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• XenServer 6.0.2 path to installation media contains non-ascii characters

  - by cmaduro

  XenServer 6.0.2 install fails no matter what I do. I have confirmed that the md5 checksum on my ISO file is good. I tried installing from a mounted ISO file (remotely via iKVM). I tried installing from physical media. I tried installing from a bootable USB stick (using syslinux + contents of the ISO) All attempts have yielded the same result: When verifying the installation media, at 0% initializing, the following is reported: "Some packages appeared to be damaged." followed by a list of pretty much all the gz2 and rpm packages. If I skip the media verification the installer proceeds and then gives me an error when it reaches "Installing from base pack" at 0% which states "An unrecoverable error has occurred. The error was: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xff in position 20710: ordinal not in range(128) Please refer to your user guide, or contact a Technical Support Representative, for further details" there is one option left which is to reboot. Apparently at some point during the processing of the repositories on the installation media non-ascii characters are found, which causes the installer to quit. How do I fix this? Here are my specs TYAN S8236 motherboard 2 AMD Opteron 6234 processors LSI2008 card connected to 2 1TB Seagate Constellation drives SATA, 1 500GB Corsair m4 SSD SATA and 1 Corsair Forse 3 - 64GB SSD SATA Onboard SATA connected to a slim DVD-+RW. Onboard SAS connected to 2 IBM ESX 70GB 10K SAS drives (for XenServer) 256GB memory ================================================================================= Comments: According to pylonsbook.com "chances are you have run into a problem with character sets, encodings, and Unicode" – cmaduro 10 hours ago A clue is provided by "vmware.com/support/vsphere5/doc/…; Data migration fails if the path to the vCenter Server installation media contains non-ASCII characters When this problem occurs, an error message similar to: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xd0 in position 30: ordinal not in range(128) appears, and the installer quits unexpectedly during the data migration process. – cmaduro 10 hours ago This is an error that python throws. And guess what, the .py extention of the file you have to edit in this link community.spiceworks.com/how_to/show/1168 means the installer is written in python. Python is interpreted, so now to find the install file responsible for this error. – cmaduro 6 hours ago The file that generates the error upon verification is /opt/xensource/installer/tui/repo.py. The error message appears around line 359. – cmaduro 2 hours ago I am fairly sure that the install error is generated somewhere in repository.py as the backend.py file throws errors while methods in that file are being called. Perhaps all errors can be traced back to this file. – cmaduro 1 hour ago

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• Error installing pkgconfig via macports

  - by Greg K

  I installed Macports 1.8.2 from a DMG. That seemed to install fine. I ran sudo port selfupdate to make sure my ports tree was current. I then tried to install bindfs as I want to mount some directories in my OS X file system (like you can do with mount --bind in linux). pkgconfig and macfuse are two dependencies of bindfs. I had trouble installing bindfs due to errors installing pkgconfig, so I tried to just install pkgconfig, here's the debug output from sudo port install pkgconfig: $ sudo port -d install pkgconfig DEBUG: Found port in file:///opt/local/var/macports/sources/rsync.macports.org/release/ports/devel/pkgconfig DEBUG: Changing to port directory: /opt/local/var/macports/sources/rsync.macports.org/release/ports/devel/pkgconfig DEBUG: OS Platform: darwin DEBUG: OS Version: 10.3.0 DEBUG: Mac OS X Version: 10.6 DEBUG: System Arch: i386 DEBUG: setting option os.universal_supported to yes DEBUG: org.macports.load registered provides 'load', a pre-existing procedure. Target override will not be provided DEBUG: org.macports.unload registered provides 'unload', a pre-existing procedure. Target override will not be provided DEBUG: org.macports.distfiles registered provides 'distfiles', a pre-existing procedure. Target override will not be provided DEBUG: adding the default universal variant DEBUG: Reading variant descriptions from /opt/local/var/macports/sources/rsync.macports.org/release/ports/_resources/port1.0/variant_descriptions.conf DEBUG: Requested variant darwin is not provided by port pkgconfig. DEBUG: Requested variant i386 is not provided by port pkgconfig. DEBUG: Requested variant macosx is not provided by port pkgconfig. ---> Computing dependencies for pkgconfig DEBUG: Executing org.macports.main (pkgconfig) DEBUG: Skipping completed org.macports.fetch (pkgconfig) DEBUG: Skipping completed org.macports.checksum (pkgconfig) DEBUG: Skipping completed org.macports.extract (pkgconfig) DEBUG: Skipping completed org.macports.patch (pkgconfig) ---> Configuring pkgconfig DEBUG: Using compiler 'Mac OS X gcc 4.2' DEBUG: Executing org.macports.configure (pkgconfig) DEBUG: Environment: CFLAGS='-O2 -arch x86_64' CPPFLAGS='-I/opt/local/include' CXXFLAGS='-O2 -arch x86_64' MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET='10.6' CXX='/usr/bin/g++-4.2' F90FLAGS='-O2 -m64' LDFLAGS='-L/opt/local/lib' OBJC='/usr/bin/gcc-4.2' FCFLAGS='-O2 -m64' INSTALL='/usr/bin/install -c' OBJCFLAGS='-O2 -arch x86_64' FFLAGS='-O2 -m64' CC='/usr/bin/gcc-4.2' DEBUG: Assembled command: 'cd "/opt/local/var/macports/build/_opt_local_var_macports_sources_rsync.macports.org_release_ports_devel_pkgconfig/work/pkg-config-0.23" && ./configure --prefix=/opt/local --enable-indirect-deps --with-pc-path=/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig:/opt/local/share/pkgconfig' checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c checking whether build environment is sane... yes checking for gawk... no checking for mawk... no checking for nawk... no checking for awk... awk checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... no checking whether to enable maintainer-specific portions of Makefiles... no checking build system type... i386-apple-darwin10.3.0 checking host system type... i386-apple-darwin10.3.0 checking for style of include used by make... none checking for gcc... /usr/bin/gcc-4.2 checking for C compiler default output file name... configure: error: C compiler cannot create executables See `config.log' for more details. Error: Target org.macports.configure returned: configure failure: shell command " cd "/opt/local/var/macports/build/_opt_local_var_macports_sources_rsync.macports.org_release_ports_devel_pkgconfig/work/pkg-config-0.23" && ./configure --prefix=/opt/local --enable-indirect-deps --with-pc-path=/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig:/opt/local/share/pkgconfig " returned error 77 DEBUG: Backtrace: configure failure: shell command " cd "/opt/local/var/macports/build/_opt_local_var_macports_sources_rsync.macports.org_release_ports_devel_pkgconfig/work/pkg-config-0.23" && ./configure --prefix=/opt/local --enable-indirect-deps --with-pc-path=/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig:/opt/local/share/pkgconfig " returned error 77 while executing "$procedure $targetname" Warning: the following items did not execute (for pkgconfig): org.macports.activate org.macports.configure org.macports.build org.macports.destroot org.macports.install Error: Status 1 encountered during processing. I have only recently installed Xcode 3.2.2 (prior to installing macports). Am I right in thinking this the issue here: configure: error: C compiler cannot create executables

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• Sharing the same `ssh-agent` among multiple login sessions

  - by intuited

  Is there a convenient way to ensure that all logins from a given user (ie me) use the same ssh-agent? I hacked out a script to make this work most of the time, but I suspected all along that there was some way to do it that I had just missed. Additionally, since that time there have been amazing advances in computing technology, like for example this website. So the goal here is that whenever I log in to the box, regardless of whether it's via SSH, or in a graphical session started from gdm/kdm/etc, or at a console: if my username does not currently have an ssh-agent running, one is started, the environment variables exported, and ssh-add called. otherwise, the existing agent's coordinates are exported in the login session's environment variables. This facility is especially valuable when the box in question is used as a relay point when sshing into a third box. In this case it avoids having to type in the private key's passphrase every time you ssh in and then want to, for example, do git push or something. The script given below does this mostly reliably, although it botched recently when X crashed and I then started another graphical session. There might have been other screwiness going on in that instance. Here's my bad-is-good script. I source this from my .bashrc. # ssh-agent-procure.bash # v0.6.4 # ensures that all shells sourcing this file in profile/rc scripts use the same ssh-agent. # copyright me, now; licensed under the DWTFYWT license. mkdir -p "$HOME/etc/ssh"; function ssh-procure-launch-agent { eval `ssh-agent -s -a ~/etc/ssh/ssh-agent-socket`; ssh-add; } if [ ! $SSH_AGENT_PID ]; then if [ -e ~/etc/ssh/ssh-agent-socket ] ; then SSH_AGENT_PID=`ps -fC ssh-agent |grep 'etc/ssh/ssh-agent-socket' |sed -r 's/^\S+\s+(\S+).*$/\1/'`; if [[ $SSH_AGENT_PID =~ [0-9]+ ]]; then # in this case the agent has already been launched and we are just attaching to it. ##++ It should check that this pid is actually active & belongs to an ssh instance export SSH_AGENT_PID; SSH_AUTH_SOCK=~/etc/ssh/ssh-agent-socket; export SSH_AUTH_SOCK; else # in this case there is no agent running, so the socket file is left over from a graceless agent termination. rm ~/etc/ssh/ssh-agent-socket; ssh-procure-launch-agent; fi; else ssh-procure-launch-agent; fi; fi; Please tell me there's a better way to do this. Also please don't nitpick the inconsistencies/gaffes ( eg putting var stuff in etc ); I wrote this a while ago and have since learned many things.

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• Oracle performance problem

  - by jreid42

  We are using an Oracle 11G machine that is very powerful; has redundant storage etc. It's a beast from what I have been told. We just got this DB for a tool that when I first came on as a coop had like 20 people using, now its upwards of 150 people. I am the only one working on it :( We currently have a system in place that distributes PERL scripts across our entire data center essentially giving us a sort of "grid" computing power. The Perl scripts run a sort of simulation and report back the results to the database. They do selects / inserts. The load is not very high for each script but it could be happening across 20-50 systems at the same time. We then have multiple data centers and users all hitting the same database with this same approach. Our main problem with this is that our database is getting overloaded with connections and having to drop some. We sometimes have upwards of 500 connections. These are old perl scripts and they do not handle this well. Essentially they fail and the results are lost. I would rather avoid having to rewrite a lot of these as they are poorly written, and are a headache to even look at. The database itself is not overloaded, just the connection overhead is too high. We open a connection, make a quick query and then drop the connection. Very short connections but many of them. The database team has basically said we need to lower the number of connections or they are going to ignore us. Because this is distributed across our farm we cant implement persistent connections. I do this with our webserver; but its on a fixed system. The other ones are perl scripts that get opened and closed by the distribution tool and thus arent always running. What would be my best approach to resolving this issue? The scripts themselves can wait for a connection to be open. They do not need to act immediately. Some sort of queing system? I've been suggested to set up a few instances of a tool called "SQL Relay". Maybe one in each data center. How reliable is this tool? How good is this approach? Would it work for what we need? We could have one for each data center and relay requests through it to our main database, keeping a pipeline of open persistent connections? Does this make sense? Is there any other suggestions you can make? Any ideas? Any help would be greatly appreciated. Sadly I am just a coop student working for a very big company and somehow all of this has landed all on my shoulders (there is literally nobody to ask for help; its a hardware company, everybody is hardware engineers, and the database team is useless and in India) and I am quite lost as what the best approach would be? I am extremely overworked and this problem is interfering with on going progress and basically needs to be resolved as quickly as possible; preferably without rewriting the whole system, purchasing hardware (not gonna happen), or shooting myself in the foot. HELP LOL!

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• Linux Software RAID recovery

  - by Zoredache

  I am seeing a discrepancy between the output of mdadm --detail and mdadm --examine, and I don't understand why. This output mdadm --detail /dev/md2 /dev/md2: Version : 0.90 Creation Time : Wed Mar 14 18:20:52 2012 Raid Level : raid10 Array Size : 3662760640 (3493.08 GiB 3750.67 GB) Used Dev Size : 1465104256 (1397.23 GiB 1500.27 GB) Raid Devices : 5 Total Devices : 5 Preferred Minor : 2 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Seems to contradict this. (the same for every disk in the array) mdadm --examine /dev/sdc2 /dev/sdc2: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 0.90.00 UUID : 1f54d708:60227dd6:163c2a05:89fa2e07 (local to host) Creation Time : Wed Mar 14 18:20:52 2012 Raid Level : raid10 Used Dev Size : 1465104320 (1397.23 GiB 1500.27 GB) Array Size : 2930208640 (2794.46 GiB 3000.53 GB) Raid Devices : 5 Total Devices : 5 Preferred Minor : 2 The array was created like this. mdadm -v --create /dev/md2 \ --level=raid10 --layout=o2 --raid-devices=5 \ --chunk=64 --metadata=0.90 \ /dev/sdg2 /dev/sdf2 /dev/sde2 /dev/sdd2 /dev/sdc2 Each of the 5 individual drives have partitions like this. Disk /dev/sdc: 1500.3 GB, 1500301910016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders, total 2930277168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00057754 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 2048 34815 16384 83 Linux /dev/sdc2 34816 2930243583 1465104384 fd Linux raid autodetect Backstory So the SATA controller failed in a box I provide some support for. The failure was a ugly and so individual drives fell out of the array a little at a time. While there are backups, we the are not really done as frequently as we really need. There is some data that I am trying to recover if I can. I got additional hardware and I was able to access the drives again. The drives appear to be fine, and I can get the array and filesystem active and mounted (using read-only mode). I am able to access some data on the filesystem and have been copying that off, but I am seeing lots of errors when I try to copy the most recent data. When I am trying to access that most recent data I am getting errors like below which makes me think that the array size discrepancy may be the problem. Mar 14 18:26:04 server kernel: [351588.196299] dm-7: rw=0, want=6619839616, limit=6442450944 Mar 14 18:26:04 server kernel: [351588.196309] attempt to access beyond end of device Mar 14 18:26:04 server kernel: [351588.196313] dm-7: rw=0, want=6619839616, limit=6442450944 Mar 14 18:26:04 server kernel: [351588.199260] attempt to access beyond end of device Mar 14 18:26:04 server kernel: [351588.199264] dm-7: rw=0, want=20647626304, limit=6442450944 Mar 14 18:26:04 server kernel: [351588.202446] attempt to access beyond end of device Mar 14 18:26:04 server kernel: [351588.202450] dm-7: rw=0, want=19973212288, limit=6442450944 Mar 14 18:26:04 server kernel: [351588.205516] attempt to access beyond end of device Mar 14 18:26:04 server kernel: [351588.205520] dm-7: rw=0, want=8009695096, limit=6442450944

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• GRUB 2 freezing at OS selection screen, what could be the cause?

  - by Michael Kjörling

  Mains power is somewhat unreliable where I live, so every now and then, the computer gets rebooted when the PSU can't maintain proper voltage during a brown-out or momentary black-out. It's happened a few times recently that when power is restored, the BIOS POST completes successfully, GRUB starts to load and then freezes. I've seen this at the Welcome to GRUB! message, but it seems to happen more often just past the switch to the graphical OS list. At this point, the computer will not respond to anything (arrow keys, control commands, Ctrl+Alt+Del, ...) - it simply sits there displaying this image, seemingly doing nothing more. At that point, turning the computer off using the power button and letting it sit for a while (cooling down?) has allowed it to boot successfully. Turning the computer off and immediately back on seems to give the same result (successful POST then freeze in GRUB). This behavior began recently, although does not seem to be directly correlated with my hard disk woes (although it may be relevant that GRUB resides on that physical disk, I don't know). Once the computer has booted, it runs without a hitch. I know that a "proper" solution would be to invest in a UPS, but what might be causing behavior like this? I was thinking in terms of perhaps the CPU shutting down as a thermal control measure, but if that was the cause then wouldn't I see similar freezes during use (which I do not)? What else could cause freezes apparently closely but not perfectly related to the BIOS handover from POST to OS bootloader? The BIOS settings are to reset to previous power status after a power loss. Since the PC in question is almost always turned on, this means restore to full power status. I have no expansion cards installed that make any BIOS extensions known by screen output during the boot process, at least, but I do have a few expansion cards installed. Haven't made any changes in that regard in a long time, now. I haven't touched GRUB itself for a long time, whether configuration or binaries, so I don't think that's the problem. Also, it doesn't really make sense that a bug in GRUB would manifest itself only once in a blue moon but significantly more often after a power failure.

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• How to reinstall Mac OS X on OS X/Linux dual-boot system?

  - by strangeronyourtrain

  My setup: I have a MacBook Pro 5,5 with a Mac OS X Snow Leopard partition and a Linux partition. I use rEFIt to boot into Linux. I didn't use Boot Camp when I originally installed Linux; instead, I manually created the partition (with either Disk Utility in OS X or Gparted on a Linux live CD--I don't recall which one) and then installed Linux on it from a live CD. The problem: My OS X partition is corrupt, and I need to reinstall Snow Leopard. Since I installed rEFIt from within OS X, I'm concerned that wiping the OS X partition will prevent me from booting into my Linux partition. How can I do this without losing access to my Linux partition? Is it possible to install Snow Leopard on the partition I reserved for it, or will it automatically overwrite the entire drive? And if I do the fresh OS X install and then install rEFIt again, will it automatically recognize my Linux partition? Thanks for any tips! Specs: MacBook Pro 5,5 (Mid-2009); Snow Leopard 10.6.7/64-bit Sabayon Linux, 2.6.36 kernel EDIT/UPDATE: Thanks, but the situation has taken a more complicated turn: I tried to reinstall Snow Leopard from the DVD, but it refused to install onto my Mac partition, claiming: "The disk cannot be used to start up your computer." Disk Utility wouldn't let me resize the partition or create a new one, and it doesn't see my Linux partition. It only displays the two partitions "Macintosh HD" and Linux Swap. I can, however, see all the partitions from Linux. This is the partition table as shown in Gparted: And the output of "fdisk -l" is: WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sda: 250.1 GB, 250059350016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders, total 488397168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 409639 204819+ ee GPT /dev/sda2 409640 349590464 174590412+ af HFS / HFS+ /dev/sda3 483122745 488392064 2634660 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda4 * 349590465 483122744 66766140 83 Linux Partition table entries are not in disk order I wonder if this is because I originally partitioned my disk with Gparted instead of OS X's Disk Utility (at this point, I don't recall whether I used Gparted or Disk Utility). In any case, it doesn't seem safe to do any reformatting with Disk Utility now, as I'm afraid it will wipe sda2 ("Macintosh HD") as well as sda4 (my Linux partition). So... I'm hoping to find a solution that doesn't involve wiping my entire hard disk. Would it be safe/possible to use Gparted to erase sda2 ("Macintosh HD") and then use the Snow Leopard DVD to install OS X onto [I]just[/I] sda2 without touching the other partitions? Thanks for any insight!

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• Using a 64bit Linux kernel, can't see more than 4GB of RAM in /proc/meminfo

  - by Chris Huang-Leaver

  I'm running my new computer which has 8GB of RAM installed, which is visable from BIOS page, does not show in /proc/meminfo uname -a Linux localhost 3.0.6-gentoo #2 SMP PREEMPT Sat Nov 19 10:45:22 GMT-- x86_64 AMD Phenom(tm) II X4 955 Processor AuthenticAMD GNU/Linux The result of /proc/meminfo is as follows: (thans Andrey) MemTotal: 4021348 kB MemFree: 1440280 kB Buffers: 23696 kB Cached: 1710828 kB SwapCached: 4956 kB Active: 1389904 kB Inactive: 841364 kB Active(anon): 1337812 kB Inactive(anon): 714060 kB Active(file): 52092 kB Inactive(file): 127304 kB Unevictable: 32 kB Mlocked: 32 kB SwapTotal: 8388604 kB SwapFree: 8047900 kB Dirty: 0 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 492732 kB Mapped: 47528 kB Shmem: 1555120 kB Slab: 267724 kB SReclaimable: 177464 kB SUnreclaim: 90260 kB KernelStack: 1176 kB PageTables: 12148 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 10399276 kB Committed_AS: 3293896 kB VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB VmallocUsed: 317008 kB VmallocChunk: 34359398908 kB AnonHugePages: 120832 kB HugePages_Total: 0 HugePages_Free: 0 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 2048 kB DirectMap4k: 23552 kB DirectMap2M: 3088384 kB DirectMap1G: 1048576 kB I have tried using mem=8G as a kernel boot parameter, I read a post about setting HIGHMEM64G to yes, before realising that only applies to 32bit kernels. Trying dmindecode -t memory SMBIOS 2.7 present. Handle 0x0026, DMI type 16, 23 bytes Physical Memory Array Location: System Board Or Motherboard Use: System Memory Error Correction Type: Multi-bit ECC Maximum Capacity: 32 GB Error Information Handle: Not Provided Number Of Devices: 4 Handle 0x0028, DMI type 17, 34 bytes Memory Device Array Handle: 0x0026 Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: 64 bits Data Width: 64 bits Size: 4096 MB Form Factor: DIMM Set: None Locator: DIMM0 Bank Locator: BANK0 Type: <OUT OF SPEC> Type Detail: Synchronous Speed: 1333 MHz Manufacturer: Manufacturer0 Serial Number: SerNum0 Asset Tag: AssetTagNum0 Part Number: Array1_PartNumber0 Rank: Unknown Handle 0x002A, DMI type 17, 34 bytes Memory Device Array Handle: 0x0026 Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: Unknown Data Width: 64 bits Size: No Module Installed Form Factor: DIMM Set: None Locator: DIMM1 Bank Locator: BANK1 Type: Unknown Type Detail: Synchronous Speed: Unknown Manufacturer: Manufacturer1 Serial Number: SerNum1 Asset Tag: AssetTagNum1 Part Number: Array1_PartNumber1 Rank: Unknown Handle 0x002C, DMI type 17, 34 bytes Memory Device Array Handle: 0x0026 Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: 64 bits Data Width: 64 bits Size: 4096 MB Form Factor: DIMM Set: None Locator: DIMM2 Bank Locator: BANK2 Type: <OUT OF SPEC> Type Detail: Synchronous Speed: 1333 MHz Manufacturer: Manufacturer2 Serial Number: SerNum2 Asset Tag: AssetTagNum2 Part Number: Array1_PartNumber2 Rank: Unknown Handle 0x002E, DMI type 17, 34 bytes Memory Device Array Handle: 0x0026 Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: Unknown Data Width: 64 bits Size: No Module Installed Form Factor: DIMM Set: None Locator: DIMM3 Bank Locator: BANK3 Type: Unknown Type Detail: Synchronous Speed: Unknown Manufacturer: Manufacturer3 Serial Number: SerNum3 Asset Tag: AssetTagNum3 Part Number: Array1_PartNumber3 Rank: Unknown

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• kernel panic after LVM setup

  - by Manuel Sopena Ballesteros

  I broke my webserver... My setup is: VMWare ESXi environemt CPanel installed CentOS release 6.5 (Final) 4 CPUs 2G RAM 2x VM disks 100G each LVM system This was my previous storage settings (the server was working fine at this time): # df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_test01-lv_root 95G 1.4G 88G 2% / tmpfs 939M 0 939M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sdb1 99G 188M 94G 1% /tmp /dev/sda1 485M 54M 407M 12% /boot My web developer asked me to merge /tmp and / disks so this is what I did: Delete /dev/sdb1 partition using fdisk Create a new partition as LVM on /dev/sdb1 using fdisk Create a new physical volume -- pvcreate /dev/sdb1 Extend volume group -- vgextend /dev/sdb1 vg_test01 Extend logical volume -- lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/vg_test01/lv_root Resize filesystem -- resize2fs /dev/vg_test01/lv_root This is the new configuration: # df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_test01-lv_root 213G 105G 97G 52% / tmpfs 939M 0 939M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 485M 54M 407M 12% /boot /usr/tmpDSK 4.0G 145M 3.6G 4% /tmp Since I have the new settings my web server is throwing kernel panics quite often (around every 2 days). The message says: INFO: task <taskName>:<pid> blocked for more than 120 seconds. The list of process affected that I can see from the console are: mysqld queueprocd httpd suphp vmtoolsd loop0 auditd The only way I can fix this is reseting (cold reboot) the VM. I don't think it is a hardware issue as sar is not showing any bottleneck: Linux 2.6.32-431.3.1.el6.x86_64 (test01) 08/22/2014 _x86_64_ (4 CPU) 12:00:01 AM CPU %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 12:10:01 AM all 26.86 0.01 0.98 0.57 0.00 71.57 12:20:01 AM all 1.78 0.02 1.03 0.08 0.00 97.09 12:30:01 AM all 26.34 0.02 0.85 0.05 0.00 72.74 12:40:01 AM all 27.12 0.01 1.11 1.22 0.00 70.54 12:50:01 AM all 1.59 0.02 0.94 0.13 0.00 97.32 01:00:01 AM all 26.10 0.01 0.77 0.04 0.00 73.07 01:10:01 AM all 27.51 0.01 1.16 0.14 0.00 71.18 01:20:01 AM all 1.80 0.07 1.06 0.08 0.00 96.99 01:30:01 AM all 26.19 0.01 0.78 0.05 0.00 72.96 01:40:01 AM all 26.62 0.02 0.87 0.05 0.00 72.45 01:50:02 AM all 1.35 0.01 0.87 0.02 0.00 97.75 02:00:01 AM all 26.11 0.02 0.69 0.02 0.00 73.17 02:10:01 AM all 26.73 0.02 0.89 0.14 0.00 72.21 02:20:01 AM all 1.45 0.01 0.92 0.04 0.00 97.58 02:30:01 AM all 26.59 0.01 1.06 0.03 0.00 72.31 02:40:01 AM all 26.27 0.01 0.72 0.05 0.00 72.95 02:50:01 AM all 0.86 0.01 0.50 0.09 0.00 98.53 03:00:01 AM all 25.61 0.02 0.39 0.03 0.00 73.96 03:10:01 AM all 26.30 0.08 0.66 0.14 0.00 72.82 03:20:01 AM all 0.81 0.01 0.51 0.04 0.00 98.63 03:30:02 AM all 26.15 0.02 0.53 0.07 0.00 73.24 03:40:01 AM all 26.06 0.01 0.47 0.04 0.00 73.42 03:50:01 AM all 0.96 0.02 0.51 0.03 0.00 98.48 Average: all 17.69 0.02 0.79 0.14 0.00 81.36 06:58:14 AM LINUX RESTART 07:00:01 AM CPU %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 07:10:01 AM all 1.04 0.02 0.57 0.95 0.00 97.42 07:20:02 AM all 0.66 0.01 0.39 0.06 0.00 98.87 07:30:01 AM all 25.71 0.01 0.45 0.16 0.00 73.67 07:40:01 AM all 25.88 0.01 0.35 0.08 0.00 73.68 07:50:01 AM all 1.13 0.02 0.55 0.11 0.00 98.19 As you can see the server became unresponsive at 03.50 AM and I had to reset the VM at 06.58 AM to bring the website up again. I would appreciate any help/assistance to fix this issue. thank you very much

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• How to manipulate default document with rewrite module on IIS7?

  - by eugeneK

  Until few month ago i've been using IIS 6 where i could add different Default Documents to each websites which are physically same directory. Since II7 which adds Default Document value to web config i couldn't use such technique as web.config was changed for all the directory. So I've found simple solution with rewrite module to change Default Document for each domain <defaultDocument enabled="false" /> <rewrite> <rewriteMaps> <rewriteMap name="ResolveDefaultDocForHost"> <add key="site1.com" value="Default1.aspx" /> <add key="site2.com" value="Default2.aspx" /> </rewriteMap> </rewriteMaps> <rules> <rule name="DefaultDoc Redirect If No Trailing Slash" stopProcessing="true"> <match url=".*[^/]$" /> <conditions> <add input="{REQUEST_FILENAME}" matchType="IsDirectory" /> </conditions> <action type="Redirect" url="{R:0}/" /> </rule> <rule name="PerHostDefaultDocSlash" stopProcessing="true"> <match url="$|.*/$" /> <conditions> <add input="{REQUEST_FILENAME}" matchType="IsDirectory" /> <add input="{ResolveDefaultDocForHost:{HTTP_HOST}}" pattern="(.+)" /> </conditions> <action type="Rewrite" url="{R:0}{C:1}" appendQueryString="true" /> </rule> </rules> </rewrite> Now i've got two other issues. first of all i can't use canonical url rewrite, if i set one then site1.com and site2.com redirected to www.site1.com instead of having www. for each. second problem is that there is a directory within site1' and site2' physical directory called members in which Default.aspx is always a Default Document doesn't matter which domain name was used. It doesn't work as well. Please help me with this issue because i've never thought i will get such problem with supposed to be better IIS7...

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• Multi-Role Domain Controllers for Small Offices (< 50 clients)

  - by kce

  Warning: I'm a Linux/*NIX admin so this is all new to me. I understand that it's not considered a good idea to have only a single domain controller, and that it is also probably a good idea for a domain controller to only do AD/DHCP/DNS (Here). We have two offices, location A with 30 users and location B with 10 users. Our two offices are separated by a WAN that is not particularly robust so I have be instructed that we need to have standalone services in each office. This means that according to "best practices" we will need to build a domain controller and a separate file server in each office. Again, I am not knowledgeable in the ways of Windows but this seems a little unnecessary for an organization of 40 users. People have commented that I could "get away with" running file services on the domain controller as long as the "load is light". That just seems to generate more questions than it answers. What constitutes light load? What are the potential consequences of mixing these roles? Ideally I would prefer to only have one physical machine at each location. The one in location A (the location with IT staff) can act as the primary domain controller and the one in the smaller office can act as the backup domain controller. If either domain controller fails we can still use the other one for authentication (albeit with some latency) and if the WAN connection fails each office still has access to their respective "local" domain controller. If the file services are ALSO run on each server (and synchronized with something like DFS), a similar arrangement in terms of redundancy can be had without having to purchase, build and install two additional separate servers. It's not that I'm adverse to that (well, any more adverse than I am to whole thing to begin with) but to my simple mind it just seems, well a bit overkill. I can definitely see the benefits of functional separation when we're talking larger organizations, but I need to consider the additional overhead too. None of this excludes having a DRP setup for the domain controller/s. I assume you can lose two domain controllers just as easily as one.

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• The Cindy Shearin Group: New Scam Targets Renters in the Area

  - by user226089

  MONROE - Craigslist is a popular site when trying to find that perfect deal on a rental home or apartment. Experts warn some of these rental ads aren't what they seem. We decided to take a look. On our Craigslist search we found this house for rent. The problem is this home’s not for rent - it's for sale. “I think it’s a huge deal,” said Shane Wooten, the realtor for this home in Monroe. His properties have become the target of a common scam, aimed at taking your money. "It looks like they're trying to scam them out of their deposit and first months rent," adds Wooten. He says scammers copy and paste the sale ad's from legitimate realtor sites to Craigslist as rental ads. "I can usually tell when one hits craigslist because I’ll usually get 20 to 30 phone calls that day." They then pretend to be out of town on business or personal matters, and give only an email address as a point of contact. Usually they'll ask for money up front on a deal too good to miss. "You'll have a house that's supposed to rent for $950-1000 a month, and they'll have it renting for $600 a month,” says Wooten During our conversation, he shows us text messages from one scammer who says he'll mail the keys to this house if Wooten wires money for a deposit and first months rent. Jo Ann Deal of the Better Business Bureau says scammers are getting better at making themselves out to be realtors. "We’re really concerned for our real estate agents with this scam," says Deal. She says that realtors have to be more on top of their vacant homes in order to protect their businesses. So how can you tell if the house you want is really for rent? She says if the home owner lives out of the country, can't meet face to face or asks for a payment through a money wire it's probably a scam. “There are some catch-lines you watch for,” says Deal. “If the marketing is really good but there's no phone number, no physical address and they will communicate with you only by email and you can do it today, then it's probably a scam." You should always report fishy ad's to Craigslist or the BBB and never send money through a wire transfer.

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• How to correctly partition usb flash drive and which filesystem to choose considering wear leveling?

  - by random1

  Two problems. First one: how to partition the flash drive? I shouldn't need to do this, but I'm no longer sure if my partition is properly aligned since I was forced to delete and create a new partition table after gparted complained when I tried to format the drive from FAT to ext4. The naive answer would be to say "just use default and everything is going to be alright". However if you read the following links you'll know things are not that simple: https://lwn.net/Articles/428584/ and http://linux-howto-guide.blogspot.com/2009/10/increase-usb-flash-drive-write-speed.html Then there is also the issue of cylinders, heads and sectors. Currently I get this: $sfdisk -l -uM /dev/sdd Disk /dev/sdd: 30147 cylinders, 64 heads, 32 sectors/track Warning: The partition table looks like it was made for C/H/S=*/255/63 (instead of 30147/64/32). For this listing I'll assume that geometry. Units = mebibytes of 1048576 bytes, blocks of 1024 bytes, counting from 0 Device Boot Start End MiB #blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 1 30146 30146 30869504 83 Linux $fdisk -l /dev/sdd Disk /dev/sdd: 31.6 GB, 31611420672 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3843 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00010c28 So from my current understanding I should align partitions at 4 MiB (currently it's at 1 MiB). But I still don't know how to set the heads and sectors properly for my device. Second problem: file system. From the benchmarks I saw ext4 provides the best performance, however there is the issue of wear leveling. How can I know that my Transcend JetFlash 700's microcontroller provides for wear leveling? Or will I just be killing my drive faster? I've seen a lot of posts on the web saying don't worry the newer drives already take care of that. But I've never seen a single piece of backed evidence of that and at some point people start mixing SSD with USB flash drives technology. The safe option would be to go for ext2, however a serious of tests that I performed showed horrible performance!!! These values are from a real scenario and not some synthetic test: 42 files: 3,429,415,284 bytes copied to flash drive original fat32: 15.1 MiB/s ext4 after new partition table: 10.2 MiB/s ext2 after new partition table: 1.9 MiB/s Please read the links that I posted above before answering. I would also be interested in answers backed up with some references because a lot is said and re-said but then it lacks facts. Thank you for the help.

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• Windows Server 2008 - one MAC Address, assign multiple external IP's to VirtualBoxes running as guests on host

  - by Sise

  Couldn't find any help @ google or here. The scenario: Windows Server 2008 Std x64 on i7-975, 12 GB RAM. The server is running in a data centre. One hardware NIC - RealTek PCIe GBE - one MAC Address. The data centre provides us 4 static external IP's. The first is assigned to the host by default of course. I have ordered all 4 IP's, the data centre can assign the available IP's to the physical MAC address of the given NIC only. This means one NIC, one MAC Address, 4 IP's. Everything works fine so far. Now, what I would like to have: Installed VirtualBox with 1-3 guests running, each gets it's own external IP assigned. Each of it should be an standalone Win Server 2008. It looks like the easiest way would be to put the guests into an virtual subnet and routing all data coming to the 2nd till 4th external IP through to this guests using there subnet IP's. I have been through the VirtualBox User Manuel regarding networking. What's not working: I can't use bridged networking without anything else, because the IP's are assigned to the one MAC address only. I can't use NAT networking because it does not allow access from outside or the host to the guest. I do not wanna use port forwarding. Host-only networking itself would not allow internet access, by sharing the default internet connection of the host, internet is granted from the guest to the outside but not from outside or the host to the guest. InternalNetworking is not really an option here. What I have tried is to create an additional MS Loopback adapter for a routed subnet, where the Vbox guests are in, now the idea was to NAT the internet connection to the loopback 'subnet'. But I can't ping the gateway from the guests. By using route command in the command shell or RRAS (static route, NAT) I didn't get there as well. Solutions like the following do work for the one way, but not for the way back: For your situation, it might be best to use the Host-Only adapter for ICS. Go to the preferences of VB itself and select network. There you can change the configuration for the interface. Set the IP address to 192.168.0.1, netmask 255.255.255.0. Disable the DHCP server if it isn't already and that's it. Now the Guest should get an IP from Windows itself and be able to get onto the internet, while you can also access the Host. Slowly I'm pretty stucked with this topic. There is a possibility I've just overlooked something or just didn't getting it by trying, especially using RRAS, but it's kinda hard to find useful howto's or something in the web. Thanks in advance! Best regards, Simon

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• LUKS with LVM, mount is not persistent after reboot

  - by linxsaga

  I have created a Logical vol and used luks to encrypt it. But while rebooting the server. I get a error message (below), therefore I would have to enter the root pass and disable the /etc/fstab entry. So mount of the LUKS partition is not persistent during reboot using LUKS. I have this setup on RHEL6 and wondering what i could be missing. I want to the LV to get be mount on reboot. Later I would want to replace it with UUID instead of the device name. Error message on reboot: "Give root password for maintenance (or type Control-D to continue):" Here are the steps from the beginning: [root@rhel6 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created [root@rhel6 ~]# vgcreate vg01 /dev/sdb Volume group "vg01" successfully created [root@rhel6 ~]# lvcreate --size 500M -n lvol1 vg01 Logical volume "lvol1" created [root@rhel6 ~]# lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/vg01/lvol1 VG Name vg01 LV UUID nX9DDe-ctqG-XCgO-2wcx-ddy4-i91Y-rZ5u91 LV Write Access read/write LV Status available # open 0 LV Size 500.00 MiB Current LE 125 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:0 [root@rhel6 ~]# cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/vg01/lvol1 WARNING! ======== This will overwrite data on /dev/vg01/lvol1 irrevocably. Are you sure? (Type uppercase yes): YES Enter LUKS passphrase: Verify passphrase: [root@rhel6 ~]# mkdir /house [root@rhel6 ~]# cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/vg01/lvol1 house Enter passphrase for /dev/vg01/lvol1: [root@rhel6 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/house mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=1024 (log=0) Fragment size=1024 (log=0) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 127512 inodes, 509952 blocks 25497 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=1 Maximum filesystem blocks=67633152 63 block groups 8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group 2024 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (8192 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 21 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. [root@rhel6 ~]# mount -t ext4 /dev/mapper/house /house PS: HERE I have successfully mounted: [root@rhel6 ~]# ls /house/ lost+found [root@rhel6 ~]# vim /etc/fstab -> as follow /dev/mapper/house /house ext4 defaults 1 2 [root@rhel6 ~]# vim /etc/crypttab -> entry as follows house /dev/vg01/lvol1 password [root@rhel6 ~]# mount -o remount /house [root@rhel6 ~]# ls /house/ lost+found [root@rhel6 ~]# umount /house/ [root@rhel6 ~]# mount -a -> SUCCESSFUL AGAIN [root@rhel6 ~]# ls /house/ lost+found Please let me know if I am missing anything here. Thanks in advance.

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• How do I protect a low budget network from rogue DHCP servers?

  - by Kenned

  I am helping a friend manage a shared internet connection in an apartment buildling with 80 apartments - 8 stairways with 10 apartments in each. The network is laid out with the internet router at one end of the building, connected to a cheap non-managed 16 port switch in the first stairway where the first 10 apartments are also connected. One port is connected to another 16 port cheapo switch in the next stairway, where those 10 apartments are connected, and so forth. Sort of a daisy chain of switches, with 10 apartments as spokes on each "daisy". The building is a U-shape, approximately 50 x 50 meters, 20 meters high - so from the router to the farthest apartment it’s probably around 200 meters including up-and-down stairways. We have a fair bit of problems with people hooking up wifi-routers the wrong way, creating rogue DHCP servers which interrupt large groups of the users and we wish to solve this problem by making the network smarter (instead of doing a physical unplugging binary search). With my limited networking skills, I see two ways - DHCP-snooping or splitting the entire network into separate VLANS for each apartment. Separate VLANS gives each apartment their own private connection to the router, while DHCP snooping will still allow LAN gaming and file sharing. Will DHCP snooping work with this kind of network topology, or does that rely on the network being in a proper hub-and-spoke-configuration? I am not sure if there are different levels of DHCP snooping - say like expensive Cisco switches will do anything, but inexpensive ones like TP-Link, D-Link or Netgear will only do it in certain topologies? And will basic VLAN support be good enough for this topology? I guess even cheap managed switches can tag traffic from each port with it’s own VLAN tag, but when the next switch in the daisy chain receives the packet on it’s “downlink” port, wouldn’t it strip or replace the VLAN tag with it’s own trunk-tag (or whatever the name is for the backbone traffic). Money is tight, and I don’t think we can afford professional grade Cisco (I have been campaigning for this for years), so I’d love some advice on which solution has the best support on low-end network equipment and if there are some specific models that are recommended? For instance low-end HP switches or even budget brands like TP-Link, D-Link etc. If I have overlooked another way to solve this problem it is due to my lack of knowledge. :)

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• Adaptec 5805 after reboot don't starting

  - by Rakedko ShotGuns

  After rebooting the system, the controller is not included. It only works if the computer is shut down and turn off. Late i update firmware "Adaptec RAID 5805 Firmware Build 18948" How to fix the problem? add Log Configuration summary Server name.....................raid_test Adaptec Storage Manager agent...7.31.00 (18856) Adaptec Storage Manager console.7.31.00 (18856) Number of controllers...........1 Operating system................Windows Configuration information for controller 1 ------------------------------------------------------- Type............................Controller Model...........................Adaptec 5805 Controller number...............1 Physical slot...................2 Installed memory size...........512 MB Serial number...................8C4510C6C9E Boot ROM........................5.2-0 (18948) Firmware........................5.2-0 (18948) Device driver...................5.2-0 (16119) Controller status...............Optimal Battery status..................Charging Battery temperature.............Normal Battery charge amount (%).......37 Estimated charge remaining......0 days, 16 hours, 12 minutes Background consistency check....Disabled Copy back.......................Disabled Controller temperature..........Normal (40C / 104F) Default logical drive task priorityHigh Performance mode................Dynamic Number of logical devices.......1 Number of hot-spare drives......0 Number of ready drives..........0 Number of drive(s) assigned to MaxCache cache0 Maximum drives allowed for MaxCache cache8 MaxCache Read Cache Pool Size...0 GB NCQ status......................Enabled Stay awake status...............Disabled Internal drive spinup limit.....0 External drive spinup limit.....0 Phy 0...........................No device attached Phy 1...........................No device attached Phy 2...........................No device attached Phy 3...........................1.50 Gb/s Phy 4...........................No device attached Phy 5...........................No device attached Phy 6...........................No device attached Phy 7...........................No device attached Statistics version..............2.0 SSD Cache size..................0 Pages on fetch list.............0 Fetch list candidates...........0 Candidate replacements..........0 69319...........................31293 Logical device..................0 Logical device name............. RAID level......................Simple volume Data space......................148,916 GB Date created....................09/19/2012 Interface type..................Serial ATA State...........................Optimal Read-cache mode.................Enabled Preferred MaxCache read cache settingEnabled Actual MaxCache read cache setting Disabled Write-cache mode................Enabled (write-back) Write-cache setting.............Enabled (write-back) Partitioned.....................Yes Protected by hot spare..........No Bootable........................Yes Bad stripes.....................No Power Status....................Disabled Power State.....................Active Reduce RPM timer................Never Power off timer.................Never Verify timer....................Never Segment 0.......................Present: controller 1, connector 0, device 0, S/N 9RX3KZMT Overall host IOs................99075 Overall MB......................4411203 DRAM cache hits.................71929 SSD cache hits..................0 Uncached IOs....................29239 Overall disk failures...........0 DRAM cache full hits............71929 DRAM cache fetch / flush wait...0 DRAM cache hybrid reads.........3476 DRAM cache flushes..............-- Read hits.......................0 Write hits......................0 Valid Pages.....................0 Updates on writes...............0 Invalidations by large writes...0 Invalidations by R/W balance....0 Invalidations by replacement....0 Invalidations by other..........0 Page Fetches....................0 0...............................0 73..............................10822 8...............................3 46138...........................4916 27184...........................15226 20875...........................323 16982...........................1771 1563............................5317 1948............................2969 Serial attached SCSI ----------------------- Type............................Disk drive Vendor..........................Unknown Model...........................ST3160815AS Serial Number...................9RX3KZMT Firmware level..................3.AAD Reported channel................0 Reported SCSI device ID.........0 Interface type..................Serial ATA Size............................149,05 GB Negotiated transfer speed.......1.50 Gb/s State...........................Optimal S.M.A.R.T. error................No Write-cache mode................Write back Hardware errors.................0 Medium errors...................0 Parity errors...................0 Link failures...................0 Aborted commands................0 S.M.A.R.T. warnings.............0 Solid-state disk (non-spinning).false MaxCache cache capable..........false MaxCache cache assigned.........false NCQ status......................Enabled Phy 0...........................1.50 Gb/s Power State.....................Full rpm Supported power states..........Full rpm, Powered off 0x01............................113 0x03............................98 0x04............................99 0x05............................100 0x07............................83 0x09............................75 0x0A............................100 0x0C............................99 0xBB............................100 0xBD............................100 0xBE............................61 0xC2............................39 0xC3............................69 0xC5............................100 0xC6............................100 0xC7............................200 0xC8............................100 0xCA............................100 Aborted commands................0 Link failures...................0 Medium errors...................0 Parity errors...................0 Hardware errors.................0 SMART errors....................0 End of the configuration information for controller 1 List item

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• Is dual-booting an OS more or less secure than running a virtual machine?

  - by Mark

  I run two operating systems on two separate disk partitions on the same physical machine (a modern MacBook Pro). In order to isolate them from each other, I've taken the following steps: Configured /etc/fstab with ro,noauto (read-only, no auto-mount) Fully encrypted each partition with a separate encryption key (committed to memory) Let's assume that a virus infects my first partition unbeknownst to me. I log out of the first partition (which encrypts the volume), and then turn off the machine to clear the RAM. I then un-encrypt and boot into the second partition. Can I be reasonably confident that the virus has not / cannot infect both partitions, or am I playing with fire here? I realize that MBPs don't ship with a TPM, so a boot-loader infection going unnoticed is still a theoretical possibility. However, this risk seems about equal to the risk of the VMWare/VirtualBox Hypervisor being exploited when running a guest OS, especially since the MBP line uses UEFI instead of BIOS. This leads to my question: is the dual-partitioning approach outlined above more or less secure than using a Virtual Machine for isolation of services? Would that change if my computer had a TPM installed? Background: Note that I am of course taking all the usual additional precautions, such as checking for OS software updates daily, not logging in as an Admin user unless absolutely necessary, running real-time antivirus programs on both partitions, running a host-based firewall, monitoring outgoing network connections, etc. My question is really a public check to see if I'm overlooking anything here and try to figure out if my dual-boot scheme actually is more secure than the Virtual Machine route. Most importantly, I'm just looking to learn more about security issues. EDIT #1: As pointed out in the comments, the scenario is a bit on the paranoid side for my particular use-case. But think about people who may be in corporate or government settings and are considering using a Virtual Machine to run services or applications that are considered "high risk". Are they better off using a VM or a dual-boot scenario as I outlined? An answer that effectively weighs any pros/cons to that trade-off is what I'm really looking for in an answer to this post. EDIT #2: This question was partially fueled by debate about whether a Virtual Machine actually protects a host OS at all. Personally, I think it does, but consider this quote from Theo de Raadt on the OpenBSD mailing list: x86 virtualization is about basically placing another nearly full kernel, full of new bugs, on top of a nasty x86 architecture which barely has correct page protection. Then running your operating system on the other side of this brand new pile of shit. You are absolutely deluded, if not stupid, if you think that a worldwide collection of software engineers who can't write operating systems or applications without security holes, can then turn around and suddenly write virtualization layers without security holes. -http://kerneltrap.org/OpenBSD/Virtualization_Security By quoting Theo's argument, I'm not endorsing it. I'm simply pointing out that there are multiple perspectives here, so I'm trying to find out more about the issue.

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• Internal/external DNS with subdomains

  - by ScottMcGready

  I've got an internal DNS server (part of OS X server) and it's acting as the main DNS server for a specific (physical) site. When it can't resolve hostnames itself, it forwards requests to Google's DNS servers. Everything works well apart from a couple of issues, which I think may be related but can't get to the bottom of. I've got a number of intranet sites setup, that people can access by going to something like: intranet.mydomainname.com selfservice.mydomainname.com These point to various servers in the building that host these sites. Whether internal or external (without VPN), I can access these sites just dandy. Where the issue comes is when I want to host, say, test.mydomainname.com on an external server it fails to resolve as the primary zone for mydomainname.com is internal. How can I get it to look up Google's DNS (or an external one) for that zone if it's not in the list? I've tried everything I can think (adding my host's nameservers etc) of but nothing seems to work fully. Also I can't access intranet sites when connected via VPN and from what I can gather - I believe this might be related to the DNS issue but just wanted to give as much information as possible. Edit The domain mydomainname.com is hosted externally and pointed at the site's public IP. From there we can forward the requests to the relevant internal server. Externally everything works, internally though any subdomain of mydomainname.com is served locally, I want it to be served from Google's DNS / externally. DNS Configuration As per a request, here's the current DNS configuration (OS X server's DNS tab). I've blurred out the .private address as it's not really relevant but it's the server's name. The colored dots are just there to link everything together. Screenshot: In an attempt to clarify this is what I want: intranet.mydomain.com -> 192.168.0.12 selfservice.mydomain.com -> 192.168.0.13 *.mydomain.com -> forward to external DNS mydomain.com -> forward to external DNS At the moment any subdomain of mydomain.com is not forwarded on (think this is because of the primary zone being mydomain.com with a NS of intranet.mydomain.com but could do with a little nod in the right direction.

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• Bladecenter-E Power Module fault

  - by Lihnjo

  We have problem on IBM Bladecenter-E Critical Events Power module 2 is off. DC fault. Power module 4 is off. DC fault. Warnings and System Events Insufficient chassis power to support redundancy What is the best solution for this problem? Thanks AMM Service Data Help SPAPP Capture Available 10/13/2010 17:03:47 1090347 bytes Time: 11/19/2012 11:02:31 UUID: 42E1 5D2F D7BF 41A6 A4A2 48D1 3FB7 0540 MAC Address xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx MM Information Name: nnnnn Contact: aaa, bbb, ccc, England Location: [email protected] IP address: 111.222.333.444 Date Time Information GMT offset: +1:00 - Central Europe Time (Western Europe, Algeria, Nigeria, Angola) Adjust for DST: Yes NTP: Enabled NTP Hostname/IP: 111.222.333.444 System Health: Critical System Status Summary One or more monitored parameters are abnormal. Critical Events Power module 2 is off. DC fault. Power module 4 is off. DC fault. Warnings and System Events Insufficient chassis power to support redundancy CHASSIS (BladeCenter-E) in CHASSIS slot: 01 TopoPath is "CHASSIS[1]". Description : BladeCenter-E Width : 1 Sub Type : BladeCenter (BC) Power Mode : 220 v KVM Owner : CHASSIS[1]/BLADE[9] MT Owner : CHASSIS[1]/MGMT_MOD[1] Component Type : CHASSIS Inventory: VPD ID: 336 (decimal) POS ID EXT: 0 (decimal) POS ID: 8 (decimal) Machine Type/Model: 86773RG Machine Serial Number: 99ZL816 Part Number: 39R8561 FRU Number: 39R8563 FRU Serial Number: YK109174W1HV Manufacturer ID: IBM Hardware Revision: 3 (decimal) Manufacture Date: 18 (wk), 07 (yr) UUID: 42E1 5D2F D7BF 41A6 A4A2 48D1 3FB7 0540 (hex) Type Code: 97 (decimal) Sub-type Code: 0 (decimal) IANA Num: 336 (decimal) Product ID: 8 (decimal) Manufacturer Sub ID: FOXC Enviroment data: -------------- Type: : POWER_USAGE Unit: : WATTS Reading: : 0xa Sensor Label: : Midplane Sensor ID: : 0x0 MGMT MOD (Advanced Management Module) in MGMT_MOD slot: 01 TopoPath is "CHASSIS[1]/MGMT_MOD[1]". Description : Advanced Management Module Name : kant Width : 1 Component Role : Primary Component Type : MGMT MOD Insert Time : 28050132 Inventory: VPD ID: 288 (decimal) POS ID EXT: 0 (decimal) POS ID: 4 (decimal) Part Number: 39Y9659 FRU Number: 39Y9661 FRU Serial Number: YK11836CE2RC Manufacturer ID: IBM Hardware Revision: 4 (decimal) Manufacture Date: 50 (wk), 06 (yr) UUID: 1D95 9937 8CA5 11DB 9499 0014 5EDF 1C98 (hex) Type Code: 81 (decimal) Sub-type Code: 1 (decimal) IANA Num: 20301 (decimal) Product ID: 65 (decimal) Manufacturer Sub ID: ASUS Firmware data: Type : AMM firmware Build ID : BPET50P File Name : CNETCMUS.PKT Release Date : 03/26/2010 Release Level : 50 Revision - Major: 80 Port info: ======================================================== Topology Path ID : 1 Label : External Phy Orientation : EXTERNAL Port Number : 1 Type : MGT Physical Meidum : Copper Number of Link Intferfaces : 1 ------------------------------------ Link Ifc ID Number : 1 Link Ifc Transport Protocol : ENET Link Ifc Addr Type : MAC Link Ifc Burned-in Addr : xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx Link Ifc Admin Addr : 00:00:00:00:00:00 Link Ifc Addr in use : xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx ---------------------------------------------------------- Configuration behaviors: Save Only Enviroment data: -------------- Type: : TEMPERATURE Unit: : DEGREES_C Reading: : 38.00 Sensor Label: : MM Ambient Sensor ID: : 0x0 -------------- Type: : VOLTAGE Unit: : VOLTS Reading: : +4.81 Sensor Label: : +5V Sensor ID: : 0x1b -------------- Type: : VOLTAGE Unit: : VOLTS Reading: : +3.26 Sensor Label: : +3.3V Sensor ID: : 0x19 -------------- Type: : VOLTAGE Unit: : VOLTS Reading: : +11.97 Sensor Label: : +12V Sensor ID: : 0x16 -------------- Type: : VOLTAGE Unit: : VOLTS Reading: : -4.88 Sensor Label: : -5V Sensor ID: : 0x1e -------------- Type: : VOLTAGE Unit: : VOLTS Reading: : +2.47 Sensor Label: : +2.5V Sensor ID: : 0x18 -------------- Type: : VOLTAGE Unit: : VOLTS Reading: : +1.76 Sensor Label: : +1.8V Sensor ID: : 0x15 -------------- Type: : POWER_USAGE Unit: : WATTS Reading: : 0x19 Sensor Label: : kant Sensor ID: : 0x0

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• Spanning-tree setup with incompatible switches

  - by wfaulk

  I have a set of eight HP ProCurve 2910al-48G Ethernet switches at my datacenter that are set up in a star topology with no physical loops. I want to partially mesh the switches for redundancy and manage the loops with a spanning-tree protocol. However, our connection to the datacenter is provided by two uplinks, each to a Cisco 3750. The datacenter's switches are handling the redundant connection using PVST spanning-tree, which is a Cisco-proprietary spanning-tree implementation that my HP switches do not support. It appears that my switches are not participating in the datacenter's spanning-tree domain, but are blindly passing the BPDUs between the two switchports on my side, which enables the datacenter's switches to recognize the loop and put one of the uplinks into the Blocking state. This is somewhat supposition, but I can confirm that, while my switches say that both of the uplink ports are forwarding, only one is passing any real quantity of data. (I am assuming that I cannot get the datacenter to move away from PVST. I don't know that I'd want them to make that significant of a change anyway.) The datacenter has also sent me this output from their switches (which I have expurgated of any identifiable info): 3750G-1#sh spanning-tree vlan nnn VLAN0nnn Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee Root ID Priority 10 Address 00d0.0114.xxxx Cost 4 Port 5 (GigabitEthernet1/0/5) Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Bridge ID Priority 32mmm (priority 32768 sys-id-ext nnn) Address 0018.73d3.yyyy Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Aging Time 300 sec Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type ------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- -------------------------------- Gi1/0/5 Root FWD 4 128.5 P2p Gi1/0/6 Altn BLK 4 128.6 P2p Gi1/0/8 Altn BLK 4 128.8 P2p and: 3750G-2#sh spanning-tree vlan nnn VLAN0nnn Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee Root ID Priority 10 Address 00d0.0114.xxxx Cost 4 Port 6 (GigabitEthernet1/0/6) Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Bridge ID Priority 32mmm (priority 32768 sys-id-ext nnn) Address 000f.f71e.zzzz Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Aging Time 300 sec Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type ------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- -------------------------------- Gi1/0/1 Desg FWD 4 128.1 P2p Gi1/0/5 Altn BLK 4 128.5 P2p Gi1/0/6 Root FWD 4 128.6 P2p Gi1/0/8 Desg FWD 4 128.8 P2p The uplinks to my switches are on Gi1/0/8 on both of their switches. The uplink ports are configured with a single tagged VLAN. I am also using a number of other tagged VLANs in my switch infrastructure. And, to be clear, I am passing the tagged VLAN I'm receiving from the datacenter to other ports on other switches in my infrastructure. My question is: how do I configure my switches so that I can use a spanning tree protocol inside my switch infrastructure without breaking the datacenter's spanning tree that I cannot participate in?

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• 2 Servers setup for redundency, backup

  - by minal

  I presently have 1 dedicated virtual server running my website/blog/mail, etc. This is on Hyper-V with 512MB RAM. Windows Web2008. With the VM, I have these running within it: SmarterMail – for emails MS DNS – I have my own nameservers on this server SQL Express IIS7 2 IP Address I have now leased 2 physical servers : P4 2.6Ghz 1GB RAM 80GB HDD. With these new servers, I get 2 IPs per server as well. These are running Windows 2008 Standard. With the VM the HDD was obviously on a RAID setup so I was not worried about hardware issues as it fell on the provider to manage. However, with the new servers the HDD is not RAID’d, hence my concern is that if it fails I need a backup position. What would be the most ideal setup to go for? I am thinking: Server 1: (Web/PrimaryDNS) DNS – NS1 SQL Express – OFF turn on when required, ie. Server2 is down SmarterMail – OFF turn on when required, ie. Server2 is down IIS 7 Server2:(SQL/Backup) DNS – NS2 SQL Web Edition SmarterMail IIS 7 How can I set it up so that if 1 goes down I can have everything on 2 instantly or by manual switching over. I am confused as other DNS servers will cache the web servers IP address for requests, and if that server goes down, the backup server will have a different IP. How do I make this work? I will be doing routine backups, in which case I will keep copies of backups on both servers. If I am copying the same stuff on both servers like a mirror then I am losing on using the true performance out of it. It's like 1 server is always on standby. Ideally I want SQL and web on 2 diff machines for best performance. If Server1 goes down, I should be able to switch to Server2 fairly easily. I don't have a problem with manual intervention to start the sql/mail services, etc. In terms of scalabilty, the VM has coped pretty well to date. Moving forward the SQL and IIS workload is going to double pretty quickly. Some ideas would be great.

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• Loose component cables causing HDMI video problems

  - by jwir3

  I'm not sure this is the correct forum, but I'll ask anyway. I have an A/V setup at home that has something like the following: Five Components (actually a few more, like a CD player, but they don't really relate to this question): Older Pioneer Receiver Digital Set Top Box Sony BluRay Player Samsung Plasma TV Speakers The reason for the receiver is so that all the sound can go through the speakers, rather than some going to the TV speakers and some to the external speakers. They are connected as follows: Digital Set Top Box connects via component video to Samsung TV directly via Component 2 (audio goes to Older Pioneer Receiver). Sony BluRay player is connected via HDMI 1 to TV, but audio goes to the receiver. Now, the problem I'm having is that when I have the digital set top box connected, there are times when the Netflix or Hulu streams I watch through the Sony BluRay player (it's connected to a router for internet access) will lose video. What I mean by this is that the sound of the episode will keep playing, but the screen will go black. If I jiggle the component cables, it will often come back. If I disconnect the component cables, it will always come back. I've noticed that one of the connections (the red component cable) doesn't like to sit very well in the component socket in the back of the digital set top box. It seems like there is a bad connection here, but it doesn't seem like this should be affecting the HDMI input at all. What I've noticed, though, is that when I disconnect the digital set top box completely (i.e. remove the component cable from the back of the TV), the problem seems to resolve itself. I'm not talking about actually removing the cable physically, because I thought perhaps the cables were mashing against one another, and possibly jiggling each other loose. To correct this possible problem, I took the component cable completely out of the cable ties it was in in the back of my entertainment center, as well as pulled the digital set top box out from the entertainment center altogether. It's now connected directly to the TV, without any other cables touching it to cause some kind of weird interference or just physical pulling on the cable. Same problem. If, however, I disconnect the component cable and just leave it sitting behind the TV, then the problem goes away. So, my question is this - what could be causing this? Is it a case where it's an improperly shielded component cable that's causing interference with the HDMI input, or something that's wrong with the TV? It's an intermittent problem, so it's difficult to track down. The TV isn't that old, so it's probably still under warranty. I'm just wondering if there is something else I can do that might reduce this problem without having to haul a massive television set out of my house to get repaired/replaced.

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• How to specify what network interface to use with TTCP or IPERF?

  - by Sammy

  The PC has two Gigabit Ethernet ports. They function as two separate network adapters. I'm trying to do a simple loopback test between the two. I've tried TTCP and IPERF. They're giving me hard time because I'm using the same physical PC. Using pcattcp... On the receiver end: C:\PCATTCP-0114>pcattcp -r PCAUSA Test TCP Utility V2.01.01.14 (IPv4/IPv6) IP Version : IPv4 Started TCP Receive Test 0... TCP Receive Test Local Host : GIGA ************** Listening...: On TCPv4 0.0.0.0:5001 Accept : TCPv4 0.0.0.0:5001 <- 10.1.1.1:33904 Buffer Size : 8192; Alignment: 16384/0 Receive Mode: Sinking (discarding) Data Statistics : TCPv4 0.0.0.0:5001 <- 10.1.1.1:33904 16777216 bytes in 0.076 real seconds = 215578.95 KB/sec +++ numCalls: 2052; msec/call: 0.038; calls/sec: 27000.000 C:\PCATTCP-0114> On the transmitter end: C:\PCATTCP-0114>PCATTCP.exe -t 10.1.1.1 PCAUSA Test TCP Utility V2.01.01.14 (IPv4/IPv6) IP Version : IPv4 Started TCP Transmit Test 0... TCP Transmit Test Transmit : TCPv4 0.0.0.0 -> 10.1.1.1:5001 Buffer Size : 8192; Alignment: 16384/0 TCP_NODELAY : DISABLED (0) Connect : Connected to 10.1.1.1:5001 Send Mode : Send Pattern; Number of Buffers: 2048 Statistics : TCPv4 0.0.0.0 -> 10.1.1.1:5001 16777216 bytes in 0.075 real seconds = 218453.33 KB/sec +++ numCalls: 2048; msec/call: 0.037; calls/sec: 27306.667 C:\PCATTCP-0114> It's responding alright. But why does it say 0.0.0.0? Is it passing through only one of the network adapters? I want 10.1.1.1 to be the server (receiver) and 10.1.1.2 to be the client (transmitter). These are the IP addresses assigned manually to each network adapter. How do I specify these addresses in TTCP? There is also the IPERF tool which has the -B option. Unfortunately I've been only able to use this option to bind the server to the 10.1.1.1 address. I was unable to bind the client to the 10.1.1.2 address. I might be doing it wrong. Can the -B option be used for both the server as well as the client side? What does the syntax look like for the client?

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• How to troubleshoot performance issues of PHP, MySQL and generic I/O

  - by jbx

  I have a WordPress based website running on a shared hosting. Its response time is very decent (around 2s to retrieve the HTML page and 5s to load all the resources). I was planning to move it to a dedicated virtual server (Ubuntu 12.04 LTS), which should theoretically improve things and make them more consistent given its not shared. However I observed severe performance degredation, with the page taking 10seconds to be generated. I ruled out network issues by editing /etc/hosts on the server and mapping the domain to 127.0.0.1. I used the Apache load tester ab to get the HTML, so JS, CSS and images are all excluded. It still took 10 seconds. I have Zpanel installed on the server which also uses MySQL, and its pages come up quite fast (1.5s) and also phpMyAdmin. Performing some queries on the wordpress database directly through phpMyAdmin returns them quite fast too, with query times in the 10 to 30 millisecond region. Memory is also sufficient, with only 800Mb being used of the 1Gb physical memory available, so it doesn't seem to be a swap issue either. I have also installed APC to try to improve the PHP performance, but it didn't have any effect. What else should I look for? What could be causing this degradation in performance? Could it be some kind of I/O issue since I am running on a cloud based virtual server? I wish to be able to raise the issue with my provider but without showing actual data from some diagnosis I am afraid he will just blame my application. UPDATE with sar output (every second) when I did an HTTP request: 02:31:29 CPU %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 02:31:30 all 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 02:31:31 all 2.22 0.00 2.22 0.00 0.00 95.56 02:31:32 all 41.67 0.00 6.25 0.00 2.08 50.00 02:31:33 all 86.36 0.00 13.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 02:31:34 all 75.00 0.00 25.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 02:31:35 all 93.18 0.00 6.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 02:31:36 all 90.70 0.00 9.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 02:31:37 all 71.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 28.95 02:31:38 all 14.89 0.00 10.64 0.00 2.13 72.34 02:31:39 all 2.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 97.44 02:31:40 all 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 02:31:41 all 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 My suspicion that this comes from I/O related issue is also because a caching plugin I use to reduce the amount of queries to the database, by precompiling PHP pages is actually making things worse instead of better. It seems that file access is making things worse instead.

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