 x))) 0)) comparefun (if (= dcst sorting-type) '< '>))) (t (error "Invalid sorting type `%c'" sorting-type))) (sort (mapcar (lambda (x) (cons (funcall extractfun (car x)) (cdr x))) table) (lambda (a b) (funcall comparefun (car a) (car b))))))

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  • Mocking Sort With Mocha

    - by josephmate
    How can I mock an array's sort expect a lambda expression? This is a trivial example of my problem: # initializing the data l = lambda { |a,b| a <=> b } array = [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ] sorted_array = [ 2, 3, 8, 9, 1] # I expect that sort will be called using the lambda as a parameter array.expects(:sort).with( l ).returns( sorted_array ) # perform the sort using the lambda expression temp = array.sort{|a,b| l.call(a,b) } Now, at first I expected that this would work; however, I got the following error: - expected exactly once, not yet invoked: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ].sort(#<Proc:0xb665eb48>) Is there a way to do what I am looking for? Cheers, Joseph

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  • typesafe NotifyPropertyChanged using linq expressions

    - by bitbonk
    Form Build your own MVVM I have the following code that lets us have typesafe NotifyOfPropertyChange calls: public void NotifyOfPropertyChange<TProperty>(Expression<Func<TProperty>> property) { var lambda = (LambdaExpression)property; MemberExpression memberExpression; if (lambda.Body is UnaryExpression) { var unaryExpression = (UnaryExpression)lambda.Body; memberExpression = (MemberExpression)unaryExpression.Operand; } else memberExpression = (MemberExpression)lambda.Body; NotifyOfPropertyChange(memberExpression.Member.Name); } How does this approach compare to standard simple strings approach performancewise? Sometimes I have properties that change at a very high frequency. Am I safe to use this typesafe aproach? After some first tests it does seem to make a small difference. How much CPU an memory load does this approach potentially induce?

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  • Python del() built-in can't be used in assignment?

    - by emcee
    I noticed a problem when I was trying to use del in a lambda to thin out a list of threads to just those running: map(lambda x: del(x) if not x.isAlive() else x, self.threads) Ignore for a second that this doesn't do anything, I'm just fooling around with map, reduce, and lambda. This fails with a syntax error at del(x). With some messing around, I think the problem is del() doesn't return a value. For example, this fails with the same error: b = 5 x = del(b) This doesn't, however: def rmThis(x): del(x) Which means I'm using this workaround: map(lambda x: rmThis(x) if not x.isAlive() else x, self.threads) So is the limitation just because del() doesn't return a value? Why not? I'm using python 2.6.2

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  • A problem with assertRaises function in Python

    - by anton.k.
    Hello,guys! I am trying to run the following test self.assertRaises(Exception,lambda: unit_test.testBasic()) where test.testBasic() is class IsPrimeTest(unittest.TestCase): def assertRaises(self,exception,callable,*args,**kwargs): print('dfdf') temp = callable super().assertRaises(exception,temp,*args,**kwargs) def testBasic_helper(self): self.failIf(is_prime(2)) self.assertTrue(is_prime(1)) where prime is a function,and but in self.assertRaises(Exception,lambda: unit_test.testBasic()) the lambda function doesnt throws an exception after the test def testBasic_helper(self): self.failIf(is_prime(2)) self.assertTrue(is_prime(1)) fails Can somebody offers a solution to the problem?

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  • Why are closures broken within exec?

    - by Devin Jeanpierre
    In Python 2.6, >>> exec "print (lambda: a)()" in dict(a=2), {} 2 >>> exec "print (lambda: a)()" in globals(), {'a': 2} Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> File "<string>", line 1, in <module> File "<string>", line 1, in <lambda> NameError: global name 'a' is not defined >>> exec "print (lambda: a).__closure__" in globals(), {'a': 2} None I expected it to print 2 twice, and then print a tuple with a single cell. It is the same situation in 3.1. What's going on?

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  • Why do all procedures have to be defined before the compiler sees them?

    - by incrediman
    For example, take a look at this code (from tspl4): (define proc1 (lambda (x y) (proc2 y x))) If I run this as my program in scheme... #!r6rs (import (rnrs)) (define proc1 (lambda (x y) (proc2 y x))) I get this error: expand: unbound identifier in module in: proc2 ...This code works fine though: #!r6rs (import (rnrs)) (define proc2 +) (define proc1 (lambda (x y) (proc2 y x))) (display (proc1 2 3)) ;output: 5

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  • filtering elements from list of lists in Python?

    - by user248237
    I want to filter elements from a list of lists, and iterate over the elements of each element using a lambda. For example, given the list: a = [[1,2,3],[4,5,6]] suppose that I want to keep only elements where the sum of the list is greater than N. I tried writing: filter(lambda x, y, z: x + y + z >= N, a) but I get the error: <lambda>() takes exactly 3 arguments (1 given) How can I iterate while assigning values of each element to x, y, and z? Something like zip, but for arbitrarily long lists. thanks, p.s. I know I can write this using: filter(lambda x: sum(x)..., a) but that's not the point, imagine that these were not numbers but arbitrary elements and I wanted to assign their values to variable names.

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  • How do i pass a number from a list as a parameter in scheme?

    - by wyatt
    I need to take a number from a list and convert it to a number so that i can pass it as a parameter. im trying to make a 1-bit adder in scheme. i've written the code for the or gate and the xor gate and also the half adder and now im trying to combine them all to make a full adder. im not sure if im going about it the right way. any input will be appreciated thank you. (define or-gate (lambda (a b) (if (= a 1) 1 (if (= b 1) 1 0)))) (define xor-gate (lambda (a b) (if (= a b) 0 1))) (define ha (lambda (a b) (list (xor-gate a b)(and-gate a b)))) (define fa (lambda (a b cin) (or-gate (cdr(ha cin (car (ha a b))))(cdr(ha a b))))) the issue i get when i run the program is that the half adder (ha) function outputs a list as a value and that makes the values incompatible with my other procedures because they require numbers and not lists. i feel like there is a simple solution but i dont know it.

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  • C# Dev - I've tried Lisps, but I don't get it.

    - by Jonathan Mitchem
    After a few months of learning about and playing with lisps, both CL and a bit of Clojure, I'm still not seeing a compelling reason to write anything in it instead of C#. I would really like some compelling reasons, or for someone to point out that I'm missing something really big. The strengths of a Lisp (per my research): Compact, expressive notation - More so than C#, yes... but I seem to be able to express those ideas in C# too. Implicit support for functional programming - C# with LINQ extension methods: mapcar = .Select( lambda ) mapcan = .Select( lambda ).Aggregate( (a,b) = a.Union(b) ) car/first = .First() cdr/rest = .Skip(1) .... etc. Lambda and higher-order function support - C# has this, and the syntax is arguably simpler: "(lambda (x) ( body ))" versus "x = ( body )" "#(" with "%", "%1", "%2" is nice in Clojure Method dispatch separated from the objects - C# has this through extension methods Multimethod dispatch - C# does not have this natively, but I could implement it as a function call in a few hours Code is Data (and Macros) - Maybe I haven't "gotten" macros, but I haven't seen a single example where the idea of a macro couldn't be implemented as a function; it doesn't change the "language", but I'm not sure that's a strength DSLs - Can only do it through function composition... but it works Untyped "exploratory" programming - for structs/classes, C#'s autoproperties and "object" work quite well, and you can easily escalate into stronger typing as you go along Runs on non-Windows hardware - Yeah, so? Outside of college, I've only known one person who doesn't run Windows at home, or at least a VM of Windows on *nix/Mac. (Then again, maybe this is more important than I thought and I've just been brainwashed...) The REPL for bottom-up design - Ok, I admit this is really really nice, and I miss it in C#. Things I'm missing in a Lisp (due to a mix of C#, .NET, Visual Studio, Resharper): Namespaces. Even with static methods, I like to tie them to a "class" to categorize their context (Clojure seems to have this, CL doesn't seem to.) Great compile and design-time support the type system allows me to determine "correctness" of the datastructures I pass around anything misspelled is underlined realtime; I don't have to wait until runtime to know code improvements (such as using an FP approach instead of an imperative one) are autosuggested GUI development tools: WinForms and WPF (I know Clojure has access to the Java GUI libraries, but they're entirely foreign to me.) GUI Debugging tools: breakpoints, step-in, step-over, value inspectors (text, xml, custom), watches, debug-by-thread, conditional breakpoints, call-stack window with the ability to jump to the code at any level in the stack (To be fair, my stint with Emacs+Slime seemed to provide some of this, but I'm partial to the VS GUI-driven approach) I really like the hype surrounding Lisps and I gave it a chance. But is there anything I can do in a Lisp that I can't do as well in C#? It might be a bit more verbose in C#, but I also have autocomplete. What am I missing? Why should I use Clojure/CL?

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  • StructureMap Autowiring with two different instances of the same interface

    - by Lambda
    For the last two days, i tried my best to learn something about StructureMap, using an old project of mine as an concrete implementation example. I tried to simplify my question as much as possible. While i will post my examples in vb.net, answers with examples in C# are also okay. The project includes an interfaces called IDatabase which connects itself to a Database. The important part looks like this. Public Interface IDatabase Function Connect(ByVal ConnectionSettings As ConnectionSettings) As Boolean ReadOnly Property ConnectionOpen As Boolean [... more functions...] End Interface Public Class MSSQLConnection Implements IDatabase Public Function Connect(ByVal ConnectionSettings As ConnectionSettings) As Boolean Implements IDatabase.Connect [... Implementation ...] End Function [... more implementations...] End Class ConnectionSettings is a structure that has all the information needed to connect to a Database. I want to open the Database Connection once and use it for every single connection in the project, so i register a instance in the ObjectFactory. dim foo = ObjectFactory.GetInstance(Of MSSQLConnection)() dim bar as ConnectionSettings foo.connect(bar) ObjectFactory.Configure(Sub(x) x.For(Of IDatabase).Use(foo)) Up until this part, everything works like a charm. Now, i get to a point where i hav e classes that need an additional instance of IDatabase because they connect to a second database. Public Class ExampleClass Public Sub New(ByVal SameOldDatabase as IDatabase, ByVal NewDatabase as IDatabase) [...] Magic happens here [...] End Sub End Class I want this second IDatabase to behave much like the first one. I want it to use a concrete, single instance and want to connect it to a different database invoking Connect with a different ConnectionSettings. The problem is: While i'm pretty sure it's somewhow possible, (my initial idea was registering ExampleClass with alternative constructor arguments), i actually want to do it without registering ExampleClass. This probably involves more configuration, but i have no idea how to do it. So, basically, it comes down to this question: How do i configurate the ObjectFactory in a way that the autowiring always invokes the constructor with object Database1 for the first IDatabase parameter and object Database2 for the second one (if there is one?)

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  • Base64 Android encode to PHP decode make error

    - by studio lambda
    I'm a french guy, so, I'm sorry for my english... I'm developing an Android App which communicate with a PHP REST service. So, when I try to encode an image file into Base64 like this : InputStream fileInputStream = context.getContentResolver().openInputStream(uri); BufferedInputStream in = new BufferedInputStream(fileInputStream); StringWriter out = new StringWriter(); int b; while ((b = in.read()) != -1) out.write(b); out.flush(); out.close(); in.close(); String encoded = new String(android.util.Base64.encode(out.toString() .getBytes(), android.util.Base64.DEFAULT)); On server side, I make : $data=base64_decode(chunk_split($base64BinaryData)); The result is that my image file is corrupted! INFO : the image is made by an Intent to android.provider.MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE Activity in Emulator mode (avd 5554) I've already read lots of discussions about similar problem but nothing fix my bug. thanks for help Regards,

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