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  • Fitting Gaussian KDE in numpy/scipy in Python

    - by user248237
    I am fitting a Gaussian kernel density estimator to a variable that is the difference of two vectors, called "diff", as follows: gaussian_kde_covfact(diff, smoothing_param) -- where gaussian_kde_covfact is defined as: class gaussian_kde_covfact(stats.gaussian_kde): def __init__(self, dataset, covfact = 'scotts'): self.covfact = covfact scipy.stats.gaussian_kde.__init__(self, dataset) def _compute_covariance_(self): '''not used''' self.inv_cov = np.linalg.inv(self.covariance) self._norm_factor = sqrt(np.linalg.det(2*np.pi*self.covariance)) * self.n def covariance_factor(self): if self.covfact in ['sc', 'scotts']: return self.scotts_factor() if self.covfact in ['si', 'silverman']: return self.silverman_factor() elif self.covfact: return float(self.covfact) else: raise ValueError, \ 'covariance factor has to be scotts, silverman or a number' def reset_covfact(self, covfact): self.covfact = covfact self.covariance_factor() self._compute_covariance() This works, but there is an edge case where the diff is a vector of all 0s. In that case, I get the error: File "/srv/pkg/python/python-packages/python26/scipy/scipy-0.7.1/lib/python2.6/site-packages/scipy/stats/kde.py", line 334, in _compute_covariance self.inv_cov = linalg.inv(self.covariance) File "/srv/pkg/python/python-packages/python26/scipy/scipy-0.7.1/lib/python2.6/site-packages/scipy/linalg/basic.py", line 382, in inv if info>0: raise LinAlgError, "singular matrix" numpy.linalg.linalg.LinAlgError: singular matrix What's a way to get around this? In this case, I'd like it to return a density that's essentially peaked completely at a difference of 0, with no mass everywhere else. thanks.

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  • How to Return Variable for all tests to use Unittest

    - by chrissygormley
    Hello, I have a Python script and I am trying to set a variable so that if the first test fail's the rest of then will be set to fail. The script I have so far is: class Tests(): def function: result function.......... def errorHandle(self): return self.error def sudsPass(self): try: result = self.client.service.GetStreamUri(self.stream, self.token) except suds.WebFault, e: assert False except Exception, e: pass finally: if 'result' in locals(): self.error = True self.errorHandle() assert True else: self.error = False self.errorHandle() assert False def sudsFail(self): try: result = self.client.service.GetStreamUri(self.stream, self.token) except suds.WebFault, e: assert False except Exception, e: pass finally: if 'result' in locals() or self.error == False: assert False else: assert True class GetStreamUri(TestGetStreamUri): def runTest(self): self.sudsPass() class GetStreamUriProtocolFail(TestGetStreamUri): def runTest(self): self.stream.Transport.Protocol = "NoValue" self.errorHandle() self.sudsFail() if __name__ == '__main__': unittest.main() I am trying to get self.error to be set to False if the first test fail. I understand that it is being set in another test but I was hoping someone could help me find a solution to this problem using some other means. Thanks PS. Please ignore the strange tests. There is a problem with the error handling at the moment.

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  • Changing direction of rotation Pygame

    - by czl
    How would you change the direction of a rotating image/rect in Pygame? Applying positive and negative degree values works but it seems to only be able to rotate one direction throughout my window. Is there a way to ensure a change in direction of rotation? Perhaps change up rotation of a spinning image every 5 seconds, or if able to change the direction of the spin when hitting a X or Y axis. I've added some code below. It seems like switching movement directions is easy with rect.move_ip as long as I specify a speed and have location clause, it does what I want. Unfortunately rotation is't like that. Here I'l adding angles to make sure it spins, but no matter what I try, I'm unable to negate the rotation. def rotate_image(self): #rotate image orig_rect = self.image.get_rect() rot_image = pygame.transform.rotate(self.image, self.angle) rot_rect = orig_rect.copy() rot_rect.center = rot_image.get_rect().center rot_image = rot_image.subsurface(rot_rect).copy() return rot_image def render(self): self.screen.fill(self.bg_color) self.rect.move_ip(0,5) #Y axis movement at 5 px per frame self.angle += 5 #add 5 anglewhen the rect has not hit one of the window self.angle %= 360 if self.rect.left < 0 or self.rect.right > self.width: self.speed[0] = -self.speed[0] self.angle = -self.angle #tried to invert the angle self.angle -= 5 #trying to negate the angle rotation self.angle %= 360 self.screen.blit(self.rotate_image(),self.rect) pygame.display.flip() I would really like to know how to invert rotation of a image. You may provide your own examples.

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  • Python "callable" attribute (pseudo-property)

    - by mgilson
    In python, I can alter the state of an instance by directly assigning to attributes, or by making method calls which alter the state of the attributes: foo.thing = 'baz' or: foo.thing('baz') Is there a nice way to create a class which would accept both of the above forms which scales to large numbers of attributes that behave this way? (Shortly, I'll show an example of an implementation that I don't particularly like.) If you're thinking that this is a stupid API, let me know, but perhaps a more concrete example is in order. Say I have a Document class. Document could have an attribute title. However, title may want to have some state as well (font,fontsize,justification,...), but the average user might be happy enough just setting the title to a string and being done with it ... One way to accomplish this would be to: class Title(object): def __init__(self,text,font='times',size=12): self.text = text self.font = font self.size = size def __call__(self,*text,**kwargs): if(text): self.text = text[0] for k,v in kwargs.items(): setattr(self,k,v) def __str__(self): return '<title font={font}, size={size}>{text}</title>'.format(text=self.text,size=self.size,font=self.font) class Document(object): _special_attr = set(['title']) def __setattr__(self,k,v): if k in self._special_attr and hasattr(self,k): getattr(self,k)(v) else: object.__setattr__(self,k,v) def __init__(self,text="",title=""): self.title = Title(title) self.text = text def __str__(self): return str(self.title)+'<body>'+self.text+'</body>' Now I can use this as follows: doc = Document() doc.title = "Hello World" print (str(doc)) doc.title("Goodbye World",font="Helvetica") print (str(doc)) This implementation seems a little messy though (with __special_attr). Maybe that's because this is a messed up API. I'm not sure. Is there a better way to do this? Or did I leave the beaten path a little too far on this one? I realize I could use @property for this as well, but that wouldn't scale well at all if I had more than just one attribute which is to behave this way -- I'd need to write a getter and setter for each, yuck.

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  • Problems with self-signed SSL certificate for SSTP in Windows Server Foundation 2008

    - by John Barton
    I am trying to configure SSTP in Windows Server Foundation 2008. I want to use a self-signed SSL certificate to do authentication. When the server is running, I get the following error when trying to connect: 0x800B0109: A certificate chain processed, but terminated in a root certificate that is not trusted by the trust provider. I created the self-signed certificate in the IIS "Server Certificates" panel. From that panel, I exported the certificate, with the private key, to a .pfx file. I installed this certificate on the client computer which I tried to connect from. The certificate bound to the SSL listener in the RRAS-Security panel is present in the Trusted Root Certificate Authority stores on both machines. I've been getting super annoyed setting up certificates. Any advice here?

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  • CentOS ISO DVD self-disc-check failing

    - by Jakobud
    I downloaded a CentOS 5.4 DVD ISO from one of the official mirrors. The MD5 sum is correct for the iso file that was downloaded. I burned the ISO onto a DVD+R using ImgBurn. I got no errors during the burning process and it says it finished burning successfully. When booting a server using this DVD to install CentOS on it, the first thing I did was run the self-disc-check (where it checks the files to make sure its genuine, etc). It failed. Didn't really say why. Am I doing something wrong here? Or is there someplace I can see why its failing? If the MD5 is correct and I don't get any burning errors, how can it be failing its own self-check mechanism?

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  • RegEx match open tags except XHTML self-contained tags

    - by Jeff
    I need to match all of these opening tags: <p> <a href="foo"> But not these: <br /> <hr class="foo" /> I came up with this and wanted to make sure I've got it right. I am only capturing the a-z. <([a-z]+) *[^/]*?> I believe it says: Find a less-than, then Find (and capture) a-z one or more times, then Find zero or more spaces, then Find any character zero or more times, greedy, except /, then Find a greater-than Do I have that right? And more importantly, what do you think? =) EDIT: Hmm, which answer to mark as correct? For the record, ALL the answers are appreciated. Many thanks!

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  • How to display a QGraphicsScene?

    - by Chris
    I've got the following code and I'm not sure how to add the QGraphicsScene to my layout.. class MainForm(QDialog): def __init__(self, parent=None): super(MainForm, self).__init__(parent) self.scene = QGraphicsScene(self) self.scene.setSceneRect(0, 0, 500, 500) self.view = QGraphicsView() self.view.setRenderHint(QPainter.Antialiasing) self.view.setScene(self.scene) self.view.setFocusPolicy(Qt.NoFocus) zoomSlider = QSlider(Qt.Horizontal) zoomSlider.setRange(5, 200) zoomSlider.setValue(100) self.pauseButton = QPushButton("Pause") quitButton = QPushButton("Quit") layout = QVBoxLayout() layout.addWidget(zoomSlider) self.setLayout(layout) self.startTimer(10) How can I get my QGraphicsScene running? I'm new to Qt. Am I even supposed to be adding a QGraphicsScene to a layout/

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  • Get most left|right|top|bottom point contained in box

    - by skyman
    I'm storing Points Of Interest (POI) in PostgreSQL database, and retrieve them via PHP script to Android application. To reduce internet usage I want my mobile app to know if there are any points in the neighborhood of currently displayed area. My idea is to store bounds of the rectangle containing all points already retrieved (in other words: nearest point on the left (West) of most west already retrieved, nearest point above (North) of most north already retrieved etc.) and I will make next query when any edge of screen goes outside of this bounds. Currently I can retrieve points which are in "single screen" (in the area covered by currently displayed map) using: SELECT * FROM ch WHERE loc <@ (box '((".-$latSpan.", ".$lonSpan."),(".$latSpan.", ".-$lonSpan."))' + point '".$loc."') Now I need to know four most remote points in each direction, than I will be able to retrieve next four "more remote" points. Is there any possibility to get those points (or box) directly from PostgreSQL (maybe using some "aggregate points to box" function)?

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  • Django FileField not saving to upload_to location

    - by Erik
    I have an Attachment model that has a FileField in a Django 1.4.1 app. This FileField has a callable upload_to parameter which, per the Django docs should be called when the form (and therefore the model) is saved. When I run FormTest below, the upload_to callable is never called and the file therefore does not appear in the location provided by the upload_to method. What am I doing wrong? Notice that in the passing tests in ModelTest (also below), the upload_to method works as expected. Test: from core.forms.attachments import AttachmentForm from django.test import TestCase import unittest from django.core.files.uploadedfile import SimpleUploadedFile from django.core.files.storage import default_storage def suite(): return unittest.TestSuite( [ unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(FormTest), ] ) class FormTest(TestCase): def test_form_1(self): filename = 'filename' f = file(filename) data = {'name':'name',} file_data = {'attachment_file':SimpleUploadedFile(f.name,f.read()),} form = AttachmentForm(data=data,files=file_data) self.assertTrue(form.is_valid()) attachment = form.save() root_directory = 'attachments' upload_location = root_directory + '/' + attachment.directory + '/' + filename self.assertTrue(attachment.attachment_file) # Fails self.assertTrue(default_storage.exists(upload_location)) # Fails Attachment Model: from django.db import models from parent_mixins import Parent_Mixin import uuid from django.db.models.signals import pre_delete,pre_save from dirtyfields import DirtyFieldsMixin def upload_to(instance,filename): return 'attachments/' + instance.directory + '/' + filename def uuid_directory_name(): return uuid.uuid4().hex class Attachment(DirtyFieldsMixin,Parent_Mixin,models.Model): attachment_file = models.FileField(blank=True,null=True,upload_to=upload_to) directory = models.CharField(blank=False,default=uuid_directory_name,null=False,max_length=32) name = models.CharField(blank=False,default=None,null=False,max_length=128) class Meta: app_label = 'core' def __str__(self): return unicode(self).encode('utf-8') def __unicode__(self): return unicode(self.name) @models.permalink def get_absolute_url(self): return('core_attachments_update',(),{'pk': self.pk}) # def save(self,*args,**kwargs): # super(Attachment,self).save(*args,**kwargs) def pre_delete_callback(sender, instance, *args, **kwargs): if not isinstance(instance, Attachment): return if not instance.attachment_file: return instance.attachment_file.delete(save=False) def pre_save_callback(sender, instance, *args, **kwargs): if not isinstance(instance, Attachment): return if not instance.attachment_file: return if instance.is_dirty(): dirty_fields = instance.get_dirty_fields() if 'attachment_file' in dirty_fields: old_attachment_file = dirty_fields['attachment_file'] old_attachment_file.delete() pre_delete.connect(pre_delete_callback) pre_save.connect(pre_save_callback) Attachment Form: from ..models.attachments import Attachment from crispy_forms.helper import FormHelper from crispy_forms.layout import Div,Layout,HTML,Field,Fieldset,Button,ButtonHolder,Submit from django import forms class AttachmentFormHelper(FormHelper): form_tag=False layout = Layout( Div( Div( Field('name',css_class='span4'), Field('attachment_file',css_class='span4'), css_class='span4', ), css_class='row', ), ) class AttachmentForm(forms.ModelForm): helper = AttachmentFormHelper() class Meta: fields=('attachment_file','name') model = Attachment class AttachmentInlineFormHelper(FormHelper): form_tag=False form_style='inline' layout = Layout( Div( Div( Field('name',css_class='span4'), Field('attachment_file',css_class='span4'), Field('DELETE',css_class='span4'), css_class='span4', ), css_class='row', ), ) class AttachmentInlineForm(forms.ModelForm): helper = AttachmentInlineFormHelper() class Meta: fields=('attachment_file','name') model = Attachment UPDATE I also do testing on the Attachment model class with these unit tests -- which all pass: from core.models.attachments import Attachment from core.models.attachments import upload_to from django.test import TestCase import unittest from django.core.files.storage import default_storage from django.core.files.base import ContentFile def suite(): return unittest.TestSuite( [ unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(ModelTest), ] ) class ModelTest(TestCase): def test_model_minimum_fields(self): attachment = Attachment(name='name') attachment.attachment_file.save('test.txt',ContentFile("hello world")) attachment.save() self.assertEqual(str(attachment),'name') self.assertEqual(unicode(attachment),'name') self.assertTrue(attachment.directory) # def test_model_full_fields(self): # attachment = Attachment() # attachement.save() def test_file_operations_basic(self): root_directory = 'attachments' filename = 'test.txt' attachment = Attachment(name='name') attachment.attachment_file.save(filename,ContentFile('test')) attachment.save() upload_location = root_directory + '/' + attachment.directory + '/' + filename self.assertEqual(upload_to(attachment,filename),upload_location) self.assertTrue(default_storage.exists(upload_location)) def test_file_operations_delete(self): root_directory = 'attachments' filename = 'test.txt' attachment = Attachment(name='name') attachment.attachment_file.save(filename,ContentFile('test')) attachment.save() upload_location = upload_to(attachment,filename) attachment.delete() self.assertFalse(default_storage.exists(upload_location)) def test_file_operations_change(self): root_directory = 'attachments' filename_1 = 'test_1.txt' attachment = Attachment(name='name') attachment.attachment_file.save(filename_1,ContentFile('test')) attachment.save() upload_location_1 = upload_to(attachment,filename_1) self.assertTrue(default_storage.exists(upload_location_1)) filename_2 = 'test_2.txt' attachment.attachment_file.save(filename_2,ContentFile('test')) attachment.save() upload_location_2 = upload_to(attachment,filename_2) self.assertTrue(default_storage.exists(upload_location_2)) self.assertFalse(default_storage.exists(upload_location_1))

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  • Git - Ignore certain files contained in specific folders

    - by Jim
    I'm using msysgit and have a project tree that contains many bin/ folders in the tree. Using the .gitignore file in the root of the project I need to ignore all .dll files that reside within a bin/ folder anywhere in the project tree. I've tried "bin/*.dll" but that doesn't work, I assume it is only working against the bin/ folder in the root of the project.

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  • Why unsigned int contained negative number

    - by Daziplqa
    Hi All, I am new to C, What I know about unsigned numerics (unsigned short, int and longs), that It contains positive numbers only, but the following simple program successfully assigned a negative number to an unsigned int: 1 /* 2 * ===================================================================================== 3 * 4 * Filename: prog4.c 5 * 6 * ===================================================================================== 7 */ 8 9 #include <stdio.h> 10 11 int main(void){ 12 13 int v1 =0, v2=0; 14 unsigned int sum; 15 16 v1 = 10; 17 v2 = 20; 18 19 sum = v1 - v2; 20 21 printf("The subtraction of %i from %i is %i \n" , v1, v2, sum); 22 23 return 0; 24 } The output is : The subtraction of 10 from 20 is -10

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  • Android - MapView contained within a Listview

    - by Ryan
    Hello, Currently I am trying to place a MapView within a ListView. Has anyone had any success with this? Is it even possible? Here is my code: ListView myList = (ListView) findViewById(android.R.id.list); List<Map<String, Object>> groupData = new ArrayList<Map<String, Object>>(); Map<String, Object> curGroupMap = new HashMap<String, Object>(); groupData.add(curGroupMap); curGroupMap.put("ICON", R.drawable.back_icon); curGroupMap.put("NAME","Go Back"); curGroupMap.put("VALUE","By clicking here"); Iterator it = data.entrySet().iterator(); while (it.hasNext()) { //Get the key name and value for it Map.Entry pair = (Map.Entry)it.next(); String keyName = (String) pair.getKey(); String value = pair.getValue().toString(); if (value != null) { //Add the parents -- aka main categories curGroupMap = new HashMap<String, Object>(); groupData.add(curGroupMap); //Push the correct Icon if (keyName.equalsIgnoreCase("Phone")) curGroupMap.put("ICON", R.drawable.phone_icon); else if (keyName.equalsIgnoreCase("Housing")) curGroupMap.put("ICON", R.drawable.house_icon); else if (keyName.equalsIgnoreCase("Website")) curGroupMap.put("ICON", R.drawable.web_icon); else if (keyName.equalsIgnoreCase("Area Snapshot")) curGroupMap.put("ICON", R.drawable.camera_icon); else if (keyName.equalsIgnoreCase("Overview")) curGroupMap.put("ICON", R.drawable.overview_icon); else if (keyName.equalsIgnoreCase("Location")) curGroupMap.put("ICON", R.drawable.map_icon); else curGroupMap.put("ICON", R.drawable.icon); //Pop on the Name and Value curGroupMap.put("NAME", keyName); curGroupMap.put("VALUE", value); } } curGroupMap = new HashMap<String, Object>(); groupData.add(curGroupMap); curGroupMap.put("ICON", R.drawable.back_icon); curGroupMap.put("NAME","Go Back"); curGroupMap.put("VALUE","By clicking here"); //Set up adapter mAdapter = new SimpleAdapter( mContext, groupData, R.layout.exp_list_parent, new String[] { "ICON", "NAME", "VALUE" }, new int[] { R.id.photoAlbumImg, R.id.rowText1, R.id.rowText2 } ); myList.setAdapter(mAdapter); //Bind the adapter to the list Thanks in advance for your help!!

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  • Dictionary keys don't contain a key that's already contained in keys

    - by ran
    Why is the following 'exist' boolean variable getting a value of false??? foreach (Cell existCell in this.decoratorByCell.Keys) { //this call yield the same hashcode for both cells. still exist==false bool exist = this.decoratorByCell.ContainsKey(existCell); } I've overridden GetHashCode() & Equals() Methods as follows: public override int GetHashCode() { string nodePath = GetNodePath(); return nodePath.GetHashCode() + m_ownerColumn.GetHashCode(); } public bool Equals(Cell other) { bool nodesEqual = (other.OwnerNode == null && this.OwnerNode == null) || (other.GetNodePath() == this.GetNodePath()); bool columnsEqual = (other.OwnerColumn == null && this.OwnerColumn == null) || (other.OwnerColumn == this.OwnerColumn); bool treesEqual = (this.m_ownerTree == other.m_ownerTree); return (nodesEqual && columnsEqual && treesEqual); }

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  • ASP.net Create Self re-caching objects?

    - by BlackTea
    How can i make a cached object re-cache it self with updated info when the cache has expired? I'm trying to prevent the next user who request the cache to have to deal with getting the data setting the cache then using it is there any background method/event i can tie the object to so that when it expires it just calls the method it self and self-caches.

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  • Download all image or create zip file of all uploads from the gallary contained uploads

    - by Arpit Vaishnav
    I am on the photo sharing site , and i want to give functionality to download all the images available in the gallery ,, I have taken gallery in a relation where i can get all the iamges by @gallery.uploads , Now what i want is to download this all files , or if its possible to create any zipfile so that we can download that one file containing uploads inside the gallery , thanks

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  • Windows Phone app: Binding data in a UserControl which is contained in a ListBox

    - by Alexandros Dafkos
    I have an "AddressListBox" ListBox that contains "AddressDetails" UserControl items, as shown in the .xaml file extract below. The Addresses collection is defined as ObservableCollection< Address Addresses and Street, Number, PostCode, City are properties of the Address class. The binding fails, when I use the "{Binding property}" syntax shown below. The binding succeeds, when I use the "dummy" strings in the commented-out code. I have also tried "{Binding Path=property}" syntax without success. Can you suggest what syntax I should use for binding the data in the user controls? <ListBox x:Name="AddressListBox" DataContext="{StaticResource dataSettings}" ItemsSource="{Binding Path=Addresses, Mode=TwoWay}"> <ListBox.ItemTemplate> <DataTemplate> <!-- <usercontrols:AddressDetails AddressRoad="dummy" AddressNumber="dummy2" AddressPostCode="dummy3" AddressCity="dummy4"> </usercontrols:AddressDetails> --> <usercontrols:AddressDetails AddressRoad="{Binding Street}" AddressNumber="{Binding Number}" AddressPostCode="{Binding PostCode}" AddressCity="{Binding City}"> </usercontrols:AddressDetails> </DataTemplate> </ListBox.ItemTemplate> </ListBox>

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