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• Tuning Linux IP routing parameters -- secret_interval and tcp_mem

  - by Jeff Atwood

  We had a little failover problem with one of our HAProxy VMs today. When we dug into it, we found this: Jan 26 07:41:45 haproxy2 kernel: [226818.070059] __ratelimit: 10 callbacks suppressed Jan 26 07:41:45 haproxy2 kernel: [226818.070064] Out of socket memory Jan 26 07:41:47 haproxy2 kernel: [226819.560048] Out of socket memory Jan 26 07:41:49 haproxy2 kernel: [226822.030044] Out of socket memory Which, per this link, apparently has to do with low default settings for net.ipv4.tcp_mem. So we increased them by 4x from their defaults (this is Ubuntu Server, not sure if the Linux flavor matters): current values are: 45984 61312 91968 new values are: 183936 245248 367872 After that, we started seeing a bizarre error message: Jan 26 08:18:49 haproxy1 kernel: [ 2291.579726] Route hash chain too long! Jan 26 08:18:49 haproxy1 kernel: [ 2291.579732] Adjust your secret_interval! Shh.. it's a secret!! This apparently has to do with /proc/sys/net/ipv4/route/secret_interval which defaults to 600 and controls periodic flushing of the route cache The secret_interval instructs the kernel how often to blow away ALL route hash entries regardless of how new/old they are. In our environment this is generally bad. The CPU will be busy rebuilding thousands of entries per second every time the cache is cleared. However we set this to run once a day to keep memory leaks at bay (though we've never had one). While we are happy to reduce this, it seems odd to recommend dropping the entire route cache at regular intervals, rather than simply pushing old values out of the route cache faster. After some investigation, we found /proc/sys/net/ipv4/route/gc_elasticity which seems to be a better option for keeping the route table size in check: gc_elasticity can best be described as the average bucket depth the kernel will accept before it starts expiring route hash entries. This will help maintain the upper limit of active routes. We adjusted elasticity from 8 to 4, in the hopes of the route cache pruning itself more aggressively. The secret_interval does not feel correct to us. But there are a bunch of settings and it's unclear which are really the right way to go here. /proc/sys/net/ipv4/route/gc_elasticity (8) /proc/sys/net/ipv4/route/gc_interval (60) /proc/sys/net/ipv4/route/gc_min_interval (0) /proc/sys/net/ipv4/route/gc_timeout (300) /proc/sys/net/ipv4/route/secret_interval (600) /proc/sys/net/ipv4/route/gc_thresh (?) rhash_entries (kernel parameter, default unknown?) We don't want to make the Linux routing worse, so we're kind of afraid to mess with some of these settings. Can anyone advise which routing parameters are best to tune, for a high traffic HAProxy instance?

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• Subclipse on Mac - Change user

  - by teepusink

  Hi, I'm using subclipse on mac. I did a checkout using a temp username and password yesterday. Now that I have a new username and password, how can I change my credentials without having to delete my checkout and recheckout? Thank you, Tee

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• Is VBoxManage guestcontrol passing parameters incorrectly?

  - by Dan Jones

  I had an idea of using my Windows VM (on a Ubuntu host) to open itms:// links (for iTunes) from the host. So, I'm using vboxmanage guestcontrol to make this happen. I have a script (win_vm_launcher.sh) that takes a link as the argument, and passes it to the host like this: vboxmanage guestcontrol "$VM" exec --image 'C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe' --username "$USER" --password "$PASSWORD" -- /c start "$@" This works if I copy a link from my browser, and change http to itms. E.g., for https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/new-york-city/id3202598, I can do win_vm_launcher.sh itmss://itunes.apple.com/us/album/new-york-city/id3202598 and it works fine. The album opens up in iTunes on my VM. However, when I click a "View in iTunes" link from the iTunes site, it adds an extra parameter to the URI (specifically, the referrer), so it looks something like itmss://itunes.apple.com/us/album/new-york-city/id3202598?ign-msr=https%3A%2F%2Fitunes.apple.com%2Fus%2Falbum%2Fit-came-upon-midnight-clear%2Fid578946739 Unfortunately, if I try to run win_vm_launcher.sh itmss://itunes.apple.com/us/album/new-york-city/id3202598?ign-msr=https%3A%2F%2Fitunes.apple.com%2Fus%2Falbum%2Fit-came-upon-midnight-clear%2Fid578946739 it insteads opens up a regular Command Prompt window with the title "itmss://itunes.apple.com/us/album/new-york-city/id3202598?ign-msr=https%3A%2F%2Fitunes.apple.com%2Fus%2Falbum%2Fit-came-upon-midnight-clear%2Fid578946739". I don't even know how to set the command prompt window title, so I'm not sure how that's happening. If I run the command in the guest, it works fine, opening the album in iTunes: cmd /c start itmss://itunes.apple.com/us/album/new-york-city/id3202598?ign-msr=https%3A%2F%2Fitunes.apple.com%2Fus%2Falbum%2Fit-came-upon-midnight-clear%2Fid578946739 I found a VirtualBox bug that seems somewhat related, but not exactly. It probably doesn't matter, but my host is Ubuntu 12.04, and my guest is Windows 7. So, any idea if vboxmanage is incorrectly passing the arguments, and if so, is there a way around it? If I can't figure out the right way to do it, I'll end up having to process each argument, and stripping out any parameters on any URIs. P.S. I tried creating a batch script (out.bat) like this: echo %1 > %TEMP%/testing.txt and then running it from the host like this: vboxmanage guestcontrol "$VM" exec --image 'C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe' --username "$USER" --password "$PASSWORD" -- /c "C:\path\to\out.bat" "itmss://itunes.apple.com/us/album/new-york-city/id3202598?ign-msr=https%3A%2F%2Fitunes.apple.com%2Fus%2Falbum%2Fit-came-upon-midnight-clear%2Fid578946739" It ran as expected, and when I open %TEMP%/testing.txt, it contained: "itmss://itunes.apple.com/us/album/new-york-city/id3202598?ign-msr=https%3A%2F%2Fitunes.apple.com%2Fus%2Falbum%2Fit-came-upon-midnight-clear%2Fid578946739" including the quotes. So, it sort of passed the parameter correctly (not sure why it still had quotes), so maybe the problem is with cmd.exe, or even the start command. I'm stymied.

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• Ssh, run a command on login, and then Stay Logged In?

  - by jonathan

  I tried this with expect, but it didn't work: it closed the connection at the end. Can we run a script via ssh which will log into remote machines, run a command, and not disconnect? So ssh in a machine, cd to such and such a directory, and then run a command, and stay logged in. -Jonathan (expect I used) #!/usr/bin/expect -f set password [lrange $argv 0 0] spawn ssh root@marlboro "cd /tmp; ls -altr | tail" expect "?assword:*" send -- "$password\r" send -- "\r" interact

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• Remember login when connecting to another domain on Windows 2008 Sever

  - by lox

  I run Windows 2008 Server (x64) as a workstation and my computer is on one domain and my exchange server, shared folders and intranet is on another domain. Every time I connect to these eg. every time I open Outlook I am prompted to supply username and password in a "Connect to"-dialog and the "Remember password" option has no effect. What can I do to avoid this manual step every time?

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• Safari keeps asking permission to access the keychain.

  - by GameFreak

  Normally when I save a password in Safari it will get added to my login keychain without fuss (assuming that it is already unlocked). But after I set a a master password the default keychain was changed to FileVaultMaster. When I set it back to login Safari then started to always ask for permission to access the keychain. To get it back to the default behavior should I chose always allow or is there something else I should do?

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• Expanding Files 0%, error 0x80070017 Windows 7 x64 RTM

  - by Liam

  I have downloaded Windows 7 x64 from MSDN. I have checked the hash of the file and it is correct. I have them made a bootble USB stick (http://kmwoley.com/blog/?p=345 (had to use my vista bootsect.exe as running 32bit at the moment). When I boot from the USB it fails when expanding the file. It stays on 0% and fails after around 90 seconds. The error is 0x80070017. As the hash is correct and I am using USB I guess it could be a hardware problems. Any advice how to get Windows 7 installed? The machine is a Dell Studio Slim.

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• Cannot SVN checkout when anon-access = none

  - by sKIPper76

  When I have anon-access = write Everything works fine. When I change svnserve.conf to: anon-access = none auth-access = write And uncomment password-db and authz-db AND add user in authz with rw AND put username/password in passwd, nothing works. Eclipse keeps giving me a "Cannot map the project with svn provider" error. I have given all the files under conf 777. Any ideas what's wrong?

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• Free login on Windows Seven

  - by Rafael

  I have a delphi procedure to validate the user login on my system integrated with Active Directory. On Windows xP/2000 when the user use a invalid password It's OK, but on Windows seven the procedure didn't validating the username and password, then the user has a free access on the system

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• Postfix relay to multiple servers and multiple users

  - by Frankie

  I currently have postfix configured so that all users get relayed by the local machine with the exception of one user that gets relayed via gmail. To that extent I've added the following configuration: /etc/postfix/main.cf # default options to allow relay via gmail smtp_use_tls=yes smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtp_tls_CAfile = /etc/ssl/certs/ca-bundle.crt smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous # map the relayhosts according to user sender_dependent_relayhost_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/relayhost_maps # keep a list of user and passwords smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd /etc/postfix/relayhost_maps user-one@localhost [smtp.gmail.com]:587 /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd [smtp.gmail.com]:587 [email protected]:user-one-pass-at-google I know I can map multiple users to multiple passwords using smtp_sasl_password_maps but that would mean that all relay would be done by gmail where I specifically want all relay to be done by the localhost with the exception of some users. Now I would like to have a user-two@localhost (etc) relay via google with their own respective passwords. Is that possible?

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• Installing OpenLDAP on Fedora 12: ldap_bind: Invalid credentials (49)

  - by Alpha Hydrae

  I've been trying to set up the OpenLDAP installed by default on Fedora 12, very unsuccessfully. My ultimate goal is to use LDAP authentication for user login and Apache, using the OpenLDAP server running on the same machine. The server is running, but the error I always get when I try to use ldapsearch or ldapadd is: ldap_bind: Invalid credentials (49) I've been following these tutorials, but none of them helped me: http://www.howtoforge.com/openldap_fedora7 http://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/linux/RHL-9-Manual/ref-guide/s1-ldap-quickstart.html http://www.howtoforge.com/linux_ldap_authentication http://docs.fedoraproject.org/deployment-guide/f12/en-US/html/s1-ldap-pam.html http://www.openldap.org/doc/admin24/quickstart.html First, some components were already installed, and I installed these with yum: yum install openldap-servers openldap-devel Then, I created a basic slapd.conf file in /etc/openldap: database bdb suffix "dc=sniejana-sandbox,dc=com" rootdn "cn=root,dc=sniejana-sandbox,dc=com" rootpw {SSHA}cxdz55ygPu4T3ykg7dgu+L0VRvsFSeom directory /var/lib/ldap/sniejana-sandbox.com I obtained the rootpw with this command: slappasswd -s changeme I also created the /var/lib/ldap/sniejana-sandbox.com directory and made sure the entire contents of /var/lib/ldap were owned by the ldap user. I found two ldap.conf files, one in /etc and one in /etc/openldap. I don't know which is the right one. If I understood correctly, this file is to configure the client. I put this in both: HOST localhost BASE dc=sniejana-sandbox,dc=com I then ran the server with: service slapd start It said OK. Most of the tutorials above say to use the command ldapsearch -D "cn=Manager,dc=my-domain,dc=com" -W to ensure that everything's working. When I execute this command, a password prompt appears, and after entering the password, I get the error. ldapsearch -D "cn=root,dc=sniejana-sandbox,dc=com" -W Enter LDAP password: ldap_bind: Invalid credentials (49) The same thing happens when trying to use ldapadd. I tried with an encrypted and unencrypted password in slapd.conf, it doesn't change anything. Adding a -x for simple authentication doesn't change anything either. netstat -ap confirms the server is listening: tcp 0 0 *:ldap *:* LISTEN 4148/slapd tcp 0 0 *:ldap *:* LISTEN 4148/slapd ps -ef|grep slapd confirms the process is running: ldap 4148 1 0 15:22 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/slapd -h ldap:/// -u ldap Running slaptest procudes config file testing succeeded. I read somewhere that the command ldapsearch -x -b '' -s base '(objectclass=*)' namingContext can confirm the server is running. It appears to work: # extended LDIF # # LDAPv3 # base <> with scope baseObject # filter: (objectclass=*) # requesting: namingContext # # dn: # search result search: 2 result: 0 Success # numResponses: 2 # numEntries: 1 I'm running out of ideas. Am I missing something obvious?

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• Paypal Express Checkout api credentials - How to store them properly?

  - by Sequence

  I've been searching the internet and I've come up with a lot of answers of how to store paypal API credentials(Used in Paypal Express Checkout.) They say to hash the credentials using salt. But what I don't understand is how and where to store the salt. If they get access to the salt, can't they just un-hash the credentials? That doesn't seem very secure to me. They say not to hard-code the API credentials, but any other way still seems really vulnerable. Thanks for taking the time to look at my questions. I'd really appreciate help.

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• IKE Phase 1 Aggressive Mode exchange does not complete

  - by Isaac Sutherland

  I've configured a 3G IP Gateway of mine to connect using IKE Phase 1 Aggressive Mode with PSK to my openswan installation running on Ubuntu server 12.04. I've configured openswan as follows: /etc/ipsec.conf: version 2.0 config setup nat_traversal=yes virtual_private=%v4:10.0.0.0/8,%v4:192.168.0.0/16,%v4:172.16.0.0/12 oe=off protostack=netkey conn net-to-net authby=secret left=192.168.0.11 [email protected] leftsubnet=10.1.0.0/16 leftsourceip=10.1.0.1 right=%any [email protected] rightsubnet=192.168.127.0/24 rightsourceip=192.168.127.254 aggrmode=yes ike=aes128-md5;modp1536 auto=add /etc/ipsec.secrets: @left.paxcoda.com @right.paxcoda.com: PSK "testpassword" Note that both left and right are NAT'd, with dynamic public IP's. My left ISP gives my router a public IP, but my right ISP gives me a shared dynamic public IP and dynamic private IP. I have dynamic dns for the public ip on the left side. Here is what I see when I sniff the ISAKMP protocol: 21:17:31.228715 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 235, id 43639, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 437) 74.198.87.93.49604 > 192.168.0.11.isakmp: [udp sum ok] isakmp 1.0 msgid 00000000 cookie da31a7896e2a1958->0000000000000000: phase 1 I agg: (sa: doi=ipsec situation=identity (p: #1 protoid=isakmp transform=1 (t: #1 id=ike (type=enc value=aes)(type=keylen value=0080)(type=hash value=md5)(type=auth value=preshared)(type=group desc value=modp1536)(type=lifetype value=sec)(type=lifeduration len=4 value=00015180)))) (ke: key len=192) (nonce: n len=16 data=(da31a7896e2a19582b33...0000001462b01880674b3739630ca7558cec8a89)) (id: idtype=FQDN protoid=0 port=0 len=17 right.paxcoda.com) (vid: len=16) (vid: len=16) (vid: len=16) (vid: len=16) 21:17:31.236720 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto UDP (17), length 456) 192.168.0.11.isakmp > 74.198.87.93.49604: [bad udp cksum 0x649c -> 0xcd2f!] isakmp 1.0 msgid 00000000 cookie da31a7896e2a1958->5b9776d4ea8b61b7: phase 1 R agg: (sa: doi=ipsec situation=identity (p: #1 protoid=isakmp transform=1 (t: #1 id=ike (type=enc value=aes)(type=keylen value=0080)(type=hash value=md5)(type=auth value=preshared)(type=group desc value=modp1536)(type=lifetype value=sec)(type=lifeduration len=4 value=00015180)))) (ke: key len=192) (nonce: n len=16 data=(32ccefcb793afb368975...000000144a131c81070358455c5728f20e95452f)) (id: idtype=FQDN protoid=0 port=0 len=16 left.paxcoda.com) (hash: len=16) (vid: len=16) (pay20) (pay20) (vid: len=16) However, my 3G Gateway (on the right) doesn't respond, and I don't know why. I think left's response is indeed getting through to my gateway, because in another question, I was trying to set up a similar scenario with Main Mode IKE, and in that case it looks as though at least one of the three 2-way main mode exchanges succeeded. What other explanation for the failure is there? (The 3G Gateway I'm using on the right is a Moxa G3150, by the way.)

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• How useful is hard drive encryption?

  - by D Connors

  So, let's say you have a notebook, and you encrypt the entire hard drive. Whenever you boot it's gonna ask for a password, meaning nobody can access your data without the password. On the other hand, what if your notebook got stolen whilst it was in sleep mode? Is there any protection that the encryption can offer? Thanks

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• Cisco ASA: Allowing and Denying VPN Access based on membership to an AD group

  - by milkandtang

  I have a Cisco ASA 5505 connecting to an Active Directory server for VPN authentication. Usually we'd restrict this to a particular OU, but in this case users which need access are spread across multiple OUs. So, I'd like to use a group to specify which users have remote access. I've created the group and added the users, but I'm having trouble figuring out how to deny users which aren't in that group. Right now, if someone connects they get assigned the correct group policy "companynamera" if they are in that group, so the LDAP mapping is working. However, users who are not in that group still authenticate fine, and their group policy becomes the LDAP path of their first group, i.e. CN=Domain Users,CN=Users,DC=example,DC=com, and then are still allowed access. How do I add a filter so that I can map everything that isn't "companynamera" to no access? Config I'm using (with some stuff such as ACLs and mappings removed, since they are just noise here): gateway# show run : Saved : ASA Version 8.2(1) ! hostname gateway domain-name corp.company-name.com enable password gDZcqZ.aUC9ML0jK encrypted passwd gDZcqZ.aUC9ML0jK encrypted names name 192.168.0.2 dc5 description FTP Server name 192.168.0.5 dc2 description Everything server name 192.168.0.6 dc4 description File Server name 192.168.0.7 ts1 description Light Use Terminal Server name 192.168.0.8 ts2 description Heavy Use Terminal Server name 4.4.4.82 primary-frontier name 5.5.5.26 primary-eschelon name 172.21.18.5 dmz1 description Kerio Mail Server and FTP Server name 4.4.4.84 ts-frontier name 4.4.4.85 vpn-frontier name 5.5.5.28 ts-eschelon name 5.5.5.29 vpn-eschelon name 5.5.5.27 email-eschelon name 4.4.4.83 guest-frontier name 4.4.4.86 email-frontier dns-guard ! interface Vlan1 nameif inside security-level 100 ip address 192.168.0.254 255.255.255.0 ! interface Vlan2 description Frontier FiOS nameif outside security-level 0 ip address primary-frontier 255.255.255.0 ! interface Vlan3 description Eschelon T1 nameif backup security-level 0 ip address primary-eschelon 255.255.255.248 ! interface Vlan4 nameif dmz security-level 50 ip address 172.21.18.254 255.255.255.0 ! interface Vlan5 nameif guest security-level 25 ip address 172.21.19.254 255.255.255.0 ! interface Ethernet0/0 switchport access vlan 2 ! interface Ethernet0/1 switchport access vlan 3 ! interface Ethernet0/2 switchport access vlan 4 ! interface Ethernet0/3 switchport access vlan 5 ! interface Ethernet0/4 ! interface Ethernet0/5 ! interface Ethernet0/6 ! interface Ethernet0/7 ! ftp mode passive clock timezone PST -8 clock summer-time PDT recurring dns domain-lookup inside dns server-group DefaultDNS name-server dc2 domain-name corp.company-name.com same-security-traffic permit intra-interface access-list companyname_splitTunnelAcl standard permit 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 access-list companyname_splitTunnelAcl standard permit 172.21.18.0 255.255.255.0 access-list inside_nat0_outbound extended permit ip any 172.21.20.0 255.255.255.0 access-list inside_nat0_outbound extended permit ip any 172.21.18.0 255.255.255.0 access-list bypassingnat_dmz extended permit ip 172.21.18.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 pager lines 24 logging enable logging buffer-size 12288 logging buffered warnings logging asdm notifications mtu inside 1500 mtu outside 1500 mtu backup 1500 mtu dmz 1500 mtu guest 1500 ip local pool VPNpool 172.21.20.50-172.21.20.59 mask 255.255.255.0 no failover icmp unreachable rate-limit 1 burst-size 1 no asdm history enable arp timeout 14400 global (outside) 1 interface global (outside) 2 email-frontier global (outside) 3 guest-frontier global (backup) 1 interface global (dmz) 1 interface nat (inside) 0 access-list inside_nat0_outbound nat (inside) 2 dc5 255.255.255.255 nat (inside) 1 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 nat (dmz) 0 access-list bypassingnat_dmz nat (dmz) 2 dmz1 255.255.255.255 nat (dmz) 1 172.21.18.0 255.255.255.0 access-group outside_access_in in interface outside access-group dmz_access_in in interface dmz route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 4.4.4.1 1 track 1 route backup 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 5.5.5.25 254 timeout xlate 3:00:00 timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 icmp 0:00:02 timeout sunrpc 0:10:00 h323 0:05:00 h225 1:00:00 mgcp 0:05:00 mgcp-pat 0:05:00 timeout sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 sip-invite 0:03:00 sip-disconnect 0:02:00 timeout sip-provisional-media 0:02:00 uauth 0:05:00 absolute timeout tcp-proxy-reassembly 0:01:00 ldap attribute-map RemoteAccessMap map-name memberOf IETF-Radius-Class map-value memberOf CN=RemoteAccess,CN=Users,DC=corp,DC=company-name,DC=com companynamera dynamic-access-policy-record DfltAccessPolicy aaa-server ActiveDirectory protocol ldap aaa-server ActiveDirectory (inside) host dc2 ldap-base-dn dc=corp,dc=company-name,dc=com ldap-scope subtree ldap-login-password * ldap-login-dn cn=administrator,ou=Admins,dc=corp,dc=company-name,dc=com server-type microsoft aaa-server ADRemoteAccess protocol ldap aaa-server ADRemoteAccess (inside) host dc2 ldap-base-dn dc=corp,dc=company-name,dc=com ldap-scope subtree ldap-login-password * ldap-login-dn cn=administrator,ou=Admins,dc=corp,dc=company-name,dc=com server-type microsoft ldap-attribute-map RemoteAccessMap aaa authentication enable console LOCAL aaa authentication ssh console LOCAL http server enable http 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 inside no snmp-server location no snmp-server contact snmp-server enable traps snmp authentication linkup linkdown coldstart sla monitor 123 type echo protocol ipIcmpEcho 4.4.4.1 interface outside num-packets 3 frequency 10 sla monitor schedule 123 life forever start-time now crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA esp-3des esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec security-association lifetime seconds 28800 crypto ipsec security-association lifetime kilobytes 4608000 crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 20 set pfs crypto dynamic-map outside_dyn_map 20 set transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA crypto map outside_map 65535 ipsec-isakmp dynamic outside_dyn_map crypto map outside_map interface outside crypto isakmp enable outside crypto isakmp policy 10 authentication pre-share encryption 3des hash sha group 2 lifetime 86400 ! track 1 rtr 123 reachability telnet timeout 5 ssh 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 inside ssh timeout 5 ssh version 2 console timeout 0 management-access inside dhcpd auto_config outside ! threat-detection basic-threat threat-detection statistics access-list no threat-detection statistics tcp-intercept webvpn group-policy companynamera internal group-policy companynamera attributes wins-server value 192.168.0.5 dns-server value 192.168.0.5 vpn-tunnel-protocol IPSec password-storage enable split-tunnel-policy tunnelspecified split-tunnel-network-list value companyname_splitTunnelAcl default-domain value corp.company-name.com split-dns value corp.company-name.com group-policy companyname internal group-policy companyname attributes wins-server value 192.168.0.5 dns-server value 192.168.0.5 vpn-tunnel-protocol IPSec password-storage enable split-tunnel-policy tunnelspecified split-tunnel-network-list value companyname_splitTunnelAcl default-domain value corp.company-name.com split-dns value corp.company-name.com username admin password IhpSqtN210ZsNaH. encrypted privilege 15 tunnel-group companyname type remote-access tunnel-group companyname general-attributes address-pool VPNpool authentication-server-group ActiveDirectory LOCAL default-group-policy companyname tunnel-group companyname ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * tunnel-group companynamera type remote-access tunnel-group companynamera general-attributes address-pool VPNpool authentication-server-group ADRemoteAccess LOCAL default-group-policy companynamera tunnel-group companynamera ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * ! class-map type inspect ftp match-all ftp-inspection-map class-map inspection_default match default-inspection-traffic ! ! policy-map type inspect ftp ftp-inspection-map parameters class ftp-inspection-map policy-map type inspect dns migrated_dns_map_1 parameters message-length maximum 512 policy-map global_policy class inspection_default inspect dns migrated_dns_map_1 inspect ftp inspect h323 h225 inspect h323 ras inspect http inspect ils inspect netbios inspect rsh inspect rtsp inspect skinny inspect sqlnet inspect sunrpc inspect tftp inspect sip inspect xdmcp inspect icmp inspect icmp error inspect esmtp inspect pptp ! service-policy global_policy global prompt hostname context Cryptochecksum:487525494a81c8176046fec475d17efe : end gateway# Thanks so much!

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• How do I repair the corrupted files found by sfc /scannow? "Windows Resource Protection found corrupt files but was unable to fix some of them."

  - by galacticninja

  After running chkdsk C: /F /R and finding out that my hard disk has 24 KB in bad sectors (log is posted below), I decided to run Windows 7's System File Checker utility (sfc /scannow). SFC showed the ff. message after I ran it: "Windows Resource Protection found corrupt files but was unable to fix some of them. Details are included in the CBS.Log windir\Logs\CBS\CBS.log." Since the CBS.log file is too large, I ran findstr /c:"[SR]" %windir%\Logs\CBS\CBS.log >"%userprofile%\Desktop\sfcdetails.txt" (as per Microsoft's KB 928228 article) to only get the log text pertaining to the corrupt files. (log is also posted below) How do I troubleshoot and repair the corrupted files mentioned by sfc /scannow? My OS is Windows 7, 64-bit. chkdsk log Checking file system on C: The type of the file system is NTFS. A disk check has been scheduled. Windows will now check the disk. CHKDSK is verifying files (stage 1 of 5)... 936192 file records processed. File verification completed. 25238 large file records processed. 0 bad file records processed. 4 EA records processed. 44 reparse records processed. CHKDSK is verifying indexes (stage 2 of 5)... 1051640 index entries processed. Index verification completed. 0 unindexed files scanned. 0 unindexed files recovered. CHKDSK is verifying security descriptors (stage 3 of 5)... 936192 file SDs/SIDs processed. Cleaning up 24 unused index entries from index $SII of file 0x9. Cleaning up 24 unused index entries from index $SDH of file 0x9. Cleaning up 24 unused security descriptors. Security descriptor verification completed. 57725 data files processed. CHKDSK is verifying Usn Journal... 36994248 USN bytes processed. Usn Journal verification completed. CHKDSK is verifying file data (stage 4 of 5)... 936176 files processed. File data verification completed. CHKDSK is verifying free space (stage 5 of 5)... 306238 free clusters processed. Free space verification is complete. Adding 1 bad clusters to the Bad Clusters File. Correcting errors in the Volume Bitmap. Windows has made corrections to the file system. 488282111 KB total disk space. 485595420 KB in 766458 files. 401856 KB in 57726 indexes. 24 KB in bad sectors. 1059863 KB in use by the system. 65536 KB occupied by the log file. 1224948 KB available on disk. 4096 bytes in each allocation unit. 122070527 total allocation units on disk. 306237 allocation units available on disk. Internal Info: 00 49 0e 00 81 93 0c 00 34 01 17 00 00 00 00 00 .I......4....... 6b 29 00 00 2c 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 k)..,........... 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ sfc /scannow log (through findstr /c:"[SR]" %windir%\Logs\CBS\CBS.log >"%userprofile%\Desktop\sfcdetails.txt") Note: The full log is at http://pastebin.com/raw.php?i=gTEGZmWj . I've only quoted parts of the full log below (mostly from the last part), as the full log won't fit within the character limit for questions. I've added it to serve as a preview. ... 2013-12-28 19:37:50, Info CSI00000542 [SR] Beginning Verify and Repair transaction 2013-12-28 19:37:55, Info CSI00000544 [SR] Verify complete 2013-12-28 19:37:56, Info CSI00000545 [SR] Verifying 95 (0x000000000000005f) components 2013-12-28 19:37:56, Info CSI00000546 [SR] Beginning Verify and Repair transaction 2013-12-28 19:38:03, Info CSI00000548 [SR] Verify complete 2013-12-28 19:38:03, Info CSI00000549 [SR] Repairing 43 (0x000000000000002b) components 2013-12-28 19:38:03, Info CSI0000054a [SR] Beginning Verify and Repair transaction ... 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI00000730 [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:62{31}]"GroupPolicy-Admin-Gpedit-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI00000733 [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:30{15}]"frs-core-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI00000736 [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:26{13}]"gpmgmt-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI00000739 [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:74{37}]"MediaServer-ASPAdmin-Migration-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI0000073c [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:36{18}]"Ldap-Client-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI0000073f [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:38{19}]"iSNS_Service-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI00000742 [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:76{38}]"MediaServer-Multicast-Migration-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI00000745 [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:78{39}]"Kerberos-Key-Distribution-Center-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI00000748 [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:86{43}]"GroupPolicy-CSE-SoftwareInstallation-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI0000074b [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:28{14}]"ieframe-dl.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI0000074e [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:76{38}]"GroupPolicy-Admin-Gpedit-Snapin-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI00000751 [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:32{16}]"IPSec-Svc-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI00000754 [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:22{11}]"HTTP-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI00000757 [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:56{28}]"MediaServer-Migration-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI0000075a [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:26{13}]"GPBase-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI0000075d [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:38{19}]"IasMigPlugin-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:15, Info CSI00000760 [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:84{42}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\migwiz\dlmanifests"\[l:50{25}]"International-Core-DL.man"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI00000762 [SR] Cannot repair member file [l:24{12}]"wbemdisp.dll" of Microsoft-Windows-WMI-Scripting, Version = 6.1.7600.16385, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL (0), Culture neutral, VersionScope = 1 nonSxS, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:31bf3856ad364e35}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, hash mismatch 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI00000763 [SR] This component was referenced by [l:202{101}]"Microsoft-Windows-Foundation-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.1.7601.17514.WindowsFoundationDelivery" 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI00000766 [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:58{29},l:56{28}]"\??\C:\Windows\SysWOW64\wbem"\[l:24{12}]"wbemdisp.dll"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI00000768 [SR] Cannot repair member file [l:56{28}]"Microsoft.MediaCenter.UI.dll" of Microsoft.MediaCenter.UI, Version = 6.1.7601.17514, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_MSIL (8), Culture neutral, VersionScope = 1 nonSxS, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:31bf3856ad364e35}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, hash mismatch 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI00000769 [SR] This component was referenced by [l:176{88}]"Microsoft-Windows-MediaCenter-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.1.7601.17514.MediaCenter" 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI0000076c [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:40{20}]"\??\C:\Windows\ehome"\[l:56{28}]"Microsoft.MediaCenter.UI.dll"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI0000076e [SR] Cannot repair member file [l:24{12}]"ReAgentc.exe" of Microsoft-Windows-WinRE-RecoveryTools, Version = 6.1.7601.17514, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL (0), Culture neutral, VersionScope = 1 nonSxS, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:31bf3856ad364e35}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, hash mismatch 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI0000076f [SR] This component was referenced by [l:202{101}]"Microsoft-Windows-Foundation-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.1.7601.17514.WindowsFoundationDelivery" 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI00000772 [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:48{24},l:46{23}]"\??\C:\Windows\SysWOW64"\[l:24{12}]"ReAgentc.exe"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI00000774 [SR] Cannot repair member file [l:82{41}]"System.Management.Automation.dll-Help.xml" of Microsoft-Windows-PowerShell-PreLoc.Resources, Version = 6.1.7600.16385, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_AMD64 (9), Culture = [l:10{5}]"en-US", VersionScope = 1 nonSxS, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:31bf3856ad364e35}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, hash mismatch 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI00000775 [SR] This component was referenced by [l:266{133}]"Microsoft-Windows-Client-Features-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~en-US~6.1.7601.17514.Microsoft-Windows-Client-Features-Language-Pack" 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI00000778 [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:520{260},l:104{52}]"\??\C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\en-US"\[l:82{41}]"System.Management.Automation.dll-Help.xml"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI0000077a [SR] Cannot repair member file [l:18{9}]"hlink.dll" of Microsoft-Windows-HLink, Version = 6.1.7600.16385, pA = PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL (0), Culture neutral, VersionScope = 1 nonSxS, PublicKeyToken = {l:8 b:31bf3856ad364e35}, Type neutral, TypeName neutral, PublicKey neutral in the store, hash mismatch 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI0000077b [SR] This component was referenced by [l:202{101}]"Microsoft-Windows-Foundation-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.1.7601.17514.WindowsFoundationDelivery" 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI0000077e [SR] Could not reproject corrupted file [ml:48{24},l:46{23}]"\??\C:\Windows\SysWOW64"\[l:18{9}]"hlink.dll"; source file in store is also corrupted 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI00000780 [SR] Repair complete 2013-12-28 19:38:16, Info CSI00000781 [SR] Committing transaction 2013-12-28 19:38:19, Info CSI00000785 [SR] Verify and Repair Transaction completed. All files and registry keys listed in this transaction have been successfully repaired

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• Why can't I use SSL certs imported via Server Admin in a custom Apache install?

  - by morgant

  I've got a couple of Mac OS X 10.6.8 Server web servers that run a custom AMP255 (Apache 2.x, MySQL 5.x, and PHP 5.x) stack installed using MacPorts. We've got a lot of Mac OS X Server servers and generally install SSL certs via Server Admin and they "just work" in the built-in services, however, these web servers have always had SSL certs installed in a non-standard location and used only for Apache. Long story short, we're trying to standardize this part of our administration and install certs via Server Admin, but have run into the following issue: when the certs are installed via Server Admin and referenced in our Apache conf files, Apache then prompts for a password upon trying to start. It does not seem to be any password we know, certainly not the admin or keychain passwords! We've added the _www user to the certusers (mainly just to ensure they have the proper access to the private key in /etc/certificates/). So, with the custom installed certs we have the following files (basically just pasted in from the company we purchase our certs from): -rw-r--r-- 1 root admin 1395 Apr 10 11:22 *.domain.tld.ca -rw-r--r-- 1 root admin 1656 Apr 10 11:21 *.domain.tld.cert -rw-r--r-- 1 root admin 1680 Apr 10 11:22 *.domain.tld.key And the following in the VirtualHost in /opt/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf: SSLCertificateFile /path/to/certs/*.domain.tld.cert SSLCertificateKeyFile /path/to/certs/*.domain.tld.key SSLCACertificateFile /path/to/certs/*.domain.tld.ca This setup functions normally. If we use the certs installed via Server Admin, which both Server Admin & Keychain Assistant show as valid, they're installed in /etc/certificates/ as follows: -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 1655 Apr 9 13:44 *.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.cert.pem -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 4266 Apr 9 13:44 *.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.chain.pem -rw-r----- 1 root certusers 3406 Apr 9 13:44 *.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.concat.pem -rw-r----- 1 root certusers 1751 Apr 9 13:44 *.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.key.pem And if we replace the aforementioned lines in our httpd-ssl.conf with the following: SSLCertificateFile /etc/certificates/*.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.cert.pem SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/certificates/*.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.key.pem SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/certificates/*.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.chain.pem This prompts for the unknown password. I have also tried httpd-ssl.conf configured as follows: SSLCertificateFile /etc/certificates/*.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.cert.pem SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/certificates/*.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.key.pem SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/certificates/*.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.concat.pem And as: SSLCertificateFile /etc/certificates/*.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.cert.pem SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/certificates/*.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.key.pem SSLCACertificateFile /etc/certificates/*.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.chain.pem We've verified that the certificate is configured to allow all applications access it (in Keychain Assistant). A diff of the /etc/certificates/*.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.key.pem & *.domain.tld.key files shows the former is encrypted and the latter is not, so we're assuming that Server Admin/Keychain Assistant is encrypting them for some reason. I know I can create an unencrypted key file as follows: sudo openssl rsa -in /etc/certificates/*.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.key.pem -out /etc/certificates/*.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.key.no_password.pem But, I can't do that without entering the password. I thought maybe I could export an unencrypted copy of the key from Keychain Admin, but I'm not seeing such an option (not to mention that the .pem options are greyed out in all export options). Any assistance would be greatly appreciated.

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• rsync + Permission denied

  - by Diana

  I want to copy the some_file using rsync to my machine (red hat 5.3) from other linux server also (red hat 5.3) Is it possible to copy the file without to get "Permission denied." ? Remark - the login and password on 130.146.120.11 machine is: login=root password=moon rsync -WavH --progress 130.146.120.11:/tmp/some_file . Permission denied. rsync: connection unexpectedly closed (0 bytes read so far) rsync error: error in rsync protocol data stream (code 12) at io.c(165)

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• Enable passwordless access to MySQL

  - by meyosef

  How can I delete my password for MySQL? I dont want to have a password to connect to the database. My server is running Ubuntu.

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• [Openfiler] How to create new ftp users?

  - by chrisling106

  Hi there, There's only a default ftp user assigned in openfiler ftp service - openfiler/password. I've been pulling my hairs out for trying to add users to the ftp server but without any luck. I have turned on the local LDAP server within Openfiler and add users there and still no luck. It's for production, so at the end of the day I might have to stick with the default user 'openfiler' and just change its password! Any helps appreciated.

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• Disallow user from decrypting the startup disk

  - by Blacklight Shining

  When you enable FileVault's full-disk encryption, it asks for the password of each account on the system to allow every user to decrypt the disk. You can simply choose not to have a user enter their password, and they will not be able to decrypt the disk. However, if you create an account after enabling disk encryption, the user is automatically allowed to decrypt the disk. How do I disallow a user from decrypting the startup disk?

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• Ho to log on MySQL on CentOS 6.3 using root account from the domain and not localhost?

  - by Ziouas

  I don't know if I'll make the issue clear, but I've installed MySQL on CentOS 6.3 using root account on a specific domain (f.ex. root@mydomain), but when i try to log on to it I'm being asked for password to root@localhost account, which I do not have access to. How can I log on to MySQL installed on 'mydomain' and not to 'localhost'? I've tried editing my.cnf using bind-address='domain_ip', but it didn't help, it still wanted localhost password.

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• reiserfsck --rebuild-tree failed: Not enough allocable blocks

  - by mojo

  I have a reiserfs volume that required a --rebuild-tree, but is currently failing to complete when I pass it --rebuild-tree. Here is the output that I receive when running it: reiserfsck 3.6.19 (2003 www.namesys.com) # reiserfsck --rebuild-tree started at Mon Oct 26 13:22:16 2009 # Pass 0: # Pass 0 The whole partition (7864320 blocks) is to be scanned Skipping 8450 blocks (super block, journal, bitmaps) 7855870 blocks will be read 0%....20%....40%....60%....80%....100% left 0, 9408 /sec 287884 directory entries were hashed with "r5" hash. "r5" hash is selected Flushing..finished Read blocks (but not data blocks) 7855870 Leaves among those 6105606 Objectids found 287892 Pass 1 (will try to insert 6105606 leaves): # Pass 1 Looking for allocable blocks .. finished 0%....20%....40%....60%....80%....Not enough allocable blocks, checking bitmap...there are 1 allocable blocks, btw out of disk space Aborted I can't mount it, and I can't fsck it. I've tried extending the volume, but that hasn't helped either.

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• Let apache run a command as another user

  - by vise

  I have a web application that runs a program which needs X. I'm using xvfb to launch it; I want to run it as another user. I could probably do sudo -u username -p password my command. However, I'm not feeling too good about storing the users password in plain text. Is there a "smarter" way of doing this?

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• Postfix multiple checks

  - by xBlue

  I want to achieve the following with Postfix: Run all emails through a black list Allow any clients sending to a list of domains Allow some clients sending to any domain This is what I have: (postfix is on 10.0.8.0 and some of the senders are 10.0.8.0 and 10.0.9.0) mynetworks_style = subnet smtpd_recipient_restrictions = check_recipient_access sqlite:/etc/postfix/access-bl.query, check_client_access hash:/etc/postfix/trusted_clients, check_recipie nt_access hash:/etc/postfix/local_domains, reject_unauth_destination, permit So, right now the black list works. File /etc/postfix/trusted_clients contains who can send anywhere (3), file /etc/postfix/local_domains contains where you can send (2). Those two are fine, they return properly. My problem is getting all three working together. Not sure if it's an ordering issue. Currently sending a test from 10.0.9.17 and I get Relay access denied. If I add: mynetworks = 10.0.8.0/24 10.0.9.0/24 then anyone can send anywhere, so #2 is not working. Postfix version is 2.10 on Ubuntu 14.04. Any ideas?

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