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• How to fix 'grub error file not found' when installing 12.04?

  - by Tomasz Grabowski

  i'm trying to install Ubuntu. I don't know if it is important, but i'm trying to install it on external HDD. In the end i have external bootable HDD which only displays: error: file not found grub recovery> From the beginning: I've downloaded ubuntu-12.04-desktop-i386.iso I've used LiLi USB Creator (LinuxLive) to create bootable pendrive from that image I've bootet from it, it works I've clicked "Try ubuntu", it works too. I've used GParted to look over drivers (disks) My primary embedded disk is seen as /dev/sda My attached external disk as /dev/sdb My PenDrive as /dev/sdc I've created partitions on /dev/sdb Fist partition for system (over 200GiB) Second was there already (it's xsf, and i don't want to touch it :P) Third is extended partition, with 1 locital partiton (10GiB) for swap I've started installation i've choose "somethin else" in ... i belive secound screeb then is selected /dev/sdb as boot disk for first partiton of /dev/sdb i set i want ext3 file system, i've check "formattin" checkbox, and mount path set to "/" firs logical partiton set as swap partition After installation finished, i restarted my computer. When i boot from my primary disc it's work ok, my previous operating system - vista - works ok. When i set my BIOS to boot from my external disc, i only get that message: error: file not found grub recovery> I've try to reinstall it, but didn't help... In desperation, i've try to read a bit about that "grub recovery" command-line and experiment a bit... I'm not sure if this has had any point, or if it give you some information (notice, that i don't know what i'm doing :P ) when i've type command: insmod (hd1,1)/boot/grub/linux.mod i've get message: unknown filesystem the same with: insmod (hd1,msdos1)/boot/grub/linux.mod the same with: insmod ext3 but i get no message after command: insmod ext2 ... notice that i really don't know what this command exactly do, but than i thought that maybe if i reinstall ubuntu with ext2 filesystem, it will work. I've done that, but symptoms are the same. I've go back to that Live version of ubuntu, filesystem and basics directories seems to be present on /dev/sdb1 ... i'm completely unfamiliar with GRUB. I'm also don't know which wersion of GRUB it is, i hope there is only one version on ubuntu-12.04-desktop-i386.iso Any help? Thax

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• I can't install Ubuntu 12.04.1 on iMac G5

  - by user89004

  So, I have this iMac G5 that doesn't have iSight, only a small light sensor I think undernieth, machine model 8.2. I tried burning a Ubuntu 12.04.1 PowerPC 64bit .iso to a cd but the computer just won't boot it, I don't know why. Next I tried with a USB but it wouldn't let me boot that either, I created the usb on my dad's win7 laptop as the process was way easier than on freakin Mac or Ubuntu (no command typing AT ALL on windows) I'm able to get into openfirmware and type boot usb and it does show some weird writing that scrolls so fast I can't see anything and then it just gives me this huge no sign like a stop sign and freezez. The sign is grey and the line in the middle is tilted towards the left. An other issue I'm having with hdiutil is that I can't convert the stupid .iso I just downloaded into a .img because the file keeps on dissapearing right when it's done converting it. I used the syntax from Ubuntu support how to create a bootable usb drive under Mac OS X. I even didn't include the 2 stupid ~ that are shown in the syntax that are completly worthless, God only know why they put them there, and I even tried running the whole thing as root with sudo su before the command. The funny thing is that if I convert something smaller it works. The command I was using is hdiutil convert -format UDRW -o /path/to/target.img /path/to/ubuntu.iso I even tried hdiutil convert /path/to/ubuntu.iso -format UDRW -o /path/to/target.img but the same thing happens, the dummy .img.dmg file dissapears when the conversion is done no matter where I set the output file to go. I have tried several different folders, the same thing happens with all of them. I also tried burning a Ubuntu mini iso on a cd, can't remember if it was 11.10 or 12.10 but even thoguh holding c when the iMac boots up does show me the cd and I can boot from it, I get this weird error upon hitting install, it says something like invalid memory access, release keys and error strings I can't read. I don't have any original DVDs from this iMac and can't run hardware diagnostics. WHatever option I try at the command prompt from the mini ubuntu cd I get the same result, error code and openfirmware backdrop that's frozen. I noticed that the pen drive I created on my dads Win7 laptop is formated with MS-DOS but I can still mount it no problem, so it shouldn't have a problem booting it, right? I used the advice on ubuntu.com to make it, from here. Also, my partition is HFS+ so I can't use it as a hard drive and boot from it. I don' have 2 partitions either, just one HDD, one partition. Please help!!!

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• Undo Table Partitioning - SQL Server 2008

  - by Binder

  I have a table 'X' and did the following CREATE PARTITION FUNCTION PF1(INT) AS RANGE LEFT FOR VALUES (1, 2, 3, 4) CREATE PARTITION SCHEME PS1 AS PARTITION PF1 ALL TO ([PRIMARY]) CREATE CLUSTERED INDEX CIDX_X ON X(col1) ON PS1(col1) this 3 steps created 4 logical partitions of the data I had. My question is, how do i revert this partitioning to its original state ?

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• I assume Row_Number doesn’t act only on rows of the window frame

  - by AspOnMyNet

  a) Quote is taken from http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/tutorial-window.html for each row, there is a set of rows within its partition called its window frame. Many (but not all) window functions act only on the rows of the window frame, rather than of the whole partition. By default, if ORDER BY is supplied then the frame consists of all rows from the start of the partition up through the current row, plus any following rows that are equal to the current row according to the ORDER BY clause I assume Row_Number doesn’t act only on rows of the window frame, but instead always act on all rows of a partition? b) By default, if ORDER BY is supplied then the frame consists of all rows from the start of the partition up through the current row, plus any following rows that are equal to the current row according to the ORDER BY clause I assume that is only true for those window functions that act only on rows of the window frame ( thus above quote isn't true for ROW_NUMBER() function )? c) http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/tutorial-window.html talks about PostgreSQL 8.4’s Windowing functions. Is everything in that article also true for Sql Server 2008’s Windowing functions thanx

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• Understanding Windows 8 Recovery options

  - by stuffe

  Background: I am preparing a PC that I am sending to a relative abroad, who has little or no internet access, and next to no sensible options for getting IT support should anything go wrong. As such I am trying to provide a full set of recovery options such that they are able to reinstall the OS with minimum fuss or assistance if required. The PC is a brand new Acer laptop that came with Windows 7 pre-installed (and an associated recovery partition) and a free upgrade to Windows 8. I have installed Windows 8 from scratch performing a format and clean install from media I burned from the official download. The existing Windows 7 recovery partition is still there, and I can still boot from it. I have created recovery DVDs of that in case it is ever lost. Here are my recovery options so far. I can perform a factory reset of Win 7 via the recovery partition I can perform a factory reset of Win 7 via burned recovery DVDs I can re-install Windows 8 cleanly from a DVD All of these are useful, but not what I want, because the first 2 methods use Win 7, and still fill the machine with crapware, and the latter doesn't provide for any post-install customisation and software installation. So, I am looking to see what other options are available to perform a Windows 8 recovery that will be more than a simple install. I am aware that Win8 comes with some useful refresh tools: Refresh your PC - Re-install Win 8 over the top of your existing installation, recovering from any Windows corruption etc. I can run this from my current install, although it says some files are missing that will be provided by me install or recovery media, which seems to be code for stick your install DVD in, and it starts after I do that - unfortunately for this particular laptop you need to specify a particular WIFI driver or the install bombs out part way through with IRQL errors, and this refresh method skips the part where you can load a driver, so it's no use to me. I think I can fix this by creating a custom recovery image using the recimg.exe command but it takes hours to complete so I haven't tried it yet. Reset your PC - Perform a full install and lose all your files. Again it needs my Install media inserting before it will do anything, but then it provides an error (will include later when I recreate it...) Now, these recovery options look useful (in principal, although both are fail for me) but they rely on having a working system to access the tools, which leads me to the last option, of making a Recovery USB drive. I have made a recovery drive, and it should perform loads of useful things, including copying my WIN7 recovery partition to the drive, providing the above refresh and reset options, providing other troubleshooting options and also the ability to restore from a custom image, only none of them seem to work for me. Creating the Recovery Drive - the option to include my recovery partition is greyed out. The partition exists and works fine, why will it not copy it? Refresh - I imagine this would have the same issues as I described before, but this is moot because when I try it says that the "drive where Windows is installed is locked, please unlock the drive and try again" with no info on what that means and how to do it. Restore - Again, probably pointless as I can just use the DVD, but it also errors: "unable to reset your PC. A required drive partition is missing" System Restore - should let me roll back a bad driver etc as per normal in Windows, only it simply says "To use system restore you must specify which windows installation to restore. Restart this computer, select an operating system, and select system restore" ?!?! System Image Recovery - this seems to be offering to restore from a Windows system image, but this is deprecated in Windows 8, although you can still make one if you use the Windows 7 Backup tools, however the resultant file is too large to put on the USB stick as it's FAT formatted, and would be a massive stack of DVDs anyway. So useless. It would be nice it it would work with the custom recovery image you can use with the refresh command, but there seems no option to do this. Automatic Repair - some diagnostics, which seem useless as it happily tells me it can't fix my problem, even though I have none. Command Prompt - yay, this works! What on earth do I want to use it for... Had any of the above worked, it might be useful, but as any form of install still requires you to have the DVD, and any form of custom recovery image also requires you to have either a massive stack of DVDs or an NTFS formatted backup device in addition to the recovery drive, it sort of ruins the point. It doesn't seem rocket science. I want to create a bootable USB drive that I can refresh Windows over an existing install with, perform a clean reinstall to a bare system, or recovery a customised image with existing apps installed. If anyone can point me in a direction that allows me to make a single recovery drive do these all these things, I would appreciate it. I have a 32Gb USB3 thumb drive that I bought for this very purpose, but it's seems to be fighting to let me do anything useful. At this rate I will be making a DriveImageXML recovery stick and dumping the OS with that, which I know works, but isn't so elegant as using the proper tools..

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• stop and split generated sequence at repeats - clojure

  - by fitzsnaggle

  I am trying to make a sequence that will only generate values until it finds the following conditions and return the listed results: case head = 0 - return {:origin [all generated except 0] :pattern 0} 1 - return {:origin nil :pattern [all-generated-values] } repeated-value - {:origin [values-before-repeat] :pattern [values-after-repeat] { ; n = int ; x = int ; hist - all generated values ; Keeps the head below x (defn trim-head [head x] (loop [head head] (if (> head x) (recur (- head x)) head))) ; Generates the next head (defn next-head [head x n] (trim-head (* head n) x)) (defn row [x n] (iterate #(next-head % x n) n)) ; Generates a whole row - ; Rows are a max of x - 1. (take (- x 1) (row 11 3)) Examples of cases to stop before reaching end of row: [9 8 4 5 6 7 4] - '4' is repeated so STOP. Return preceding as origin and rest as pattern. {:origin [9 8] :pattern [4 5 6 7]} [4 5 6 1] - found a '1' so STOP, so return everything as pattern {:origin nil :pattern [4 5 6 1]} [3 0] - found a '0' so STOP {:origin [3] :pattern [0]} :else if the sequences reaches a length of x - 1: {:origin [all values generated] :pattern nil} The Problem I have used partition-by with some success to split the groups at the point where a repeated value is found, but would like to do this lazily. Is there some way I can use take-while, or condp, or the :while clause of the for loop to make a condition that partitions when it finds repeats? Some Attempts (take 2 (partition-by #(= 1 %) (row 11 4))) (for [p (partition-by #(stop-match? %) head) (iterate #(next-head % x n) n) :while (or (not= (last p) (or 1 0 n) (nil? (rest p))] {:origin (first p) :pattern (concat (second p) (last p))})) # Updates What I really want to be able to do is find out if a value has repeated and partition the seq without using the index. Is that possible? Something like this - { (defn row [x n] (loop [hist [n] head (gen-next-head (first hist) x n) steps 1] (if (>= (- x 1) steps) (case head 0 {:origin [hist] :pattern [0]} 1 {:origin nil :pattern (conj hist head)} ; Speculative from here on out (let [p (partition-by #(apply distinct? %) (conj hist head))] (if-not (nil? (next p)) ; One partition if no repeats. {:origin (first p) :pattern (concat (second p) (nth 3 p))} (recur (conj hist head) (gen-next-head head x n) (inc steps))))) {:origin hist :pattern nil}))) }

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• MySQL Paritioning performance

  - by Imran Pathan

  Measured performance on key partitioned tables and normal tables separately. But we couldn't find any performance improvement with partitioning. Queries are pruned. Using MySQL 5.1.47 on RHEL 4. Table details: UserUsage - Will have entries for user mobile number and data usage for each date. Mobile number and Date as PRI KEY. UserProfile - Queries prev table and stores summary for each mobile number. Mobile number PRI KEY. CREATE TABLE `UserUsage` ( `Msisdn` decimal(20,0) NOT NULL, `Date` date NOT NULL, . . PRIMARY KEY USING BTREE (`Msisdn`,`Date`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 PARTITION BY KEY(Msisdn) PARTITIONS 50; CREATE TABLE `UserProfile` ( `Msisdn` decimal(20,0) NOT NULL, . . PRIMARY KEY (`Msisdn`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 PARTITION BY KEY(Msisdn) PARTITIONS 50; Second table is updated by query select and order by date in first table in a perl program, query is select * from UserUsage where Msisdn=number order by Date desc limit 7 [Process data in perl] update UserProfile values(....) where Msisdn=number explain partition for select, shows row being scanned in a particular partition only. Is something wrong with partition design or queries as partitioning is taking almost same or more time compared to normal tables?

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• Why is this line breaking Rails with Passenger on DreamHost?

  - by Frew

  Ok, so I have a Rails app set up on DreamHost and I had it working a while ago and now it's broken. I don't know a lot about deployment environments or anything like that so please forgive my ignorance. Anyway, it looks like the app is crashing at this line in config/environment.rb: require File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), 'boot') config/boot.rb is pretty much normal, but I'll include it here anyway. # Don't change this file! # Configure your app in config/environment.rb and config/environments/*.rb RAILS_ROOT = "#{File.dirname(__FILE__)}/.." unless defined?(RAILS_ROOT) module Rails class << self def boot! unless booted? preinitialize pick_boot.run end end def booted? defined? Rails::Initializer end def pick_boot (vendor_rails? ? VendorBoot : GemBoot).new end def vendor_rails? File.exist?("#{RAILS_ROOT}/vendor/rails") end def preinitialize load(preinitializer_path) if File.exist?(preinitializer_path) end def preinitializer_path "#{RAILS_ROOT}/config/preinitializer.rb" end end class Boot def run load_initializer Rails::Initializer.run(:set_load_path) end end class VendorBoot < Boot def load_initializer require "#{RAILS_ROOT}/vendor/rails/railties/lib/initializer" Rails::Initializer.run(:install_gem_spec_stubs) end end class GemBoot < Boot def load_initializer self.class.load_rubygems load_rails_gem require 'initializer' end def load_rails_gem if version = self.class.gem_version gem 'rails', version else gem 'rails' end rescue Gem::LoadError => load_error $stderr.puts %(Missing the Rails #{version} gem. Please `gem install -v=#{version} rails`, update your RAILS_GEM_VERSION setting in config/environment.rb for the Rails version you do have installed, or comment out RAILS_GEM_VERSION to use the latest version installed.) exit 1 end class << self def rubygems_version Gem::RubyGemsVersion if defined? Gem::RubyGemsVersion end def gem_version if defined? RAILS_GEM_VERSION RAILS_GEM_VERSION elsif ENV.include?('RAILS_GEM_VERSION') ENV['RAILS_GEM_VERSION'] else parse_gem_version(read_environment_rb) end end def load_rubygems require 'rubygems' min_version = '1.1.1' unless rubygems_version >= min_version $stderr.puts %Q(Rails requires RubyGems >= #{min_version} (you have #{rubygems_version}). Please `gem update --system` and try again.) exit 1 end rescue LoadError $stderr.puts %Q(Rails requires RubyGems >= #{min_version}. Please install RubyGems and try again: http://rubygems.rubyforge.org) exit 1 end def parse_gem_version(text) $1 if text =~ /^[^#]*RAILS_GEM_VERSION\s*=\s*["']([!~<>=]*\s*[\d.]+)["']/ end private def read_environment_rb File.read("#{RAILS_ROOT}/config/environment.rb") end end end end # All that for this: Rails.boot! Does anyone have any ideas? I am not getting any errors in the log or on the page. -fREW

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• Running OpenStack Icehouse with ZFS Storage Appliance

  - by Ronen Kofman

  Couple of months ago Oracle announced the support for OpenStack Cinder plugin with ZFS Storage Appliance (aka ZFSSA).  With our recent release of the Icehouse tech preview I thought it is a good opportunity to demonstrate the ZFSSA plugin working with Icehouse. One thing that helps a lot to get started with ZFSSA is that it has a VirtualBox simulator. This simulator allows users to try out the appliance’s features before getting to a real box. Users can test the functionality and design an environment even before they have a real appliance which makes the deployment process much more efficient. With OpenStack this is especially nice because having a simulator on the other end allows us to test the complete set of the Cinder plugin and check the entire integration on a single server or even a laptop. Let’s see how this works Installing and Configuring the Simulator To get started we first need to download the simulator, the simulator is available here, unzip it and it is ready to be imported to VirtualBox. If you do not already have VirtualBox installed you can download it from here according to your platform of choice. To import the simulator go to VirtualBox console File -> Import Appliance , navigate to the location of the simulator and import the virtual machine. When opening the virtual machine you will need to make the following changes: - Network – by default the network is “Host Only” , the user needs to change that to “Bridged” so the VM can connect to the network and be accessible. - Memory (optional) – the VM comes with a default of 2560MB which may be fine but if you have more memory that could not hurt, in my case I decided to give it 8192 - vCPU (optional) – the default the VM comes with 1 vCPU, I decided to change it to two, you are welcome to do so too. And here is how the VM looks like: Start the VM, when the boot process completes we will need to change the root password and the simulator is running and ready to go. Now that the simulator is up and running we can access simulated appliance using the URL https://<IP or DNS name>:215/, the IP is showing on the virtual machine console. At this stage we will need to configure the appliance, in my case I did not change any of the default (in other words pressed ‘commit’ several times) and the simulated appliance was configured and ready to go. We will need to enable REST access otherwise Cinder will not be able to call the appliance we do that in Configuration->Services and at the end of the page there is ‘REST’ button, enable it. If you are a more advanced user you can set additional features in the appliance but for the purpose of this demo this is sufficient. One final step will be to create a pool, go to Configuration -> Storage and add a pool as shown below the pool is named “default”: The simulator is now running, configured and ready for action. Configuring Cinder Back to OpenStack, I have a multi node deployment which we created according to the “Getting Started with Oracle VM, Oracle Linux and OpenStack” guide using Icehouse tech preview release. Now we need to install and configure the ZFSSA Cinder plugin using the README file. In short the steps are as follows: 1. Copy the file from here to the control node and place them at: /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/cinder/volume/drivers/zfssa 2. Configure the plugin, editing /etc/cinder/cinder.conf # Driver to use for volume creation (string value) #volume_driver=cinder.volume.drivers.lvm.LVMISCSIDriver volume_driver=cinder.volume.drivers.zfssa.zfssaiscsi.ZFSSAISCSIDriver zfssa_host = <HOST IP> zfssa_auth_user = root zfssa_auth_password = <ROOT PASSWORD> zfssa_pool = default zfssa_target_portal = <HOST IP>:3260 zfssa_project = test zfssa_initiator_group = default zfssa_target_interfaces = e1000g0 3. Restart the cinder-volume service: service openstack-cinder-volume restart 4. Look into the log file, this will tell us if everything works well so far. If you see any errors fix them before continuing. 5. Install iscsi-initiator-utils package, this is important since the plugin uses iscsi commands from this package: yum install -y iscsi-initiator-utils The installation and configuration are very simple, we do not need to have a “project” in the ZFSSA but we do need to define a pool. Creating and Using Volumes in OpenStack We are now ready to work, to get started lets create a volume in OpenStack and see it showing up on the simulator: #  cinder create 2 --display-name my-volume-1 +---------------------+--------------------------------------+ |       Property      |                Value                 | +---------------------+--------------------------------------+ |     attachments     |                  []                  | |  availability_zone  |                 nova                 | |       bootable      |                false                 | |      created_at     |      2014-08-12T04:24:37.806752      | | display_description |                 None                 | |     display_name    |             my-volume-1              | |      encrypted      |                False                 | |          id         | df67c447-9a36-4887-a8ff-74178d5d06ee | |       metadata      |                  {}                  | |         size        |                  2                   | |     snapshot_id     |                 None                 | |     source_volid    |                 None                 | |        status       |               creating               | |     volume_type     |                 None                 | +---------------------+--------------------------------------+ In the simulator: Extending the volume to 5G: # cinder extend df67c447-9a36-4887-a8ff-74178d5d06ee 5 In the simulator: Creating templates using Cinder Volumes By default OpenStack supports ephemeral storage where an image is copied into the run area during instance launch and deleted when the instance is terminated. With Cinder we can create persistent storage and launch instances from a Cinder volume. Booting from volume has several advantages, one of the main advantages of booting from volumes is speed. No matter how large the volume is the launch operation is immediate there is no copying of an image to a run areas, an operation which can take a long time when using ephemeral storage (depending on image size). In this deployment we have a Glance image of Oracle Linux 6.5, I would like to make it into a volume which I can boot from. When creating a volume from an image we actually “download” the image into the volume and making the volume bootable, this process can take some time depending on the image size, during the download we will see the following status: # cinder create --image-id 487a0731-599a-499e-b0e2-5d9b20201f0f --display-name ol65 2 # cinder list +--------------------------------------+-------------+--------------+------+-------------+ |                  ID                  |    Status   | Display Name | Size | Volume Type | … +--------------------------------------+-------------+--------------+------+------------- | df67c447-9a36-4887-a8ff-74178d5d06ee |  available  | my-volume-1  |  5   |     None    | … | f61702b6-4204-4f10-8bdf-7da792f15c28 | downloading |     ol65     |  2   |     None    | … +--------------------------------------+-------------+--------------+------+-------------+ After the download is complete we will see that the volume status changed to “available” and that the bootable state is “true”. We can use this new volume to boot an instance from or we can use it as a template. Cinder can create a volume from another volume and ZFSSA can replicate volumes instantly in the back end. The result is an efficient template model where users can spawn an instance from a “template” instantly even if the template is very large in size. Let’s try replicating the bootable volume with the Oracle Linux 6.5 on it creating additional 3 bootable volumes: # cinder create 2 --source-volid f61702b6-4204-4f10-8bdf-7da792f15c28 --display-name ol65-bootable-1 # cinder create 2 --source-volid f61702b6-4204-4f10-8bdf-7da792f15c28 --display-name ol65-bootable-2 # cinder create 2 --source-volid f61702b6-4204-4f10-8bdf-7da792f15c28 --display-name ol65-bootable-3 # cinder list +--------------------------------------+-----------+-----------------+------+-------------+----------+-------------+ |                  ID                  |   Status  |   Display Name  | Size | Volume Type | Bootable | Attached to | +--------------------------------------+-----------+-----------------+------+-------------+----------+-------------+ | 9bfe0deb-b9c7-4d97-8522-1354fc533c26 | available | ol65-bootable-2 |  2   |     None    |   true   |             | | a311a855-6fb8-472d-b091-4d9703ef6b9a | available | ol65-bootable-1 |  2   |     None    |   true   |             | | df67c447-9a36-4887-a8ff-74178d5d06ee | available |   my-volume-1   |  5   |     None    |  false   |             | | e7fbd2eb-e726-452b-9a88-b5eee0736175 | available | ol65-bootable-3 |  2   |     None    |   true   |             | | f61702b6-4204-4f10-8bdf-7da792f15c28 | available |       ol65      |  2   |     None    |   true   |             | +--------------------------------------+-----------+-----------------+------+-------------+----------+-------------+ Note that the creation of those 3 volume was almost immediate, no need to download or copy, ZFSSA takes care of the volume copy for us. Start 3 instances: # nova boot --boot-volume a311a855-6fb8-472d-b091-4d9703ef6b9a --flavor m1.tiny ol65-instance-1 --nic net-id=25b19746-3aea-4236-8193-4c6284e76eca # nova boot --boot-volume 9bfe0deb-b9c7-4d97-8522-1354fc533c26 --flavor m1.tiny ol65-instance-2 --nic net-id=25b19746-3aea-4236-8193-4c6284e76eca # nova boot --boot-volume e7fbd2eb-e726-452b-9a88-b5eee0736175 --flavor m1.tiny ol65-instance-3 --nic net-id=25b19746-3aea-4236-8193-4c6284e76eca Instantly replicating volumes is a very powerful feature, especially for large templates. The ZFSSA Cinder plugin allows us to take advantage of this feature of ZFSSA. By offloading some of the operations to the array OpenStack create a highly efficient environment where persistent volume can be instantly created from a template. That’s all for now, with this environment you can continue to test ZFSSA with OpenStack and when you are ready for the real appliance the operations will look the same. @RonenKofman

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• Problem with switch dell 6224

  - by Matias

  Hello, we just have upgraded the firmware of a dell 6224 power connect switch and it won't reload. These are the symptons: - I power up the switch having the serial cable connected to it and the switch outputs nothing. The configuration of the serial console is fine: 9600 bds, etc... In fact, before the upgrade, I was connected to the switch through the very same cable. - Reseting the switch with its reset pinhole does not reset the switch: the power and fan lights powers off while I keep pressed the pinhole, but the switch itself does not resets. - When I connect an UTP cable to one of the switches port, the green lights don't flash, but ''mii-tool eth0'' in my laptop shows there is link!! The only thing I see in the output, different from other upgrades I've done, is this line at the end: Erasing Boot Flash.....^^^^Done. Any help or idea will be more than welcome!! Thanks!! console#show version Image Descriptions image1 : image2 : Images currently available on Flash -------------------------------------------------------------------- unit image1 image2 current-active next-active 1 <none> 3.0.0.8 image2 image2 console#boot system image2 Activating image image2 .. console#update bootcode Update bootcode and reset (Y/N)? Updating boot code ... Extracting boot code from image... Erasing Boot Flash.....^^^^Done.

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• Unexpected results from custom partitioning scheme - Ubuntu preseed unattended install

  - by Mark Renouf

  Hi... I need some help with partman-auto custom recipe in preseed.... it's doing unexpected things, the docs aren't so clear. This is in my preseed file: d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe string \ boot-root-var :: \ 1024 100 1024 ext4 \ $primary{ } $bootable{ } \ method{ format } format{ } \ use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext4 } \ mountpoint{ /boot } \ . \ 2048 50 4096 ext4 \ method{ format } format{ } \ use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext4 } \ mountpoint{ / } \ . \ 4096 25 100000 ext4 \ method{ format } format{ } \ use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ ext4 } \ mountpoint{ /var } \ . \ 256 75 100% linux-swap \ method{ swap } format{ } \ . Given an 80GB drive. I ended up with these partitions: / 2GB /boot 1GB /var 4GB swap 72GB What went wrong? What I want is: / 2GB /boot 1GB /var 72GB swap 4GB

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• Time drift in Cloud Server - need to mainpulate GRUB config

  - by Aditya Advani

  We are hosting a VPS on a popular host and are experiencing a regular time drift of several minutes a day forward (approx 7). Linux Kernel: 2.6.18-164.11.1.el5 GNU/Linux Distro: CentOS release 5.4 (Final) We reached out to our hosting provider and their support advised us " This is a known issue with Cloud Servers. To fix this you will need to add one line to your grub config located at: /boot/grub/menu.lst The line you need to add is: noapic nolapic divider=10 nolapic_timer This should correct this issue. You will need to restart after this is added in. " Because I am wary of manipulating grub, mostly I'm terrified that our server may fail to restart - I ask you guys, the pro *nix admins - where exactly in this file does the recommended insertion below: # line from 1&1 for time syncing issue (Case 5163) noapic nolapic divider=10 nolapic_timer go? Please specify where exactly, and whether the order of commands is or is not important. Why is the block below "title CentOS ..." indented? If someone could give me an overview of how this works or point me to a resource that's easy to follow, that's what I'm looking for immediately, a light overview or basic understanding of what I;m doing. If GRUB and bootloaders are a deep dark treasure trove of kernel hacking or something, that's great well-recommended in-depth resources are also very welcome. This is my current /boot/grub/menu.lst # grub.conf generated by anaconda # # Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file #boot=/dev/sda # serial --unit=0 --speed=57600 terminal --timeout=5 serial console timeout=5 title CentOS (2.6.18-164.11.1.el5) root (hd0,0) kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18-164.11.1.el5 ro root=/dev/hda1 console=tty0 console=tty initrd /boot/initrd-2.6.18-164.11.1.el5.img MOST IMPORTANT: I need to know where in the file above it is appropriate to paste the suggested line so I can confidently restart my VPS after manipulating GRUB config

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• How to restore using DriveImage XML image if unable to make a BartPE CD

  - by CChriss

  I have a Windows Vista laptop that won't boot at all. On the D: drive I have DriveImage XML images of C: drive, but I don't have a BartPE boot CD and I don't have a Vista install CD. How can I image the C: using the images on D: if I can't make a BartPE CD because I can't boot to Windows? Is there a BartPE (with DriveImage XML plugin) iso I can download from somewhere, or what can I do? Thanks.

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• Editing a windows XP installation's registry without being able to log in.

  - by Alain

  I've got a windows XP installation that has a corrupt registry. A worm (which was removed) had hijacked the HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon entry (which should have a value of Userinit=C:\windows\system32\userinit.exe When the worm was removed, the corrupt entry was deleted entirely, and now the system automatically logs off immediately after attempting to log in. Regardless of the user and boot mode, no accounts can be logged in to. The only thing required to correct this behavior is to restore the registry key, but I cannot come up with any ways of editing the registry without logging in to an account. I tried remotely connecting to the registry but the required services aren't enabled on the machine. I tried booting on the same machine using the BartPE boot CD but I could not find any way of editing the registry on the C:\Windows installation - running regedit only modifies the X:\I386\ registry in memory. So, what can I use modify the registry of an un-login-able Windows XP instance so that I can log in again? Thanks guys. EDIT: The fix worked. The solution to the auto-logoff problem was, as hoped, to simply add the value mentioned above to the appropriate registry entry. This can be done using the BartPE Boot CD, as described in the accepted answer below, but I used the Offline NT Registry Editor software mentioned in another answer. The steps were: Boot from the NT Registry Editor CD Follow the directions until the appropriate boot sector is loaded. Instead of using one of the default options for modifying passwords or user accounts, type "software" to edit that hive. Type '9' to enter the command line based registry editor. Type "cd Microsoft" (enter) "cd Windows NT" (enter) "cd CurrentVersion" (enter) "cd Winlogon" (enter) Type "nv 1 Userinit" to create a new value under the Winlogon key Type "ev Userinit" to edit the new value, and when prompted, type "C:\windows\system32\userinit.exe" (enter) Type 'q' to quit the registry editor, and as you back out of the system, follow directions to write the hive back to disk. Restart your computer and log in - problem solved. (generic 'warning: back up your registry' disclaimer)

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• How to do an automated installation of Ubuntu on 100 Remote machines?

  - by user40876

  Help!  I desperately need some advice / help... I want an automated install (via CD or USB) of Ubuntu 10.04 ...on 100 remote machines located all over the country, using a Kickstart configuration file accessible from my web server. How do I create the boot CD (or USB)? How do I specifically add the boot parameters to that boot CD (or USB) to tell it the URL to use for it's automated Kickstart install?

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• Ubuntu Server 12.04 LTS on Hyper-V 2012

  - by user137533

  I have the following scenario: Hyper-V 2012 server core installation. On top of this i created a virtual machine on which i tried installing Ubuntu Server 12.04 which should not have any compatibility issues according to what Microsoft and Ubuntu are saying (although it is not officially supported). I start, run the installation and everything is ok, no problems detecting the network device or the hard drive (unlike debian which didn't even detect the hard drive). Once the installation is complete it asks me to reboot, it unmounts the "dvd drive" and reboots. Once it tries to start again i get the following error: Boot failure. Reboot and Select proper Boot device or Insert Boot Media in the selected Boot device. It seems to not be booting up from the virtual hard drive. The hard drive is set up in SCSI mode, nothing mounted on the IDE controller (no iso image or anything else. Does anyone have any ideas on what i can do to solve this?

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• Booting large ISO through PXE

  - by Devator

  I currently have a FOG server (which works perfectly fine) and I'm trying to boot Windows 7 through it (with memdisk). But, since the ISO is rather large (more than 6 GB) it will try to put the ISO into memory and then boot however it crashes with the error message not enough memory to load specified image. The systems here don't have 6 GB of RAM so I need another way to boot it. I am aware of WDS and SCCM, however I want todo this with FOG. Is there any way to boot the ISO and install Windows through FOG?

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• Using mixed disks and OpenFiler to create RAID storage

  - by Cylindric

  I need to improve my home storage to add some resilience. I currently have four disks, as follows: D0: 500Gb (System, Boot) D1: 1Tb D2: 500Gb D3: 250Gb There's a mix of partitions on there, so it's not JBOD, but data is pretty spread out and not redundant. As this is my primary PC and I don't want to give up the entire OS to storage, my plan is to use OpenFiler in a VM to create a virtual SAN. I will also use Windows Software RAID to mirror the OS. Partitions will be created as follows: D0 P1: 100Mb: System-Reserved Boot D0 P2: 50Gb: Virtual Machine VMDKs for OS D0 P3: 350Gb: Data D1 P1: 100Mb: System-Reserved Boot D1 P2: 50Gb: Virtual Machine VMDKs for OS D1 P3: 800Gb: Data D2 P1: 450Gb: Data D3 P1: 200Gb: Data This will result in: Mirrored boot partition Mirrored Operating system Mirrored Virtual machine O/S disks Four partitions for data In the four data partitions I will create several large VMDK files, which I will "mount" into OpenFiler as block-storage devices, combined into three RAID arrays (due to the differing disk sizes) In effect, I'll end up with the following usable partitions SYSTEM 100Mb the small boot partition created by the Windows 7 installer (RAID-1) HOST 50Gb the Windows 7 partition (RAID-1) GUESTS 50Gb Virtual machine Guest VMDK's (RAID-1) VG1 900Gb Volume group consisting of a RAID-5 and two RAID-1 VG2 300Gb Volume group consisting of a single disk On VG1 I can dynamically assign storage for my media, photographs, documents, whatever, and it will be safe. On VG2 I can dynamically assign storage for my data that is not critical, and easily recoverable, as it is not safe. Are there any particular 'gotchas' when implementing a virtual OpenFiler like this? Is the recovery process for a failing disk going to be very problematic? Thanks.

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• What does "link to unknown" mean?

  - by Question Overflow

  I just upgraded my server to Fedora 17 which made a switch of my bootloader from GRUB Legacy to GRUB2. There are two symbolic links in the /etc folder that points to the files grub.conf and grub.cfg in /boot/grub and /boot/grub2 respectively. Though the targets seem correct, the link icons are displaying an X status which seems to indicate that the links are broken. Upon right-clicking the property type, it states "link to unknown". The file size of the link corresponds exactly with the file size of the target file, so, why does the links appear to be broken? The image of the link icons: As requested, the following are the outputs from the commands: $ ls -l /etc/grub.conf lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 22 Jul 14 2011 /etc/grub.conf -> ../boot/grub/grub.conf $ ls -l /etc/grub2.cfg lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 22 Dec 10 18:57 /etc/grub2.cfg -> ../boot/grub2/grub.cfg

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• Linux and GeForce 8400 dual monitor

  - by Andrea Polci

  I'm trying to install a linux distribution on my PC. I have a GeForce 8400 GS with two connected monitors. I tried with Fedora 12 and Ubuntu 9.10 (both 64 and 32 bit) and the live cd cannot boot properly. I don't get a visible error on Ubuntu, it simply hangs up during the boot. With Fedora I get this error: [drm] Modeset on unsupported output type [drm] Table 0x0000 not found for 1/1 using first I tried to disconnect one of the two monitor and was able to install on my HD and boot from there, but if I try to connect the second monitor again I cannot boot. Do I need to install something else? (a driver for my video card for example).

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• GRUB-2 Bootloader fails to load for lack of floppy drive. Ubuntu 10.4 & Windows XP

  - by kammer

  2010.07.21 while trying to install Ubuntu 10.4 Hello all, I've been trying to install Ubuntu 10.04 on my Dell workstation and am unable to get the Grub-2 bootloader to load properly. It seems to be failing for lack of a floppy drive on the system resulting in an error message that reads : error: fd0 cannot get C/H/S values. I've gone through the Grub-2 page at https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2 to no avail and other sources having similar problems have likewise turned up no solutions. I would certainly appreciate any insight, here's the background: A while back I was trying to install a different version of Linux and had the same problems, then had to set the project aside for a bit. I don't think this has anything to do with Linux or Ubuntu per se, but rather Grub. The system is an old (4-5 years) Dell workstation that has one drive (128 GB) set up for Windows XP and a second new drive (500GB) which I installed for Linux. There is a DVD/CD drive and the system contains no floppy drive at all. In one attempt to get this working I tried modifying the BIOS to indicate there was a floppy drive - this created a failure earlier in the chain with the BIOS failing to load properly, not unexpected, just a shot in the dark at that point. At the moment I am considering just running out to buy and install a cheap floppy drive to see if that helps. I'll never use the thing though so I'd rather find a solution that doesn't require me to spend money on useless hardware. In any case, here's the /boot/grub/grub.cfg contents: # # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE # # It is automatically generated by /usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig using templates # from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub # ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ### if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then load_env fi set default="0" if [ ${prev_saved_entry} ]; then set saved_entry=${prev_saved_entry} save_env saved_entry set prev_saved_entry= save_env prev_saved_entry set boot_once=true fi function savedefault { if [ -z ${boot_once} ]; then saved_entry=${chosen} save_env saved_entry fi } function recordfail { set recordfail=1 if [ -n ${have_grubenv} ]; then if [ -z ${boot_once} ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi } insmod ext2 set root='(hd1,1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set fbebde47-f488-41b0-9480-337802ecb988 if loadfont /usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then set gfxmode=640x480 insmod gfxterm insmod vbe if terminal_output gfxterm ; then true ; else # For backward compatibility with versions of terminal.mod that don't # understand terminal_output terminal gfxterm fi fi insmod ext2 set root='(hd1,1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set fbebde47-f488-41b0-9480-337802ecb988 set locale_dir=($root)/boot/grub/locale set lang=en insmod gettext if [ ${recordfail} = 1 ]; then set timeout=-1 else set timeout=10 fi insmod play play 480 440 1 ### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### set menu_color_normal=white/black set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray ### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-21-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail insmod ext2 set root='(hd1,1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set fbebde47-f488-41b0-9480-337802ecb988 linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-21-generic root=UUID=fbebde47-f488-41b0-9480-337802ecb988 ro quiet splash initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-21-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-21-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail insmod ext2 set root='(hd1,1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set fbebde47-f488-41b0-9480-337802ecb988 echo 'Loading Linux 2.6.32-21-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-21-generic root=UUID=fbebde47-f488-41b0-9480-337802ecb988 ro single echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-21-generic } ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+)" { insmod ext2 set root='(hd1,1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set fbebde47-f488-41b0-9480-337802ecb988 linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin } menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)" { insmod ext2 set root='(hd1,1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set fbebde47-f488-41b0-9480-337802ecb988 linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8 } ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### menuentry "Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition (on /dev/sda1)" { insmod ntfs set root='(hd0,1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 6ef0d4b4f0d4842d drivemap -s (hd0) ${root} chainloader +1 } ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change # the 'exec tail' line above. ### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### Thoughts anyone? Thanks in advance.

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• Windows 8 freezes after every other reboot on Lenovo W520 after about 10 seconds

  - by John Nevermore

  I have a Lenovo W520 laptop with i7-2760QM, intel 520 SSD and Nvidia Quadro 1000m. When i boot the PC with discrete graphics SET in BIOS, the computer totally freezes and the only thing left to do is reboot. This only happens with NVidia drivers for Windows 8 x64 installed (I've tried about 4 different drivers on Nvidia's site). When i boot the PC with integrated graphics set in BIOS, there is a momentary "hickup" after about 10 seconds (instead of freezing) and then everything is working fine. When i boot the PC with discrete graphics ON and no Nvidia drivers installed, the same thing happens as described above with integrated graphics. I've tried doing 1) bcdedit /set disabledynamictick yes 2) Disabling VT-x in BIOS (Seriously would prefer not to disable it, since i use VM-s almost every day) but no dice. The only thing that worked was to enable the Hyper-v feature. I was then able to boot properly with discrete graphics and Nvidia drivers installed, but since i use VMWare for VM development this was no solution (VMWare complained about not being able to launch because of Hyper-v being installed). I followed the instructions in this tutorial, to be able to run VMWare. Then the computer just booted into a black screen past Windows logo. How to boot Windows 8 x64 without freezing with Quadro 1000M enabled, Nvidia Drivers installed and Hyper-v feature preferably disabled ?

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• Why does my Mac always crash when I enable `ask for password after screensaver ended`?

  - by Koning Baard XIV

  I have enabled these two things: Placing the mouse-pointer in the bottom-left corner of any display makes the screensaver appear After the screensaver or stand-by has ended, ask for password However, this combination always leads to this (Black Screen of Death) after entering the screensaver with the bottom-left corner: Here are my system specs: Hardware Overview: Model Name: iMac Model Identifier: iMac9,1 Processor Name: Intel Core 2 Duo Processor Speed: 2,66 GHz Number Of Processors: 1 Total Number Of Cores: 2 L2 Cache: 6 MB Memory: 2 GB Bus Speed: 1,07 GHz Boot ROM Version: IM91.008D.B08 SMC Version (system): 1.44f0 Serial Number (system): W89171JF0TF Hardware UUID: 323A90F0-8A2F-5057-B501-2087489E0DFF System Software Overview: System Version: Mac OS X 10.6.3 (10D573) Kernel Version: Darwin 10.3.0 Boot Volume: Macintosh HD Boot Mode: Normal Computer Name: YOU SHOULD NOT KNOW THIS User Name: YOU SHOULD NOT KNOW THIS Secure Virtual Memory: Not Enabled 64-bit Kernel and Extensions: No Time since boot: 11:46 Can anyone help me? Thanks

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• i7 overclocking problem

  - by benwebdev

  Hi everyone, I've got an overclocked system that seems to be misbehaving. When trying to boot up from cold the system just hangs and nothing is output to the screen. Fans are on as they should but nothing happens to finish the boot. From here I have to switch it off then on again and the boot completes. If I go into the tweak menu in the BIOS I'm informed that a boot has failed I've been in touch with Overclockers UK support a bit and theres not yet been a solution. We've mainly been tweaking the voltage for the CPU. Any suggestions? I'm new to Overclocking which is why I got a bundle with OCUK. With this issue happening on Cold Boot too its tricky to test as I have to make a change then wait till the next day. My system is here: Intel Core i7 930 2.80Ghz overclocked to 4GHz Gigabyte X58A-UD3R (BIOS Version: FC) 6GB RAM Power Supply - CoolerMaster Silent Pro M series 700W One suggestion made by OCUK was that maybe its the power supply but I'm not sure and dont have a spare - it's brand new and a pretty expensive piece of kit. Any thoughts on this? Other recomendations for Power? thanks Ben

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• Where to get grub files without using grub-install

  - by Jacky

  I am in a particular situation. I have a MacBook Pro with no internal CD drive and both MacOS X (minimal setup) and Linux (my main system) is installed. During a cross-upgrade to Ubuntu 12.04 I messed up grub, so that my /boot/grub directory is basically empty. This means I can't boot Linux on the laptop anymore but only get into grub rescue. Normally this is no issue as you'd just boot from a rescue CD or USB stick, but unfortunately with a MacBook Pro this is not possible (I have reFIT installed and it attempts to boot, but it fails and the manual says that Apple's EFI firmware is not able to handle this situation). From MacOS X, however, I still have write access to the Linux partition. I've now been trying to figure out how to populate the /boot/grub folder with the necessary files, to no avail so far. The ISO image of Ubuntu 12.04 contains an EFI folder which is not what I am looking for, instead I need the normal.mod files for the grub version of Ubuntu 12.04. I do not have any other machine to set up a virtual machine of Ubuntu 12.04 to extract this from after a grub-install, so I am asking for ideas here how to solve this mess. P.S.: I installed the Linux previously when I still had a working internal CD drive. This is gone now.

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