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  • Dynamic stack allocation in C++

    - by Poni
    I want to allocate memory on the stack. Heard of _alloca / alloca and I understand that these are compiler-specific stuff, which I don't like. So, I came-up with my own solution (which might have it's own flaws) and I want you to review/improve it so for once and for all we'll have this code working: /*#define allocate_on_stack(pointer, size) \ __asm \ { \ mov [pointer], esp; \ sub esp, [size]; \ }*/ /*#define deallocate_from_stack(size) \ __asm \ { \ add esp, [size]; \ }*/ void test() { int buff_size = 4 * 2; char *buff = 0; __asm { // allocate mov [buff], esp; sub esp, [buff_size]; } // playing with the stack-allocated memory for(int i = 0; i < buff_size; i++) buff[i] = 0x11; __asm { // deallocate add esp, [buff_size]; } } void main() { __asm int 3h; test(); } Compiled with VC9. What flaws do you see in it? Me for example, not sure that subtracting from ESP is the solution for "any kind of CPU". Also, I'd like to make the commented-out macros work but for some reason I can't.

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  • SQL using sum to count results of multiple subqueries

    - by asdas
    I have a table with 2 columns: integer and var char. I am given only the integer values but need to do work on the var char (string) values. Given an integer, and a list of other integers (no overlap), I want to find the string for that single integer. Then I want to take that string and do the INSTR command with that string, and all the other strings for all the other integers. Then I want the sum of all the INSTR so the result is one number. So lets say I have int x, and list y=[y0, y1, y2]. I want to do 3 INSTR commands like SUM(INSTR(string for x, string for y0), INSTR(string for x, string for y1), INSTR(string for x, string for y2)) I think im going in the wrong direction, this is what I have. Im not good with sub queries. SELECT SUM ( SELECT INSTR ( SELECT string FROM pages WHERE int=? LIMIT 1, ( SELECT string FROM pages WHERE id=? OR id=? OR id=? LIMIT 3 ) ) )

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  • Help with GetGlyphOutline function(WinAPI)

    - by user146780
    I want to use this function to get contours and within these contours, I want to get cubic bezier. I think I have to call it with GGO_BEZIER. What puzzles me is how the return buffer works. "A glyph outline is returned as a series of one or more contours defined by a TTPOLYGONHEADER structure followed by one or more curves. Each curve in the contour is defined by a TTPOLYCURVE structure followed by a number of POINTFX data points. POINTFX points are absolute positions, not relative moves. The starting point of a contour is given by the pfxStart member of the TTPOLYGONHEADER structure. The starting point of each curve is the last point of the previous curve or the starting point of the contour. The count of data points in a curve is stored in the cpfx member of TTPOLYCURVE structure. The size of each contour in the buffer, in bytes, is stored in the cb member of TTPOLYGONHEADER structure. Additional curve definitions are packed into the buffer following preceding curves and additional contours are packed into the buffer following preceding contours. The buffer contains as many contours as fit within the buffer returned by GetGlyphOutline." I'm really not sure how to access the contours. I know that I can change a pointer another type of pointer but i'm not sure how I go about getting the contours based on this documentation. Thanks

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  • Function pointers in Objective-C

    - by Stefan Klumpp
    I have the following scenario: Class_A - method_U - method_V - method_X - method_Y Class_B - method_M - method_N HttpClass - startRequest - didReceiveResponse // is a callback Now I want to realize these three flows (actually there are many more, but these are enough to demonstrate my question): Class_A :: method_X -> HttpClass :: startRequest:params -> ... wait, wait, wait ... -> HttpClass :: didReceiveResponse -> Class_A :: method_Y:result and: Class_A :: method_U -> HttpClass :: startRequest:params -> ... wait, wait, wait ... -> HttpClass :: didReceiveResponse -> Class_A :: method_V:result and the last one: Class_B :: method_M -> HttpClass :: startRequest:params -> ... wait, wait, wait ... -> HttpClass :: didReceiveResponse -> Class_B :: method_N:result Please note, that the methods in Class_A and Class_B have different names and functionality, they just make us of the same HttpClass. My solution now would be to pass a C function pointer to startRequest, store it in the HttpClass and when didReceiveResponse gets called I invoke the function pointer and pass the result (which will always be a JSON Dictionary). Now I'm wondering if there can be any problems using plain C or if there are better solutions doing it in a more Objective-C way. Any ideas?

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  • Test Driven Development with C++: How to test a class which depends on other classes?

    - by Nikhil
    Suppose I have a class A which depends on 3 other classes X, Y and Z, either A uses these through a reference or a pointer or say A is templated to be instantiated with X, Y and Z doesn't matter, the key is that in order to test A, I need to have X, Y and Z. So I need to have fakes for A, B and C. Suppose I write them. Now, how do I swap real and fake objects easily? I can see that this works very easily in the case of templates. In order to make it work when A depends on X, Y and Z through a reference or a pointer, I would need to have a base class say X_Interface from which I can inherit X_Real and X_Fake. So basically, I would end up in having 3 times the number of classes for every class that would need to have a fake. I am most likely missing something. There has to be a simpler way to do this. Having a base class X_Interface is also quite expensive as I will be using more space and making virtual calls. I guess I could use CRTP as I know whether its a X_Real or X_Fake at compile time but still there must be a better way.

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  • g++ Linking Error on Mac while compiling FFMPEG

    - by Saptarshi Biswas
    g++ on Snow Leopard is throwing linking errors on the following piece of code test.cpp #include <iostream> using namespace std; #include <libavcodec/avcodec.h> // required headers #include <libavformat/avformat.h> int main(int argc, char**argv) { av_register_all(); // offending library call return 0; } When I try to compile this using the following command g++ test.cpp -I/usr/local/include -L/usr/local/lib \ -lavcodec -lavformat -lavutil -lz -lm -o test I get the error Undefined symbols: "av_register_all()", referenced from: _main in ccUD1ueX.o ld: symbol(s) not found collect2: ld returned 1 exit status Interestingly, if I have an equivalent c code, test.c #include <stdio.h> #include <libavcodec/avcodec.h> #include <libavformat/avformat.h> int main(int argc, char**argv) { av_register_all(); return 0; } gcc compiles it just fine gcc test.c -I/usr/local/include -L/usr/local/lib \ -lavcodec -lavformat -lavutil -lz -lm -o test I am using Mac OS X 10.6.5 $ g++ --version i686-apple-darwin10-g++-4.2.1 (GCC) 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5664) $ gcc --version i686-apple-darwin10-gcc-4.2.1 (GCC) 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5664) FFMPEG's libavcodec, libavformat etc. are C libraries and I have built them on my machine like thus: ./configure --enable-gpl --enable-pthreads --enable-shared \ --disable-doc --enable-libx264 make && sudo make install As one would expect, libavformat indeed contains the symbol av_register_all $ nm /usr/local/lib/libavformat.a | grep av_register_all 0000000000000000 T _av_register_all 00000000000089b0 S _av_register_all.eh I am inclined to believe g++ and gcc have different views of the libraries on my machine. g++ is not able to pick up the right libraries. Any clue?

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  • How to create a "Shell IDList Array" to support drag-and-drop of virtual files from C# to Windows Ex

    - by JustABill
    I started trying to implement drag-and-drop of virtual files (from a C# 4/WPF app) with this codeplex tutorial. After spending some time trying to figure out a DV_E_FORMATETC error, I figured out I need to support the "Shell IDList Array" data format. But there seems to be next to zero documentation on what this format actually does. After some searching, I found this page on advanced data transfer which said that a Shell IDList Array was a pointer to a CIDA structure. This CIDA structure then contains the number of PIDLs, and a list of offsets to them. So what the hell is a PIDL? After some more searching, this page sort of implies it's a pointer to an ITEMIDLIST, which itself contains a single member that is a list of SHITEMIDs. My next idea was to try dragging a file from another application with virtual files. I just got a MemoryStream back for this format. At least I know what class to provide for the thing, but that doesn't help at all for explaining what to put in it. So now that that's explained, I still have no idea how to create one of these things so that it's valid. There's two real questions here: What is a valid "abID" member for a SHITEMID? These virtual files only exist with my program; will the thing they are dragged to pass the "abID" back later when it executes GetData? Do they have to be system-unique? Why are there two levels of lists; a list of PIDLs and each PIDL has a list of SHITEMIDs? I'm assuming one of them is one for each file, but what's the other one for? Multiple IDs for the same file? Any help or even links that explain what I should be doing would be greatly appreciated.

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  • How to give a textbox a fixed width of 17,5 cm?

    - by Natrium
    I have an application with a textbox, and the width of the textbox on the screen must always be 17,5 centimeters on the screen of the user. This is what I tried so far: const double centimeter = 17.5; // the width I need const double inches = centimeter * 0.393700787; // convert centimeter to inches float dpi = GetDpiX(); // get the dpi. 96 in my case. var pixels = dpi*inches; // this should give me the amount of pixels textbox1.Width = Convert.ToInt32(pixels); // set it. Done. private float GetDpiX() { floar returnValue; Graphics graphics = CreateGraphics(); returnValue = graphics.DpiX; graphics.Dispose(); // don’t forget to release the unnecessary resources return returnValue; } But this gives me different sizes with different resolutions. It gives me 13 cm with 1680 x 1050 and 19,5 cm with 1024 x 768. What am I doing wrong?

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  • Detecting Inheritence during compile time

    - by Jagannath
    I am unable to figure out why this code is returning false. I had the first version of partial specialization. It did not work, I tried with the second version. It did not work either. UPDATE: I wanted to check if "Derived" is publicly derived from "Base". template<class TBase, class TDerived> struct IsDerived { public: enum { isDerived = false }; }; template<class TBase> struct IsDerived<TBase, TBase> { public: enum { isDerived = true }; }; template<class TBase> struct IsDerived<TBase&, TBase&> { public: enum { isDerived = true }; }; int main() { cout << ((IsDerived<Base&, Derived&>::isDerived) ? "true" : "false") << endl; cout << ((IsDerived<const Derived*, const Base*>::isDerived) ? "true" : "false") << endl; }

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  • C# Web Service gets stuck waiting for lock, does not return

    - by blue
    We have a C#(2.0) application which talks to our server(in java) via web services. Lately we have started seeing following behavior in (ONLY)one of our lab machines(XP): Once in a while(every few days), one of the webservice request will just get stuck, will not return or timeout. Following is the stacktrace where it seem to be stuck. Have no clue what is going on here. Any pointer would be of great help. ESP EIP 05eceeec 7c90eb94 [GCFrame: 05eceeec] 05ecefbc 7c90eb94 [HelperMethodFrame_1OBJ: 05ecefbc] System.Threading.Monitor.Enter(System.Object) 05ecf014 7a5b0034 System.Net.ConnectionGroup.Disassociate(System.Net.Connection) 05ecf040 7a5aeaa7 System.Net.Connection.PrepareCloseConnectionSocket(System.Net.ConnectionReturnResult ByRef) 05ecf0a4 7a5ac0e1 System.Net.Connection.ReadStartNextRequest(System.Net.WebRequest, System.Net.ConnectionReturnResult ByRef) 05ecf0e8 7a5b1119 System.Net.ConnectStream.CallDone(System.Net.ConnectionReturnResult) 05ecf0fc 7a5b3b5a System.Net.ConnectStream.ReadChunkedSync(Byte[], Int32, Int32) 05ecf114 7a5b2b90 System.Net.ConnectStream.ReadWithoutValidation(Byte[], Int32, Int32, Boolean) 05ecf160 7a5b29cc System.Net.ConnectStream.Read(Byte[], Int32, Int32) 05ecf1a0 79473cab System.IO.StreamReader.ReadBuffer(Char[], Int32, Int32, Boolean ByRef) 05ecf1c4 79473bd6 System.IO.StreamReader.Read(Char[], Int32, Int32) 05ecf1e8 69c29119 System.Xml.XmlTextReaderImpl.ReadData() 05ecf1f8 69c2ad70 System.Xml.XmlTextReaderImpl.ParseDocumentContent() 05ecf20c 69c292d7 System.Xml.XmlTextReaderImpl.Read() 05ecf21c 69c2929d System.Xml.XmlTextReader.Read() 05ecf220 6991b3e7 System.Web.Services.Protocols.SoapHttpClientProtocol.ReadResponse(System.Web.Services.Protocols.SoapClientMessage, System.Net.WebResponse, System.IO.Stream, Boolean) 05ecf268 69919ed1 System.Web.Services.Protocols.SoapHttpClientProtocol.Invoke(System.String, System.Object[])

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  • C++ return a "NULL" object if search result not found

    - by aduric
    I'm pretty new to C++ so I tend to design with a lot of Java-isms while I'm learning. Anyway, in Java, if I had class with a 'search' method that would return an object T from a Collection< T that matched a specific parameter, I would return that object and if the object was not found in the collection, I would return a NULL. Then in my calling function I would just check if(T != NULL) { ... } In C++, I'm finding out that I can't return a NULL if the object doesn't exist. I just want to return an 'indicator' of type T that notifies the calling function that no object has been found. I don't want to throw an exception because it's not really an exceptional circumstance. class Node { .... Attr& getAttribute(const string& attribute_name) const { //search collection //if found at i return attributes[i]; //if not found return NULL; } private: vector<Attr> attributes; }

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  • How to read data from file(.dat) in append mode

    - by govardhan
    We have an application which requires us to read data from a file (.dat) dynamically using deserialization. We are actually getting first object and it throws null pointer exception and "java.io.StreamCorruptedException:invalid type code:AC" when we are accessing other objects using a "for" loop. File file=null; FileOutputStream fos=null; BufferedOutputStream bos=null; ObjectOutputStream oos=null; try{ file=new File("account4.dat"); fos=new FileOutputStream(file,true); bos=new BufferedOutputStream(fos); oos=new ObjectOutputStream(bos); oos.writeObject(m); System.out.println("object serialized"); amlist=new MemberAccountList(); oos.close(); } catch(Exception ex){ ex.printStackTrace(); } Reading objects: try{ MemberAccount m1; file=new File("account4.dat");//add your code here fis=new FileInputStream(file); bis=new BufferedInputStream(fis); ois=new ObjectInputStream(bis); System.out.println(ois.readObject()); **while(ois.readObject()!=null){ m1=(MemberAccount)ois.readObject(); System.out.println(m1.toString()); }/*mList.addElement(m1);** // Here we have the issue throwing null pointer exception Enumeration elist=mList.elements(); while(elist.hasMoreElements()){ obj=elist.nextElement(); System.out.println(obj.toString()); }*/ } catch(ClassNotFoundException e){ } catch(EOFException e){ System.out.println("end"); } catch(Exception ex){ ex.printStackTrace(); }

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  • Returning object from function

    - by brainydexter
    I am really confused now on how and which method to use to return object from a function. I want some feedback on the solutions for the given requirements. Scenario A: The returned object is to be stored in a variable which need not be modified during its lifetime. Thus, const Foo SomeClass::GetFoo() { return Foo(); } invoked as: someMethod() { const Foo& l_Foo = someClassPInstance->GetFoo(); //... } Scneraio B: The returned object is to be stored in a variable which will be modified during its lifetime. Thus, void SomeClass::GetFoo(Foo& a_Foo_ref) { a_Foo_ref = Foo(); } invoked as: someMethod() { Foo l_Foo; someClassPInstance-GetFoo(l_Foo); //... } I have one question here: Lets say that Foo cannot have a default constructor. Then how would you deal with that in this situation, since we cant write this anymore: Foo l_Foo Scenario C: Foo SomeClass::GetFoo() { return Foo(); } invoked as: someMethod() { Foo l_Foo = someClassPInstance->GetFoo(); //... } I think this is not the recommended approach since it would incur constructing extra temporaries. What do you think ? Also, do you recommend a better way to handle this instead ?

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  • How to deal with Unicode strings in C/C++ in a cross-platform friendly way?

    - by Sorin Sbarnea
    On platforms different than Windows you could easily use char * strings and treat them as UTF-8. The problem is that on Windows you are required to accept and send messages using wchar* strings (W). If you'll use the ANSI functions (A) you will not support Unicode. So if you want to write truly portable application you need to compile it as Unicode on Windows. Now, In order to keep the code clean I would like to see what is the recommended way of dealing with strings, a way that minimize ugliness in the code. Type of strings you may need: std::string, std::wstring, std::tstring,char *,wchat_t *, TCHAR*, CString (ATL one). Issues you may encounter: cout/cerr/cin and their Unicode variants wcout,wcerr,wcin all renamed wide string functions and their TCHAR macros - like strcmp, wcscmp and _tcscmp. constant strings inside code, with TCHAR you will have to fill your code with _T() macros. What approach do you see as being best? (examples are welcome) Personally I would go for a std::tstring approach but I would like to see how would do to the conversions where they are necessary.

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  • Android AES and init vector

    - by Donald_W
    I have an issue with AES encryptio and decryption: I can change my IV entirely and still I'm able to decode my data. public static final byte[] IV = { 65, 1, 2, 23, 4, 5, 6, 7, 32, 21, 10, 11, 12, 13, 84, 45 }; public static final byte[] IV2 = { 65, 1, 2, 23, 45, 54, 61, 81, 32, 21, 10, 121, 12, 13, 84, 45 }; public static final byte[] KEY = { 0, 42, 2, 54, 4, 45, 6, 7, 65, 9, 54, 11, 12, 13, 60, 15 }; public static final byte[] KEY2 = { 0, 42, 2, 54, 43, 45, 16, 17, 65, 9, 54, 11, 12, 13, 60, 15 }; //public static final int BITS = 256; public static void test() { try { // encryption Cipher c = Cipher.getInstance("AES"); SecretKeySpec keySpec = new SecretKeySpec(KEY, "AES"); c.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, keySpec, new IvParameterSpec(IV)); String s = "Secret message"; byte[] data = s.getBytes(); byte[] encrypted = c.doFinal(data); String encryptedStr = ""; for (int i = 0; i < encrypted.length; i++) encryptedStr += (char) encrypted[i]; //decryoption Cipher d_c = Cipher.getInstance("AES"); SecretKeySpec d_keySpec = new SecretKeySpec(KEY, "AES"); d_c.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, d_keySpec, new IvParameterSpec(IV2)); byte[] decrypted = d_c.doFinal(encrypted); String decryptedStr = ""; for (int i = 0; i < decrypted.length; i++) decryptedStr += (char) decrypted[i]; Log.d("", decryptedStr); } catch (Exception ex) { Log.d("", ex.getMessage()); } } Any ideas what I'm doing wrong? How can I get 256 bit AES encryption (only change key to 32-byte long array?) Encryption is a new topic for me so please for newbie friendly answers.

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  • Printing a field with additional dots in haskell

    - by Frank Kluyt
    I'm writing a function called printField. This function takes an int and a string as arguments and then then prints a field like this "Derp..." with this: printField 7 "Derp". When the field consists of digits the output should be "...3456". The function I wrote looks like this: printField :: Int -> String -> String printField x y = if isDigit y then concat(replicate n ".") ++ y else y ++ concat(replicate n ".") where n = x - length y This obviously isn't working. The error I get from GHC is: Couldn't match type `[Char]' with `Char' Expected type: Char Actual type: String In the first argument of `isDigit', namely `y' In the expression: isDigit y In the expression: if isDigit y then concat (replicate n ".") ++ y else y ++ concat (replicate n ".") I can't get it to work :(. Can anyone help me out? Please keep in mind that I'm new to Haskell and functional programming in general.

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  • problem with converting simple code to silverlight app.

    - by Sara
    Hi. I have this code for window form application and I have been attempting to convert it to a Silverlight application but it does not work!. There is a Textbox and I attached KeyDown event handler to it. when the user press the arrow key ( left or right) while the focus on the textbox, it will write . or -. When it is window form i used e.KeyCode and Keys.Right and its works great but when it is silverlight I used e.Key and key.Right and the program doesn't work good because the arrows do the 2 functions moving and write ./-. How I can work this out in Silverlight? (My English not good) The code ( window form): private void textBox1_KeyDown(object sender, KeyEventArgs e) { if (sender is TextBox) { TextBox textBox = (TextBox)sender; if (e.KeyCode == Keys.Left || e.KeyCode == Keys.Right) { e.Handled = true; char insert; if (e.KeyCode == Keys.Left) { insert = '.'; } else { insert = '-'; } int i = textBox.SelectionStart; textBox.Text = textBox.Text.Insert(i, insert.ToString()); textBox.Select(i + 1, 0); } } } (and Silverlight): private void textBox1_KeyDown(object sender, KeyEventArgs e) { if (sender is TextBox) { TextBox textBox = (TextBox)sender; if (e.Key == Key.Left || e.Key == Key.Right) { e.Handled = true; char insert; if (e.Key == Key.Left) { insert = '.'; } else { insert = '-'; } int i = textBox.SelectionStart; textBox.Text = textBox.Text.Insert(i, insert.ToString()); textBox.Select(i + 1, 0); } } } I don't understand, is there huge different effect between using Keycode/Keys and Key/Key or because something else?

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  • template specialization of a auto_ptr<T>

    - by Chris Kaminski
    Maybe I'm overcomplicating things, but then again, I do sort of like clean interfaces. Let's say I want a specialization of auto_ptr for an fstream - I want a default fstream for the generic case, but allow a replacement pointer? tempate <> class auto_ptr<fstream> static fstream myfStream; fstream* ptr; public: auto_ptr() { // set ptr to &myfStream; } reset(fstream* newPtr) { // free old ptr if not the static one. ptr = newPtr }; } Would you consider something different or more elegant? And how would you keep something like the above from propagating outside this particular compilation unit? [The actual template is a boost::scoped_ptr.] EDIT: It's a contrived example. Ignore the fstream - it's about providing a default instance of object for an auto_ptr. I may not want to provide a specialized instance, but would like to keep the auto_ptr semantics for this static default object. class UserClass { public: auto_ptr<fstream> ptr; UserClass() { } } I may not provide an dynamic object at construction time - I still want it to have a meaningful default. Since I'm not looking at ownership-transfer semantics, it really shouldn't matter that my pointer class is pointing to a statically allocated object, no?

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  • How can I render an in-memory UIViewController's view Landscape?

    - by Aaron
    I'm trying to render an in-memory (but not in hierarchy, yet) UIViewController's view into an in-memory image buffer so I can do some interesting transition animations. However, when I render the UIViewController's view into that buffer, it is always rendering as though the controller is in Portrait orientation, no matter the orientation of the rest of the app. How do I clue this controller in? My code in RootViewController looks like this: MyUIViewController* controller = [[MyUIViewController alloc] init]; int width = self.view.frame.size.width; int height = self.view.frame.size.height; int bitmapBytesPerRow = width * 4; unsigned char *offscreenData = calloc(bitmapBytesPerRow * height, sizeof(unsigned char)); CGColorSpaceRef colorSpace = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB(); CGContextRef offscreenContext = CGBitmapContextCreate(offscreenData, width, height, 8, bitmapBytesPerRow, colorSpace, kCGImageAlphaPremultipliedLast); CGContextTranslateCTM(offscreenContext, 0.0f, height); CGContextScaleCTM(offscreenContext, 1.0f, -1.0f); [(CALayer*)[controller.view layer] renderInContext:offscreenContext]; At that point, the offscreen memory buffers contents are portrait-oriented, even when the window is in landscape orientation. Ideas?

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  • [Ruby] Object assignment and pointers

    - by Jergason
    I am a little confused about object assignment and pointers in Ruby, and coded up this snippet to test my assumptions. class Foo attr_accessor :one, :two def initialize(one, two) @one = one @two = two end end bar = Foo.new(1, 2) beans = bar puts bar puts beans beans.one = 2 puts bar puts beans puts beans.one puts bar.one I had assumed that when I assigned bar to beans, it would create a copy of the object, and modifying one would not affect the other. Alas, the output shows otherwise. ^_^[jergason:~]$ ruby test.rb #<Foo:0x100155c60> #<Foo:0x100155c60> #<Foo:0x100155c60> #<Foo:0x100155c60> 2 2 I believe that the numbers have something to do with the address of the object, and they are the same for both beans and bar, and when I modify beans, bar gets changed as well, which is not what I had expected. It appears that I am only creating a pointer to the object, not a copy of it. What do I need to do to copy the object on assignment, instead of creating a pointer? Tests with the Array class shows some strange behavior as well. foo = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5] baz = foo puts "foo is #{foo}" puts "baz is #{baz}" foo.pop puts "foo is #{foo}" puts "baz is #{baz}" foo += ["a hill of beans is a wonderful thing"] puts "foo is #{foo}" puts "baz is #{baz}" This produces the following wonky output: foo is 012345 baz is 012345 foo is 01234 baz is 01234 foo is 01234a hill of beans is a wonderful thing baz is 01234 This blows my mind. Calling pop on foo affects baz as well, so it isn't a copy, but concatenating something onto foo only affects foo, and not baz. So when am I dealing with the original object, and when am I dealing with a copy? In my own classes, how can I make sure that assignment copies, and doesn't make pointers? Help this confused guy out.

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  • Optimize a MySQL count each duplicate Query

    - by Onema
    I have the following query That gets the city name, city id, the region name, and a count of duplicate names for that record: SELECT Country_CA.City AS currentCity, Country_CA.CityID, globe_region.region_name, ( SELECT count(Country_CA.City) FROM Country_CA WHERE City LIKE currentCity ) as counter FROM Country_CA LEFT JOIN globe_region ON globe_region.region_id = Country_CA.RegionID AND globe_region.country_code = Country_CA.CountryCode ORDER BY City This example is for Canada, and the cities will be displayed on a dropdown list. There are a few towns in Canada, and in other countries, that have the same names. Therefore I want to know if there is more than one town with the same name region name will be appended to the town name. Region names are found in the globe_region table. Country_CA and globe_region look similar to this (I have changed a few things for visualization purposes) CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `Country_CA` ( `City` varchar(75) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `RegionID` varchar(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `CountryCode` varchar(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `CityID` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', PRIMARY KEY (`City`,`RegionID`), KEY `CityID` (`CityID`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; AND CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `globe_region` ( `country_code` char(2) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL, `region_code` char(2) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL, `region_name` varchar(50) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`country_code`,`region_code`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_unicode_ci; The query on the top does exactly what I want it to do, but It takes way too long to generate a list for 5000 records. I would like to know if there is a way to optimize the sub-query in order to obtain the same results faster. the results should look like this City CityID region_name counter sheraton 2349269 British Columbia 1 sherbrooke 2349270 Quebec 2 sherbrooke 2349271 Nova Scotia 2 shere 2349273 British Columbia 1 sherridon 2349274 Manitoba 1

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  • Can I specify default value?

    - by atch
    Why is it that for user defined types when creating an array of objects every element of this array is initialized with default ctor but when I create built-in type this isn't the case? And second question: is it possible to specify default value to be used while initialize? Something like this (not valid): char* p = new char[size]('\0'); And another question in this topic while I'm with arrays. I suppose that when creating an array of user defined type and knowing the fact that every elem. of this array will be initialized with default value firstly why? If arrays for built in types do not initialize their elems. with their dflts why do they do it for UDT, and secondly: is there a way to switch it off/avoid/circumvent somehow? It seems like bit of a waste if I for example have created an array with size 10000 and then 10000 times dflt ctor will be invoked and I will (later on) overwrite this values anyway. I think that behaviour should be consistent, so either every type of array should be initialized or none. And I think that the behaviour for built-in arrays is more appropriate.

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  • How to call a function from another class file

    - by Guy Parker
    I am very familiar with writing VB based applications but am new to Xcode (and Objective C). I have gone through numerous tutorials on the web and understand the basics and how to interact with Interface Builder etc. However, I am really struggling with some basic concepts of the C language and would be grateful for any help you can offer. Heres my problem… I have a simple iphone app which has a view controller (FirstViewController) and a subview (SecondViewController) with associated header and class files. In the FirstViewController.m have a function defined @implementation FirstViewController (void) writeToServer:(const uint8_t ) buf { [oStream write:buf maxLength:strlen((char)buf)]; } It doesn't really matter what the function is. I want to use this function in my SecondViewController, so in SecondViewController.m I import FirstViewController.h import "SecondViewController.h" import "FirstViewController.h" @implementation SecondViewController -(IBAction) SetButton: (id) sender { NSString *s = [@"Fill:" stringByAppendingString: FillLevelValue.text]; NSString *strToSend = [s stringByAppendingString: @":"]; const uint8_t *str = (uint8_t *) [strToSend cStringUsingEncoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding]; FillLevelValue.text = strToSend; [FirstViewController writeToServer:str]; } This last line is where my problem is. XCode tells me that FirstViewController may not respond to writeToServer. And when I try to run the application it crashes when this function is called. I guess I don't fully understand how to share functions and more importantly, the relationship between classes. In an ideal world I would create a global class to place my functions in and call them as required. Any advice gratefully received.

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  • How to create a generic C free function .

    - by nomemory
    I have some C structures related to a 'list' data structure. They look like this. struct nmlist_element_s { void *data; struct nmlist_element_s *next; }; typedef struct nmlist_element_s nmlist_element; struct nmlist_s { void (*destructor)(void *data); int (*cmp)(const void *e1, const void *e2); unsigned int size; nmlist_element *head; nmlist_element *tail; }; typedef struct nmlist_s nmlist; This way I can have different data types being hold in "nmlist_element-data" . The "constructor" (in terms of OOP) has the following signature: nmlist *nmlist_alloc(void (*destructor)(void *data)); Where "destructor" is specific function that de-allocated "data" (being hold by the nmlist_element). If I want to have a list containing integers as data, my "destructor" would like this: void int_destructor(void *data) { free((int*)data); } Still i find it rather "unfriendly" for me to write a destructor functions for every simple primitive data type. So is there a trick to write something like this ? (for primitives): void "x"_destructor(void *data, "x") { free(("x" *)data); } PS: I am not a macro fan myself, and in my short experience regarding C, i don't use them, unless necessary.

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  • How to use VBA to colour pie chart

    - by Timon Heinomann
    I have the following code in which the code tries to create a bubble chart with pie charts as the bubbles. As in this version colour themes are used to create a different colour in each pie chart (bulbble) in the function part I have the problem that it works depending on the paths to the colour paletts. Is there an easy way to make the function in a way that it works independently of those paths either by coding a colour for each pie chart segment or by using standardize paths (probably not possible, not preferable). Sub PieMarkers() Dim chtMarker As Chart Dim chtMain As Chart Dim intPoint As Integer Dim rngRow As Range Dim lngPointIndex As Long Dim thmColor As Long Dim myTheme As String Application.ScreenUpdating = False Set chtMarker = ActiveSheet.ChartObjects("chtMarker").Chart Set chtMain = ActiveSheet.ChartObjects("chtMain").Chart Set chtMain = ActiveSheet.ChartObjects("chtMain").Chart Set rngRow = Range(ThisWorkbook.Names("PieChartValues").RefersTo) For Each rngRow In Range("PieChartValues").Rows chtMarker.SeriesCollection(1).Values = rngRow ThisWorkbook.Theme.ThemeColorScheme.Load GetColorScheme(thmColor) chtMarker.Parent.CopyPicture xlScreen, xlPicture lngPointIndex = lngPointIndex + 1 chtMain.SeriesCollection(1).Points(lngPointIndex).Paste thmColor = thmColor + 1 Next lngPointIndex = 0 Application.ScreenUpdating = True End Sub Function GetColorScheme(i As Long) As String Const thmColor1 As String = "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Document Themes 15\Theme Colors\Blue Green.xml" Const thmColor2 As String = "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Document Themes 15\Theme Colors\Orange Red.xml" Select Case i Mod 2 Case 0 GetColorScheme = thmColor1 Case 1 GetColorScheme = thmColor2 End Select End Function The code copies a single chart again and again on the bubbles. So I woudl like to alter the Function (now called Get colourscheme) into a fucntion that assigns a a unqiue rgb colour to each segment of each pie chart

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