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  • Inheritance, commands and event sourcing

    - by Arthis
    In order not to redo things several times I wanted to factorize common stuff. For Instance, let's say we have a cow and a horse. The cow produces milk, the horse runs fast, but both eat grass. public class Herbivorous { public void EatGrass(int quantity) { var evt= Build.GrassEaten .WithQuantity(quantity); RaiseEvent(evt); } } public class Horse : Herbivorous { public void RunFast() { var evt= Build.FastRun; RaiseEvent(evt); } } public class Cow: Herbivorous { public void ProduceMilk() { var evt= Build.MilkProduced; RaiseEvent(evt); } } To eat Grass, the command handler should be : public class EatGrassHandler : CommandHandler<EatGrass> { public override CommandValidation Execute(EatGrass cmd) { Contract.Requires<ArgumentNullException>(cmd != null); var herbivorous= EventRepository.GetById<Herbivorous>(cmd.Id); if (herbivorous.IsNull()) throw new AggregateRootInstanceNotFoundException(); herbivorous.EatGrass(cmd.Quantity); EventRepository.Save(herbivorous, cmd.CommitId); } } so far so good. I get a Herbivorous object , I have access to its EatGrass function, whether it is a horse or a cow doesn't matter really. The only problem is here : EventRepository.GetById<Herbivorous>(cmd.Id) Indeed, let's imagine we have a cow that has produced milk during the morning and now wants to eat grass. The EventRepository contains an event MilkProduced, and then come the command EatGrass. With the CommandHandler, we are no longer in the presence of a cow and the herbivorious doesn't know anything about producing milk . what should it do? Ignore the event and continue , thus allowing the inheritance and "general" commands? or throw an exception to forbid execution, it would mean only CowEatGrass, and HorseEatGrass might exists as commands ? Thanks for your help, I am just beginning with these kinds of problem, and I would be glad to have some news from someone more experienced.

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  • Code contracts and inheritance

    - by DigiMortal
    In my last posting about code contracts I introduced you how to force code contracts to classes through interfaces. In this posting I will go step further and I will show you how code contracts work in the case of inherited classes. As a first thing let’s take a look at my interface and code contracts. [ContractClass(typeof(ProductContracts))] public interface IProduct {     int Id { get; set; }     string Name { get; set; }     decimal Weight { get; set; }     decimal Price { get; set; } }   [ContractClassFor(typeof(IProduct))] internal sealed class ProductContracts : IProduct {     private ProductContracts() { }       int IProduct.Id     {         get         {             return default(int);         }         set         {             Contract.Requires(value > 0);         }     }       string IProduct.Name     {         get         {             return default(string);         }         set         {             Contract.Requires(!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value));             Contract.Requires(value.Length <= 25);         }     }       decimal IProduct.Weight     {         get         {             return default(decimal);         }         set         {             Contract.Requires(value > 3);             Contract.Requires(value < 100);         }     }       decimal IProduct.Price     {         get         {             return default(decimal);         }         set         {             Contract.Requires(value > 0);             Contract.Requires(value < 100);         }     } } And here is the product class that inherits IProduct interface. public class Product : IProduct {     public int Id { get; set; }     public string Name { get; set; }     public virtual decimal Weight { get; set; }     public decimal Price { get; set; } } if we run this code and violate the code contract set to Id we will get ContractException. public class Program {     static void Main(string[] args)     {         var product = new Product();         product.Id = -100;     } }   Now let’s make Product to be abstract class and let’s define new class called Food that adds one more contract to Weight property. public class Food : Product {     public override decimal Weight     {         get         {             return base.Weight;         }         set         {             Contract.Requires(value > 1);             Contract.Requires(value < 10);               base.Weight = value;         }     } } Now we should have the following rules at place for Food: weight must be greater than 1, weight must be greater than 3, weight must be less than 100, weight must be less than 10. Interesting part is what happens when we try to violate the lower and upper limits of Food weight. To see what happens let’s try to violate rules #2 and #4. Just comment one of the last lines out in the following method to test another assignment. public class Program {     static void Main(string[] args)     {         var food = new Food();         food.Weight = 12;         food.Weight = 2;     } } And here are the results as pictures to see where exceptions are thrown. Click on images to see them at original size. Violation of lower limit. Violation of upper limit. As you can see for both violations we get ContractException like expected. Code contracts inheritance is powerful and at same time dangerous feature. Although you can always narrow down the conditions that come from more general classes it is possible to define impossible or conflicting contracts at different points in inheritance hierarchy.

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  • Inheritance vs containment while extending a large legacy project

    - by Flot2011
    I have got a legacy Java project with a lot of code. The code uses MVC pattern and is well structured and well written. It also has a lot of unit tests and it is still actively maintained (bug fixing, minor features adding). Therefore I want to preserve the original structure and code style as much as possible. The new feature I am going to add is a conceptual one, so I have to make my changes all over the code. In order to minimize changes I decided not to extend existing classes but to use containment: class ExistingClass { // .... existing code // my code adding new functionality private ExistingClassExtension extension = new ExistingClassExtension(); public ExistingClassExtension getExtension() {return extension;} } ... // somewhere in code ExistingClass instance = new ExistingClass(); ... // when I need a new functionality instance.getExtension().newMethod1(); All functionality that I am adding is inside a new ExistingClassExtension class. Actually I am adding only these 2 lines to each class that needs to be extended. By doing so I also do not need to instantiate new, extended classes all over the code and I may use existing tests to make sure there is no regression. However my colleagues argue that in this situation doing so isn't a proper OOP approach, and I need to inherit from ExistingClass in order to add a new functionality. What do you think? I am aware of numerous inheritance/containment questions here, but I think my question is different.

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  • Using db4o with multiple application instances under medium trust

    - by Anders Fjeldstad
    I recently stumbled over the object database engine db4o which I think looks really interesting. I would like to use it in an ASP.NET MVC application that will be deployed to a shared hosting environment under medium trust. Because of the trust level, I'm restricted to using db4o in embedded/in-process mode. That in itself should be no problem, but the hosting provider also transparently runs each web application in multiple (load-balanced) server instances with shared storage, which I would say is normally a very nice feature for a $10/month hoster. However, since an instance of a db4o server with write access (whether in-process or networked) locks the underlying database file, having multiple instances of the application using the same file won't work (or at least I can't see how it would). So the question is: is it possible to use db4o in this specific environment? I have considered letting each application have its own database which is synchronized with a master database using replication (dRS), but that approach will most likely end up with very frequent bi-directional replication (read master changes at beginning of each request, write to master after each change) which I don't think will be very efficient. Summary of the web application/environment characteristics: Read-intensive (but not entirely read-only) Some delay (a few seconds) is acceptible between the time that a change is made and the time when the change shows up in all the application instances' data Must run in medium trust No guarantee that the load-balancer uses "sticky sessions" All suggestions are much appreciated!

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  • Modeling a cellphone bill: should I use single-table inheritance or polymorphic associations?

    - by Horace Loeb
    In my domain: Users have many Bills Bills have many BillItems (and therefore Users have many BillItems through Bills) Every BillItem is one of: Call SMS (text message) MMS (multimedia message) Data Here are the properties of each individual BillItem (some are common): My question is whether I should model this arrangement with single-table inheritance (i.e., one "bill_items" table with a "type" column) or polymorphism (separate tables for each BillItem type), and why.

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  • Problem with multiple select removing more than 1 option

    - by SoLoGHoST
    Ok, there seems to be a problem with the JS Code for Opera browsers, as it only removes the last option tag that is selected within a multiple select tag, can someone please help me. Here is the HTML for this: <select id="actions_list" name="layouts" multiple style="height: 128px; width: 300px;"> <option value="forum">forum</option> <option value="collapse">collapse</option> <option value="[topic]">[topic]</option> <option value="[board]">[board]</option> </select> Ofcourse it's within a form tag, but there's a ton more code involved with this form, but here is the relevant info for this. Here is the JS that should handle this, but only removes the last selected option in Opera, not sure about other browsers, but it really needs to remove all selected options, not just the last selected option... argg var action_list = document.getElementById("actions_list"); var i = action_list.options.length; while(i--) { if (action_list.options[i].selected) { action_list.remove(i); } } What is wrong with this? I can't figure it out one bit :( Thanks :)

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  • Who calls the Destructor of the class when operator delete is used in multiple inheritance.

    - by dicaprio-leonard
    This question may sound too silly, however , I don't find concrete answer any where else. With little knowledge on how late binding works and virtual keyword used in inheritance. As in the code sample, when in case of inheritance where a base class pointer pointing to a derived class object created on heap and delete operator is used to deallocate the memory , the destructor of the of the derived and base will be called in order only when the base destructor is declared virtual function. Now my question is : 1) When the destructor of base is not virtual, why the problem of not calling derived dtor occur only when in case of using "delete" operator , why not in the case given below: derived drvd; base *bPtr; bPtr = &drvd; //DTOR called in proper order when goes out of scope. 2) When "delete" operator is used, who is reponsible to call the destructor of the class? The operator delete will have an implementation to call the DTOR ? or complier writes some extra stuff ? If the operator has the implementation then how does it looks like , [I need sample code how this would have been implemented]. 3) If virtual keyword is used in this example, how does operator delete now know which DTOR to call? Fundamentaly i want to know who calls the dtor of the class when delete is used. Sample Code class base { public: base() { cout<<"Base CTOR called"<<endl; } virtual ~base() { cout<<"Base DTOR called"<<endl; } }; class derived:public base { public: derived() { cout<<"Derived CTOR called"<<endl; } ~derived() { cout<<"Derived DTOR called"<<endl; } }; I'm not sure if this is a duplicate, I couldn't find in search. int main() { base *bPtr = new derived(); delete bPtr;// only when you explicitly try to delete an object return 0; }

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  • SQL - Multiple join conditions using OR?

    - by Brandi
    I have a query that is using multiple joins. The goal is to say "Out of table A, give me all the customer numbers in which you can match table A's EmailAddress with either email_to or email_from of table B. Ignore nulls, internal emails, etc.". It seems like it would be better to use an or condition in the join than multiple joins since it is the same table. When I try to use AND/OR it does not give the behaviour I expect... AND finishes in a reasonable time, but yields no results (I know that there are matches, so it must be some flaw in my logic) and OR never finishes (I have to kill it). Here is example code to illustrate the question: --my original query SELECT DISTINCT a.CustomerNo FROM A a WITH (NOLOCK) LEFT JOIN B e WITH (NOLOCK) ON a.EmailAddress = e.email_from RIGHT JOIN B f WITH (NOLOCK) ON a.EmailAddress = f.email_to WHERE a.EmailAddress NOT LIKE '%@mydomain.___' AND a.EmailAddress IS NOT NULL AND (e.email_from IS NOT NULL OR f.email_to IS NOT NULL) Here is what I tried, (I am attempting logical equivalence): SELECT DISTINCT a.CustomerNo FROM A a WITH (NOLOCK) LEFT JOIN B e WITH (NOLOCK) ON a.EmailAddress = e.email_from OR a.EmailAddress = e.email_to WHERE a.EmailAddress NOT LIKE '%@mydomain.___' AND a.EmailAddress IS NOT NULL AND (e.email_from IS NOT NULL OR e.email_to IS NOT NULL) So my question is two-fold: Why does having AND in the above query work in a few seconds and OR goes for minutes and never completes? What am I missing to make a logically equivalent statement that has only one join?

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  • Single website multiple connection strings using asp mvc 2 and nhibernate

    - by jjjjj
    Hi In my website i use ASP MVC 2 + Fluent NHibernate as orm, StructureMap for IoC container. There are several databases with identical metadata(and so entities and mappings are the same). On LogOn page user fiils in login, password, rememberme and chooses his server from dropdownlist (in fact he chooses database). Web.config contains all connstrings and we can assume that they won't be changed in run-time. I suppose that it is required to have one session factory per database. Before using multiple databases, i loaded classes to my StructureMap ObjectFactory in Application_Start ObjectFactory.Initialize(init => init.AddRegistry<ObjectRegistry>()); ObjectFactory.Configure(conf => conf.AddRegistry<NhibernateRegistry>()); NhibernateRegistry class: public class NhibernateRegistry : Registry { public NhibernateRegistry() { var sessionFactory = NhibernateConfiguration.Configuration.BuildSessionFactory(); For<Configuration>().Singleton().Use( NhibernateConfiguration.Configuration); For<ISessionFactory>().Singleton().Use(sessionFactory); For<ISession>().HybridHttpOrThreadLocalScoped().Use( ctx => ctx.GetInstance<ISessionFactory>().GetCurrentSession()); } } In Application_BeginRequest i bind opened nhibernate session to asp session(nhibernate session per request) and in EndRequest i unbind them: protected void Application_BeginRequest( object sender, EventArgs e) { CurrentSessionContext.Bind(ObjectFactory.GetInstance<ISessionFactory>().OpenSession()); } Q1: How can i realize what SessionFactory should i use according to authenticated user? is it something like UserData filled with database name (i use simple FormsAuthentication) For logging i use log4net, namely AdoNetAppender which contains connectionString(in xml, of course). Q2: How can i manage multiple connection strings for this database appender, so logs would be written to current database? I have no idea how to do that except changing xml all the time and reseting xml configuration, but its really bad solution.

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  • .net printing multiple reports in one document (architecture question)

    - by LawsonM
    I understand how to print a single document via the PrintDocument class. However, I want to print multiple reports in one document. Each "report" will consist of charts, tables, etc. I want to have two reports per page. I've studied the few examples I can find on how to combine multiple documents into one; however, they always seem to work by creating a collection of objects (e.g. customer or order) that are then iterated over and drawn in the OnPrintPage method. My problem and hence the "architecture" question is that I don't want to cache the objects required to produce the report since they are very large and memory intensive. I'd simply like the resulting "report". One thought I had was to print the report to a metafile, cache that instead in a "MultiplePrintDocument" class and then position those images appropriately two to a page in the OnPrintPage method. I think this would be a lot more efficient and scalable in my case. But I'm not a professional programmer and can't figure out if I'm barking up the wrong tree here. I think the Graphics.BeginContainer and Graphics.Save methods might be relevant, but can't figure out how to implement or if there is a better way. Any pointers would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Sql Server 2005 multiple insert with c#

    - by bottlenecked
    Hello. I have a class named Entry declared like this: class Entry{ string Id {get;set;} string Name {get;set;} } and then a method that will accept multiple such Entry objects for insertion into the database using ADO.NET: static void InsertEntries(IEnumerable<Entry> entries){ //build a SqlCommand object using(SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand()){ ... const string refcmdText = "INSERT INTO Entries (id, name) VALUES (@id{0},@name{0});"; int count = 0; string query = string.Empty; //build a large query foreach(var entry in entries){ query += string.Format(refcmdText, count); cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue(string.Format("@id{0}",count), entry.Id); cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue(string.Format("@name{0}",count), entry.Name); count++; } cmd.CommandText=query; //and then execute the command ... } } And my question is this: should I keep using the above way of sending multiple insert statements (build a giant string of insert statements and their parameters and send it over the network), or should I keep an open connection and send a single insert statement for each Entry like this: using(SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(){ using(SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(){ //assign connection string and open connection ... cmd.Connection = conn; foreach(var entry in entries){ cmd.CommandText= "INSERT INTO Entries (id, name) VALUES (@id,@name);"; cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@id", entry.Id); cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@name", entry.Name); cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); } } } What do you think? Will there be a performance difference in the Sql Server between the two? Are there any other consequences I should be aware of? Thank you for your time!

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  • How to prevent multiple definitions in C?

    - by Jordi
    I'm a C newbie and I was just trying to write a console application with Code::Blocks. Here's the (simplified) code: main.c: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include "test.c" // include not necessary for error in Code::Blocks int main() { //t = test(); // calling of method also not necessary return 0; } test.c: void test() {} When I try to build this program, it gives the following errors: *path*\test.c|1|multiple definition of `_ test'| obj\Debug\main.o:*path*\test.c|1|first defined here| There is no way that I'm multiply defining test (although I don't know where the underscore is coming from) and it seems highly unlikely that the definition is somehow included twice. This is all the code there is. I've ruled out that this error is due to some naming conflict with other functions or files being called test or test.c. Note that the multiple and the first definition are on the same line in the same file. Does anyone know what is causing this and what I can do about it? Thanks!

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  • JavaScript objects and Crockford's The Good Parts

    - by Jonathan
    I've been thinking quite a bit about how to do OOP in JS, especially when it comes to encapsulation and inheritance, recently. According to Crockford, classical is harmful because of new(), and both prototypal and classical are limited because their use of constructor.prototype means you can't use closures for encapsulation. Recently, I've considered the following couple of points about encapsulation: Encapsulation kills performance. It makes you add functions to EACH member object rather than to the prototype, because each object's methods have different closures (each object has different private members). Encapsulation forces the ugly "var that = this" workaround, to get private helper functions to have access to the instance they're attached to. Either that or make sure you call them with privateFunction.apply(this) everytime. Are there workarounds for either of two issues I mentioned? if not, do you still consider encapsulation to be worth it? Sidenote: The functional pattern Crockford describes doesn't even let you add public methods that only touch public members, since it completely forgoes the use of new() and constructor.prototype. Wouldn't a hybrid approach where you use classical inheritance and new(), but also call Super.apply(this, arguments) to initialize private members and privileged methods, be superior?

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  • Augmenting functionality of subclasses without code duplication in C++

    - by Rob W
    I have to add common functionality to some classes that share the same superclass, preferably without bloating the superclass. The simplified inheritance chain looks like this: Element -> HTMLElement -> HTMLAnchorElement Element -> SVGElement -> SVGAlement The default doSomething() method on Element is no-op by default, but there are some subclasses that need an actual implementation that requires some extra overridden methods and instance members. I cannot put a full implementation of doSomething() in Element because 1) it is only relevant for some of the subclasses, 2) its implementation has a performance impact and 3) it depends on a method that could be overridden by a class in the inheritance chain between the superclass and a subclass, e.g. SVGElement in my example. Especially because of the third point, I wanted to solve the problem using a template class, as follows (it is a kind of decorator for classes): struct Element { virtual void doSomething() {} }; // T should be an instance of Element template<class T> struct AugmentedElement : public T { // doSomething is expensive and uses T virtual void doSomething() override {} // Used by doSomething virtual bool shouldDoSomething() = 0; }; class SVGElement : public Element { /* ... */ }; class SVGAElement : public AugmentedElement<SVGElement> { // some non-trivial check bool shouldDoSomething() { /* ... */ return true; } }; // Similarly for HTMLAElement and others I looked around (in the existing (huge) codebase and on the internet), but didn't find any similar code snippets, let alone an evaluation of the effectiveness and pitfalls of this approach. Is my design the right way to go, or is there a better way to add common functionality to some subclasses of a given superclass?

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  • MEF Constructor Parameters with Multiple Constructors

    - by InterWAS
    Hi, i starting to use MEF, and i have a class with multiple constructors, like this: [Export(typeof(ifoo))] class foo : ifoo { void foo() { ... } [ImportingConstructor] void foo(object par1) { ... } } Everthing works fine, except that the 2nd constructor is never called, i am using catalog.ComposeExportedValue() when composing, what's wrong?

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  • Best way to generate report using multiple databases

    - by Vinaaven
    Hi All, I am new to the reporting world. Wanted to know which is the right solution to about for generating a single report by querying for data from multiple databases. We are planning to use some reporting solution like Jasper Reports or BIRT. Generally the databases are going to be postgresql. Please do feel free to let me know about any other better solutions as well. Thanks.

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  • Multiple IDE project files

    - by TomWij
    We are currently working in a team where we use both Visual Studio and Code::Blocks, is there a way to replicate changes between those project files? So if one adds a file to the project file it will also get adjusted in the project file of the other IDE? Please note: We want our project to work on multiple IDE's, platforms and compilers. Thus a general solution is welcome too.

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  • Customising Silverlight AutoCompleteBox with multiple filtered ListBoxes

    - by ianbeks
    Hi, How should I go about customising the AutoCompleteBox in Silverlight so that while typing I can filter multiple Selector ListBoxes. Basically I want a Popup that contains 'n' ListBoxes vertically stacked and when I type, the filtering operates on all of them simultaneously. I can then select an item from any of the ListBoxes. Thanks in advance for any guidance you may have. Beks

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  • Real time SQL database updates between multiple VB.NET clients

    - by Marcel
    Hi, I hope somebody can help me out on this question. I'm using a SQL database and I'm writing a VB.NET client application. This application is used on multiple computers at the same time. If one of the clients makes an update to the database I would like to have the other clients to be aware of the update. Has ony one already done this before? Thank you very much! Marcel

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  • Animating multiple UIViews at once using CoreAnimation

    - by Thomas
    Hi, I'm using a UIImageView as a background-image and placed multiple UIButtons on it. Now I want to move the UIImageView (with all the buttons on it) out of sight with a smooth animation. I couldn't find a container or grouping element in IB, so is there a way to move all the Views at once? Thank you in advance and sorry for my english!

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  • How to add a Drupal CCK Custom Field which supports unique identification of multiple values

    - by jtw12
    I need to create a custom field that supports multiple values which can be uniquely identified (beyond the delta field which changes when the values are re-ordered). I have created a module for the field and specified the two database columns that I would like CCK to use (one for the value and one for the ID) but I am not sure where the entry point is for adding in a unique id for each value (probably will just take the id from a sequence).

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  • Firebird multiple statements

    - by Aldo
    Hello, is there any way to execute multiple statements (none of which will have to return anything) on Firebird? Like importing a SQL file and executing it. I've been looking for a while and couldn't find anything for this.

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  • Multiple Jquery modal Dialog Boxes in one page?

    - by Ryan Max
    Hi, I am brand stinking new to jquery and attempting to have a "Services" page for a tech website I am working on. I am having trouble with different services opening the same info in the window. Basically I am using the code straight from the demo. Any ideas on how to have multiple windows in the same page? Thanks!

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