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  • Rendering different materials in a voxel terrain

    - by MaelmDev
    Each voxel datapoint in my terrain model is made up of two properties: density and material type. Each is stored as an unsigned integer value (but the density is interpreted as a decimal value between 0 and 1). My current idea for rendering these different materials on the terrain mesh is to store eleven extra attributes in each vertex: six material values corresponding to the materials of the voxels that the vertices lie between, three decimal values that correspond to the interpolation each vertex has between each voxel, and two decimal values that are used to determine where the fragment lies on the triangle. The material and interpolation attributes are the exact same for each vertex in the triangle. The fragment shader samples each texture that corresponds to each material and then uses the aforementioned couple of decimal values to interpolate between these samples and obtain the final textured color of the fragment. It should work fine, but it seems like a big memory hog. I won't be able to reuse vertices in the mesh with indexing, and each vertex will have a lot of data associated with it. It also seems pretty slow. What are some ways to improve or replace this technique for drawing materials on a voxel terrain mesh?

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  • Dealing with 2D pixel shaders and SpriteBatches in XNA 4.0 component-object game engine?

    - by DaveStance
    I've got a bit of experience with shaders in general, having implemented a couple, very simple, 3D fragment and vertex shaders in OpenGL/WebGL in the past. Currently, I'm working on a 2D game engine in XNA 4.0 and I'm struggling with the process of integrating per-object and full-scene shaders in my current architecture. I'm using a component-entity design, wherein my "Entities" are merely collections of components that are acted upon by discreet system managers (SpatialProvider, SceneProvider, etc). In the context of this question, my draw call looks something like this: SceneProvider::Draw(GameTime) calls... ComponentManager::Draw(GameTime, SpriteBatch) which calls (on each drawable component) DrawnComponent::Draw(GameTime, SpriteBatch) The SpriteBatch is set up, with the default SpriteBatch shader, in the SceneProvider class just before it tells the ComponentManager to start rendering the scene. From my understanding, if a component needs to use a special shader to draw itself, it must do the following when it's Draw(GameTime, SpriteBatch) method is invoked: public void Draw(GameTime gameTime, SpriteBatch spriteBatch) { spriteBatch.End(); spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.Immediate, BlendState.AlphaBlend, null, null, null, EffectShader, ViewMatrix); // Draw things here that are shaded by the "EffectShader." spriteBatch.End(); spriteBatch.Begin(/* same settings that were set by SceneProvider to ensure the rest of the scene is rendered normally */); } My question is, having been told that numerous calls to SpriteBatch.Begin() and SpriteBatch.End() within a single frame was terrible for performance, is there a better way to do this? Is there a way to instruct the currently running SpriteBatch to simply change the Effect shader it is using for this particular draw call and then switch it back before the function ends?

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  • What is UVIndex and how do I use it on OpenGL?

    - by Delta
    I am a noob in OpenGL ES 2.0 (for WebGL) and I'm trying to draw a simple model I've made with a 3D tool and exported to .fbx format. I've been able to draw some models that only have: A vertex buffer, a index buffer for the vertices, a normal buffer and a texture coordinate buffer, but this model now has a "UVIndex" and I'm not sure where am I supposed to put this UVIndex. My code looks like this: GL.bindBuffer(GL.ARRAY_BUFFER, this.Model.House.VertexBuffer); GL.vertexAttribPointer(this.Shader.TextureAndLighting.Attribute["vPosition"],3,GL.FLOAT, false, 0, 0); GL.bindBuffer(GL.ARRAY_BUFFER, this.Model.House.NormalBuffer); GL.vertexAttribPointer(this.Shader.TextureAndLighting.Attribute["vNormal"], 3, GL.FLOAT, false, 0, 0); GL.bindBuffer(GL.ARRAY_BUFFER, this.Model.House.TexCoordBuffer); GL.vertexAttribPointer(this.Shader.TextureAndLighting.Attribute["TexCoord"], 2, GL.FLOAT, false, 0, 0); GL.bindBuffer(GL.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, this.Model.House.IndexBuffer); GL.bindTexture(GL.TEXTURE_2D, this.Texture.HTex1); GL.activeTexture(GL.TEXTURE0); GL.drawElements(GL.TRIANGLES, this.Model.House.IndexBuffer.Length, GL.UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0); But my model renders totally incorrect and I think it has to do with the fact that I am ignoring this "UVIndex" in the .fbx file, since I've never drawn any model that uses this UVIndex I really have no clue on what to do with it. This is the json file containing the model's data: http://pastebin.com/raw.php?i=G294TVmz

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  • Managing constant buffers without FX interface

    - by xcrypt
    I am aware that there is a sample on working without FX in the samplebrowser, and I already checked that one. However, some questions arise: In the sample: D3DXMATRIXA16 mWorldViewProj; D3DXMATRIXA16 mWorld; D3DXMATRIXA16 mView; D3DXMATRIXA16 mProj; mWorld = g_World; mView = g_View; mProj = g_Projection; mWorldViewProj = mWorld * mView * mProj; VS_CONSTANT_BUFFER* pConstData; g_pConstantBuffer10->Map( D3D10_MAP_WRITE_DISCARD, NULL, ( void** )&pConstData ); pConstData->mWorldViewProj = mWorldViewProj; pConstData->fTime = fBoundedTime; g_pConstantBuffer10->Unmap(); They are copying their D3DXMATRIX'es to D3DXMATRIXA16. Checked on msdn, these new matrices are 16 byte aligned and optimised for intel pentium 4. So as my first question: 1) Is it necessary to copy matrices to D3DXMATRIXA16 before sending them to the constant buffer? And if no, why don't we just use D3DXMATRIXA16 all the time? I have another question about managing multiple constant buffers within one shader. Suppose that, within your shader, you have multiple constant buffers that need to be updated at different times: cbuffer cbNeverChanges { matrix View; }; cbuffer cbChangeOnResize { matrix Projection; }; cbuffer cbChangesEveryFrame { matrix World; float4 vMeshColor; }; Then how would I set these buffers all at different times? g_pd3dDevice->VSSetConstantBuffers( 0, 1, &g_pConstantBuffer10 ); gives me the possibility to set multiple buffers, but that is within one call. 2) Is that okay even if my constant buffers are updated at different times? And do I suppose I have to make sure the constantbuffers are in the same position in the array as the order they appear in the shader?

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  • Alternative to NV Occlusion Query - getting the number of fragments which passed the depth test

    - by Etan
    In "modern" environments, the "NV Occlusion Query" extension provide a method to get the number of fragments which passed the depth test. However, on the iPad / iPhone using OpenGL ES, the extension is not available. What is the most performant approach to implement a similar behaviour in the fragment shader? Some of my ideas: Render the object completely in white, then count all the colors together using a two-pass shader where first a vertical line is rendered and for each fragment the shader computes the sum over the whole row. Then, a single vertex is rendered whose fragment sums all the partial sums of the first pass. Doesn't seem to be very efficient. Render the object completely in white over a black background. Downsample recursively, abusing the hardware linear interpolation between textures until being at a reasonably small resolution. This leads to fragments which have a greyscale level depending on the number of white pixels where in their corresponding region. Is this even accurate enough? ... ?

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  • How can I mark a pixel in the stencil buffer?

    - by János Turánszki
    I never used the stencil buffer for anything until now, but I want to change this. I have an idea of how it should work: the gpu discards or keeps rasterized pixels before the pixel shader based on the stencil buffer value on the given position and some stencil operation. What I don't know is how would I mark a pixel in the stencil buffer with a specific value. For example I draw my scene and want to mark everything which is drawn with a specific material (this material could be looked up from a texture so ideally I should mark the pixel in the pixel shader), so that later when I do some post processing on my scene I would only do it on the marked pixels. I didn't find anything on the internet besides how to set up a stencil buffer and explaining the different stencil operations. I was expecting to find some System-Value semantics like SV_Depth to write to in the pixel shader (because the stencil buffer shares the same resource with the depth buffer in D3D11), but there is no such thing on MSDN. So how should I do this? If I am misunderstanding something please help me clear that up.

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  • problems texture mapping in modern OpenGL 3.3 using GLSL #version 150

    - by RubyKing
    Hi all I'm trying to do texture mapping using Modern OpenGL and GLSL 150. The problem is the texture shows but has this weird flicker I can show a video here http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xbzw_LMxlHw and I have everything setup best I can have my texcords in my vertex array sent up to opengl I have my fragment color set to the texture values and texel values I have my vertex sending the textures cords to texture cordinates to be used in the fragment shader I have my ins and outs setup and I still don't know what I'm missing that could be causing that flicker. here is my code FRAGMENT SHADER #version 150 uniform sampler2D texture; in vec2 texture_coord; varying vec3 texture_coordinate; void main(void){ gl_FragColor = texture(texture, texture_coord); } VERTEX SHADER #version 150 in vec4 position; out vec2 texture_coordinate; out vec2 texture_coord; uniform vec3 translations; void main() { texture_coord = (texture_coordinate); gl_Position = vec4(position.xyz + translations.xyz, 1.0); } Last bit here is my vertex array with texture cordinates GLfloat vVerts[] = { 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f , 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f}; //tex x and y HERE IS THE ACTUAL FULL SOURCE CODE if you need to see all the code in its fullest glory here is a link to every file http://ideone.com/7kQN3 thank you for your help

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  • Light on every model and not in the whole scene

    - by alecnash
    I am using a custom shader and try to pass the effect on my Models like that: foreach (ModelMesh mesh in Model.Meshes) { foreach (ModelMeshPart part in mesh.MeshParts) { part.Effect = effect; } mesh.Draw(); } My only issue is that every Model now has its own light source in it. Why is this happening and is this a problem of my shader? Edit: These are the parameters passed to the shader: private void Get_lambertEffect() { if (_lambertEffect == null) _lambertEffect = Engine.LambertEffect; //Lambert technique (LambertWithShadows, LambertWithShadows2x2PCF, LambertWithShadows3x3PCF) _lambertEffect.CurrentTechnique = _lambertEffect.Techniques["LambertWithShadows3x3PCF"]; _lambertEffect.Parameters["texelSize"].SetValue(Engine.ShadowMap.TexelSize); //ShadowMap parameters _lambertEffect.Parameters["lightViewProjection"].SetValue(Engine.ShadowMap.LightViewProjectionMatrix); _lambertEffect.Parameters["textureScaleBias"].SetValue(Engine.ShadowMap.TextureScaleBiasMatrix); _lambertEffect.Parameters["depthBias"].SetValue(Engine.ShadowMap.DepthBias); _lambertEffect.Parameters["shadowMap"].SetValue(Engine.ShadowMap.ShadowMapTexture); //Camera view and projection parameters _lambertEffect.Parameters["view"].SetValue(Engine._camera.ViewMatrix); _lambertEffect.Parameters["projection"].SetValue(Engine._camera.ProjectionMatrix); _lambertEffect.Parameters["world"].SetValue( Matrix.CreateScale(Size) * world ); //Light and color _lambertEffect.Parameters["lightDir"].SetValue(Engine._sourceLight.Direction); _lambertEffect.Parameters["lightColor"].SetValue(Engine._sourceLight.Color); _lambertEffect.Parameters["materialAmbient"].SetValue(Engine.Material.Ambient); _lambertEffect.Parameters["materialDiffuse"].SetValue(Engine.Material.Diffuse); _lambertEffect.Parameters["colorMap"].SetValue(ColorTexture.Create(Engine.GraphicsDevice, Color.Red)); }

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  • Google indexed the same page under two URLs (despite rel-canonical)

    - by unor
    The Super User question "Playing mp3 in quodlibet displays “GStreamer output pipeline could not be initialized” error" is indexed under two URLs in Google: http://superuser.com/questions/651591/playing-mp3-in-quodlibet-displays-gstreamer-output-pipeline-could-not-be-initia http://superuser.com/questions/651591/playing-mp3-in-quodlibet-displays-gstreamer-output-pipeline-could-not-be-initia/652058 The first one is the canonical one; the corresponding rel-canonical is included in both pages: <link rel="canonical" href="http://superuser.com/questions/651591/playing-mp3-in-quodlibet-displays-gstreamer-output-pipeline-could-not-be-initia" /> Google also indexed http://superuser.com/a/652058, which redirects to the answer: http://superuser.com/questions/651591/playing-mp3-in-quodlibet-displays-gstreamer-output-pipeline-could-not-be-initia/652058#652058 Now, the second URL from above is the same as this one minus the fragment #652058. So Google seems to strip the fragment, which results in exactly the same page under another URL (= containing the answer ID /652058 as suffix), and indexes it, too -- despite rel-canonical and duplicate content. Shouldn’t Google recognize this and only index the canonical variant? And what could be the reason why Stack Exchange includes the answer ID in the URL path, and not only in the fragment (resulting in various URL variants for the same page)?

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  • Achieve anisotropic filtering

    - by fedab
    I want to set anisotropic filtering to my scene. I use SharpDX (DirectX 11) and C#. How do i set up anisotropic filtering in my shader? Currently i try that in the shader: Texture2D tex; sampler textureSampler = sampler_state { Texture = (tex); MipFilter = Anisotropic; MagFilter = Anisotropic; MinFilter = Anisotropic; MaxAnisotropy = 16; }; float4 PShader(float4 position : SV_POSITION, float4 color:COLOR, float2 tex0 : TEXCOORD0) : SV_TARGET { float4 textureColor; textureColor = tex.Sample(textureSampler, tex0) * color; return textureColor; } I get my object, textured, but it is not filtered anisotropic. I can write everything in the Parameters, even invalid things and i don't get any errors. The result is the same, objects without applied anisotropic filtering. Do i have to set that in the shader? Can i do that also with SamplerState? I tested that but i didn't get a result too. Some steps what i have to set would be helpful.

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  • Why using Fragments?

    - by ahmed_khan_89
    I have read the documentation and some other questions' threads about this topic and I don't really feel convinced; I don't see clearly the limits of use of this technique. Fragments are now seen as a Best Practice; every Activity should be basically a support for one or more Fragments and not call a layout directly. Fragments are created in order to: allow the Activity to use many fragments, to change between them, to reuse these units... == the Fragment is totally dependent to the Context of an activity , so if I need something generic that I can reuse and handle in many Activities, I can create my own custom layouts or Views ... I will not care about this additional Complexity Developing Layer that fragments would add. a better handling to different resolution == OK for tablets/phones in case of long process that we can show two (or more) fragments in the same Activity in Tablets, and one by one in phones. But why would I use fragments always ? handling callbacks to navigate between Fragments (i.e: if the user is Logged-in I show a fragment else I show another fragment). === Just try to see how many bugs facebook SDK Log-in have because of this, to understand that it is really (?) ... considering that an Android Application is based on Activities... Adding another life cycles in the Activity would be better to design an Application... I mean the modules, the scenarios, the data management and the connectivity would be better designed, in that way. === This is an answer of someone who's used to see the Android SDK and Android Framework with a Fragments vision. I don't think it's wrong, but I am not sure it will give good results... And it is really abstract... ==== Why would I complicate my life, coding more, in using them always? else, why is it a best practice if it's just a tool for some cases? what are these cases?

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  • Cannot create Desktop shortcut

    - by Pantelis
    I have a WiX project and I want to automatically create a ProgramMenu and Desktop shortcut. I've tried the following but the Desktop shortcut is not created. The ProgramMenu shortcut works great. <Product Id="*" Name="Application Name" Language="1033" Version="1.0.0.0" Manufacturer="Company Name"> <Package InstallerVersion="200" Compressed="yes" InstallScope="perMachine" Description="A description" Comments="Some Comments" /> <MajorUpgrade DowngradeErrorMessage="A newer version of [ProductName] is already installed." /> <MediaTemplate EmbedCab="yes"/> <!-- Minimal UI --> <UIRef Id="WixUI_Minimal"/> <!-- Adding the referenced components --> <Feature Id="Complete" Title="inStorHDRadio Complete" Level="1"> <ComponentGroupRef Id="InstallationComponents" /> <ComponentRef Id="ApplicationProgramsMenuShortcut"/> <ComponentRef Id="ApplicationDesktopShortcut"/> </Feature> </Product> <Fragment> <Directory Id="TARGETDIR" Name="SourceDir"> <!-- Installation Folder --> <Directory Id="ProgramFilesFolder"> <Directory Id="CompanyFolder" Name="CompanyName"> <Directory Id="InstallationFolder" Name="ApplicationName"/> </Directory> </Directory> <!-- Programs Menu Shortcut Folder --> <Directory Id="ProgramMenuFolder" Name="ProgramsMenu"> <Directory Id="ProgramsMenuCompanyFolder" Name="CompanyName"> <Directory Id="ProgramsMenuShortcutFolder" Name="ApplicationName"/> </Directory> </Directory> <!-- Desktop Shortcut Folder --> <Directory Id="DesktopShortcutFolder" Name="Desktop"/> </Directory> </Fragment> <!-- Compoments --> <Fragment> <ComponentGroup Id="inStorHDRadioComponents" Directory="InstallationFolder"> <!-- All application components in Program Files --> </ComponentGroup> <!-- SHORTCUTS --> <!--ProgramsMenu--> <DirectoryRef Id='ProgramsMenuShortcutFolder'> <Component Id='ApplicationProgramsMenuShortcut'> <RemoveFolder Id='RemoveProgramsMenuShortcutFolder' Directory='ProgramsMenuShortcutFolder' On='uninstall' /> <RemoveFolder Id='RemoveProgramsMenuCompanyFolder' Directory='ProgramsMenuCompanyFolder' On='uninstall' /> <Shortcut Id='ApplicationProgramsMenuShortcut' Name='Company Name' Target='[#Application.exe]' WorkingDirectory='InstallationFolder' Icon='application.ico' /> <RegistryValue Name='RegistryValueProgramMenuShortcut' Root='HKCU' Key='Software\Microsoft\[Manufacturer]\[ProductName]' Type='integer' Value='1' /> </Component> </DirectoryRef> <!--Desktop--> <DirectoryRef Id='DesktopShortcutFolder'> <Component Id='ApplicationDesktopShortcut'> <RemoveFolder Id='RemoveDesktopShortcutFolder' Directory='DesktopShortcutFolder' On='uninstall'/> <Shortcut Id='ApplicationDesktopShortcut' Name='Application Name' Target='[#Bootstrapper.exe]' WorkingDirectory='InstallationFolder' Directory='DesktopShortcutFolder' Advertise='no' Icon='application.ico'/> <RegistryValue Name='RegistryValDesktopShortcut' Root='HKCU' Key='Software\[Manufacturer]\[ProductName]' KeyPath='yes' Type='integer' Value='1' /> </Component> </DirectoryRef> </Fragment> <Fragment> <Icon Id="application.ico" SourceFile="Files\application.ico" /> <Icon Id="programs.ico" SourceFile="Files\programs.ico"/> <Property Id="ARPPRODUCTICON" Value="programs.ico" /> <Property Id="ARPHELPLINK" Value="http://www.company.com" /> </Fragment> Whats wrong with the code? The ProgramMenu shortcut is working perfectly fine, but the desktop one is not getting created.

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  • Speeding up procedural texture generation

    - by FalconNL
    Recently I've begun working on a game that takes place in a procedurally generated solar system. After a bit of a learning curve (having neither worked with Scala, OpenGL 2 ES or Libgdx before), I have a basic tech demo going where you spin around a single procedurally textured planet: The problem I'm running into is the performance of the texture generation. A quick overview of what I'm doing: a planet is a cube that has been deformed to a sphere. To each side, a n x n (e.g. 256 x 256) texture is applied, which are bundled in one 8n x n texture that is sent to the fragment shader. The last two spaces are not used, they're only there to make sure the width is a power of 2. The texture is currently generated on the CPU, using the updated 2012 version of the simplex noise algorithm linked to in the paper 'Simplex noise demystified'. The scene I'm using to test the algorithm contains two spheres: the planet and the background. Both use a greyscale texture consisting of six octaves of 3D simplex noise, so for example if we choose 128x128 as the texture size there are 128 x 128 x 6 x 2 x 6 = about 1.2 million calls to the noise function. The closest you will get to the planet is about what's shown in the screenshot and since the game's target resolution is 1280x720 that means I'd prefer to use 512x512 textures. Combine that with the fact the actual textures will of course be more complicated than basic noise (There will be a day and night texture, blended in the fragment shader based on sunlight, and a specular mask. I need noise for continents, terrain color variation, clouds, city lights, etc.) and we're looking at something like 512 x 512 x 6 x 3 x 15 = 70 million noise calls for the planet alone. In the final game, there will be activities when traveling between planets, so a wait of 5 or 10 seconds, possibly 20, would be acceptable since I can calculate the texture in the background while traveling, though obviously the faster the better. Getting back to our test scene, performance on my PC isn't too terrible, though still too slow considering the final result is going to be about 60 times worse: 128x128 : 0.1s 256x256 : 0.4s 512x512 : 1.7s This is after I moved all performance-critical code to Java, since trying to do so in Scala was a lot worse. Running this on my phone (a Samsung Galaxy S3), however, produces a more problematic result: 128x128 : 2s 256x256 : 7s 512x512 : 29s Already far too long, and that's not even factoring in the fact that it'll be minutes instead of seconds in the final version. Clearly something needs to be done. Personally, I see a few potential avenues, though I'm not particularly keen on any of them yet: Don't precalculate the textures, but let the fragment shader calculate everything. Probably not feasible, because at one point I had the background as a fullscreen quad with a pixel shader and I got about 1 fps on my phone. Use the GPU to render the texture once, store it and use the stored texture from then on. Upside: might be faster than doing it on the CPU since the GPU is supposed to be faster at floating point calculations. Downside: effects that cannot (easily) be expressed as functions of simplex noise (e.g. gas planet vortices, moon craters, etc.) are a lot more difficult to code in GLSL than in Scala/Java. Calculate a large amount of noise textures and ship them with the application. I'd like to avoid this if at all possible. Lower the resolution. Buys me a 4x performance gain, which isn't really enough plus I lose a lot of quality. Find a faster noise algorithm. If anyone has one I'm all ears, but simplex is already supposed to be faster than perlin. Adopt a pixel art style, allowing for lower resolution textures and fewer noise octaves. While I originally envisioned the game in this style, I've come to prefer the realistic approach. I'm doing something wrong and the performance should already be one or two orders of magnitude better. If this is the case, please let me know. If anyone has any suggestions, tips, workarounds, or other comments regarding this problem I'd love to hear them.

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  • Problems with texture orientation in space

    - by frankie
    I am currently drawing texture in 3D space and have some problems with it's orientation. I'd like me textures always to be oriented with front face to user. My desirable result looks like Note, that text size stay without changes when we rotating world and stay oriented with front face to user. Now I can draw text in 3D space, but it is not oriented with front but rotating with world. Such results I got with following shaders: Vertex Shader uniform vec3 Position; void main() { gl_Position = vec4(Position, 1.0); } Geometry Shader layout(points) in; layout(triangle_strip, max_vertices = 4) out; out vec2 fsTextureCoordinates; uniform mat4 projectionMatrix; uniform mat4 modelViewMatrix; uniform sampler2D og_texture0; uniform float og_highResolutionSnapScale; uniform vec2 u_originScale; void main() { vec2 halfSize = vec2(textureSize(og_texture0, 0)) * 0.5 * og_highResolutionSnapScale; vec4 center = gl_in[0].gl_Position; center.xy += (u_originScale * halfSize); vec4 v0 = vec4(center.xy - halfSize, center.z, 1.0); vec4 v1 = vec4(center.xy + vec2(halfSize.x, -halfSize.y), center.z, 1.0); vec4 v2 = vec4(center.xy + vec2(-halfSize.x, halfSize.y), center.z, 1.0); vec4 v3 = vec4(center.xy + halfSize, center.z, 1.0); gl_Position = projectionMatrix * modelViewMatrix * v0; fsTextureCoordinates = vec2(0.0, 0.0); EmitVertex(); gl_Position = projectionMatrix * modelViewMatrix * v1; fsTextureCoordinates = vec2(1.0, 0.0); EmitVertex(); gl_Position = projectionMatrix * modelViewMatrix * v2; fsTextureCoordinates = vec2(0.0, 1.0); EmitVertex(); gl_Position = projectionMatrix * modelViewMatrix * v3; fsTextureCoordinates = vec2(1.0, 1.0); EmitVertex(); } Fragment Shader in vec2 fsTextureCoordinates; out vec4 fragmentColor; uniform sampler2D og_texture0; uniform vec3 u_color; void main() { vec4 color = texture(og_texture0, fsTextureCoordinates); if (color.a == 0.0) { discard; } fragmentColor = vec4(color.rgb * u_color.rgb, color.a); } Any ideas how to get my desirable result? EDIT 1: I make edit in my geometry shader and got part of lable drawn on screen at corner. But it is not rotating. .......... vec4 centerProjected = projectionMatrix * modelViewMatrix * center; centerProjected /= centerProjected.w; vec4 v0 = vec4(centerProjected.xy - halfSize, 0.0, 1.0); vec4 v1 = vec4(centerProjected.xy + vec2(halfSize.x, -halfSize.y), 0.0, 1.0); vec4 v2 = vec4(centerProjected.xy + vec2(-halfSize.x, halfSize.y), 0.0, 1.0); vec4 v3 = vec4(centerProjected.xy + halfSize, 0.0, 1.0); gl_Position = og_viewportOrthographicMatrix * v0; ..........

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  • Computing a normal matrix in conjunction with gluLookAt

    - by Chris Smith
    I have a hand-rolled camera class that converts yaw, pitch, and roll angles into a forward, side, and up vector suitable for calling gluLookAt. Using this camera class I can modify the model-view matrix to move about the 3D world just fine. However, I am having trouble when using this camera class (and associated model-view matrix) when trying to perform directional lighting in my vertex shader. The problem is that the light direction, (0, 1, 0) for example, is relative to where the 'camera is looking' and not the actual world coordinates. (Or is this eye coordinates vs. model coordinates?) I would like the light direction to be unaffected by the camera's viewing direction. For example, when the camera is looking down the Z axis the ground is lit correctly. However, if I point the camera straight at the ground, then it goes dark. This is (I think) because the light direction is parallel with the camera's 'up' vector which is perpendicular with the ground's normal vector. I tried computing the normal matrix without taking the camera's model view into account, but then none of my objects were rotated correctly. Sorry if this sounds vague. I suspect there is a straight forward answer, but I'm not 100% clear on how the normal matrix should be used for transforming vertex normals in my vertex shader. For reference, here is pseudo code for my rendering loop: pMatrix = new Matrix(); pMatrix = makePerspective(...) mvMatrix = new Matrix() camera.apply(mvMatrix); // Calls gluLookAt // Move the object into position. mvMatrix.translatev(position); mvMatrix.rotatef(rotation.x, 1, 0, 0); mvMatrix.rotatef(rotation.y, 0, 1, 0); mvMatrix.rotatef(rotation.z, 0, 0, 1); var nMatrix = new Matrix(); nMatrix.set(mvMatrix.get().getInverse().getTranspose()); // Set vertex shader uniforms. gl.uniformMatrix4fv(shaderProgram.pMatrixUniform, false, new Float32Array(pMatrix.getFlattened())); gl.uniformMatrix4fv(shaderProgram.mvMatrixUniform, false, new Float32Array(mvMatrix.getFlattened())); gl.uniformMatrix4fv(shaderProgram.nMatrixUniform, false, new Float32Array(nMatrix.getFlattened())); // ... gl.drawElements(gl.TRIANGLES, this.vertexIndexBuffer.numItems, gl.UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0); And the corresponding vertex shader: // Attributes attribute vec3 aVertexPosition; attribute vec4 aVertexColor; attribute vec3 aVertexNormal; // Uniforms uniform mat4 uMVMatrix; uniform mat4 uNMatrix; uniform mat4 uPMatrix; // Varyings varying vec4 vColor; // Constants const vec3 LIGHT_DIRECTION = vec3(0, 1, 0); // Opposite direction of photons. const vec4 AMBIENT_COLOR = vec4 (0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 1.0); float ComputeLighting() { vec4 transformedNormal = vec4(aVertexNormal.xyz, 1.0); transformedNormal = uNMatrix * transformedNormal; float base = dot(normalize(transformedNormal.xyz), normalize(LIGHT_DIRECTION)); return max(base, 0.0); } void main(void) { gl_Position = uPMatrix * uMVMatrix * vec4(aVertexPosition, 1.0); float lightWeight = ComputeLighting(); vColor = vec4(aVertexColor.xyz * lightWeight, 1.0) + AMBIENT_COLOR; } Note that I am using WebGL, so if the anser is use glFixThisProblem(...) any pointers on how to re-implement that on WebGL if missing would be appreciated.

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  • C++ OpenGL wireframe cube rendering blank

    - by caleb.breckon
    I'm just trying to draw a bunch of lines that make up a "cube". I can't for the life of me figure out why this is producing a black screen. The debugger does not break at any point. I'm sure it's a problem with my pointers, as I'm only decent at them in regular c++ and in OpenGL it gets even worse. const char* vertexSource = "#version 150\n" "in vec3 position;" "void main() {" " gl_Position = vec4(position, 1.0);" "}"; const char* fragmentSource = "#version 150\n" "out vec4 outColor;" "void main() {" " outColor = vec4(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);" "}"; int main() { initializeGLFW(); // Initialize GLEW glewExperimental = GL_TRUE; glewInit(); // Create Vertex Array Object GLuint vao; glGenVertexArrays(1, &vao); glBindVertexArray(vao); // Create a Vertex Buffer Object and copy the vertex data to it GLuint vbo; glGenBuffers( 1, &vbo ); float vertices[] = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // Vertex 0 (X, Y, Z) -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // Vertex 1 (X, Y, Z) -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, // Vertex 2 (X, Y, Z) 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, // Vertex 3 (X, Y, Z) 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, // Vertex 4 (X, Y, Z) -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, // Vertex 5 (X, Y, Z) -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, // Vertex 6 (X, Y, Z) 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f // Vertex 7 (X, Y, Z) }; GLuint indices[] = { 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 0, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 4, 0, 4, 1, 5, 2, 6, 3, 7 }; glBindBuffer( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo ); glBufferData( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof( vertices ), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW ); //glBindBuffer( GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo); //glBufferData( GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof( indices ), indices, GL_STATIC_DRAW ); // Create and compile the vertex shader GLuint vertexShader = glCreateShader( GL_VERTEX_SHADER ); glShaderSource( vertexShader, 1, &vertexSource, NULL ); glCompileShader( vertexShader ); // Create and compile the fragment shader GLuint fragmentShader = glCreateShader( GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER ); glShaderSource( fragmentShader, 1, &fragmentSource, NULL ); glCompileShader( fragmentShader ); // Link the vertex and fragment shader into a shader program GLuint shaderProgram = glCreateProgram(); glAttachShader( shaderProgram, vertexShader ); glAttachShader( shaderProgram, fragmentShader ); glBindFragDataLocation( shaderProgram, 0, "outColor" ); glLinkProgram (shaderProgram); glUseProgram( shaderProgram); // Specify the layout of the vertex data GLint posAttrib = glGetAttribLocation( shaderProgram, "position" ); glEnableVertexAttribArray( posAttrib ); glVertexAttribPointer( posAttrib, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0 ); // Main loop while(glfwGetWindowParam(GLFW_OPENED)) { // Clear the screen to black glClearColor( 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ); glClear( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT ); // Draw lines from 2 vertices glDrawElements(GL_LINES, sizeof(indices), GL_UNSIGNED_INT, indices ); // Swap buffers glfwSwapBuffers(); } // Clean up glDeleteProgram( shaderProgram ); glDeleteShader( fragmentShader ); glDeleteShader( vertexShader ); //glDeleteBuffers( 1, &ebo ); glDeleteBuffers( 1, &vbo ); glDeleteVertexArrays( 1, &vao ); glfwTerminate(); exit( EXIT_SUCCESS ); }

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  • JSF ui:repeat and f:ajax giving wrong value for h:inputText after rerender.

    - by Andrew
    I have a list of questions and I can display them ok using a ui:repeat, but after clicking the Edit button the rerendered inputText is given the wrong question.id. For some reason, if you click Edit on the first item, the inputText value assigned is that of the second item in the list, even though other outputs (other than the h:inputText element) are correct. <h:form id="questionnaireForm"> <ui:repeat value="#{ProjectManager.currentProject.preQuestions}" var="question" varStatus="current" id="preQuestionsRepeat"> <div> <ui:fragment rendered="#{!question.editing}"> <f:ajax render="@form"> <p>#{question.id} #{question.questionText}</p> <h:inputText value="#{question.id}"/> <h:commandLink styleClass="link" action="#{question.setEditing}" value="Edit"> </h:commandLink> </f:ajax> </ui:fragment> </div> <div> <ui:fragment rendered="#{question.editing}"> <f:ajax render="@form"> <p>#{question.id} #{question.questionText}</p> <h:inputText value="#{question.id}"/> </f:ajax> </ui:fragment> </div> </ui:repeat> </h:form> Obviously I don't really want to edit the id. I just want the correct question.something to show up in my inputText :-) Perhaps I'm not using correctly? It seems fine according to my reading so far. Many thanks for your assistance.

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  • Android, FragmentActivity and prevent Swipe

    - by FIG-GHD742
    I use android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity for create a app with multi fragment/panels that can be access by drag/swipe between different part of the app. In one of my fragment I has a zoomable view and my problem is in case I is on the zoomable view I will prevent the use for drag/swipe to a other fragment. I has try to hack into android.support.v4.view.ViewPager for get the action from on Touch event but not work. I has try all of this case but not work: (All code is a a part of subclass to android.support.v4.view.ViewPager) Case 1: // Not working @Override protected void onPageScrolled(int position, float offset, int offsetPixels) { if (isPreventDrag()) { super.onPageScrolled(position, 1, 0); } else { super.onPageScrolled(position, offset, offsetPixels); } } Case 2: // Work but stop all event include the event to the target image view. @Override public boolean onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) { switch (ev.getAction()) { case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN: lastX = ev.getX(); // float lockScroll = false; return super.onInterceptTouchEvent(ev); case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE: this.lockScroll = this.isPreventDrag(); break; } if (lockScroll) { ev.setLocation(lastX, ev.getY()); return super.onInterceptTouchEvent(ev); } else { return super.onInterceptTouchEvent(ev); } } Case 3: // Work good, but by some unknown error I can drag the screen // some pixels before this stop the event. @Override public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) { if (this.isPreventDrag()) { return true; } else { return super.onTouchEvent(ev); } } I want a easy way to deactivate stop or deactivate if the use is allow to switch to a other Fragment. Here is a working code for me, I don't know what error I do before. // This work for me, @Override public boolean onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) { if (this.isPreventDrag()) { return false; } else { return super.onInterceptTouchEvent(ev); } }

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  • Removing elements using XSLT 1.0

    - by pmdarrow
    I'm attempting to remove Component elements from the XML below that have File children with the extension "config." I've managed to do this part, but I also need to remove the matching ComponentRef elements that have the same IDs as these Components. <Fragment> <DirectoryRef Id="MyWebsite"> <Component Id="Comp1"> <File Source="Web.config" /> </Component> <Component Id="Comp2"> <File Source="Default.aspx" /> </Component> </DirectoryRef> </Fragment> <Fragment> <ComponentGroup Id="MyWebsite"> <ComponentRef Id="Comp1" /> <ComponentRef Id="Comp2" /> </ComponentGroup> </Fragment> Based on other SO answers, I've come up with the following XSLT to remove these Component elements: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:output method="xml" indent="yes" /> <xsl:template match="Component[File[substring(@Source, string-length(@Source)- string-length('config') + 1) = 'config']]" /> <xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet> Unfortunately, this doesn't remove the matching ComponentRef elements. The XSLT will remove the component with the Id "Comp1" but not the ComponentRef with Id "Comp1". How do I achieve this using XSLT 1.0?

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  • jQuery Ajax load images problem

    - by jackysee
    I have a code that would call $.load() to get an HTML fragment. In the fragment there will be a list of images and a script that would do some calculation based on the list size. The fragment looks like <div> <ul> <li><img .../></li> <li><img .../></li> ... </ul> </div> <script> //... script to do calculation on the list width </script> Originally, I use css's max-width to ensure that the image would not exceed 180px. But as IE has no max-width, I use the expression hack. However, it seems when the image are first load, the script cannot get a correct width of image list. Seems like the script load earlier than the CSS expression. If it is a new page, I can certainly call $(window).load() to ensure all the images are loaded. But what can I do in an ajax html fragment request?

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  • Removing related elements using XSLT 1.0

    - by pmdarrow
    I'm attempting to remove Component elements from the XML below that have File children with the extension "config." I've managed to do this part, but I also need to remove the matching ComponentRef elements that have the same "Id" values as these Components. <Fragment> <DirectoryRef Id="MyWebsite"> <Component Id="Comp1"> <File Source="Web.config" /> </Component> <Component Id="Comp2"> <File Source="Default.aspx" /> </Component> </DirectoryRef> </Fragment> <Fragment> <ComponentGroup Id="MyWebsite"> <ComponentRef Id="Comp1" /> <ComponentRef Id="Comp2" /> </ComponentGroup> </Fragment> Based on other SO answers, I've come up with the following XSLT to remove these Component elements: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:output method="xml" indent="yes" /> <xsl:template match="Component[File[substring(@Source, string-length(@Source)- string-length('config') + 1) = 'config']]" /> <xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet> Unfortunately, this doesn't remove the matching ComponentRef elements (i.e. those that have the same "Id" values). The XSLT will remove the component with the Id "Comp1" but not the ComponentRef with Id "Comp1". How do I achieve this using XSLT 1.0?

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  • Ogre material scripts; how do I give a technique multiple lod_indexes?

    - by BlueNovember
    I have an Ogre material script that defines 4 rendering techniques. 1 using GLSL shaders, then 3 others that just use textures of different resolutions. I want to use the GLSL shader unconditionally if the graphics card supports it, and the other 3 textures depending on camera distance. At the moment my script is; material foo { lod_distances 1600 2000 technique shaders { lod_index 0 lod_index 1 lod_index 2 //various passes here } technique high_res { lod_index 0 //various passes here } technique medium_res { lod_index 1 //various passes here } technique low_res { lod_index 2 //various passes here } Extra information The Ogre manual says; Increasing indexes denote lower levels of detail You can (and often will) assign more than one technique to the same LOD index, what this means is that OGRE will pick the best technique of the ones listed at the same LOD index. OGRE determines which one is 'best' by which one is listed first. Currently, on a machine supporting the GLSL version I am using, the script behaves as follows; Camera 2000 : Shader technique Camera 1600 <= 2000 : Medium Camera <= 1600 : High If I change the lod order in shader technique to { lod_index 2 lod_index 1 lod_index 0 } The behaviour becomes; Camera 2000 : Low Camera 1600 <= 2000 : Medium Camera <= 1600 : Shader implying only the latest lod_index is used. If I change it to lod_index 0 1 2 It shouts at me Compiler error: fewer parameters expected in foo.material(#): lod_index only supports 1 argument So how do I specify a technique to have 3 lod_indexes? Duplication works; technique shaders { lod_index 0 //various passes here } technique shaders1 { lod_index 1 //passes repeated here } technique shaders2 { lod_index 2 //passes repeated here } ...but it's ugly.

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  • ANTLR : How to replace all characters defined as space with actual space

    - by Puneet Pawaia
    Hi All, My ANTLR code is as follow : LPARENTHESIS : ('('); RPARENTHESIS : (')'); fragment CHARACTER : ('a'..'z'|'0'..'9'|); fragment QUOTE : ('"'); fragment WILDCARD : ('*'); fragment SPACE : (' '|'\n'|'\r'|'\t'|'\u000C'|';'|':'|','); WILD_STRING : (CHARACTER)* ( ('?') (CHARACTER)* )+ ; PREFIX_STRING : (CHARACTER)+ ( ('*') )+ ; WS : (SPACE) { $channel=HIDDEN; }; PHRASE : (QUOTE)(LPARENTHESIS)?(WORD)(WILDCARD)?(RPARENTHESIS)?((SPACE)+(LPARENTHESIS)?(WORD)(WILDCARD)?(RPARENTHESIS)?)*(SPACE)+(QUOTE); WORD : (CHARACTER)+; What I would like to do is to replace all characters marked as space to be replaced with actual space character in the PHRASE. Also if possible, I would then like all continuous spaces to be represented by a single space. Any help would be most appreciated. For some reason, I am finding it hard to understand ANTLR. Any good tutorials out there ?

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  • How frequently IP packets are fragmented at the source host?

    - by Methos
    I know that if IP payload MTU then routers usually fragment the IP packet. Finally all the fragmented packets are assembled at the destination using the fields IP-ID, IP fragment offsets and fragmentation flags. Max length of IP payload is 64K. Thus its very plausible for L4 to hand over payload which is 64K. If the L2 protocol is Ethernet, which often is the case, then the MTU will be about 1600 bytes. Hence IP packet will be fragmented at the source host itself. However, a quick search about IP implementation in Linux tells me that in recent kernels, L4 protocols are fragment friendly i.e. they try to save the fragmentation work for IP by handing over buffers of size which is close to MTU. Considering these two facts, I am wondering about how frequently does the IP packet gets fragmented at the source host itself. Does it occur sometimes/rarely/never? Does anyone know if there are exceptions to the rule of fragmentation in linux kernel (i.e. are there situations where L4 protocols are not fragment friendly)? How is this handled in other common OSes like windows? In general how frequently IP packets are fragmented?

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  • Force orientation change in testcase with fragments

    - by user1202032
    I have an Android test project in which I wish to programatically change the orientation. My test: public class MainActivityLandscapeTest extends ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2<MainActivity> { public MainActivityLandscapeTest() { super(MainActivity.class); } private MainActivity mActivity; private Fragment mDetailFragment; private Fragment mListFragment; private Solo mSolo; @Override protected void setUp() throws Exception { super.setUp(); mSolo = new Solo(getInstrumentation(), getActivity()); mSolo.setActivityOrientation(Solo.LANDSCAPE); mActivity = getActivity(); mListFragment = (Fragment) mActivity.getSupportFragmentManager() .findFragmentById(R.id.listFragment); mDetailFragment = (Fragment) mActivity.getSupportFragmentManager() .findFragmentById(R.id.detailFragment); } public void testPreConditions() { assertTrue(mActivity != null); assertTrue(mSolo != null); assertTrue(mListFragment != null); assertTrue(getActivity().getResources().getConfiguration().orientation == Configuration.ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE); } /** * Only show detailFragment in landscape mode */ public void testOrientation() { assertTrue(mListFragment.isVisible()); assertTrue(mDetailFragment.isVisible()); } } The layouts for the activity is in seperate folders, layout-port and layout-land layout-port fragment_main.xml layout-land fragment_main.xml In landscape mode, the layout contains 2 fragments (Detail and list) while in portrait it contains 1(List only). If the device/emulator is already in landscape mode before testing begins, this test passes. If in portrait, it fails with a NullPointerException on mListFragment and mDetailFragment. Adding a delay (waitForIdleSync() and/or waitForActivity()) did NOT seem to solve my problem. How do i force the orientation to landscape in my test, while still being able to find the fragments using findFragmentById()?

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