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  • OOP private method parameters coding style

    - by Jake
    After coding for many years as a solo programmer, I have come to feel that most of the time there are many benefits to write private member functions with all of the used member variables included in the parameter list, especially development stage. This allow me to check at one look what member variables are used and also allow me to supply other values for tests and debugging. Also, a change in code by removing a particular member variable can break many functions. In this case however, the private function remains isolated am I can still call it using other values without fixing the function. Is this a bad idea afterall, especially in a team environment? Is it like redundant or confusing, or are there better ways?

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  • Live Webcast: Private Cloud Database Consolidation with Oracle Exadata

    - by kimberly.billings
    Thursday, January 20th, 2011 at 9:00 am PT In this webcast, you'll learn how Oracle Exadata, Oracle Database 11g, and Oracle Real Application Clusters enable you to consolidate multiple applications on clustered server and storage pools to achieve extreme performance and lower your IT costs. You'll also learn how to maximize the efficiencies of private clouds, including: • Multitenancy • Rapid provisioning • Pay-for-use infrastructure Join us for this live Webcast and discover how Oracle Exadata delivers key cloud capabilities, providing elastic database services that can be quickly provisioned on demand. Register today! To learn more about how customers are consolidating on private clouds with Exadata, watch this video about how Commonwealth Bank of Australia consolidated multiple database services, including OLTP applications such as PeopleSoft Financials, onto an Exadata platform for improved performance and resilience and faster time-to-market.

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  • NHibernate Pitfalls: Private Setter on Id Property

    - by Ricardo Peres
    Having a private setter on an entity’s id property may seem tempting: in most cases, unless you are using id generators assigned or foreign, you never have to set its value directly. However, keep this in mind: If your entity is lazy and you want to prevent people from setting its value, make the setter protected instead of private, because it will need to be accessed from subclasses of your entity (generated by NHibernate); If you use stateless sessions, you can perform some operations which, on regular sessions, require you to load an entity, without doing so, for example: 1: using (IStatelessSession session = factory.OpenStatelessSession()) 2: { 3: //delete without first loading 4: session.Delete(new Customer { Id = 1 }); 5:  6: //insert without first loading 7: session.Insert(new Order { Customer = new Customer { Id = 1 }, Product = new Product { Id = 1 } }); 8:  9: //update without first loading 10: session.Update(new Order{ Id = 1, Product = new Product{ Id = 2 }}) 11: }

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  • Delete duplicate records from a SQL table without a primary key

    - by Shyju
    I have the below table with the below records in it create table employee ( EmpId number, EmpName varchar2(10), EmpSSN varchar2(11) ); insert into employee values(1, 'Jack', '555-55-5555'); insert into employee values (2, 'Joe', '555-56-5555'); insert into employee values (3, 'Fred', '555-57-5555'); insert into employee values (4, 'Mike', '555-58-5555'); insert into employee values (5, 'Cathy', '555-59-5555'); insert into employee values (6, 'Lisa', '555-70-5555'); insert into employee values (1, 'Jack', '555-55-5555'); insert into employee values (4, 'Mike', '555-58-5555'); insert into employee values (5, 'Cathy', '555-59-5555'); insert into employee values (6 ,'Lisa', '555-70-5555'); insert into employee values (5, 'Cathy', '555-59-5555'); insert into employee values (6, 'Lisa', '555-70-5555'); I dont have any primary key in this table .But i have the above records in my table already. I want to remove the duplicate records which has the same value in EmpId and EmpSSN fields. Ex : Emp id 5 Can any one help me to frame a query to delete those duplicate records Thanks in advance

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  • SSH public key authentication -- always require users to generate their own keypair?

    - by schinazi
    I was working with a partner today that I needed to upload files to my server using scp. I have passwords turned off in the server's SSH configuration, so I wanted them to use public key authentication. I generated the keypair for them on the server and gave them the private key and put the public key in the appropriate authorized_keys file. After a bunch of problems with them setting up their job, they finally got a more experienced sysadmin involved on their end, and he scolded me for handling the key generation this way. He said that by giving them a private key generated on my system, I had enabled them to do a brute-force attack against other keys generated on the same server. I even asked him "so if I have an account on a server, and I can log in with a password but I want to automate something and I generate a keypair on that system, does that then give me an attack vector for brute forcing other users' keys?" and he said yes. I've never heard of this, is it true? Can anyone point me to a discussion of this attack? Thanks in advance.

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  • Debugging Key-Value-Observing overflow.

    - by Paperflyer
    I wrote an audio player. Recently I started refactored some of the communication flow to make it fully MVC-compliant. Now it crashes, which in itself is not surprising. However, it crashes after a few seconds inside the Cocoa key-value-observing routines with a HUGE stack trace of recursive calls to NSKeyValueNotifyObserver. Obviously, it is recursively observing a value and thus overflowing the NSArray that holds pending notifications. According to the stack trace, the program loops from observeValueForKeyPath to setMyValue and back. Here is the according code: - (void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath ofObject:(id)object change:(NSDictionary *)change context:(void *)context { if ([keyPath isEqual:@"myValue"] && object == myModel && [self myValue] != [myModel myValue]) { [self setMyValue:[myModel myValue]; } } and - (void)setMyValue:(float)value { myValue = value; [myModel setMyValue:value]; } myModel changes myValue every 0.05 seconds and if I log the calls to these two functions, they get called only every 0.05 seconds just as they should be, so this is working properly. The stack trace looks like this: -[MyDocument observeValueForKeyPath:ofObject:change:context:] NSKeyValueNotifyObserver NSKeyValueDidChange -[NSObject(NSKeyValueObserverNotification) didChangeValueForKey:] -[MyDocument setMyValue:] _NSSetFloatValueAndNotify …repeated some ~8k times until crash Do you have any idea why I could still be spamming the KVO queue?

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  • jQuery Autocomplete problem - Shift Key behaves same as Return Key

    - by user237005
    See: http://www.airbnb.com/ In the search bar, start typing "san f" (no quotes, all lowercase), then hit Return (or Enter). "San Francisco" is autocompleted. This is good! Now clear the search field and start over. type "San F" and boom - "San Francisco" is autocompleted as soon as you hit Shift. This is not expected. This happens in FF & Safari, but is untested elsewhere. I've looked through the jQuery Autocomplete Source Code and everything looks normal. Has anyone experienced this before?

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  • NHibernate update using composite key

    - by Mahesh
    Hi, I have a table defnition as given below: License ClientId Type Total Used ClientId and Type together uniquely identifies a row. I have a mapping file as given below: <hibernate-mapping xmlns="urn:nhibernate-mapping-2.2" auto-import="true"> <class name="Acumen.AAM.Domain.Model.License, Acumen.AAM.Domain" lazy="false" table="License"> <id name="ClientId" access="field" column="ClientID" /> <property name="Total" access="field" column="Total"/> <property name="Used" access="field" column="Used"/> <property name="Type" access="field" column="Type"/> </class> </hibernate-mapping> If a client used a license to create a user, I need to update the Used column in the table. As I set ClientId as the id column for this table, I am getting TooManyRowsAffectedException. could you please let me know how to set a composite key at mapping level so that NHibernate can udpate based on ClientId and Type. Something like: Update License SET Used=Used-1 WHERE ClientId='xxx' AND Type=1 Please help. Thanks, Mahesh

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  • Passing Key-Value pair to a COM method in C#

    - by Sinnerman
    Hello, I have the following problem: I have a project in C# .Net where I use a third party COM component. So the problem is that the above component has a method, which takes a string and a number of key-value pairs as arguments. I already managed to call that method through JavaScript like that: var srcName srcName = top.cadView.addSource( 'Database', { driver : 'Oracle', host : '10.10.1.123', port : 1234, database : 'someSID', user : 'someuser', password : 'somepass' } ) if ( srcName != '' ) { ... } ... and it worked perfectly well. However I have no idea how to do the same using C#. I tried passing the pairs as Dictionary and Struct/Class but it throws me a "Specified cast is not valid." exception. I also tried using Hashtable like that: Hashtable args = new Hashtable(); args.Add("driver", "Oracle"); args.Add("host", "10.10.1.123"); args.Add("port", 1234); args.Add("database", "someSID"); args.Add("user", "someUser"); args.Add("password", "samePass"); String srcName = axCVCanvas.addSource("Database", args); and although it doesn't throw an exception it still won't do the job, writing me in a log file [ Error] [14:38:33.281] Cad::SourceDB::SourceDB(): missing parameter 'driver' Any help will be appreciated, thanks.

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  • How do I upgrade Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard (OEM Key) to Enterprise (MSDN Key) using DISM?

    - by Tom Crane
    (Originally asked as After upgrading to 2008 R2 Enterprise and installing more RAM, Windows can only see 4.00 GB but now I know what the question really is...) My Dell server came preinstalled with 2008 R2 Standard. I upgraded to Enterprise to take advantage of more than 32GB RAM. This server is purely for dev and testing, so I want to use my MSDN product key for the upgrade. I originally tried to uprade using the MSDN Enterprise key, but it wouldn't have it: dism /online /Set-Edition:ServerEnterprise /ProductKey:[MSDN key] => Error DISM DISM Transmog Provider: PID=5728 Product key is keyed to [], but user requested transmog to [ServerEnterprise] - CTransmogManager::ValidateTransmogrify I tried several things, including changing the current product key to the MSDN one. Eventually I used a KMS generic key which can be found in several technet forum posts. dism /online /Set-Edition:ServerEnterprise /ProductKey:[KMS Generic Key] ... and this appeared to work. I then changed the product key again (using the control panel) to the MSDN key, thinking that was the end of the matter. Only later when tried to start up VMs did I realise I only had 4GB of usable RAM. I didn't make the connection with the licensing changes at this point and went off on a wild goose chase of BIOS settings, memory configurations and the like. Only later when I saw this... http://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en/winserverTS/thread/6debc586-0977-4731-b418-ca1edb34fe8b ...did I make the connection and reapply the KMS Generic key - which gave me all the RAM back. But now I have a system that isn't properly licensed, presumably I won't be able to activate it as it is, so I've got 2 days to enjoy it. With the MSDN key applied, only 4GB RAM is usable. Is there a way round this without a) rebuilding the server from scratch with the MSDN key from the start or b) buying a retail Enterprise license

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  • How to add on key down and on key up event in java script

    - by Ramesh
    Hello , I am creating an live search for my blog..i got this from w3 schools and i need to add on keyboard up,down mouse up and down event ... <html> <head> <script type="text/javascript"> function showResult(str) { if (str.length==0) { document.getElementById("livesearch").innerHTML=""; document.getElementById("livesearch").style.border="0px"; return; } if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {// code for IE7+, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Safari xmlhttp=new XMLHttpRequest(); } else {// code for IE6, IE5 xmlhttp=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); } xmlhttp.onreadystatechange=function() { if (xmlhttp.readyState==4 && xmlhttp.status==200) { document.getElementById("livesearch").innerHTML=xmlhttp.responseText; document.getElementById("livesearch").style.border="1px solid #A5ACB2"; } } xmlhttp.open("GET","livesearch.php?q="+str,true); xmlhttp.send(); } </script> </head> <body> <form> <input type="text" size="30" onkeyup="showResult(this.value)" /> <div id="livesearch"></div> </form> </body> </html>

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  • Is it ok to share private key file between multiple computers/services?

    - by Behrang
    So we all know how to use public key/private keys using SSH, etc. But what's the best way to use/reuse them? Should I keep them in a safe place forever? I mean, I needed a pair of keys for accessing GitHub. I created a pair from scratch and used that for some time to access GitHub. Then I formatted my HDD and lost that pair. Big deal, I created a new pair and configured GitHub to use my new pair. Or is it something that I don't want to lose? I also needed a pair of public key/private keys to access our company systems. Our admin asked me for my public key and I generated a new pair and gave it to him. Is it generally better to create a new pair for access to different systems or is it better to have one pair and reuse it to access different systems? Similarly, is it better to create two different pairs and use one to access our companies systems from home and the other one to access the systems from work, or is it better to just have one pair and use it from both places?

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  • MySQL query against pseudo-key-value pair data in WordPress custom query

    - by andrevr
    I'm writing a custom WordPress query to use some of the data which the Woothemes Diarise theme creates. Diarise is an event planner theme with calendar blah, blah... and uses custom fields to store the event start and end dates in WP custom fields in the *wp_postmeta* table, which implements a key-value store. So for each post in the "event" category, there are 2 records in *wp_postmeta*, named *event_start_date* and *event_end_date* that I'm interested in. The task is to compare a tourist's arrival and departure dates with the start and end dates of events, yielding a what's on list of events available. We thought we'd killed it with a grand flash of logic, that goes like this: Disregard any event that ends before the tourist arrives, and any that begin after the departure date. I wrote this query: SELECT wposts.* FROM wp_posts wposts LEFT JOIN wp_postmeta wpostmeta ON wposts.ID = wpostmeta.post_id LEFT JOIN wp_term_relationships ON (wposts.ID = wp_term_relationships.object_id) LEFT JOIN wp_term_taxonomy ON (wp_term_relationships.term_taxonomy_id = wp_term_taxonomy.term_taxonomy_id) WHERE wp_term_taxonomy.taxonomy = 'category' AND wp_term_taxonomy.term_id IN(3,4) AND ( wpostmeta.meta_key = 'event_start_date' AND NOT ( concat(subst(wpostmeta.meta_value,7,4),'-',subst(wpostmeta.meta_value,4,2),'-',subst(wpostmeta.meta_value,1,2) > '2010-07-31' ) ) AND ( wpostmeta.meta_key = 'event_end_date' AND NOT ( concat(subst(wpostmeta.meta_value,7,4),'-',subst(wpostmeta.meta_value,4,2),'-',subst(wpostmeta.meta_value,1,2) < '2010-05-01' ) ) ) ORDER BY wpostmeta.meta_value ASC And, of course it returns no records. The problem I believe is in the dual reference to wpostmeta.meta_key, but how to get around that?

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  • Using an unencoded key vs a real Key, benefits?

    - by user246114
    Hi, I am reading the docs for Key generation in app engine. I'm not sure what effect using a simple String key has over a real Key. For example, when my users sign up, they must supply a unique username: class User { /** Key type = unencoded string. */ @PrimaryKey private String name; } now if I understand the docs correctly, I should still be able to generate named keys and entity groups using this, right?: // Find an instance of this entity: User user = pm.findObjectById(User.class, "myusername"); // Create a new obj and put it in same entity group: Key key = new KeyFactory.Builder( User.class.getSimpleName(), "myusername") .addChild(Goat.class.getSimpleName(), "baa").getKey(); Goat goat = new Goat(); goat.setKey(key); pm.makePersistent(goat); the Goat instance should now be in the same entity group as that User, right? I mean there's no problem with leaving the User's primary key as just the raw String? Is there a performance benefit to using a Key though? Should I update to: class User { /** Key type = unencoded string. */ @PrimaryKey private Key key; } // Generate like: Key key = KeyFactory.createKey( User.class.getSimpleName(), "myusername"); user.setKey(key); it's almost the same thing, I'd still just be generating the Key using the unique username anyway, Thanks

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  • Android - Key Dispatching Timed Out

    - by Donal Rafferty
    In my Android application I am getting a very strange crash, when I press a button (Image) on my UI the entire application freezes and after a couple of seconds I getthe dreaded force close dialog appearing. Here is what gets printed in the log: WARN/WindowManager(88): Key dispatching timed out sending to package name/Activity WARN/WindowManager(88): Dispatch state: {{KeyEvent{action=1 code=5 repeat=0 meta=0 scancode=231 mFlags=8} to Window{432bafa0 com.android.launcher/com.android.launcher.Launcher paused=false} @ 1281611789339 lw=Window{432bafa0 com.android.launcher/com.android.launcher.Launcher paused=false} lb=android.os.BinderProxy@431ee8e8 fin=false gfw=true ed=true tts=0 wf=false fp=false mcf=Window{4335fc58 package name/Activity paused=false}}} WARN/WindowManager(88): Current state: {{null to Window{4335fc58 package name/Activity paused=false} @ 1281611821193 lw=Window{4335fc58 package name/Activity paused=false} lb=android.os.BinderProxy@434c9bd0 fin=false gfw=true ed=true tts=0 wf=false fp=false mcf=Window{4335fc58 package name/Activity paused=false}}} INFO/ActivityManager(88): ANR in process: package name (last in package name) INFO/ActivityManager(88): Annotation: keyDispatchingTimedOut INFO/ActivityManager(88): CPU usage: INFO/ActivityManager(88): Load: 5.18 / 5.1 / 4.75 INFO/ActivityManager(88): CPU usage from 7373ms to 1195ms ago: INFO/ActivityManager(88): package name: 6% = 1% user + 5% kernel / faults: 7 minor INFO/ActivityManager(88): system_server: 5% = 4% user + 1% kernel / faults: 27 minor INFO/ActivityManager(88): tiwlan_wifi_wq: 3% = 0% user + 3% kernel INFO/ActivityManager(88): mediaserver: 0% = 0% user + 0% kernel INFO/ActivityManager(88): logcat: 0% = 0% user + 0% kernel INFO/ActivityManager(88): TOTAL: 12% = 5% user + 6% kernel + 0% softirq INFO/ActivityManager(88): Removing old ANR trace file from /data/anr/traces.txt INFO/Process(88): Sending signal. PID: 1812 SIG: 3 INFO/dalvikvm(1812): threadid=7: reacting to signal 3 INFO/dalvikvm(1812): Wrote stack trace to '/data/anr/traces.txt' This is the code for the Button (Image): findViewById(R.id.endcallimage).setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v) { mNotificationManager.cancel(2); Log.d("Handler", "Endcallimage pressed"); if(callConnected) elapsedTimeBeforePause = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - stopWatch.getBase(); try { serviceBinder.endCall(lineId); } catch (RemoteException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } dispatchKeyEvent(new KeyEvent(KeyEvent.ACTION_DOWN,KeyEvent.FLAG_SOFT_KEYBOARD)); dispatchKeyEvent(new KeyEvent(KeyEvent.ACTION_UP, KeyEvent.KEYCODE_BACK)); } }); If I comment the following out the pressing of the button (image) doesn't cause the crash: try { serviceBinder.endCall(lineId); } catch (RemoteException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } The above code calls down through several levels of the app and into the native layer (NDK), could the call passing through several objects be leading to the force close? It seems unlikely as several other buttons do the same without issue. How about the native layer? Could some code I've built with the NDK be causing the issue? Any other ideas as to what the cause of the issue might be?

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  • OCR an RSA key fob (security token)

    - by user130582
    I put together a quick WinForm/embedded IE browser control which logs into our company's bank website each morning and scrapes/exports the desired deposit information (the bank is a smallish regional bank). Since we have a few dozen "pseudoaccounts" that draw from the same master account, this actually takes 10-15 minutes to retrieve. Anyway, the only problem is that our business bank account reuires an RSA security token (http://www.rsa.com/node.aspx?id=1156)--if you are not familiar, it is a small device which shows a random 6 digit number every 15(?) seconds, so I have to prompt for this value before starting. This is on top of the website's login based security model, so even if you create a read-only account that can't do anything, you still have to put the RSA number in. We have 5 of these tokens for different people in the company. From our perspective this is nusiance security. I was joking about using a web camera to OCR the digits from the key fob so they didn't have to type it in -- mainly so that the scraping/export would be done before anyone arrives in the morning. Well, they asked if I could really do it. So now I ask you, how hard (how many hours) do you think it would take to OCR these digits reliably from a JPEG image produced by the camera? I already know I can get the JPEG easily. I think you get 3 tries to log in, so it really needs to hit a 99% accuracy rate. I could work on this on my off time, but they don't want me to put more than a few hours into it, so I want to leverage as much existing code as possible. This is a 7-segment display (like an alarm clock) so it's not exactly text that an OCR package would be used to seeing. Also--there is a countdown timer on the side of the display; typically when it is down to 1 bar, you wait until the next number appears and it starts over at 5 bars (like signal strength on your cell phone). So this would need to be OCRd as well but it is not text. Anyway the more I think about it as I type this, the less convinced I am that I can truly get this right, so maybe I should just work on it in my spare time?

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  • How does key-based caching work?

    - by Dominic Santos
    I recently read an article on the 37Signals blog and I'm left wondering how it is that they get the cache key. It's all well and good having a cache key that includes the object's timestamp (this means that when you update the object the cache will be invalidated); but how do you then use the cache key in a template without causing a DB hit for the very object that you are trying to fetch from the cache. Specifically, how does this affect One to Many relations where you are rendering a Post's Comments for example. Example in Django: {% for comment in post.comments.all %} {% cache comment.pk comment.modified %} <p>{{ post.body }}</p> {% endcache %} {% endfor %} Is caching in Rails different to just requests to memcached for example (I know that they convert your cache key to something different). Do they also cache the cache key?

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  • Should a primary key be immutable?

    - by Vincent Malgrat
    A recent question on stackoverflow provoked a discussion about the immutability of primary keys. I had thought that it was a kind of rule that primary keys should be immutable. If there is a chance that some day a primary key would be updated, I thought you should use a surrogate key. However it is not in the SQL standard and some RDBMS' "cascade update" feature allows a primary key to change. So my question is: is it still a bad practice to have a primary key that may change ? What are the cons, if any, of having a mutable primary key ?

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  • USB key will only be mounted by gparted [?]

    - by user2413
    Hi, When I insert by usb key nothing happens (i.e. the drive is not visible). I can mount the USB drive from gparted though (and then it's suddenly recognized). It's not particular to any USB key. This only happens on my laptop (on the desktop the same key will be mounted upon plugging it in without any problems). Finally, the key is formated as fat32 and dosfstools and mtools are installed (through gparted claims otherwise). what's the catch? EDIT Also, gparted offers me the option to mount the key on "/" : shouldn't that be "/media" (or has this changed ?)

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  • Intuitive "Take Screenshot" key mapping used by games?

    - by Hatoru Hansou
    I recently had a problem testing my game on Linux Ubuntu. The Print key is intercepted by the desktop environment and It never reaches the game. Rather than fighting this, I will simply use any other key or key combination to trigger the screen capture functionality. Now, using the PRINT key is very intuitive because people already expect this behavior. What other keys are a good idea to use to take screenshots? And if possible elaborate why, have other apps/games used that key?

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  • You Probably Already Have a “Private Cloud”

    - by BuckWoody
    I’ve mentioned before that I’m not a fan of the word “Cloud”. It’s too marketing-oriented, gimmicky and non-specific. A better definition (in many cases) is “Distributed Computing”. That means that some or all of the computing functions are handled somewhere other than under your specific control. But there is a current use of the word “Cloud” that does not necessarily mean that the computing is done somewhere else. In fact, it’s a vector of Cloud Computing that can better be termed “Utility Computing”. This has to do with the provisioning of a computing resource. That means the setup, configuration, management, balancing and so on that is needed so that a user – which might actually be a developer – can do some computing work. To that person, the resource is just “there” and works like they expect, like the phone system or any other utility. The interesting thing is, you can do this yourself. In fact, you probably already have been, or are now. It’s got a cool new trendy term – “Private Cloud”, but the fact is, if you have your setup automated, the HA and DR handled, balancing and performance tuning done, and a process wrapped around it all, you can call yourself a “Cloud Provider”. A good example here is your E-Mail system. your users – pretty much your whole company – just logs into e-mail and expects it to work. To them, you are the “Cloud” provider. On your side, the more you automate and provision the system, the more you act like a Cloud Provider. Another example is a database server. In this case, the “end user” is usually the development team, or perhaps your SharePoint group and so on. The data professionals configure, monitor, tune and balance the system all the time. The more this is automated, the more you’re acting like a Cloud Provider. Lots of companies help you do this in your own data centers, from VMWare to IBM and many others. Microsoft's offering in this is based around System Center – they have a “cloud in a box” provisioning system that’s actually pretty slick. The most difficult part of operating a Private Cloud is probably the scale factor. In the case of Windows and SQL Azure, we handle this in multiple ways – and we're happy to share how we do it. It’s not magic, and the algorithms for balancing (like the one we started with called Paxos) are well known. The key is the knowledge, infrastructure and people. Sure, you can do this yourself, and in many cases such as top-secret or private systems, you probably should. But there are times where you should evaluate using Azure or other vendors, or even multiple vendors to spread your risk. All of this should be based on client need, not on what you know how to do already. So congrats on your new role as a “Cloud Provider”. If you have an E-mail system or a database platform, you can just put that right on your resume.

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  • How to handle encryption key conflicts when synchronizing data?

    - by Rafael
    Assume that there is data that gets synchronized between several devices. The data is protected with a symmetric encryption algorithm and a key. The key is stored on each device and encrypted with a password. When a user changes the password only the key gets re-encrypted. Under normal circumstances, when there is a good network connection to other peers, the current key gets synchronized and all data on the new device gets encrypted with the same key. But how to handle situations where a new device doesn’t have a network connection and e.g. creates its own new, but incompatible key? How to keep the usability as high as possible under such circumstances? The application could detect that there is no network and hence refuse to start. That’s very bad usability in my opinion, because the application isn’t functional at all in this case. I don’t consider this a solution. The application could ignore the missing network connection and create a new key. But what to do when the application gains a network connection? There will be several incompatible keys and some parts of the underlying data could only be encrypted with one key and other parts with another key. The situation would get worse if there would be more keys than just two and the application would’ve to ask every time for a password when another object that should get decrypted with another key would be needed. It is very messy and time consuming to try to re-encrypt all data that is encrypted with another key with a main key. What should be the main key at all in this case? The oldest key? The key with the most encrypted objects? What if the key got synchronized but not all objects that got encrypted with this particular key? How should the user know for which particular password the application asks and why it takes probably very long to re-encrypt the data? It’s very hard to describe encryption “issues” to users. So far I didn’t find an acceptable solution, nor some kind of generic strategy. Do you have some hints about a concrete strategy or some books / papers that describe synchronization of symmetrically encrypted data with keys that could cause conflicts?

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