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• Software Architecture: Quality Attributes

  Quality is what all software engineers should strive for when building a new system or adding new functionality. Dictonary.com ambiguously defines quality as a grade of excellence. Unfortunately, quality must be defined within the context of a situation in that each engineer must extract quality attributes from a project’s requirements. Because quality is defined by project requirements the meaning of quality is constantly changing base on the project. Software architecture factors that indicate the relevance and effectiveness The relevance and effectiveness of architecture can vary based on the context in which it was conceived and the quality attributes that are required to meet. Typically when evaluating architecture for a specific system regarding relevance and effectiveness the following questions should be asked.   Architectural relevance and effectiveness questions: Does the architectural concept meet the needs of the system for which it was designed? Out of the competing architectures for a system, which one is the most suitable? If we look at the first question regarding meeting the needs of a system for which it was designed. A system that answers yes to this question must meet all of its quality goals. This means that it consistently meets or exceeds performance goals for the system. In addition, the system meets all the other required system attributers based on the systems requirements. The suitability of a system is based on several factors. In order for a project to be suitable the necessary resources must be available to complete the task. Standard Project Resources: Money Trained Staff Time Life cycle factors that affect the system and design The development life cycle used on a project can drastically affect how a system’s architecture is created as well as influence its design. In the case of using the software development life cycle (SDLC) each phase must be completed before the next can begin.  This waterfall approach does not allow for changes in a system’s architecture after that phase is completed. This can lead to major system issues when the architecture for the system is not as optimal because of missed quality attributes. This can occur when a project has poor requirements and makes misguided architectural decisions to name a few examples. Once the architectural phase is complete the concepts established in this phase must move on to the design phase that is bound to use the concepts and guidelines defined in the previous phase regardless of any missing quality attributes needed for the project. If any issues arise during this phase regarding the selected architectural concepts they cannot be corrected during the current project. This directly has an effect on the design of a system because the proper qualities required for the project where not used when the architectural concepts were approved. When this is identified nothing can be done to fix the architectural issues and system design must use the existing architectural concepts regardless of its missing quality properties because the architectural concepts for the project cannot be altered. The decisions made in the design phase then preceded to fall down to the implementation phase where the actual system is coded based on the approved architectural concepts established in the architecture phase regardless of its architectural quality. Conversely projects using more of an iterative or agile methodology to implement a system has more flexibility to correct architectural decisions based on missing quality attributes. This is due to each phase of the SDLC is executed more than once so any issues identified in architecture of a system can be corrected in the next architectural phase. Subsequently the corresponding changes will then be adjusted in the following design phase so that when the project is completed the optimal architectural and design decision are applied to the solution. Architecture factors that indicate functional suitability Systems that have function shortcomings do not have the proper functionality based on the project’s driving quality attributes. What this means in English is that the system does not live up to what is required of it by the stakeholders as identified by the missing quality attributes and requirements. One way to prevent functional shortcomings is to test the project’s architecture, design, and implementation against the project’s driving quality attributes to ensure that none of the attributes were missed in any of the phases. Another way to ensure a system has functional suitability is to certify that all its requirements are fully articulated so that there is no chance for misconceptions or misinterpretations by all stakeholders. This will help prevent any issues regarding interpreting the system requirements during the initial architectural concept phase, design phase and implementation phase. Consider the applicability of other architectural models When considering an architectural model for a project is also important to consider other alternative architectural models to ensure that the model that is selected will meet the systems required functionality and high quality attributes. Recently I can remember talking about a project that I was working on and a coworker suggested a different architectural approach that I had never considered. This new model will allow for the same functionally that is offered by the existing model but will allow for a higher quality project because it fulfills more quality attributes. It is always important to seek alternatives prior to committing to an architectural model. Factors used to identify high-risk components A high risk component can be defined as a component that fulfills 2 or more quality attributes for a system. An example of this can be seen in a web application that utilizes a remote database. One high-risk component in this system is the TCIP component because it allows for HTTP connections to handle by a web server and as well as allows for the server to also connect to a remote database server so that it can import data into the system. This component allows for the assurance of data quality attribute and the accessibility quality attribute because the system is available on the network. If for some reason the TCIP component was to fail the web application would fail on two quality attributes accessibility and data assurance in that the web site is not accessible and data cannot be update as needed. Summary As stated previously, quality is what all software engineers should strive for when building a new system or adding new functionality. The quality of a system can be directly determined by how closely it is implemented when compared to its desired quality attributes. One way to insure a higher quality system is to enforce that all project requirements are fully articulated so that no assumptions or misunderstandings can be made by any of the stakeholders. By doing this a system has a better chance of becoming a high quality system based on its quality attributes

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• Dynamic attributes with Rails and Mongoid

  - by japancheese

  Hello, I'm learning MongoDB through the Mongoid Ruby gem with Rails (Rails 3 beta 3), and I'm trying to come up with a way to create dynamic attributes on a model based on fields from another model, which I thought a schema-less database would be a good choice for. So for example, I'd have the models: class Account include Mongoid::Document field :name, :type => String field :token, :type => String field :info_needed, :type => Array embeds_many :members end class Member include Mongoid::Document embedded_in :account, :inverse_of => :members end I'm looking to take the "info_needed" attribute of the Account model and created dynamic attributes on the Member model based on what's inside. If club.info_needed was ["first_name", "last_name"], I'm trying to create a form that would save first_name and last_name attributes to the Member model. However, upon practice, I just keep getting "undefined method first_name=" errors on the Member model when trying to do this. I know MongoDB can handle dynamic attributes per record, but how can I get Mongoid to do this without an undefined method error?

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• DataAnnotation attributes buddy class strangeness - ASP.NET MVC

  - by JK

  Given this POCO class that was automatically generated by an EntityFramework T4 template (has not and can not be manually edited in any way): public partial class Customer { [Required] [StringLength(20, ErrorMessage = "Customer Number - Please enter no more than 20 characters.")] [DisplayName("Customer Number")] public virtual string CustomerNumber { get;set; } [Required] [StringLength(10, ErrorMessage = "ACNumber - Please enter no more than 10 characters.")] [DisplayName("ACNumber")] public virtual string ACNumber{ get;set; } } Note that "ACNumber" is a badly named database field, so the autogenerator is unable to generate the correct display name and error message which should be "Account Number". So we manually create this buddy class to add custom attributes that could not be automatically generated: [MetadataType(typeof(CustomerAnnotations))] public partial class Customer { } public class CustomerAnnotations { [NumberCode] // This line does not work public virtual string CustomerNumber { get;set; } [StringLength(10, ErrorMessage = "Account Number - Please enter no more than 10 characters.")] [DisplayName("Account Number")] public virtual string ACNumber { get;set; } } Where [NumberCode] is a simple regex based attribute that allows only digits and hyphens: [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Property)] public class NumberCodeAttribute: RegularExpressionAttribute { private const string REGX = @"^[0-9-]+$"; public NumberCodeAttribute() : base(REGX) { } } NOW, when I load the page, the DisplayName attribute works correctly - it shows the display name from the buddy class not the generated class. The StringLength attribute does not work correctly - it shows the error message from the generated class ("ACNumber" instead of "Account Number"). BUT the [NumberCode] attribute in the buddy class does not even get applied to the AccountNumber property: foreach (ValidationAttribute attrib in prop.Attributes.OfType<ValidationAttribute>()) { // This collection correctly contains all the [Required], [StringLength] attributes // BUT does not contain the [NumberCode] attribute ApplyValidation(generator, attrib); } Why does the prop.Attributes.OfType<ValidationAttribute>() collection not contain the [NumberCode] attribute? NumberCode inherits RegularExpressionAttribute which inherits ValidationAttribute so it should be there. If I manually move the [NumberCode] attribute to the autogenerated class, then it is included in the prop.Attributes.OfType<ValidationAttribute>() collection. So what I don't understand is why this particular attribute does not work in when in the buddy class, when other attributes in the buddy class do work. And why this attribute works in the autogenerated class, but not in the buddy. Any ideas? Also why does DisplayName get overriden by the buddy, when StringLength does not?

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• what is difference between attr_accessible(*attributes) & attr_protected(*attributes)

  - by Salil

  Hi All, I want to know what is difference between attr_accessible(*attributes) & attr_protected(*attributes) with example if any. I see many developers used it in there model. i google around it but i don't get exactly what is the importance of that so i like if someone explain me the importance 7 it's neccesity in different scenario's. Thanks in Advance.

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• Nested Classes: A useful tool or an encapsulation violation?

  - by Bryan Harrington

  So I'm still on the fence as to whether or not I should be using these or not. I feel its an extreme violation of encapsulation, however I find that I am able to achieve some degree of encapsulation while gaining more flexibility in my code. Previous Java/Swing projects I had used nested classes to some degree, However now I have moved into other projects in C# and I am avoid their use. How do you feel about nested classes?

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• C++ visibility of privately inherited typedefs to nested classes

  - by beldaz

  First time on StackOverflow, so please be tolerant. In the following example (apologies for the length) I have tried to isolate some unexpected behaviour I've encountered when using nested classes within a class that privately inherits from another. I've often seen statements to the effect that there is nothing special about a nested class compared to an unnested class, but in this example one can see that a nested class (at least according to GCC 4.4) can see the public typedefs of a class that is privately inherited by the closing class. I appreciate that typdefs are not the same as member data, but I found this behaviour surprising, and I imagine many others would, too. So my question is threefold: Is this standard behaviour? (a decent explanation of why would be very helpful) Can one expect it to work on most modern compilers (i.e., how portable is it)? #include <iostream> class Base { typedef int priv_t; priv_t priv; public: typedef int pub_t; pub_t pub; Base() : priv(0), pub(1) {} }; class PubDerived : public Base { public: // Not allowed since Base::priv is private // void foo() {std::cout << priv << "\n";} class Nested { // Not allowed since Nested has no access to PubDerived member data // void foo() {std::cout << pub << "\n";} // Not allowed since typedef Base::priv_t is private // void bar() {priv_t x=0; std::cout << x << "\n";} }; }; class PrivDerived : private Base { public: // Allowed since Base::pub is public void foo() {std::cout << pub << "\n";} class Nested { public: // Works (gcc 4.4 - see below) void fred() {pub_t x=0; std::cout << x << "\n";} }; }; int main() { // Not allowed since typedef Base::priv_t private // std::cout << PubDerived::priv_t(0) << "\n"; // Allowed since typedef Base::pub_t is inaccessible std::cout << PubDerived::pub_t(0) << "\n"; // Prints 0 // Not allowed since typedef Base::pub_t is inaccessible //std::cout << PrivDerived::pub_t(0) << "\n"; // Works (gcc 4.4) PrivDerived::Nested o; o.fred(); // Prints 0 return 0; }

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• Delete Nodes + attributes that match Xpath except specific attributes

  - by Ryan Ternier

  I'm trying to find the best (efficient) way of doing this. I have a medium sized XML document. Depending on specific settings certain portions of it need to be filtered out for security reasons. I'll be doing this in XSLT as it's configurable and no code should need changing. I've looked around, but not getting much luck on it. For example: I have the following XPath: //*[@root='2.16.840.1.113883.3.51.1.1.6.1'] Whicrooth gives me all nodes with a root attribute equal to a specific OID. In these nodes I want to have all attributes except for a few (ex. foo and bar) erased, and then having another attribute added (ex. reason) I also need to have multiple XPath expressions that can be ran to zero down on a specific node and clear it's contents out in a similar fashion, with respect to nodes with specific attributes. I'm playing around with information from: XPath expression to select all XML child nodes except a specific list? and XSLT Remove Elements and/or Attributes by Name per XSL Parameters Will update shortly when I can have access what what I"ve done so far. Example: XML Before Transformation <root> <childNode> <innerChild root="2.16.840.1.113883.3.51.1.1.6.1" a="b" b="c" type="innerChildness"/> <innerChildSibling/> </childNode> <animals> <cat> <name>bob</name> </cat> </animals> <tree/> <water root="2.16.840.1.113883.3.51.1.1.6.1" z="zed" l="ell" type="liquidLIke"/> </root> After <root> <childNode> <innerChild root="2.16.840.1.113883.3.51.1.1.6.1" flavor="MSK"/> <!-- filtered --> <innerChildSibling/> </childNode> <animals> <cat flavor="MSK" /> <!-- cat was filtered --> </animals> <tree/> <water root="2.16.840.1.113883.3.51.1.1.6.1" flavor="MSK"/> <!-- filtered --> </root>

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• Access file by its id and change file attributes

  - by 0xDEAD BEEF

  Just like every file also directories have file id. You can see them by typing ls -i How do I view file content by its id? How do I change directory attribute to file (remove D) and vice versa!

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• [VB.Net] System.IO will copy files, but fails to update destinations file attributes

  - by CFP

  Hello, I have a little vb.net script that will copy a file, set its attributes to Normal, update the file time, and then set back the attributes to match those of the source file. If IO.File.Exists(Destination) Then IO.File.SetAttributes(Destination, IO.FileAttributes.Normal) IO.File.Copy(Source, Destination, True) IO.File.SetAttributes(Destination, IO.FileAttributes.Normal) IO.File.SetLastWriteTimeUtc(Destination, IO.File.GetLastWriteTimeUtc(Destination).AddHours(1)) IO.File.SetAttributes(Destination, IO.File.GetAttributes(Source)) I however I'm encountering a quite strange problem. On some configurations, IO.File.SetLastWriteTimeUtc triggers an UnauthorizedAccess error, although the IO.File.Copy instruction worked very well. I'm totally puzzled: I've checked, and file attributes are set to 128 (ie. Normal) successfully. The problem seems to be with the very SetLastWriteTimeUtc. But what is it? Any ideas? Thanks a lot!

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• Django models & Python class attributes

  - by Geo

  The tutorial on the django website shows this code for the models: from django.db import models class Poll(models.Model): question = models.CharField(max_length=200) pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published') class Choice(models.Model): poll = models.ForeignKey(Poll) choice = models.CharField(max_length=200) votes = models.IntegerField() Now, each of those attribute, is a class attribute, right? So, the same attribute should be shared by all instances of the class. A bit later, they present this code: class Poll(models.Model): # ... def __unicode__(self): return self.question class Choice(models.Model): # ... def __unicode__(self): return self.choice How did they turn from class attributes into instance attributes? Did I get class attributes wrong?

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• What is the best way to add attributes to auto-generated entities (using VS2010 and EF4)

  - by Dani

  ASP.NET MVC2 has strong support for using attributes on entities (validation, and extending Html helper class and more). If I generated my Model from the Database using VS2010 EF4 Entity Data Model (edmx and it's cs class), And I want to add attributes on some of the entities. what would be the best practice ? how should I cope with updating the model (adding more fields / tables to the database and merging them into the edmx) - will it keep my attributes or generate a new cs file erasing everything ? (Manual changes to this file may cause unexpected behavior in your application.) (Manual changes to this file will be overwritten if the code is regenerated.)

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• C#/.NET: Retrieving the contents/file attributes from a file inside a recycle bin

  - by eibhrum

  Hi, I just wanna ask if there's a possibility to retrieve the contents of a 'dump' file from the recycle bin programatically. The contents that I'm looking for are file attributes like 'Date Last Modified, 'Data created', 'size', etc (without restoring the file itself to the original location to preserve the original attributes found while inside the recycle bin.) Comments and suggestions are highly appreciated. Thanks.

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• pure/const function attributes in different compilers

  - by Albert

  pure/const function attributes in GCC llvm-gcc supports the GCC pure/const attributes What about ICC, clang, MSVC and others? (I will collect them here.)

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• Attributes don't inherit?

  - by Stebi

  I played with attributes and assumed that they are inherited but it doesn't seem so: type [MyAttribute] TClass1 = class end; TClass2 = class(TClass1) end; TClass2 doesn't have the Attribute "MyAttribute" although it inherits from Class1. Is there any possibility to make an attribute inheritable? Or do I have to go up the class hierarchy and search for attributes?

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• Efficiency of nested Loop

  - by didxga

  See the following snippet: //first nested loops for(int i=0;i<10;i++) { for(int j=1;j<1000000;j++) { //do some stuff } } //second nested loops for(int i=0;i<1000000;i++) { for(int j=1;j<10;j++) { //do some stuff } } I am wondering why the first nested loops is running slower than the second one? Regards!

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• Adjacency List Tree Using Recursive WITH (Postgres 8.4) instead of Nested Set

  - by Koobz

  I'm looking for a Django tree library and doing my best to avoid Nested Sets (they're a nightmare to maintain). The cons of the adjacency list model have always been an inability to fetch descendants without resorting to multiple queries. The WITH clause in Postgres seems like a solid solution to this problem. Has anyone seen any performance reports regarding WITH vs. Nested Set? I assume the Nested set will still be faster but as long as they're in the same complexity class, I could swallow a 2x performance discrepancy. Django-Treebeard interests me. Does anyone know if they've implemented the WITH clause when running under Postgres? Has anyone here made the switch away from Nested Sets in light of the WITH clause?

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• Nested function in C

  - by Sachin Chourasiya

  Can we have a nested function in C? What is the use of nested functions? If they exist in C does there implementation differes from compiler to compiler. Are nested functions allowed in any other language? If yes then what is there significance?

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• Mounting a Nested SSH Location

  - by Brandon Pelfrey

  I have a server that is only SSH-accessible to machines within a network and my only access to that network from the outside world is a single publicly-SSH-accessible node. Is there some way that I can mount the nested machine from the outside? Me - Public SSH-accessible Node - Internal SSH-accessible Machine Thanks!

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• Mocking attributes - C#

  - by bob

  I use custom Attributes in a project and I would like to integrate them in my unit-tests. Now I use Rhino Mocks to create my mocks but I don't see a way to add my attributes (and there parameters) to them. Did I miss something, or is it not possible? Other mocking framework? Or do I have to create dummy implementations with my attributes? example: I have an interface in a plugin-architecture (IPlugin) and there is an attribute to add meta info to a property. Then I look for properties with this attribute in the plugin implementation for extra processing (storing its value, mark as gui read-only...) Now when I create a mock can I add easily an attribute to a property or the object instance itself? EDIT: I found a post with the same question - link. The answer there is not 100% and it is Java... EDIT 2: It can be done... searched some more (on SO) and found 2 related questions (+ answers) here and here Now, is this already implemented in one or another mocking framework?

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• Sorting deeply nested attributes in Rails

  - by Senthil

  I want to be able to drag and drag App model which is nested under Category model. http://railscasts.com/episodes/196-nested-model-form-part-1 's the Railscast I've tried to follow. Category controller def move params[:apps].each_with_index do |id, index| Category.last.apps.update(['position=?', index+1], ['id=?', Category.last.id]) end render :nothing => true end I'm able to sort Categories with something similar, but since I'm updating an attribute, I'm having trouble. def sort params[:categories].each_with_index do |id, index| Category.update_all(['position=?', index+1], ['id=?', id]) end render :nothing => true end Any help is appreciated.

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• Saving custom attributes in NSAttributedString

  - by regulus6633

  I need to add a custom attribute to the selected text in an NSTextView. So I can do that by getting the attributed string for the selection, adding a custom attribute to it, and then replacing the selection with my new attributed string. So now I get the text view's attributed string as NSData and write it to a file. Later when I open that file and restore it to the text view my custom attributes are gone! After working out the entire scheme for my custom attribute I find that custom attributes are not saved for you. Look at the IMPORTANT note here: http://developer.apple.com/mac/library/DOCUMENTATION/Cocoa/Conceptual/AttributedStrings/Tasks/RTFAndAttrStrings.html So I have no idea how to save and restore my documents with this custom attribute. Any help?

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• RegEx to extract all HTML tag attributes including inline JavaScript

  - by Mike

  I found this useful regex code here while looking to parse HTML tag attributes: (\S+)=["']?((?:.(?!["']?\s+(?:\S+)=|[>"']))+.)["']? It works great, but it's missing one key element that I need. Some attributes are event triggers that have inline Javascript code in them like this: onclick="doSomething(this, 'foo', 'bar');return false;" Or: onclick='doSomething(this, "foo", "bar");return false;' I can't figure out how to get the original expression to not count the quotes from the JS (single or double) while it's nested inside the set of quotes that contain the attribute's value.

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• Inheritance of Custom Attributes on Abstract Properties

  - by Marty Trenouth

  I've got a custom attribute that I want to apply to my base abstract class so that I can skip elements that don't need to be viewed by the user when displaying the item in HTML. It seems that the properties overriding the base class are not inheriting the attributes. Does overriding base properties (abstract or virtual) blow away attributes placed on the original property? From Attribute class Defination [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Property, Inherited = true, AllowMultiple = false)] public class NoHtmlOutput : Attribute { } From Abstract Class Defination [NoHtmlOutput] public abstract Guid UniqueID { get; set; } From Concrete Class Defination public override Guid UniqueID{ get{ return MasterId;} set{MasterId = value;}} From class checking for attribute Type t = o.GetType(); foreach (PropertyInfo pi in t.GetProperties()) { if (pi.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(NoHtmlOutput), true).Length == 1) continue; // processing logic goes here }

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• Ruby on Rails - nested attributes: How do I access the parent model from child model

  - by TMaYaD

  I have a couple of models like so class Bill < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :bill_items belongs_to :store accepts_nested_attributes_for :bill_items end class BillItem <ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :product belongs_to :bill validate :has_enough_stock def has_enough_stock stock_available = Inventory.product_is(self.product).store_is(self.bill.store).one.quantity errors.add(:quantity, "only #{stock_available} is available") if stock_available < self.quantity end end The above validation so obviously doesn't work because when I'm reading the bill_items from nested attributes inside the bill form, the attributes bill_item.bill_id or bill_item.bill are not available before being saved. So how do I go about doing something like that?

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• .Net SvcUtil: attributes must be optional

  - by Michel van Engelen

  Hi, I'm trying to generate C# code classes with SvcUtil.exe instead of Xsd.exe. The latter is giving me some problems. Command line: SvcUtil.exe myschema.xsd /dconly /ser:XmlSerializer Several SvcUtil problems are described and solved here: http://blog.shutupandcode.net/?p=761 One problem I can't solve is this one: Error: Type 'DatafieldDescription' in namespace '' cannot be imported. Attributes must be optional and from namespace 'http://schemas.microsoft.com/2003/10/Seri alization/'. Either change the schema so that the types can map to data contract types or use ImportXmlType or use a different serializer. ' I changed <xs:attribute name="Order" use="required"> to <xs:attribute name="Order" use="optional"> and <xs:attribute name="Order"> But the error remains. Is it possible to use attributes, or do I have to delete them all (in that case, this excercition is over)?

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