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  • return value (not a reference) from the function, bound to a const reference in the calling function

    - by brainydexter
    "If you return a value (not a reference) from the function, then bind it to a const reference in the calling function, its lifetime would be extended to the scope of the calling function." So: const BoundingBox Player::GetBoundingBox(void) { return BoundingBox( &GetBoundingSphere() ); } Returns a value of type const BoundingBox from function GetBoundingBox() Called function: (From within function Update() the following is called:) variant I: (Bind it to a const reference) const BoundingBox& l_Bbox = l_pPlayer->GetBoundingBox(); variant II: (Bind it to a const copy) const BoundingBox l_Bbox = l_pPlayer->GetBoundingBox(); Both work fine and I don't see the l_Bbox object going out of scope. (Though, I understand in variant one, the copy constructor is not called and thus is slightly better than variant II). Also, for comparison, I made the following changes. BoundingBox Player::GetBoundingBox(void) { return BoundingBox( &GetBoundingSphere() ); } with Variants: I BoundingBox& l_Bbox = l_pPlayer->GetBoundingBox(); and II: BoundingBox l_Bbox = l_pPlayer->GetBoundingBox(); The objet l_Bbox still does not out scope. So, I don't see how "bind it to a const reference in the calling function, its lifetime would be extended to the scope of the calling function", really extends the lifetime of the object to the scope of the calling function ? Am I missing something trivial here..please explain .. Thanks a lot

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  • Which kind of sitemap directory should I build for a search based navigation site

    - by Noam
    I have a search based navigation web-site. Each query has filters as well as sort-by. The search results point to end-pages inside the site. Each of those pages has many outlinks to other end-pages. Currently I have a XML sitemap which directs crawlers to all the end pages. I'm trying to add a silo sitemap directory to improve SEO. Assuming this is the right direction I have a couple of options: end pages sorted alphabetically. Pages by major search filters, and then divide alphabetically. Pages for every filter and cross option between them and the sort-by. Which would you recommend and why?

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  • Should boost library be dependent on structure member alignments?

    - by Sorin Sbarnea
    I found, the hard way, that at least boost::program_options is dependent of the compiler configured structure member alignment. If you build boost using default settings and link it with a project using 4 bytes alignment (/Zp4) it will fail at runtime (made a minimal test with program_options). Boost will generate an assert indicating a possible bad calling convention but the real reason is the structure member alignment. Is there any way to prevent this? If the alignment makes the code incompatible shouldn't this be included in library naming?

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  • Why does my C++ LinkedList cause a EXC_BAD_ACCESS?

    - by Anthony Glyadchenko
    When I call the cmremoveNode method in my LinkedList from outside code, I get an EXC_BAD_ACCESS. /* * LinkedList.h * Lab 6 * * Created by Anthony Glyadchenko on 3/22/10. * Copyright 2010 __MyCompanyName__. All rights reserved. * */ #include <stdio.h> #include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include <iomanip> using namespace std; class ctNode { friend class ctlinkList ; // friend class allowed to access private data private: string sfileWord ; // used to allocate and store input word int iwordCnt ; // number of word occurrances ctNode* ctpnext ; // point of Type Node, points to next link list element }; class ctlinkList { private: ctNode* ctphead ; // initialized by constructor public: ctlinkList () { ctphead = NULL ; } ctNode* gethead () { return ctphead ; } string cminsertNode (string svalue) { ctNode* ctptmpHead = ctphead ; if ( ctphead == NULL ) { // allocate new and set head ctptmpHead = ctphead = new ctNode ; ctphead -> ctpnext = NULL ; ctphead -> sfileWord = svalue ; } else { //find last ctnode do { if ( ctptmpHead -> ctpnext != NULL ) ctptmpHead = ctptmpHead -> ctpnext ; } while ( ctptmpHead -> ctpnext != NULL ) ; // fall thru found last node ctptmpHead -> ctpnext = new ctNode ; ctptmpHead = ctptmpHead -> ctpnext ; ctptmpHead -> ctpnext = NULL ; ctptmpHead -> sfileWord = svalue ; } return ctptmpHead -> sfileWord ; } string cmreturnNode (string svalue) { return NULL; } string cmremoveNode (string svalue) { if (ctphead == NULL) return NULL; ctNode *tmpHead = ctphead; while (tmpHead->sfileWord != svalue || tmpHead->ctpnext != NULL){ tmpHead = tmpHead->ctpnext; } if (tmpHead == NULL){ return NULL; } else { while (tmpHead != NULL){ tmpHead = tmpHead->ctpnext; } } return tmpHead->sfileWord; } string cmlistList () { string tempList; ctNode *tmpHead = ctphead; if (ctphead == NULL){ return NULL; } else{ while (tmpHead != NULL){ cout << tmpHead->sfileWord << " "; tempList += tmpHead->sfileWord; tmpHead = tmpHead -> ctpnext; } } return tempList; } }; Why is this happening?

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  • Apple's Sample App TopSongs has 26 Leaks, Ugh!

    - by RoLYroLLs
    Hey all, I've been building an app for a client and part of it uses Apple's TopSongs sample app to download data on another thread. I finally got enough done to start testing that part and found 1000 leaks!!! A closer look at the leaks made me check TopSongs for leaks, since none of the my methods were in leaks report. Running TopSongs returned 26 leaks. Not quite sure how to fix them, or if they are part of some library from Apple. I bet you're asking if it has 26, why do you have 1000? Well, I use their sample to make roughly 48 calls to webservices to get all the information needed on initial install (48 calls x 26 leaks = 1248 leaks!!). Later it makes at least 12 calls + 4 to check for updated information on other sections of the app. Can't do a thing about it, can't make one call, or less calls, please don't comment about this part. I seen people respond to posts that aren't necessarily answering the question the user originally posted, which in this case is has anyone tried patching up the leaks, if they are patchable, or is this a bug in Apple's libraries? Thanks so much.

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  • glibc Heap Consistency Checking

    - by idimba
    According to posts from 2008 (I can't find it right now), glibc heap check doesn't work in multithreaded environment. Is it still situation now in 2010? Does heap check enabled by default? (gcc 4.1.2)? I don't set MALLOC_CHECK_, don't aware of calling mcheck(), but still sometimes receive double free glibc error with backtrace. Maybe it's enabled by some ccompilation flag?

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  • What could cause a Labwindows/CVI C program to hate the number 2573?

    - by Adam Bard
    Using Windows So I'm reading from a binary file a list of unsigned int data values. The file contains a number of datasets listed sequentially. Here's the function to read a single dataset from a char* pointing to the start of it: function read_dataset(char* stream, t_dataset *dataset){ //...some init, including setting dataset->size; for(i=0;i<dataset->size;i++){ dataset->samples[i] = *((unsigned int *) stream); stream += sizeof(unsigned int); } //... } Where read_dataset in such a context as this: //... char buff[10000]; t_dataset* dataset = malloc( sizeof( *dataset) ); unsigned long offset = 0; for(i=0;i<number_of_datasets; i++){ fseek(fd_in, offset, SEEK_SET); if( (n = fread(buff, sizeof(char), sizeof(*dataset), fd_in)) != sizeof(*dataset) ){ break; } read_dataset(buff, *dataset); // Do something with dataset here. It's screwed up before this, I checked. offset += profileSize; } //... Everything goes swimmingly until my loop reads the number 2573. All of a sudden it starts spitting out random and huge numbers. For example, what should be ... 1831 2229 2406 2637 2609 2573 2523 2247 ... becomes ... 1831 2229 2406 2637 2609 0xDB00000A 0xC7000009 0xB2000008 ... If you think those hex numbers look suspicious, you're right. Turns out the hex values for the values that were changed are really familiar: 2573 -> 0xA0D 2523 -> 0x9DB 2247 -> 0x8C7 So apparently this number 2573 causes my stream pointer to gain a byte. This remains until the next dataset is loaded and parsed, and god forbid it contain a number 2573. I have checked a number of spots where this happens, and each one I've checked began on 2573. I admit I'm not so talented in the world of C. What could cause this is completely and entirely opaque to me.

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  • How can I exclude pages created from a specific template from the CQ5 dispatcher cache?

    - by Shawn
    I have a specific Adobe CQ5 (5.5) content template that authors will use to create pages. I want to exclude any page that is created from this template from the dispatcher cache. As I understand it currently, the only way I know to prevent caching is to configure dispatcher.any to not cache a particular URL. But in this case, the URL isn't known until a web author uses the template to create a page. I don't want to have to go back and modify dispatcher.any every time a page is created--or at least I want to automate this if there is no other way. I am using IIS for the dispatcher. The reason I don't want to cache the pages is because the underlying JSPs that render the content for these pages produce dynamic content, and the pages don't use querystrings and won't carry authentication headers. The pages will be created in unpredictable directories, so I don't know the URL pattern ahead of time. How can I configure things so that any page that is created from a certain template will be automatically excluded from the dispatcher cache? It seems like CQ ought to have some mechanism to respect HTTP response/caching headers. If the HTTP response headers specify that the response shouldn't be cached, it seems like the dispatcher shouldn't cache it--regardless of what dispatcher.any says. This is the CQ5 documentation I have been referencing.

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  • Wrapping allocated output parameters with a scoped_ptr/array

    - by Danra
    So, I have some code which looks like this: byte* ar; foo(ar) // Allocates a new[] byte array for ar ... delete[] ar; To make this safer, I used a scoped_array: byte* arRaw; scoped_array ar; foo(arRaw); ar.reset(arRaw); ... // No delete[] The question is, Is there any existing way to do this using just the scoped_array, without using a temporary raw array? I can probably write an in-place "resetter" class, just wondering if the functionality exists and I'm missing it. Thanks, Dan

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  • How to copy an array of char pointers with a larger list of char pointers?

    - by Casey Link
    My function is being passed a struct containing, among other things, a NULL terminated array of pointers to words making up a command with arguments. I'm performing a glob match on the list of arguments, to expand them into a full list of files, then I want to replace the passed argument array with the new expanded one. The globbing is working fine, that is, g.gl_pathv is populated with the list of expected files. However, I am having trouble copying this array into the struct I was given. #include <glob.h> struct command { char **argv; // other fields... } void myFunction( struct command * cmd ) { char **p = cmd->argv; char* program = *p++; // save the program name (e.g 'ls', and increment to the first argument glob_t g; memset(&g, 0, sizeof(g)); int res = glob(*p, 0, NULL, &g); *p++ // increment while (*p) { glob(*p++, GLOB_APPEND, NULL, &g); // append the matches } // here i want to replace cmd->argv with the expanded g.gl_pathv memcpy(cmd->argv, g.gl_pathv, g.gl_pathc ); // this doesn't work globfree(&g); }

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  • Printing Instance ID to NSLog?

    - by fuzzygoat
    In the dealloc method for a class how would I print out the ID (or some other unique identifier) for the instance being deallocated? - (void)dealloc { NSLog(@"_deallocing: ??"); [super dealloc]; } Is this possible? I am just trying to get a little more feedback in the console as an aid to learning. many thanks -gary-

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  • Delphi Unicode String Type Stored Directly at its Address (or "Unicode ShortString")

    - by Andreas Rejbrand
    I want a string type that is Unicode and that stores the string directly at the adress of the variable, as is the case of the (Ansi-only) ShortString type. I mean, if I declare a S: ShortString and let S := 'My String', then, at @S, I will find the length of the string (as one byte, so the string cannot contain more than 255 characters) followed by the ANSI-encoded string itself. What I would like is a Unicode variant of this. That is, I want a string type such that, at @S, I will find a unsigned 32-bit integer (or a single byte would be enough, actually) containing the length of the string in bytes (or in characters, which is half the number of bytes) followed by the Unicode representation of the string. I have tried WideString, UnicodeString, and RawByteString, but they all appear only to store an adress at @S, and the actual string somewhere else (I guess this has do do with reference counting and such). Update: The most important reason for this is probably that it would be very problematic if sizeof(string) were variable. I suspect that there is no built-in type to use, and that I have to come up with my own way of storing text the way I want (which actually is fun). Am I right? Update I will, among other things, need to use these strings in packed records. I also need manually to read/write these strings to files/the heap. I could live with fixed-size strings, such as <= 128 characters, and I could redesign the problem so it will work with null-terminated strings. But PChar will not work, for sizeof(PChar) = 1 - it's merely an address. The approach I eventually settled for was to use a static array of bytes. I will post my implementation as a solution later today.

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  • Releasing Xmlparser and NSXMLParser objects

    - by erastusnjuki
    How can I release the variables xmlParser and parser safely in the function below? - (id)callRestService: (NSString *) methodName : (NSDictionary *) params { NSURL *url=[self getRestUrl: methodName : params]; XmlParser *xmlParser = [[XmlParser alloc] init]; NSXMLParser *parser = [[NSXMLParser alloc] initWithContentsOfURL:url]; [parser setDelegate:xmlParser]; [parser setShouldProcessNamespaces:NO]; [parser setShouldReportNamespacePrefixes:NO]; [parser setShouldResolveExternalEntities:NO]; [parser parse]; [parser setDelegate:nil]; return xmlParser.dictionaryArray; }

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  • Why might the Large Object Heap grow rather than throw an exception?

    - by Unsliced
    In a previous question I asked possible programatic ways of maximising the largest block allocatable on the LOH. I'm still seeing the problems, but now I'm trying to get my head around why the LOH seems to grow and shrink in size, yet I'm still seeing OutOfMemoryExceptions that tally with what others have reported as being due to LOH fragmentation. Why might one call to, for example, StringBuilder.EnsureCapacity throw an OutOfMemoryException for me, but another call from somewhere else result in the LOH expanding in size (according to the performance counters, it is growing and shrinking)?

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  • Understanding addSubview: memoryLeak

    - by Leandros
    I don't really understand, why this code leaks. ParentViewController *parentController = [[ParentViewController alloc] init]; ChildViewController *childController = [[ChildViewController alloc] init]; [parentController containerAddChildViewController:childController]; [[self window] setRootViewController:parentController]; - (void)containerAddChildViewController:(UIViewController *)childViewController { [self addChildViewController:childViewController]; [self.view addSubview:childViewController.view]; // Instruments is telling me, the leak occurs here! [childViewController didMoveToParentViewController:self]; } According to Instruments, this line: [self.view addSubview:childViewController.view]; is leaking. The whole code is called once in application:didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:, but it is shown that this code is responsible for 30 leaks (approx. 1.12 kB).

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  • How to release a "PopUp" view"?

    - by david
    I have this class that shows a popup. I do a alloc-init on it and it comes up. DarkVader* darkPopUp = [[DarkVader alloc] init:theButton helpMessage:[theButton.titleLabel.text intValue] isADay:NO offset:0]; It shows itself and if the user presses Ok it disappears. When do I release this? I could do a [self release] in the class when the OK button is pressed. Is this correct? If I do this the Analyzer says it has a retain count of +1 and gets leaked in the calling function. If I release it just after the alloc-init the Analyzer says it has a retain count of +0 and i should not release it. DLog(@"DarkVader retain count: %i", [darkPopUp retainCount]); says it has a retain count of 2. I'm confused. In short my question is: How do I release an object that gets initialized does some work and ends but no one is there to release it in the calling function.

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  • Do I need to release a copied NSObjects - Objective-c

    - by ncohen
    Hi everyone, I was wondering if I need to release a copied NSObject? For example, I create only one dictionary that I copy into an array: Code: for (int num = 0; num < [object count]; num++) { [dictionary setObject:[object objectAtIndex:num] forKey:@"x"]; [array addObject:[dictionary copy]]; } Do I have to release the dictionary? If yes, when? Thanks

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  • NSMutableDictionary isn't stick around long enough

    - by Sean Danzeiser
    Sorry, beginner here . . . So I create an NSMutableDictionary in my app delegate when the application launches, and then later pass it on to a view controller, as it contains options for the VC like a background image, a url I want to parse, etc. Anyway, i wrote a custom init method for the VC, initWithOptions, where I pass the dictionary on. I'm trying to use this dictionary later on in other methods - so I created a NSMutableDictionary property for my VC and am trying to store the passed options dictionary there. However, when I go to get the contents of that property in later methods, it returns null. If i access it from the init method, it works. heres some sample code: -(id)initWithOptions:(NSMutableDictionary *)options { self = [super init]; if (self) { // Custom initialization self.optionsDict = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc]initWithDictionary:options]; NSLog(@"dictionary in init method %@",self.optionsDict); that NSLog logs the contents of the dictionary, and it looks like its working. then later when I do this: - (void)viewDidLoad { SDJConnection *connection = [[SDJConnection alloc]init]; self.dataArray = [connection getEventInfoWithURL:[dict objectForKey:@"urlkey"]]; NSLog(@"dictionary in connection contains: %@", [dict objectForKey:@"urlkey"]); [_tableView reloadData]; the dictionary returns null. Ive tried adjusting the property attributes, and it didn't work with either strong or retain. Any ideas?? THANKS!!

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  • How to use C to write to flash drive bootsector despite error 'Failed to open file to write.:Permiss

    - by updateraj
    My goal is to manipulate the boot-sector in my flashdrive (volume E:) I am using XP. I am able to read the boot-sector FILE *fp_read = fopen("\\\\.\\E:", "rb"); /* Able to proceed to read boot sector */ however i am not able to open the file to write using fopen in 'wb' mode. FILE *fp_read = fopen("\\\\.\\E:", "wb"); /* Unable to proceed due to Failed to open file to write.:Permission Denied */ The flash-drive is not in use at the moment of execution. Hex-editors are able to manipulated boot sector etc, i believe it possible to do so in c. Any suggestion or insight to overcome the access problem so as to be able to write?

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  • OutOfMemoryException, stack size is huge, large number of threads

    - by Captain Comic
    Hello, I was profiling my .net windows service. I was trying to discover OutOfMemoryException and discovered that my stack size is huge and is growing because the the number of threads keeps growing. Each thread gets 1024 KB on Windows x64 machine. Thus when my app has 754 threads the stack size would be 772 MB. The problem for me is that i don't know where these thread come from. Initially my app has a very limited number of threads and they keep growing with time. I have two suspicions - either these threads are created by WCF or by database connection. My application uses both WCF and datasets. Also I tried to profile my app in Ants do Trace i can see large number of System.ServiceModel.Channels.ClientReliableDuplexSessionChannel and this number is increasing with time. I can see thousands of these objects created. So what I want to know is who is creating threads (tools to discover, profilers) and if it is WCF who is creating these threads.

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  • Access Violation

    - by Justin
    I've been learning how to NOP functions in C++ or even C but there are very few tutorials online about it. I've been googling for the past few hours now and I'm just stuck. Here is my code. #include <iostream> #include <windows.h> #include <tlhelp32.h> using namespace std; //#define NOP 0x90 byte NOP[] = {0x90}; void enableDebugPrivileges() { HANDLE hcurrent=GetCurrentProcess(); HANDLE hToken; BOOL bret=OpenProcessToken(hcurrent,40,&hToken); LUID luid; bret=LookupPrivilegeValue(NULL,"SeDebugPrivilege",&luid); TOKEN_PRIVILEGES NewState,PreviousState; DWORD ReturnLength; NewState.PrivilegeCount =1; NewState.Privileges[0].Luid =luid; NewState.Privileges[0].Attributes=2; AdjustTokenPrivileges(hToken,FALSE,&NewState,28,&PreviousState,&ReturnLength); } DWORD GetProcId(char* ProcName) { PROCESSENTRY32 pe32; HANDLE hSnapshot = NULL; pe32.dwSize = sizeof( PROCESSENTRY32 ); hSnapshot = CreateToolhelp32Snapshot( TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS, 0 ); if( Process32First( hSnapshot, &pe32 ) ) { do{ if( strcmp( pe32.szExeFile, ProcName ) == 0 ) break; }while( Process32Next( hSnapshot, &pe32 ) ); } if( hSnapshot != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE ) CloseHandle( hSnapshot ); return pe32.th32ProcessID; } void WriteMem(DWORD Address, void* Value, size_t Size) { DWORD Protect = NULL; VirtualProtect((LPVOID)Address, 3, PAGE_READWRITE, &Protect); memcpy((void*)Address, Value, 3); VirtualProtect((LPVOID)Address, 3, Protect, &Protect); } void nop_(PVOID address, int bytes){ DWORD d, ds; VirtualProtect(address, bytes, PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE, &d); memset(address, 144, bytes); VirtualProtect(address,bytes,d,&ds); } void MemCopy(HANDLE pHandle, void* Dest, const void* Src, int Len) { DWORD OldProtect; DWORD OldProtect2; VirtualProtect(Dest, Len, PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE, &OldProtect); memcpy(Dest, Src, Len); VirtualProtect(Dest, Len, OldProtect, &OldProtect2); FlushInstructionCache(pHandle, Dest, Len); } int main() { enableDebugPrivileges(); DWORD pid; HANDLE phandle; // Obtain the process ID pid = GetProcId("gr.exe"); if(GetLastError()) { cout << "Error_PID_: " << GetLastError() << endl; system("pause"); return -1; } // Obtain the process handle phandle = OpenProcess(PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS,0,pid); if(GetLastError()) { cout << "Error_HANDLE_: " << GetLastError() << endl; system("pause"); return -1; } // Debug info, 0 = bad cout <<"pid : " << pid << endl; cout <<"HANDLE: " << phandle << endl << endl; system("pause"); // Change value to short iValue = -1; int choice = 0; BYTE * bGodMode = (BYTE *) (0x409A7E); // Lives Address bool hack = true; while(hack) { system("cls"); cout << "What hack?\n0. Exit\n1. Lives\n\n!> "; cin >> choice; switch(choice) { case 0: { hack=false; break; } case 1: // Modify Time cout << "God Mode On\n!> "; // cin >> iValue; // nop_((PVOID)(0x409A7E), 3); // MemCopy(phandle, (PVOID)0x409A7E, &NOP, 1); WriteMem((DWORD)(0x00409A7E), (void*)NOP, sizeof NOP); if(GetLastError()) { cout << "Error: " << GetLastError() << endl; system("pause"); } break; default: cout << "ERROR!\n"; break; } Sleep(100); } system("pause"); return 0; } This is suppose to NOP the DEC function that is 3 bytes long preventing me from losing lives. However each time I try it, it crashes the hack and says I had a access violation. I tried to look up the reasons and most of them dealt with with the size of the location I'm writing to and what I'm copying from. Otherwise, I have absolutely no idea. Any help would be nice. The game is GunRoar and the base address "0x409A7E" is where the DEC function is.

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  • Optimizing processing and management of large Java data arrays

    - by mikera
    I'm writing some pretty CPU-intensive, concurrent numerical code that will process large amounts of data stored in Java arrays (e.g. lots of double[100000]s). Some of the algorithms might run millions of times over several days so getting maximum steady-state performance is a high priority. In essence, each algorithm is a Java object that has an method API something like: public double[] runMyAlgorithm(double[] inputData); or alternatively a reference could be passed to the array to store the output data: public runMyAlgorithm(double[] inputData, double[] outputData); Given this requirement, I'm trying to determine the optimal strategy for allocating / managing array space. Frequently the algorithms will need large amounts of temporary storage space. They will also take large arrays as input and create large arrays as output. Among the options I am considering are: Always allocate new arrays as local variables whenever they are needed (e.g. new double[100000]). Probably the simplest approach, but will produce a lot of garbage. Pre-allocate temporary arrays and store them as final fields in the algorithm object - big downside would be that this would mean that only one thread could run the algorithm at any one time. Keep pre-allocated temporary arrays in ThreadLocal storage, so that a thread can use a fixed amount of temporary array space whenever it needs it. ThreadLocal would be required since multiple threads will be running the same algorithm simultaneously. Pass around lots of arrays as parameters (including the temporary arrays for the algorithm to use). Not good since it will make the algorithm API extremely ugly if the caller has to be responsible for providing temporary array space.... Allocate extremely large arrays (e.g. double[10000000]) but also provide the algorithm with offsets into the array so that different threads will use a different area of the array independently. Will obviously require some code to manage the offsets and allocation of the array ranges. Any thoughts on which approach would be best (and why)?

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