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  • Get class of caller's method (via inspect) in Python

    - by Slava Vishnyakov
    Is it possible to get reference to class B in this example? class A(object): pass class B(A): def test(self): test2() class C(B): pass import inspect def test2(): frame = inspect.currentframe().f_back cls = frame.[?something here?] # cls here should == B (class) c = C() c.test() Basically, C is child of B, B is child of A. Then we create c of type C. Then the call to c.test() actually calls B.test() (via inheritance), which calls to test2(). test2() can get the parent frame frame; code reference to method via frame.f_code; self via frame.f_locals['self']; but type(frame.f_locals['self']) is C (of course), but not B, where method is defined. Any way to get B?

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  • importing classes python

    - by Richard
    Just wondering why import sys exit(0) gives me this error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#1>", line 1, in ? exit(0) TypeError: 'str' object is not callable but from sys import exit exit(0) works fine?

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  • Convert a GTK python script to C

    - by Jessica
    The following script will take a screenshot on a Gnome desktop. import gtk.gdk w = gtk.gdk.get_default_root_window() sz = w.get_size() pb = gtk.gdk.Pixbuf(gtk.gdk.COLORSPACE_RGB,False, 8, sz[0], sz[1]) pb = pb.get_from_drawable(w, w.get_colormap(), 0, 0, 0, 0, sz[0], sz[1]) if (pb != None): pb.save("screenshot.png", "png") print "Screenshot saved to screenshot.png." else: print "Unable to get the screenshot." Now, I've been trying to convert this to C and use it in one of the apps I am writing but so far i've been unsuccessful. Is there any what to do this in C (on Linux)? Thanks! Jess.

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  • Python method to remove iterability

    - by Debilski
    Suppose I have a function which can either take an iterable/iterator or a non-iterable as an argument. Iterability is checked with try: iter(arg). Depending whether the input is an iterable or not, the outcome of the method will be different. Not when I want to pass a non-iterable as iterable input, it is easy to do: I’ll just wrap it with a tuple. What do I do when I want to pass an iterable (a string for example) but want the function to take it as if it’s non-iterable? E.g. make that iter(str) fails.

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  • Python/Django Concatenate a string depending on whether that string exists

    - by Douglas Meehan
    I'm creating a property on a Django model called "address". I want address to consist of the concatenation of a number of fields I have on my model. The problem is that not all instances of this model will have values for all of these fields. So, I want to concatenate only those fields that have values. What is the best/most Pythonic way to do this? Here are the relevant fields from the model: house = models.IntegerField('House Number', null=True, blank=True) suf = models.CharField('House Number Suffix', max_length=1, null=True, blank=True) unit = models.CharField('Address Unit', max_length=7, null=True, blank=True) stex = models.IntegerField('Address Extention', null=True, blank=True) stdir = models.CharField('Street Direction', max_length=254, null=True, blank=True) stnam = models.CharField('Street Name', max_length=30, null=True, blank=True) stdes = models.CharField('Street Designation', max_length=3, null=True, blank=True) stdessuf = models.CharField('Street Designation Suffix',max_length=1, null=True, blank=True) I could just do something like this: def _get_address(self): return "%s %s %s %s %s %s %s %s" % (self.house, self.suf, self.unit, self.stex, self.stdir, self.stname, self.stdes, self.stdessuf) but then there would be extra blank spaces in the result. I could do a series of if statements and concatenate within each, but that seems ugly. What's the best way to handle this situation? Thanks.

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  • python need some help

    - by maxt0r
    hi i have my codes i have to do a module def subjects but i cant figure out how can u help me thanks. class Enrol: def init(self, dir): def readFiles(, dir, files): for file in files: if file == "classes.txt": class_list = readtable(dir+"/"+file) for item in class_list: Enrol.class_info_dict[item[0]] = item[1:] if item[1] in Enrol.classes_dict: Enrol.classes_dict[item[1]].append(item[0]) else: Enrol.classes_dict[item[1]] = [item[0]] elif file == "subjects.txt": subject_list = readtable(dir+"/"+file) for item in subject_list: Enrol.subjects_dict[item[0]] = item[1] elif file == "venues.txt": venue_list = readtable(dir+"/"+file) for item in venue_list: Enrol.venues_dict[item[0]] = item[1:] elif file.endswith('.roll'): roll_list = readlines(dir+"/"+file) file = os.path.splitext(file)[0] Enrol.class_roll_dict[file] = roll_list for item in roll_list: if item in Enrol.enrolled_dict: Enrol.enrolled_dict[item].append(file) else: Enrol.enrolled_dict[item] = [file] try: os.walk(dir, _readFiles, None) except: print "directory not properly been recognise error" def subjects(what should i write here??): for name in suject_list: print name, out put should look like import enrol e = enrol.Enrol("/path/to/data") e.subjects() ['bw101', 'bw110', 'bw232', 'bw290', 'bw660']

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  • improve my python program to fetch the desire rows by using if condition

    - by user2560507
    unique.txt file contains: 2 columns with columns separated by tab. total.txt file contains: 3 columns each column separated by tab. I take each row from unique.txt file and find that in total.txt file. If present then extract entire row from total.txt and save it in new output file. ###Total.txt column a column b column c interaction1 mitochondria_205000_225000 mitochondria_195000_215000 interaction2 mitochondria_345000_365000 mitochondria_335000_355000 interaction3 mitochondria_345000_365000 mitochondria_5000_25000 interaction4 chloroplast_115000_128207 chloroplast_35000_55000 interaction5 chloroplast_115000_128207 chloroplast_15000_35000 interaction15 2_10515000_10535000 2_10505000_10525000 ###Unique.txt column a column b mitochondria_205000_225000 mitochondria_195000_215000 mitochondria_345000_365000 mitochondria_335000_355000 mitochondria_345000_365000 mitochondria_5000_25000 chloroplast_115000_128207 chloroplast_35000_55000 chloroplast_115000_128207 chloroplast_15000_35000 mitochondria_185000_205000 mitochondria_25000_45000 2_16595000_16615000 2_16585000_16605000 4_2785000_2805000 4_2775000_2795000 4_11395000_11415000 4_11385000_11405000 4_2875000_2895000 4_2865000_2885000 4_13745000_13765000 4_13735000_13755000 My program: file=open('total.txt') file2 = open('unique.txt') all_content=file.readlines() all_content2=file2.readlines() store_id_lines = [] ff = open('match.dat', 'w') for i in range(len(all_content)): line=all_content[i].split('\t') seq=line[1]+'\t'+line[2] for j in range(len(all_content2)): if all_content2[j]==seq: ff.write(seq) break Problem: but istide of giving desire output (values of those 1st column that fulfile the if condition). i nead somthing like if jth of unique.txt == ith of total.txt then write ith row of total.txt into new file.

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  • tkinter python entry not being displayed

    - by user1050619
    I have created a Form with labels and entries..but for some reason the entries are not being created, peoplegui.py from tkinter import * from tkinter.messagebox import showerror import shelve shelvename = 'class-shelve' fieldnames = ('name','age','job','pay') def makewidgets(): global entries window = Tk() window.title('People Shelve') form = Frame(window) form.pack() entries = {} for (ix, label) in enumerate(('key',) + fieldnames): lab = Label(form, text=label) ent = Entry(form) lab.grid(row=ix, column=0) lab.grid(row=ix, column=1) entries[label] = ent Button(window, text="Fetch", command=fetchRecord).pack(side=LEFT) Button(window, text="Update", command=updateRecord).pack(side=LEFT) Button(window, text="Quit", command=window.quit).pack(side=RIGHT) return window def fetchRecord(): print('In fetch') def updateRecord(): print('In update') if __name__ == '__main__': window = makewidgets() window.mainloop() When I run it the labels are created but not the entries.

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  • Sympy python circumference

    - by Mattia Villani
    I need to display a circumference. In order to do that I thought I could calculata for a lot of x the two values of y, so I did: import sympy as sy from sympy.abc import x,y f = x**2 + y**2 - 1 a = x - 0.5 sy.solve([f,a],[x,y]) and this is what I get: Traceback (most recent call last): File "<input>", line 1, in <module> File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/sympy/solvers/solvers.py", line 484, in solve solution = _solve(f, *symbols, **flags) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/sympy/solvers/solvers.py", line 749, in _solve result = solve_poly_system(polys) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/sympy/solvers/polysys.py", line 40, in solve_poly_system return solve_biquadratic(f, g, opt) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/sympy/solvers/polysys.py", line 48, in solve_biquadratic G = groebner([f, g]) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/sympy/polys/polytools.py", line 5308, i n groebner raise DomainError("can't compute a Groebner basis over %s" % domain) DomainError: can't compute a Groebner basis over RR How can I calculate the y's values ?

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  • Unable to open images with Python's Image.open()

    - by ensnare
    My code reads: import Image def generateThumbnail(self, width, height): """ Generates thumbnails for an image """ im = Image.open(self._file) When I call this function, I get an error: ? AttributeError: type object 'Image' has no attribute 'open' However in the console: import Image im = Image.open('test.jpg') I have no problem. Any ideas? Thanks!

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  • speed up calling lot of entities, and getting unique values, google app engine python

    - by user291071
    OK this is a 2 part question, I've seen and searched for several methods to get a list of unique values for a class and haven't been practically happy with any method so far. So anyone have a simple example code of getting unique values for instance for this code. Here is my super slow example. class LinkRating2(db.Model): user = db.StringProperty() link = db.StringProperty() rating2 = db.FloatProperty() def uniqueLinkGet(tabl): start = time.time() dic = {} query = tabl.all() for obj in query: dic[obj.link]=1 end = time.time() print end-start return dic My second question is calling for instance an iterator instead of fetch slower? Is there a faster method to do this code below? Especially if the number of elements called be larger than 1000? query = LinkRating2.all() link1 = 'some random string' a = query.filter('link = ', link1) adic ={} for itema in a: adic[itema.user]=itema.rating2

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  • Help with python list-comprehension

    - by leChuck
    A simplified version of my problem: I have a list comprehension that i use to set bitflags on a two dimensional list so: s = FLAG1 | FLAG2 | FLAG3 [[c.set_state(s) for c in row] for row in self.__map] All set_state does is: self.state |= f This works fine but I have to have this function "set_state" in every cell in __map. Every cell in __map has a .state so what I'm trying to do is something like: [[c.state |= s for c in row] for row in self.map] or map(lambda c: c.state |= s, [c for c in row for row in self.__map]) Except that neither works (Syntax error). Perhaps I'm barking up the wrong tree with map/lamda but I would like to get rid on set_state. And perhaps know why assignment does not work in the list-comprehension

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  • Sorting and aligning the contents of a text file in Python

    - by Emily Price
    In my program I have a text file that I read from and write to. However, I would like to display the contents of the text file in an aligned and sorted manner. The contents currently read: name, score name, score This is my code where the text file in read and printed: elif userCommand == 'V': print "High Scores:" scoresFile = open("scores1.txt", 'r') scores = scoresFile.read().split("\n") for score in scores: print score scoresFile.close() Would I have to convert this information into lists in order to be able to do this? If so, how do I go about doing this? Thank you

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  • fetching from a specified index in a set using python

    - by tipu
    I'm using pagination on a values from a set. So what this results in is me needing to get values from x to x + 20 which can be in the middle of a set with 50,000 entries. Is it possible that I can fetch these values by grabbing by the space in the set? Would it make more sense to do result = [] my_dict = dict(very_big_set) for i in range(30000, 30020) result.append(my_dict[i])

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  • In Python, are there builtin functions for elementwise map of boolean operators over tuples of lists

    - by bshanks
    For example, if you have n lists of bools of the same length, then elementwise boolean AND should return another list of that length that has True in those positions where all the input lists have True, and False everywhere else. It's pretty easy to write, i just would prefer to use a builtin if one exists (for the sake of standardization/readability). Here's an implementation of elementwise AND: def eAnd(*args): return [all(tuple) for tuple in zip(*args)] example usage: >>> eAnd([True, False, True, False, True], [True, True, False, False, True], [True, True, False, False, True]) [True, False, False, False, True] thx

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  • Invoking a superclass's class methods in Python

    - by LeafStorm
    I am working on a Flask extension that adds CouchDB support to Flask. To make it easier, I have subclassed couchdb.mapping.Document so the store and load methods can use the current thread-local database. Right now, my code looks like this: class Document(mapping.Document): # rest of the methods omitted for brevity @classmethod def load(cls, id, db=None): return mapping.Document.load(cls, db or g.couch, id) I left out some for brevity, but that's the important part. However, due to the way classmethod works, when I try to call this method, I receive the error message File "flaskext/couchdb.py", line 187, in load return mapping.Document.load(cls, db or g.couch, id) TypeError: load() takes exactly 3 arguments (4 given) I tested replacing the call with mapping.Document.load.im_func(cls, db or g.couch, id), and it works, but I'm not particularly happy about accessing the internal im_ attributes (even though they are documented). Does anyone have a more elegant way to handle this?

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  • Python: eliminating stack traces into library code?

    - by Mark Harrison
    When I get a runtime exception from the standard library, it's almost always a problem in my code and not in the library code. Is there a way to truncate the exception stack trace so that it doesn't show the guts of the library package? For example, I would like to get this: Traceback (most recent call last): File "./lmd3-mkhead.py", line 71, in <module> main() File "./lmd3-mkhead.py", line 66, in main create() File "./lmd3-mkhead.py", line 41, in create headver1[depotFile]=rev TypeError: Data values must be of type string or None. and not this: Traceback (most recent call last): File "./lmd3-mkhead.py", line 71, in <module> main() File "./lmd3-mkhead.py", line 66, in main create() File "./lmd3-mkhead.py", line 41, in create headver1[depotFile]=rev File "/usr/anim/modsquad/oses/fc11/lib/python2.6/bsddb/__init__.py", line 276, in __setitem__ _DeadlockWrap(wrapF) # self.db[key] = value File "/usr/anim/modsquad/oses/fc11/lib/python2.6/bsddb/dbutils.py", line 68, in DeadlockWrap return function(*_args, **_kwargs) File "/usr/anim/modsquad/oses/fc11/lib/python2.6/bsddb/__init__.py", line 275, in wrapF self.db[key] = value TypeError: Data values must be of type string or None.

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  • encapsulation in python list (want to use " instead of ')

    - by Codehai
    I have a list of users users["pirates"] and they're stored in the format ['pirate1','pirate2']. If I hand the list over to a def and query for it in MongoDB, it returns data based on the first index (e.g. pirate1) only. If I hand over a list in the format ["pirate1","pirate"], it returns data based on all the elements in the list. So I think there's something wrong with the encapsulation of the elements in the list. My question: can I change the encapsulation from ' to " without replacing every ' on every element with a loop manually? Short Example: aList = list() # get pirate Stuff # users["pirates"] is a list returned by a former query # so e.g. users["pirates"][0] may be peter without any quotes for pirate in users["pirates"]: aList.append(pirate) aVar = pirateDef(aList) print(aVar) the definition: def pirateDef(inputList = list()): # prepare query col = mongoConnect().MYCOL # query for pirates Arrrr pirates = col.find({ "_id" : {"$in" : inputList}} ).sort("_id",1).limit(50) # loop over users userList = list() for person in pirates: # do stuff that has nothing to do with the problem # append user to userlist userList.append(person) return userList If the given list has ' encapsulation it returns: 'pirates': [{'pirate': 'Arrr', '_id': 'blabla'}] If capsulated with " it returns: 'pirates' : [{'_id': 'blabla', 'pirate' : 'Arrr'}, {'_id': 'blabla2', 'pirate' : 'cheers'}] EDIT: I tried figuring out, that the problem has to be in the MongoDB query. The list is handed over to the Def correctly, but after querying pirates only consists of 1 element... Thanks for helping me Codehai

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  • networking application and GUI in python

    - by pygabriel
    I'm writing an application that sends files over network, I want to develop a custom protocol to not limit myself in term on feature richness (http wouldn't be appropriate, the nearest thing is the bittorrent protocol maybe). I've tried with twisted, I've built a good app but there's a bug that makes my GUI blocking, so I've to switch to another framework/strategy. What do you suggest? Using raw sockets and using gtk mainloop (there are select-like functions in the toolkit) is too much difficult? It's viable running two mainloops in different threads? Asking for suggestions

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  • Custom constructors for models in Google App Engine (python)

    - by Nikhil Chelliah
    I'm getting back to programming for Google App Engine and I've found, in old, unused code, instances in which I wrote constructors for models. It seems like a good idea, but there's no mention of it online and I can't test to see if it works. Here's a contrived example, with no error-checking, etc.: class Dog(db.Model): name = db.StringProperty(required=True) breeds = db.StringListProperty() age = db.IntegerProperty(default=0) def __init__(self, name, breed_list, **kwargs): db.Model.__init__(**kwargs) self.name = name self.breeds = breed_list.split() rufus = Dog('Rufus', 'spaniel terrier labrador') rufus.put() The **kwargs are passed on to the Model constructor in case the model is constructed with a specified parent or key_name, or in case other properties (like age) are specified. This constructor differs from the default in that it requires that a name and breed_list be specified (although it can't ensure that they're strings), and it parses breed_list in a way that the default constructor could not. Is this a legitimate form of instantiation, or should I just use functions or static/class methods? And if it works, why aren't custom constructors used more often?

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  • How to parse a directory tree in python?

    - by chutsu
    I have a directory called "notes" within the notes I have categories which are named "science", "maths" ... within those folder are sub-categories, such as "Quantum Mechanics", "Linear Algebra". ./notes --> ./notes/maths ------> ./notes/maths/linear_algebra --> ./notes/physics/ ------> ./notes/physics/quantum_mechanics My problem is that I don't know how to put the categories and subcategories into TWO SEPARATE list/array.

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