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• Forcing the GC to collect JNI proxy objects

  - by SyBer

  Hi. While I do my best to clean JNI objects to free native memory in the end of the usage, there are still some that hang around for a long time, wasting system native memory. Is there any way to force the GC to give priority in collection of these JNI proxies? I mean is there a way to cause GC to concentrate on a particular kind of object, namely the JNI proxies? Thanks.

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• Large data processing in x86 C# gives System.OutOfMemory exception

  - by Cool

  I am processing XML coming from server which contains both images and data in one C# function (compiled 32 bit). When I try to parse this xml in memory it gives me System.OutOfMemory exception. Is there any way to avoid this error? My guess is, system cannot find contiguous block of 50-100MB memory. (my pc hv 8Gig ram and its quad core)

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• Bitmap byte-size after decoding?

  - by need4sid

  Hi! How can I determine/calculate the byte size of a bitmap (after decoding with BitmapFactory)? I need to know how much memory space it occupies, because I'm doing memory caching/management in my app. (file size is not enough, since these are jpg/png files) Thanks for any solutions!

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• How does heap compaction work quickly?

  - by Mason Wheeler

  They say that compacting garbage collectors are faster than traditional memory management because they only have to collect live objects, and by rearranging them in memory so everything's in one contiguous block, you end up with no heap fragmentation. But how can that be done quickly? It seems to me that that's equivalent to the bin-packing problem, which is NP-hard and can't be completed in a reasonable amount of time on a large dataset within the current limits of our knowledge about computation. What am I missing?

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• Cleanest RESTful design for purely "action" calls?

  - by Josh Handel

  Hello all, I am sticking my toe in the RESTful waters and I just can't find a "satisfactory" solution to how to handle truely "action" oriented calls on a RESTful service? My quandry can be broken down into two parts. 1) Transactional calls: I understand the idea of having an ActionTransactor that you get a resource too with a post, update the parameters and then commit with a PUT (as described all over the place and in the Orilly RESTful Web services book).. But I struggle with the idea of keeping URLs with states present for ever.. If we really honestly don't need to keep a transaction for ever can we kill the resource URI? do URIs need to be perminate or can they be transiant URIs that expire 2) Non transactional calls: these might be calls to perform some workflow that spans multiple resources but having a resource just doesn't make since.. An example might be to re-generating some calculated ans cached value like a large aggreget or re-indexing blog or some such "purely" action. Anyways, I'm curious about the communities thoughts on this... Thus far, I've read that Overloading Post is the cleanest way to handle part 2.. But there is an equal amount of argument against that approach as well. And (to me) its not self documenting which I though was one of the key design goals of RESTful APIs.

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• WCF streaming files

  - by Pinu

  I need to pass a memory stream to the WCF server , how do i need to add this data type in my data contract. I will eventually need to convert this to a memory stream and pass it on to my service layer. datacontact[DataMember] Stream str = null; public Stream File { get { return str; } set { str = value; } }

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• question about sorting

  - by skydoor

  Bubble sort is O(n) at best, O(n^2) at worst, and its memory usage is O(1) . Merge sort is always O(n log n), but its memory usage is O(n). Which algorithm we would use to implement a function that takes an array of integers and returns the max integer in the collection, assuming that the length of the array is less than 1000. What if the array length is greater than 1000?

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• Suggestion for a Data Structure!

  - by Jay

  I have the following requirements for a data structure: Direct access to an element with the help of a key (Key will be an integer, range is also same as integer range) Avoid memory allocation in chunks (Allocate contigous memory for the data structure including the data) Should be able to grow the data structure size dynamically Which data structure would you suggest? Any pointers in the direction will also be of help.

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• OutOfMemory Exception on loading a number of small images

  - by Pavel Pyhtin

  Hi I'm trying to load about 600 small images into memory. Size of each image file is less then 2 KB (20 x 30). Thus all images are needs at most 5 MB in memory, even with additional information about size, format etc. But after 400th image Image.FromFile() throws OutOfMemory exception. So, what's the problem?

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• How to open DataSet in Visual Studio 2008 faster?

  - by Ekkapop

  When I open DataSet in Visual Studio 2008 to design or modify it, it always take a very long time (more than five minutes) before I can continue to do my job. While I'm waiting I can't do anything on Visual Studio, moreover CPU and memory usage is growth dramatically. I want to know, Is it has anyway to reduce this waiting time? Hardware - Desktop CPU: Intel Q6600 Memory: 4 GB HDD: 320 GB 7200 rpm OS: Windows XP 32 bit with Service Pack 3

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• one high-end server with one Application Server or multiple Application Servers?

  - by elgcom

  If I have a high-end server, for example with 1T memory and 8x4core CPU... will it bring more performance if I run multiple App Server (on different JVM) rather than just one App Server? On App Server I will run some services (EAR whith message driven beans) which exchange message with each other. btw, has java 64bit now no memory limitation any more? http://java.sun.com/products/hotspot/whitepaper.html#64

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• Why do I get Detached Entity exception when upgrading Spring Boot 1.1.4 to 1.1.5

  - by mmeany

  On updating Spring Boot from 1.1.4 to 1.1.5 a simple web application started generating detached entity exceptions. Specifically, a post authentication inteceptor that bumped number of visits was causing the problem. A quick check of loaded dependencies showed that Spring Data has been updated from 1.6.1 to 1.6.2 and a further check of the change log shows a couple of issues relating to optimistic locking, version fields and JPA issues that have been fixed. Well I am using a version field and it starts out as Null following recommendation to not set in the specification. I have produced a very simple test scenario where I get detached entity exceptions if the version field starts as null or zero. If I create an entity with version 1 however then I do not get these exceptions. Is this expected behaviour or is there still something amiss? Below is the test scenario I have for this condition. In the scenario the service layer that has been annotated @Transactional. Each test case makes multiple calls to the service layer - the tests are working with detached entities as this is the scenario I am working with in the full blown application. The test case comprises four tests: Test 1 - versionNullCausesAnExceptionOnUpdate() In this test the version field in the detached object is Null. This is how I would usually create the object prior to passing to the service. This test fails with a Detached Entity exception. I would have expected this test to pass. If there is a flaw in the test then the rest of the scenario is probably moot. Test 2 - versionZeroCausesExceptionOnUpdate() In this test I have set the version to value Long(0L). This is an edge case test and included because I found reference to Zero values being used for version field in the Spring Data change log. This test fails with a Detached Entity exception. Of interest simply because the following two tests pass leaving this as an anomaly. Test 3 - versionOneDoesNotCausesExceptionOnUpdate() In this test the version field is set to value Long(1L). Not something I would usually do, but considering the notes in the Spring Data change log I decided to give it a go. This test passes. Would not usually set the version field, but this looks like a work-around until I figure out why the first test is failing. Test 4 - versionOneDoesNotCausesExceptionWithMultipleUpdates() Encouraged by the result of test 3 I pushed the scenario a step further and perform multiple updates on the entity that started life with a version of Long(1L). This test passes. Reinforcement that this may be a useable work-around. The entity: package com.mvmlabs.domain; import javax.persistence.Column; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; import javax.persistence.GenerationType; import javax.persistence.Id; import javax.persistence.Table; import javax.persistence.Version; @Entity @Table(name="user_details") public class User { @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO) private Long id; @Version private Long version; @Column(nullable = false, unique = true) private String username; @Column(nullable = false) private Integer numberOfVisits; public Long getId() { return id; } public void setId(Long id) { this.id = id; } public Long getVersion() { return version; } public void setVersion(Long version) { this.version = version; } public Integer getNumberOfVisits() { return numberOfVisits == null ? 0 : numberOfVisits; } public void setNumberOfVisits(Integer numberOfVisits) { this.numberOfVisits = numberOfVisits; } public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } } The repository: package com.mvmlabs.dao; import org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository; import com.mvmlabs.domain.User; public interface UserDao extends CrudRepository<User, Long>{ } The service interface: package com.mvmlabs.service; import com.mvmlabs.domain.User; public interface UserService { User save(User user); User loadUser(Long id); User registerVisit(User user); } The service implementation: package com.mvmlabs.service; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional; import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionSynchronizationManager; import com.mvmlabs.dao.UserDao; import com.mvmlabs.domain.User; @Service @Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED, readOnly=false) public class UserServiceJpaImpl implements UserService { @Autowired private UserDao userDao; @Transactional(readOnly=true) @Override public User loadUser(Long id) { return userDao.findOne(id); } @Override public User registerVisit(User user) { user.setNumberOfVisits(user.getNumberOfVisits() + 1); return userDao.save(user); } @Override public User save(User user) { return userDao.save(user); } } The application class: package com.mvmlabs; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; @Configuration @ComponentScan @EnableAutoConfiguration public class Application { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args); } } The POM: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.mvmlabs</groupId> <artifactId>jpa-issue</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>spring-boot-jpa-issue</name> <description>JPA Issue between spring boot 1.1.4 and 1.1.5</description> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.1.5.RELEASE</version> <relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hsqldb</groupId> <artifactId>hsqldb</artifactId> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <start-class>com.mvmlabs.Application</start-class> <java.version>1.7</java.version> </properties> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project> The application properties: spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto: create spring.jpa.hibernate.naming_strategy: org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy spring.jpa.database: HSQL spring.jpa.show-sql: true spring.datasource.url=jdbc:hsqldb:file:./target/testdb spring.datasource.username=sa spring.datasource.password= spring.datasource.driverClassName=org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver The test case: package com.mvmlabs; import org.junit.Assert; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.SpringApplicationConfiguration; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner; import com.mvmlabs.domain.User; import com.mvmlabs.service.UserService; @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = Application.class) public class ApplicationTests { @Autowired UserService userService; @Test public void versionNullCausesAnExceptionOnUpdate() throws Exception { User user = new User(); user.setUsername("Version Null"); user.setNumberOfVisits(0); user.setVersion(null); user = userService.save(user); user = userService.registerVisit(user); Assert.assertEquals(new Integer(1), user.getNumberOfVisits()); Assert.assertEquals(new Long(1L), user.getVersion()); } @Test public void versionZeroCausesExceptionOnUpdate() throws Exception { User user = new User(); user.setUsername("Version Zero"); user.setNumberOfVisits(0); user.setVersion(0L); user = userService.save(user); user = userService.registerVisit(user); Assert.assertEquals(new Integer(1), user.getNumberOfVisits()); Assert.assertEquals(new Long(1L), user.getVersion()); } @Test public void versionOneDoesNotCausesExceptionOnUpdate() throws Exception { User user = new User(); user.setUsername("Version One"); user.setNumberOfVisits(0); user.setVersion(1L); user = userService.save(user); user = userService.registerVisit(user); Assert.assertEquals(new Integer(1), user.getNumberOfVisits()); Assert.assertEquals(new Long(2L), user.getVersion()); } @Test public void versionOneDoesNotCausesExceptionWithMultipleUpdates() throws Exception { User user = new User(); user.setUsername("Version One Multiple"); user.setNumberOfVisits(0); user.setVersion(1L); user = userService.save(user); user = userService.registerVisit(user); user = userService.registerVisit(user); user = userService.registerVisit(user); Assert.assertEquals(new Integer(3), user.getNumberOfVisits()); Assert.assertEquals(new Long(4L), user.getVersion()); } } The first two tests fail with detached entity exception. The last two tests pass as expected. Now change Spring Boot version to 1.1.4 and rerun, all tests pass. Are my expectations wrong? Edit: This code saved to GitHub at https://github.com/mmeany/spring-boot-detached-entity-issue

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• C Programming - My program is good enough for my assignment but I know its not good

  - by Joe

  Hi there I'm just starting an assignment for uni and it's raised a question for me. I don't understand how to return a string from a function without having a memory leak. char* trim(char* line) { int start = 0; int end = strlen(line) - 1; /* find the start position of the string */ while(isspace(line[start]) != 0) { start++; } //printf("start is %d\n", start); /* find the position end of the string */ while(isspace(line[end]) != 0) { end--; } //printf("end is %d\n", end); /* calculate string length and add 1 for the sentinel */ int len = end - start + 2; /* initialise char array to len and read in characters */ int i; char* trimmed = calloc(sizeof(char), len); for(i = 0; i < (len - 1); i++) { trimmed[i] = line[start + i]; } trimmed[len - 1] = '\0'; return trimmed; } as you can see I am returning a pointer to char which is an array. I found that if I tried to make the 'trimmed' array by something like: char trimmed[len]; then the compiler would throw up a message saying that a constant was expected on this line. I assume this meant that for some reason you can't use variables as the array length when initialising an array, although something tells me that can't be right. So instead I made my array by allocating some memory to a char pointer. I understand that this function is probably waaaaay sub-optimal for what it is trying to do, but what I really want to know is: 1. Can you normally initialise an array using a variable to declare the length like: char trimmed[len]; ? 2. If I had an array that was of that type (char trimmed[]) would it have the same return type as a pointer to char (ie char*). 3. If I make my array by callocing some memory and allocating it to a char pointer, how do I free this memory. It seems to me that once I have returned this array, I can't access it to free it as it is a local variable. Many thanks in advance Joe

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• crash in calloc

  - by mmd

  I'm trying to debug a program I wrote. I ran it inside gdb and I managed to catch a SIGABRT from inside calloc(). I'm completely confused about how this can arise. Can it be a bug in gcc or even libc?? More details: My program uses OpenMP. I ran it through valgrind in single-threaded mode with no errors. I also use mmap() to load a 40GB file, but I doubt that is relevant. Inside gdb, I'm running with 30 threads. Several identical runs (same input&CL) finished correctly, until the problematic one that I caught. On the surface this suggests there might be a race condition of some type. However, the SIGABRT comes from calloc() which is out of my control. Here is some relevant gdb output: (gdb) info threads [...] * 11 Thread 0x7ffff0056700 (LWP 73449) 0x00007ffff6a948a5 in raise () from /lib64/libc.so.6 [...] (gdb) thread 11 [Switching to thread 11 (Thread 0x7ffff0056700 (LWP 73449))]#0 0x00007ffff6a948a5 in raise () from /lib64/libc.so.6 (gdb) bt #0 0x00007ffff6a948a5 in raise () from /lib64/libc.so.6 #1 0x00007ffff6a96085 in abort () from /lib64/libc.so.6 #2 0x00007ffff6ad1fe7 in __libc_message () from /lib64/libc.so.6 #3 0x00007ffff6ad7916 in malloc_printerr () from /lib64/libc.so.6 #4 0x00007ffff6adb79f in _int_malloc () from /lib64/libc.so.6 #5 0x00007ffff6adbdd6 in calloc () from /lib64/libc.so.6 #6 0x000000000040e87f in my_calloc (re=0x7fff2867ef10, st=0, options=0x632020) at gmapper/../gmapper/../common/my-alloc.h:286 #7 read_get_hit_list_per_strand (re=0x7fff2867ef10, st=0, options=0x632020) at gmapper/mapping.c:1046 #8 0x000000000041308a in read_get_hit_list (re=<value optimized out>, options=0x632010, n_options=1) at gmapper/mapping.c:1239 #9 handle_read (re=<value optimized out>, options=0x632010, n_options=1) at gmapper/mapping.c:1806 #10 0x0000000000404f35 in launch_scan_threads (.omp_data_i=<value optimized out>) at gmapper/gmapper.c:557 #11 0x00007ffff7230502 in ?? () from /usr/lib64/libgomp.so.1 #12 0x00007ffff6dfc851 in start_thread () from /lib64/libpthread.so.0 #13 0x00007ffff6b4a11d in clone () from /lib64/libc.so.6 (gdb) f 6 #6 0x000000000040e87f in my_calloc (re=0x7fff2867ef10, st=0, options=0x632020) at gmapper/../gmapper/../common/my-alloc.h:286 286 res = calloc(size, 1); (gdb) p size $2 = 814080 (gdb) The function my_calloc() is just a wrapper, but the problem is not in there, as the real calloc() call looks legit. These are the limits set in the shell: $ ulimit -a core file size (blocks, -c) 0 data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited scheduling priority (-e) 0 file size (blocks, -f) unlimited pending signals (-i) 2067285 max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 64 max memory size (kbytes, -m) unlimited open files (-n) 1024 pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8 POSIX message queues (bytes, -q) 819200 real-time priority (-r) 0 stack size (kbytes, -s) 10240 cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited max user processes (-u) 1024 virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited file locks (-x) unlimited The program is not out of memory, it's using 41GB on a machine with 256GB available: $ top -b -n 1 | grep gmapper 73437 user 20 0 41.5g 16g 15g T 0.0 6.6 55:17.24 gmapper-ls $ free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 258437 195567 62869 0 82 189677 -/+ buffers/cache: 5807 252629 Swap: 0 0 0 I compiled using gcc (GCC) 4.4.6 20120305 (Red Hat 4.4.6-4), with flags -g -O2 -DNDEBUG -mmmx -msse -msse2 -fopenmp -Wall -Wno-deprecated -D__STDC_FORMAT_MACROS -D__STDC_LIMIT_MACROS.

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• Tuning MySQL to take advantage of a 4GB VPS

  - by alistair.mp

  Hello, We're running a large site at the moment which has a dedicated VPS for it's database server which is running MySQL and nothing else. At the moment all four CPU cores are running at close to 100% all of the time but the memory usage sticks at around 268MB out of an available 4096MB. I'm wondering what we can do to better utilise the memory and reduce the CPU load by tweaking MySQL's settings? Here is what we currently have in my.cnf: http://pastie.org/private/hxeji9o8n3u9up9mvtinbq Thanks

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• Calling COM Library From XBAP

  - by Benny

  I am trying to call an old COM library from my XBAP and continue to receive the following exception: System.AccessViolationException was unhandled Message: Attempted to read or write protected memory. This is often an indication that other memory is corrupt. I have tried adding the HKLM value for RunUnrestricted to no avail. I don't get anything else but this error when calling the library. Any ideas? (This library even works from a pure ASP.NET app)

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• Blocking on DBCP connection pool (open and close connnection). Is database connection pooling in OpenEJB pluggable?

  - by topchef

  We use OpenEJB on Tomcat (used to run on JBoss, Weblogic, etc.). While running load tests we experience significant performance problems with handling JMS messages (queues). Problem was localized to blocking on database connection pool getting or releasing connection to the pool. Blocking prevented concurrent MDB instances (threads) from running hence performance suffered 10-fold and worse. The same code used to run on application servers (with their respective connection pool implementations) with no blocking at all. Example of thread blocked: Name: JMS Resource Adapter-worker-23 State: BLOCKED on org.apache.commons.pool.impl.GenericObjectPool@1ea6b4a owned by: JMS Resource Adapter-worker-19 Total blocked: 18,426 Total waited: 0 Stack trace: org.apache.commons.pool.impl.GenericObjectPool.returnObject(GenericObjectPool.java:916) org.apache.commons.dbcp.PoolableConnection.close(PoolableConnection.java:91) - locked org.apache.commons.dbcp.PoolableConnection@1bcba8 org.apache.commons.dbcp.managed.ManagedConnection.close(ManagedConnection.java:147) com.xxxxx.persistence.DbHelper.closeConnection(DbHelper.java:290) .... Couple of questions. I am almost certain that some transactional attributes and properties contribute to this blocking, but MDBs are defined as non-transactional (we use both annotations and ejb-jar.xml). Some EJBs do use container-managed transactions though (and we can observe blocking there as well). Are there any DBCP configurations that may fix blocking? Is DBCP connection pool implementation replaceable in OpenEJB? How easy (difficult) to replace it with another library? Just in case this is how we define data source in OpenEJB (openejb.xml): <Resource id="MyDataSource" type="DataSource"> JdbcDriver oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver JdbcUrl ${oracle.jdbc} UserName ${oracle.user} Password ${oracle.password} JtaManaged true InitialSize 5 MaxActive 30 ValidationQuery SELECT 1 FROM DUAL TestOnBorrow true </Resource>

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• What is NSString in struct?

  - by 4thSpace

  I've defined a struct and want to assign one of its values to a NSMutableDictionary. When I try, I get a EXC_BAD_ACCESS. Here is the code: //in .h file typedef struct { NSString *valueOne; NSString *valueTwo; } myStruct; myStruct aStruct; //in .m file - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; aStruct.valueOne = @"firstValue"; } //at some later time [myDictionary setValue:aStruct.valueOne forKey:@"key1"]; //dies here with EXC_BAD_ACCESS This is the output in debugger console: (gdb) p aStruct.valueOne $1 = (NSString *) 0xf41850 Is there a way to tell what the value of aStruct.valueOne is? Since it is an NSString, why does the dictionary have such a problem with it? ------------- EDIT ------------- This edit is based on some comments below. The problem appears to be in the struct memory allocation. I have no issues assigning the struct value to the dictionary in viewDidLoad, as mentioned in one of the comments. The problem is that later on, I run into an issue with the struct. Just before the error, I do: po aStruct.oneValue Program received signal EXC_BAD_ACCESS, Could not access memory. Reason: KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE at address: 0x00000000 0x9895cedb in objc_msgSend () The program being debugged was signaled while in a function called from GDB. GDB has restored the context to what it was before the call. To change this behavior use "set unwindonsignal off" Evaluation of the expression containing the function (_NSPrintForDebugger) will be abandoned. This occurs just before the EXC_BAD_ACCESS: NSDateFormatter *formatter = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init]; [formatter setDateFormat:@"MM-dd-yy_HH-mm-ss-A"]; NSString *date = [formatter stringFromDate:[NSDate date]]; [formatter release]; aStruct.valueOne = date; So the memory issue is most likely in my releasing of formatter. The date var has no retain. Should I instead be doing NSString *date = [[formatter stringFromDate:[NSDate date]] retain]; Which does work but then I'm left with a memory leak.

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• Any tool(s) for knowing the layout (segments) of running process in Windows?

  - by claws

  I've always been curious about How exactly the process looks in memory? What are the different segments(parts) in it? How exactly will be the program (on the disk) & process (in the memory) are related? My previous question: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1966920/more-info-on-memory-layout-of-an-executable-program-process In my quest, I finally found a answer. I found this excellent article that cleared most of my queries: http://www.linuxforums.org/articles/understanding-elf-using-readelf-and-objdump_125.html In the above article, author shows how to get different segments of the process (LINUX) & he compares it with its corresponding ELF file. I'm quoting this section here: Courious to see the real layout of process segment? We can use /proc//maps file to reveal it. is the PID of the process we want to observe. Before we move on, we have a small problem here. Our test program runs so fast that it ends before we can even dump the related /proc entry. I use gdb to solve this. You can use another trick such as inserting sleep() before it calls return(). In a console (or a terminal emulator such as xterm) do: $ gdb test (gdb) b main Breakpoint 1 at 0x8048376 (gdb) r Breakpoint 1, 0x08048376 in main () Hold right here, open another console and find out the PID of program "test". If you want the quick way, type: $ cat /proc/`pgrep test`/maps You will see an output like below (you might get different output): [1] 0039d000-003b2000 r-xp 00000000 16:41 1080084 /lib/ld-2.3.3.so [2] 003b2000-003b3000 r--p 00014000 16:41 1080084 /lib/ld-2.3.3.so [3] 003b3000-003b4000 rw-p 00015000 16:41 1080084 /lib/ld-2.3.3.so [4] 003b6000-004cb000 r-xp 00000000 16:41 1080085 /lib/tls/libc-2.3.3.so [5] 004cb000-004cd000 r--p 00115000 16:41 1080085 /lib/tls/libc-2.3.3.so [6] 004cd000-004cf000 rw-p 00117000 16:41 1080085 /lib/tls/libc-2.3.3.so [7] 004cf000-004d1000 rw-p 004cf000 00:00 0 [8] 08048000-08049000 r-xp 00000000 16:06 66970 /tmp/test [9] 08049000-0804a000 rw-p 00000000 16:06 66970 /tmp/test [10] b7fec000-b7fed000 rw-p b7fec000 00:00 0 [11] bffeb000-c0000000 rw-p bffeb000 00:00 0 [12] ffffe000-fffff000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 Note: I add number on each line as reference. Back to gdb, type: (gdb) q So, in total, we see 12 segment (also known as Virtual Memory Area--VMA). But I want to know about Windows Process & PE file format. Any tool(s) for getting the layout (segments) of running process in Windows? Any other good resources for learning more on this subject? EDIT: Are there any good articles which shows the mapping between PE file sections & VA segments?

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• Add Data to DataRepeater Control in winform

  - by Mohsan

  hi. Visual Studio 2008 service pack 1 comes with Visual Basic Powerpack and has DataRepeatr control. i want to know that how I can add data in this control. i have in memory data. the examples i found on net are about binding DataSet to DataRepeater by fetching data from database. i want to bind in memory data. how to do this.

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• Reporting tool for OLAP, *not* OLTP!

  - by Stefan Moser

  I'm looking for a control that I can put on top of an already existing OLAP star schema to allow the user to define their own "queries" and generate reports. Right now I have some predefined reports built on top of the cubes, but I'd like to allow the user to define their own criteria based on the cubes that I've created. I've found lots of products that will allow you to treat a transactional table like an OLAP cube, but nothing specifically for pre-existing cubes. EDIT: Let me be clear, I know there are countless reporting tools out there that claim to report on OLAP cubes. The problem is they all assume they are looking at transactional data and try to create their own cubes. I have tables that contain tens, if not hundreds of millions of records. Most tools crash when handling this much data, the others just run incredible slowly. I don't want a tool that is targeting the business people. I want a tool that understands what a star and snowflake schema is. I want to be able to tell it what the fact tables are and what the dimension tables are, and then creates a UI on top of them. This is an easier problem to solve for the tool vendor because I am spoon feeding them the cubes. I want to rely on the fact that cubes are a standardized pattern and I want a tool that takes advantage of this fact. I want a tool that targets developers and starts with the assumption that I actually know how to manage my data, it just needs to build pretty reports for me and not crumble under the weight of my data.

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• ReadProcessMemory to memcpy conversion. Need help

  - by Phil

  I'm using: ReadProcessMemory(hProcess,(PVOID)(dwEngine_DLL+0x2E15C8+i),&memSnap[i],1,NULL); //Store the memory into a byte array To store a section of memory into an array of byte, but I realized this was sloppy since I'm in the same address space, but I'm not sure how to do the same thing with memcpy.

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• Accidental Complexity in OpenSSL HMAC functions

  - by Hassan Syed

  SSL Documentation Analaysis This question is pertaining the usage of the HMAC routines in OpenSSL. Since Openssl documentation is a tad on the weak side in certain areas, profiling has revealed that using the: unsigned char *HMAC(const EVP_MD *evp_md, const void *key, int key_len, const unsigned char *d, int n, unsigned char *md, unsigned int *md_len); From here, shows 40% of my library runtime is devoted to creating and taking down **HMAC_CTX's behind the scenes. There are also two additional function to create and destroy a HMAC_CTX explicetly: HMAC_CTX_init() initialises a HMAC_CTX before first use. It must be called. HMAC_CTX_cleanup() erases the key and other data from the HMAC_CTX and releases any associated resources. It must be called when an HMAC_CTX is no longer required. These two function calls are prefixed with: The following functions may be used if the message is not completely stored in memory My data fits entirely in memory, so I choose the HMAC function -- the one whose signature is shown above. The context, as described by the man page, is made use of by using the following two functions: HMAC_Update() can be called repeatedly with chunks of the message to be authenticated (len bytes at data). HMAC_Final() places the message authentication code in md, which must have space for the hash function output. The Scope of the Application My application generates a authentic (HMAC, which is also used a nonce), CBC-BF encrypted protocol buffer string. The code will be interfaced with various web-servers and frameworks Windows / Linux as OS, nginx, Apache and IIS as webservers and Python / .NET and C++ web-server filters. The description above should clarify that the library needs to be thread safe, and potentially have resumeable processing state -- i.e., lightweight threads sharing a OS thread (which might leave thread local memory out of the picture). The Question How do I get rid of the 40% overhead on each invocation in a (1) thread-safe / (2) resume-able state way ? (2) is optional since I have all of the source-data present in one go, and can make sure a digest is created in place without relinquishing control of the thread mid-digest-creation. So, (1) can probably be done using thread local memory -- but how do I resuse the CTX's ? does the HMAC_final() call make the CTX reusable ?. (2) optional: in this case I would have to create a pool of CTX's. (3) how does the HMAC function do this ? does it create a CTX in the scope of the function call and destroy it ? Psuedocode and commentary will be useful.

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• do I need to close an audio Clip?

  - by Michael

  have an application that processes real-time data and is supposed to beep when a certain event occurs. The triggering event can occur multiple times per second, and if the beep is already playing when another event triggers the code is just supposed to ignore it (as opposed to interrupting the current beep and starting a new one). Here is the basic code: Clip clickClip public void prepareProcess() { super.prepareProcess(); clickClip = null; try { clipFile = new File("C:/WINDOWS/Media/CHIMES.wav"); ais = AudioSystem.getAudioInputStream(clipFile); clickClip = AudioSystem.getClip(); clickClip.open(ais); fileIsLoaded = true; } catch (Exception ex) { clickClip = null; fileIsLoaded = false; } } public void playSound() { if (fileIsLoaded) { if ((clickClip==null) || (!clickClip.isRunning())) { try { clickClip.setFramePosition(0); clickClip.start(); } catch (Exception ex) { System.out.println("Cannot play click noise"); ex.printStackTrace(); } } } The prepareProcess method gets run once in the beginning, and the playSound method is called every time a triggering event occurs. My question is: do I need to close the clickClip object? I know I could add an actionListener to monitor for a Stop event, but since the event occurs so frequently I'm worried the extra processing is going to slow down the real-time data collection. The code seems to run fine, but my worry is memory leaks. The code above is based on an example I found while searching the net, but the example used an actionListener to close the Clip specifically "to eliminate memory leaks that would occur when the stop method wasn't implemented". My program is intended to run for hours so any memory leaks I have will cause problems. I'll be honest: I have no idea how to verify whether or not I've got a problem. I'm using Netbeans, and running the memory profiler just gave me a huge list of things that I don't know how to read. This is supposed to be the simple part of the program, and I'm spending hours on it. Any help would be greatly appreciated! Michael

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• Sound Manager Classes for Windows

  - by Yakov

  I need some classes for playing short wav sounds, this classes would load this wav files into memory when an instance created, play sounds in background when needed, release this wav files from memory when an instance disposed. How can I do this on C# for windows (.Net 2.0)? (Win API's sndPlaySound, OpenAL or may be any wrapper) Ideally I would love to find an exist solution that simple and able to solve my task. Do you know any solutions for this issue?

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