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  • Interview question: difference between object and object-oriented languages.

    - by Bar
    My friend was asked the following question: what's the difference between object language and object-oriented language? It's a little unintelligible question. What does term «object language» correspond to? Does that mean «pure» object-oriented language, like the Wikipedia article says: Languages called "pure" OO languages, because everything in them is treated consistently as an object, from primitives such as characters and punctuation, all the way up to whole classes, prototypes, blocks, modules, etc. They were designed specifically to facilitate, even enforce, OO methods. Examples: Smalltalk, Eiffel, Ruby, JADE, VB.NET.

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  • Linux Kernel - Socket file descriptor close location

    - by NTek
    Where in the linux kernel does the closing of a socket's file descriptor occur? I know for a file, the file's file descriptor is closed in fs/open.cs function sys_close(). However, for a socket file descriptor, is this the same location or somewhere else? Also, do sockets utilize the file.c alloc_fd to allocate the file descriptor or do they utilize some other function?

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  • Is there any data missing?

    - by smwikipedia
    Hi experts, Here is some code quoted from Douglas.E.Comer's < Computer Networks and Internets 4th edition. This program will send back any data it received. ... while((len = recv(conn, buff, BUFFERSIZE,0)) >0) // receive data send(conn, buff, len, 0); // send it back ... I am wondering, what if some data arrived when the code is executing in send(..) function, will it miss that data? Because the recv() function is not being executed. If no data is missed, where is the data kept? And by whom? Thanks...

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  • Most efficient way for testing links

    - by Burnzy
    I'm currently developping an app that is going through all the files on a server and checking every single hrefs to check wether they are valid or not. Using a WebClient or a HttpWebRequest/HttpWebResponse is kinda overkilling the process because it downloads the whole page each time, which is useless, I only need to check if the link do not return 404. What would be the most efficient way? Socket seems to be a good way of doing it, however I'm not quite sure how this works. Thanks for sharing your expertise!

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  • Developing a project which is an implementation of an open standard/protocol

    - by dotnetdev
    Hi, A lot of interesting code/projects are implementations of protocols, eg SNMP. How are projects like these, which depend on implementing a certain format, developed? Is the process something like get the guidelines of the protocol and then implement code which follows it. For example, XML-RPC is about transmitting XML docs between client/server, so the documentation on this protocol must outline the structure of the XML documents and then the way the transportation between client and server works, so the coder will implement this sort of functionality (xml doc construction, networking between the client and server). Projects I am thinking of (not to develop) are C# libraries which can interpret .PSDs, make VHDs, etc. So if I was to develop a C# app to implement .AI files (Illustrator files), what would be the steps I would look at (such as contacting Adobe, etc)? Is this the way such projects are developed?

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  • What are the benefits of `while(condition) { //work }` and `do { //work } while(condition)`?

    - by Shaharyar
    I found myself confronted with an interview question where the goal was to write a sorting algorithm that sorts an array of unsorted int values: int[] unsortedArray = { 9, 6, 3, 1, 5, 8, 4, 2, 7, 0 }; Now I googled and found out that there are so many sorting algorithms out there! Finally I could motivate myself to dig into Bubble Sort because it seemed pretty simple to start with. I read the sample code and came to a solution looking like this: static int[] BubbleSort(ref int[] array) { long lastItemLocation = array.Length - 1; int temp; bool swapped; do { swapped = false; for (int itemLocationCounter = 0; itemLocationCounter < lastItemLocation; itemLocationCounter++) { if (array[itemLocationCounter] > array[itemLocationCounter + 1]) { temp = array[itemLocationCounter]; array[itemLocationCounter] = array[itemLocationCounter + 1]; array[itemLocationCounter + 1] = temp; swapped = true; } } } while (swapped); return array; } I clearly see that this is a situation where the do { //work } while(cond) statement is a great help to be and prevents the use of another helper variable. But is this the only case that this is more useful or do you know any other application where this condition has been used?

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  • Setting the rank of a user-defined verb in J

    - by Gregory Higley
    Here's a function to calculate the digital sum of a number in J: digitalSum =: +/@:("."0)@": If I use b. to query the rank of this verb, I get _ 1 _, i.e., infinite. (We can ignore the dyadic case since digitalSum is not dyadic.) I would like the monadic rank of this verb to be 0, as reported by b.. The only way I know of to do this is to use a "shim", e.g., ds =: +/@:("."0)@": digitalSum =: ds"0 This works great, but I want to know whether it's the only way to do this, or if there's something else I'm missing.

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  • Serializing persistent/functional data structures

    - by Rob
    Persistent data structures depend on the sharing of structure for efficiency. For an example, see here. How can I preserve the structure sharing when I serialize the data structures and write them to a file or database? If I just naively traverse the datastructures, I'll store the correct values, but I'll lose the structure sharing. I'd like to be able to save data-structures with shared components to a file, restore them, and still have most of the structure shared in the restored data.

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  • How do I use Declarations (type, inline, optimize) in Scheme?

    - by kunjaan
    How do I declare the types of the parameters in order to circumvent type checking? How do I optimize the speed to tell the compiler to run the function as fast as possible like (optimize speed (safety 0))? How do I make an inline function in Scheme? How do I use an unboxed representation of a data object? And finally are any of these important or necessary? Can I depend on my compiler to make these optimizations? thanks, kunjaan.

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  • Using items in a list as arguments

    - by Travis Brown
    Suppose I have a function with the following type signature: g :: a -> a -> a -> b I also have a list of as—let's call it xs—that I know will contain at least three items. I'd like to apply g to the first three items of xs. I know I could define a combinator like the following: ($$$) :: (a -> a -> a -> b) -> [a] -> b f $$$ (x:y:z:_) = f x y z Then I could just use g $$$ xs. This makes $$$ a bit like uncurry, but for a function with three arguments of the same type and a list instead of a tuple. Is there a way to do this idiomatically using standard combinators? Or rather, what's the most idiomatic way to do this in Haskell? I thought trying pointfree on a non-infix version of $$$ might give me some idea of where to start, but the output was an abomination with 10 flips, a handful of heads and tails and aps, and 28 parentheses. (NB: I know this isn't a terribly Haskelly thing to do in the first place, but I've come across a couple of situations where it seems like a reasonable solution, especially when using Parsec. I'll certainly accept "don't ever do this in real code" if that's the best answer, but I'd prefer to see some clever trick involving the ((->) r) monad or whatever.)

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  • Passing a hostname of over 255 characters to getaddrinfo causes a getaddrinfo failed: memory allocat

    - by darrickc
    I am currently upgrading our software to support ipv6 and in the meantime I'm expanding hostname/ip fields to the max hostname size. In sun documentation it seems like this can be up to 1025 (netdb.h:#define NI_MAXHOST 1025 - this is the recommended hostname allocation define), but when I pass a hostname of over 255 to getaddrinfo I get "getaddrinfo failed: memory allocation failure". I am testing on a Sol10 box. Ideas?

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  • How much one can trust the information published in the wikipedia? [closed]

    - by AKN
    Wikipedia has answers for many question almost in all categories. Let it be Technical Sports Personalities Important events (this day, that day) Scientific terms etc... I know the source of contents are from volunteers (Please correct me if I'm wrong here). But what measures they have to ensure that contents are properly written. Even if they have admin/moderator and all that, they may not be experts in all areas. So how do they validate the appropriateness of the content?

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  • How to use PHP fgetcsv to create an array for each piece of data in csv file?

    - by Olivia
    I'm trying to import data from a csv file to some html code to use it in a graph I have already coded. I'm trying to use PHP and fgetcsv to create arrays for each separate piece of data to use PHP to put it into the html code. I know how to open the csv file and to print it using PHP, and how to print each separate row, but not each piece of data separated by a comma. Is there a way to do this? If this helps, this is the csv data I am trying to import. May 10,72,12,60 May 11,86,24,62 May 12,67,32,34 May 13,87,12,75 May 14,112,23,89 May 17,69,21,48 May 18,98,14,84 May 19,115,18,97 May 20,101,13,88 May 21,107,32,75 I hope that makes sense.

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  • Which is the best pick?

    - by Daniel
    Hi, considering I have experience with Java SE: which language should I learn(and is best for that purpose) in order to build web applications some day with it? I have been contemplating PHP and Java EE. The latter does indeed seems as an obvious choice given my Java SE knowledge. But how does it fares in comparison with PHP and how good is it for the aforementioned purpose? If there is a better language for this purpose, feel free to recommend it. Thank you.

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  • Pros and Cons of Proprietary Software

    - by Jon Purdy
    Proprietary software is about as good as open-source software. There are so many problems with proprietary technologies, however, that I'm beginning to think it's best to avoid them: The software will only be maintained as long as the company exists (and profits). The level of security of the application is as unknowable as the source code. Alterations and derivative works, however necessary and beneficial, are disallowed. I simply don't see any point in even learning to use such systems as those created by Microsoft and Apple. Of course I don't pretend that ignorance is the superior option: one has to have a certain working knowledge simply because of the ubiquity of these things. I just don't see any reason why, as an independent developer, I should ever consider it a remotely good idea to actually use them. So that's the question, or discussion topic, or what have you: In what ways do developers benefit at all from using closed-source development software?

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  • Pointers and Addresses in C

    - by Mohit
    #include "stdio.h" main() { int i=3,*x; float j=1.5,*y; char k='c',*z; x=&i; y=&j; z=&k; printf("\nAddress of x= %u",x); printf("\nAddress of y= %u",y); printf("\nAddress of z= %u",z); x++; y++;y++;y++;y++; z++; printf("\nNew Address of x= %u",x); printf("\nNew Address of y= %u",y); printf("\nNew Address of z= %u",z); printf("\nNew Value of i= %d",i); printf("\nNew Value of j= %f",j); printf("\nNew Value of k= %c\n",k); } Output: Address of x= 3219901868 Address of y= 3219901860 Address of z= 3219901875 New Address of x= 3219901872 New Address of y= 3219901876 New Address of z= 3219901876 New Value of i= 3 New Value of j= 1.500000 New Value of k= c The new address of variable y and z are same. How can two variables have same address and et have different values? Note: I used gcc compiler on Ubuntu 9.04

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  • PHP: prepared statement, IF statement help needed

    - by JGreig
    I have the following code: $sql = "SELECT name, address, city FROM tableA, tableB WHERE tableA.id = tableB.id"; if (isset($price) ) { $sql = $sql . ' AND price = :price '; } if (isset($sqft) ) { $sql = $sql . ' AND sqft >= :sqft '; } if (isset($bedrooms) ) { $sql = $sql . ' AND bedrooms >= :bedrooms '; } $stmt = $dbh->prepare($sql); if (isset($price) ) { $stmt->bindParam(':price', $price); } if (isset($sqft) ) { $stmt->bindParam(':price', $price); } if (isset($bedrooms) ) { $stmt->bindParam(':bedrooms', $bedrooms); } $stmt->execute(); $result_set = $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC); What I notice is the redundant multiple IF statements I have. Question: is there any way to clean up my code so that I don't have these multiple IF statements for prepared statements?

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  • PHP string to object name.

    - by Smickie
    Ok I have a string... $a_string = "Product"; and I want to use this string in a call to a object like this: $this->$a_string->some_function(); How the dickens do I dynamically call that object? (don't think Im on php 5 mind)

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  • What about parallelism across network using multiple PCs?

    - by MainMa
    Parallel computing is used more and more, and new framework features and shortcuts make it easier to use (for example Parallel extensions which are directly available in .NET 4). Now what about the parallelism across network? I mean, an abstraction of everything related to communications, creation of processes on remote machines, etc. Something like, in C#: NetworkParallel.ForEach(myEnumerable, () => { // Computing and/or access to web ressource or local network database here }); I understand that it is very different from the multi-core parallelism. The two most obvious differences would probably be: The fact that such parallel task will be limited to computing, without being able for example to use files stored locally (but why not a database?), or even to use local variables, because it would be rather two distinct applications than two threads of the same application, The very specific implementation, requiring not just a separate thread (which is quite easy), but spanning a process on different machines, then communicating with them over local network. Despite those differences, such parallelism is quite possible, even without speaking about distributed architecture. Do you think it will be implemented in a few years? Do you agree that it enables developers to easily develop extremely powerfull stuff with much less pain? Example: Think about a business application which extracts data from the database, transforms it, and displays statistics. Let's say this application takes ten seconds to load data, twenty seconds to transform data and ten seconds to build charts on a single machine in a company, using all the CPU, whereas ten other machines are used at 5% of CPU most of the time. In a such case, every action may be done in parallel, resulting in probably six to ten seconds for overall process instead of forty.

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  • Generic TypeIdenitifier convertion.How?

    - by John
    How do I convert the TypeIdenitifier to a class type? I need to use implicit convertion. type TMyChildArray<T>=class(TMyArray<T>) private FData:Array of T; procedure AddEnd(); end; TTypeIdenitifierParentClass=class(TAnotherParentClass) protected TestField:Cardinal; end; procedure TMyChildArray<T>.AddEnd(); var elem:T; begin for elem in Fdata do TTypeIdenitifierParentClass(elem).TestField:=0; end; I get "Invalid typecast" on the implicit convertion "TTypeIdenitifierParentClass(elem).TestField:=0;". The principle I want to use is that the TypeIdenitifier will represent a class that descends from TTypeIdenitifierParentClass.There are many class types,but all of them descend that class. How do I do this?

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