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• Don't Use "Static" in C#?

  - by Joshiatto

  I submitted an application I wrote to some other architects for code review. One of them almost immediately wrote me back and said "Don't use "static". You can't write automated tests with static classes and methods. "Static" is to be avoided." I checked and fully 1/4 of my classes are marked "static". I use static when I am not going to create an instance of a class because the class is a single global class used throughout the code. He went on to mention something involving mocking, IOC/DI techniques that can't be used with static code. He says it is unfortunate when 3rd party libraries are static because of their un-testability. Is this other architect correct? update: here is an example: APIManager - this class keeps dictionaries of 3rd party APIs I am calling along with the next allowed time. It enforces API usage limits that a lot of 3rd parties have in their terms of service. I use it anywhere I am calling a 3rd party service by calling Thread.Sleep(APIManager.GetWait("ProviderXYZ")); before making the call. Everything in here is thread safe and it works great with the TPL in C#.

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• How to deal with static utility classes when designing for testability

  - by Benedikt

  We are trying to design our system to be testable and in most parts developed using TDD. Currently we are trying to solve the following problem: In various places it is necessary for us to use static helper methods like ImageIO and URLEncoder (both standard Java API) and various other libraries that consist mostly of static methods (like the Apache Commons libraries). But it is extremely difficult to test those methods that use such static helper classes. I have several ideas for solving this problem: Use a mock framework that can mock static classes (like PowerMock). This may be the simplest solution but somehow feels like giving up. Create instantiable wrapper classes around all those static utilities so they can be injected into the classes that use them. This sounds like a relatively clean solution but I fear we'll end up creating an awful lot of those wrapper classes. Extract every call to these static helper classes into a function that can be overridden and test a subclass of the class I actually want to test. But I keep thinking that this just has to be a problem that many people have to face when doing TDD - so there must already be solutions for this problem. What is the best strategy to keep classes that use these static helpers testable?

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• Static initializer in Java

  - by Szere Dyeri

  My question is about one particular usage of static keyword. It is possible to use static keyword to cover a code block within a class which does not belong to any function. For example following code compiles: public class Test { private static final int a; static { a = 5; doSomething(a); } private static int doSomething(int x) { return (x+5); } } If you remove the static keyword it complains because the variable a is final. However it is possible to remove both final and static keywords and make it compile. It is confusing for me in both ways. How am I supposed to have a code section that does not belong to any method? How is it possible to invoke it? In general, what is the purpose of this usage? Or better, where can I find documentation about this?

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• serving static assets via http is really slow compared to sshfs (apache2/nginx)

  - by s1lv3r

  After migrating to a new VPS I had some users complaining about slow loading images on their sites. After creating some test files with dd I realized that I can download all files via sshfs with full speed while downloads via web are painfully slow. The larger the file is and the longer the transfer takes, the slower the transfer speed gets. I thought I had some problems with Apache and just spend the whole evening with replacing Apache2 against nginx for static file serving - with no effect at all. No I/O wait states in top. Tons of RAM free, no high CPU utilization and hdparm shows a decent I/O performance at all times. I just have no idea anymore, what's happening on this server. This is a link to a demo file: http://master.dealux.de/file.tgz Anybody an idea what I can check out?

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• Google Analytics on Static Site Hosted by GAE

  - by Cody Hess

  I finagled hosting a static site on Google App Engine at http://corbyhaas.com The HTML when visiting the URL shows some meta information and a frame to the site's actual address: http://cody-static-sites.appspot.com/corbyhaas which has the content. This is done automagically by Google App Engine. I've set up Google Analytics by including their script in my index.html, but the report shows 100% of visits coming from referring site "corbyhaas.com", which is useless information. Has anyone set up Google Analytics for a static GAE site? Is there a setting in my Analytics dashboard I can tweak, or is this a hazard of using Google App Engine for static content? Also, while it's not relevant here (but could be for future sites), does GAE's method of showing only meta information with frames for static data affect SEO?

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• Do private static methods in C# hurt anything?

  - by fish

  I created a private validation method for a certain validation that happens multiple times in my class (I can't store the validated data for various reasons). Now, ReSharper suggests that the function could be made static. I'm a little reluctant to do so due known problems with static methods. It would be a private static method. My question is, can private static methods cause similar coupling and testing problems like public static methods? Is it a bad practice? I would guess not, but I'm not sure if there is a pitfall here.

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• To static or not to static

  - by Idsa

  I really like to use static methods (especially for helpers classes). But as static methods are not stubbable, eventually they are a bad practice, aren't they? So I have to choose between static methods usage convenience and testability. Is there any compromise?

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• Static property references non-static method

  - by rhj4

  How can a static property reference a nonstatic method? Example: public static int UserID { get { return GetUserID(); } } private int GetUserID() { return 1; } When I try to compile this, I get the error: "An object reference is required for he non-static field, method or property "GetUserID()"

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• [C++]Advantage of using a static member function instead of an equivalent non-static member function

  - by jonathanasdf

  I was wondering whether there's any advantages to using a static member function when there is a non-static equivalent. Will it result in faster execution (because of not having to care about all of the member variables), or maybe less use of memory (because of not being included in all instances)? Basically, the function I'm looking at is an utility function to rotate an integer array representing pixel colours an arbitrary number of degrees around an arbitrary centre point. It is placed in my abstract Bullet base class, since only the bullets will be using it and I didn't want the overhead of calling it in some utility class. It's a bit too long and used in every single derived bullet class, making it probably not a good idea to inline. How would you suggest I define this function? As a static member function of Bullet, of a non-static member function of Bullet, or maybe not as a member of Bullet but defined outside of the class in Bullet.h? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?

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• ActionScript Defining a Static Constant Array

  - by TheDarkIn1978

  is it not possible to define a static const array? i would like to have an optional parameter to a function that is an array of colors, private static const DEFAULT_COLORS:Array = new Array(0x000000, 0xFFFFFF); public function myConstructor(colorsArray:Array = DEFAULT_COLORS) { } i know i can use ...args but i actually wanting to supply the constructor with 2 separate arrays as option arguments.

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• ActionScript Reading Static Const Array

  - by TheDarkIn1978

  how can i evaluate weather my test array is equal to my static constant DEFAULT_ARRAY? shouldn't my output be returning true? public class myClass extends Sprite { private static const DEFAULT_ARRAY:Array = new Array(1, 2, 3); public function myClass() { var test:Array = new Array(1, 2, 3); trace (test == DEFAULT_ARRAY); } //traces false

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• Syntactic sugar in PHP with static functions

  - by Anna

  The dilemma I'm facing is: should I use static classes for the components of an application just to get nicer looking API? Example - the "normal" way: // example component class Cache{ abstract function get($k); abstract function set($k, $v); } class APCCache extends Cache{ ... } class application{ function __construct() $this->cache = new APCCache(); } function whatever(){ $this->cache->add('blabla'); print $this->cache->get('blablabla'); } } Notice how ugly is this->cache->.... But it gets waay uglier when you try to make the application extensible trough plugins, because then you have to pass the application instance to its plugins, and you get $this->application->cache->... With static functions: interface CacheAdapter{ abstract function get($k); abstract function set($k, $v); } class Cache{ public static $ad; public function setAdapter(CacheAdapter $a){ static::$ad = $ad; } public static function get($k){ return static::$ad->get($k); } ... } class APCCache implements CacheAdapter{ ... } class application{ function __construct(){ cache::setAdapter(new APCCache); } function whatever() cache::add('blabla', 5); print cache::get('blabla'); } } Here it looks nicer because you just call cache::get() everywhere. The disadvantage is that I loose the possibility to extend this class easily. But I've added a setAdapter method to make the class extensible to some point. I'm relying on the fact that I won't need to rewrite to replace the cache wrapper, ever, and that I won't need to run multiple application instances simultaneously (it's basically a site - and nobody works with two sites at the same time) So, am doing it wrong?

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• Initialize Static Array of Structs in C

  - by russell_h

  I implementing a card game in C. There are lots of types of cards and each has a bunch of information, including some actions that will need to be individually scripted associated with it. Given a struct like this (and I'm not certain I have the syntax right for the function pointer) struct CARD { int value; int cost; // This is a pointer to a function that carries out actions unique // to this card int (*do_actions) (struct GAME_STATE *state, int choice1, int choice2); }; I would like to initialize a static array of these, one for each card. I'm guessing this would look something like this int do_card0(struct GAME_STATE *state, int choice1, int choice2) { // Operate on state here } int do_card1(struct GAME_STATE *state, int choice1, int choice2) { // Operate on state here } extern static struct cardDefinitions[] = { {0, 1, do_card0}, {1, 3, do_card1} }; Will this work, and am I going about this the right way at all? I'm trying to avoid huge numbers of switch statements. Do I need to define the 'do_cardN' functions ahead of time, or is there some way to define them inline in the initialization of the struct (something like a lambda function in python)? I'll need read-only access to cardDefinitions from a different file - is 'extern static' correct for that? I know this is a lot of questions rolled into one but I'm really a bit vague about how to go about this. Thanks.

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• non-static variable cannot be referenced from a static context (java)

  - by Greg

  I ask that you ignore all logic.. i was taught poorly at first and so i still dont understand everything about static crap and its killing me. My error is with every single variable that i declare then try to use later inside my methods... i get the non-static variable cannot~~ error I can simply put all the rough coding of my methods inside my cases, and it works but then i cannot use recursion... What i really need is someone to help on the syntax and point me on the right direction of how to have my methods recognize my variables at the top... like compareCount etc thanks public class MyProgram7 { public static void main (String[]args) throws IOException{ Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in); int compareCount = 0; int low = 0; int high = 0; int mid = 0; int key = 0; Scanner temp; int[]list; String menu, outputString; int option = 1; boolean found = false; // Prompt the user to select an option menu = "\n\t1 Reads file" + "\n\t2 Finds a specific number in the list" + "\n\t3 Prints how many comparisons were needed" + "\n\t0 Quit\n\n\n"; System.out.println(menu); System.out.print("\tEnter your selection: "); option = scan.nextInt(); // Keep reading data until the user enters 0 while (option != 0) { switch (option) { case 1: readFile(); break; case 2: findKey(list,low,high,key); break; case 3: printCount(); break; default: outputString = "\nInvalid Selection\n"; System.out.println(outputString); break; }//end of switch System.out.println(menu); System.out.print("\tEnter your selection: "); option = scan.nextInt(); }//end of while }//end of main public static void readFile() { int i = 0; temp = new Scanner(new File("CS1302_Data7_2010.txt")); while(temp.hasNext()) { list[i]= temp.nextInt(); i++; }//end of while temp.close(); System.out.println("File Found..."); }//end of readFile() public static void findKey() { while(found!=true) { while(key < 100 || key > 999) { System.out.println("Please enter the number you would like to search for? ie 350: "); key = scan.nextInt(); }//end of inside while //base if (low <= high) { mid = ((low+high)/2); if (key == list[mid]) { found = true; compareCount++; }//end of inside if }//end of outside if else if (key < list[mid]) { compareCount++; high = mid-1; findKey(list,low,high,key); }//end of else if else { compareCount++; low = mid+1; findKey(list,low,high,key); }//end of else }//end of outside while }//end of findKey() public static void printCount() { System.out.println("Total number of comparisons is: " + compareCount); }//end of printCount }//end of class

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• Getting count() of class static array

  - by xylar

  Is it possible to get the count of a class defined static array? For example: class Model_Example { const VALUE_1 = 1; const VALUE_2 = 2; const VALUE_3 = 3; public static $value_array = array( self::VALUE_1 => 'boing', self::VALUE_2 => 'boingboing', self::VALUE_3 => 'boingboingboing', ); public function countit() { // count number $total = count(self::$value_array ); echo ': '; die($total); } } At the moment calling the countit() method returns :

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• Cannot make a static reference to the non-static type MyRunnable

  - by kaiwii ho

  Here is the whole code : import java.util.ArrayList; public class Test{ ThreadLocal<ArrayList<E>>arraylist=new ThreadLocal<ArrayList<E>>(){ @Override protected ArrayList<E> initialValue() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub //return super.initialValue(); ArrayList<E>arraylist=new ArrayList<E>(); for(int i=0;i<=20;i++) arraylist.add((E) new Integer(i)); return arraylist; } }; class MyRunnable implements Runnable{ private Test mytest; public MyRunnable(Test test){ mytest=test; // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } @Override public void run() { System.out.println("before"+mytest.arraylist.toString()); ArrayList<E>myarraylist=(ArrayList<E>) mytest.arraylist.get(); myarraylist.add((E) new Double(Math.random())); mytest.arraylist.set(myarraylist); System.out.println("after"+mytest.arraylist.toString()); } // TODO Auto-generated method stub } public static void main(String[] args){ Test test=new Test<Double>(); System.out.println(test.arraylist.toString()); new Thread(new MyRunnable(test)).start(); new Thread(new MyRunnable(test)).start(); System.out.println(arraylist.toString()); } } my questions are: 1\ why the new Thread(new MyRunnable(test)).start(); cause the error: Cannot make a static reference to the non-static type MyRunnable ? 2\ what is the static reference refer to right here? thx in advanced

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• Most scalable way of serving a small set of static HTTP content

  - by Ekevoo

  The story: Hi guys. I'm among the people responsible for serving the results of the most anticipated (by number of people participating) annual entrance exam in my state. As such, when our results are published, the interest is overwhelming. In the past we delegated the responsibility of serving the results to the media, but that spoils a little the officialness of these results. This year we went with a little (long overdue) experiment of using lighttpd instead of Apache as well as other physical network optimizations I wasn't directly involved with. The results were very satisfactory. The server didn't choke even once, nor we saw any of the usual Twitter complaints on unavailability and/or slowness that were previously common. However, because we still delegated the first publication of the results to the media I'm still not 100% sure we can handle the load of actually publishing the results first. The question: Now because these files are like 14MB in total and a true lightweight Linux distribution isn't that big either, I'm thinking: what if next year we run full RAMdrive? Is there any? Is that useful? Is that worth it for a team that uses Debian almost exclusively? Are there other optimizations that I should be focusing on instead?

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• Linux, static lib referring to other static lib within an executable

  - by andras

  Hello, I am creating an application, which consists of two static libs and an executable. Let's call the two static libs: libusefulclass.a libcore.a And the application: myapp libcore instantiates and uses the class defined in libusefulclass (let's call it UsefulClass) Now, if I link the application in the following way: g++ -m64 -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/Trolltech/Qt-4.5.4/lib -o myapp src1.o src2.o srcN.o -lusefulclass -lcore The linker complains about the methods in libusefulclass not being found: undefined reference to `UsefulClass::foo()' etc. I found a workaround for this: If UsefulClass is also instantiated within the source files of the executable itself, the application is linked without any problems. My question is: is there a more clean way to make libcore refer to methods defined in libusefulclass, or static libs just cannot be linked against eachother? TIA P.S.: In case that matters: the application is being developed in C++ using Qt, but I feel this is not a Qt problem, but a library problem in general.

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• Building iPhone static library for armv6 and armv7 that includes another static library

  - by Martijn Thé

  Hi, I have an Xcode project that has a "master" static library target, that includes/links to a bunch of other static libraries from other Xcode projects. When building the master library target for "Optimized (armv6 armv7)", an error occurs in the last phase, during the CreateUniversalBinary step. For each .o file of the libraries that is included by the master library, the following error is reported (for example, the FBConnectGlobal.o file): warning for architecture: armv6 same member name (FBConnectGlobal.o) in output file used for input files: /Developer_Beta/Builds/MTToolbox/MTToolbox.build/Debug-iphoneos/MTToolbox.build/Objects-normal/armv6/libMTToolbox.a(FBConnectGlobal.o) and: /Developer_Beta/Builds/MTToolbox/MTToolbox.build/Debug-iphoneos/MTToolbox.build/Objects-normal/armv7/libMTToolbox.a(FBConnectGlobal.o) due to use of basename, truncation and blank padding In the end, Xcode tells that the build has succeeded. However, when using the final static library in an application project, it won't build because it finds duplicate symbols in one part of build (armv6) and misses symbols in the other part of the build (armv7). Any ideas how to fix this? M

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• Google Analytics setting cookies on static content despite being on entirely separate domain

  - by Donald Jenkins

  I recently decided to comply with the YSlow recommendation that static content is hosted on a cookieless domain. As I already use the root of my domain (donaldjenkins.com) to host my website—on which Google Analytics sets a few cookies—that meant I had to move the CNAME URL for the CDN serving the static files from cdn.donaldjenkins.com to an entirely separate, dedicated domain. I purchased cdn.dj (yes, it's a real Djibouti domain name), hosted the files on the root (which contains nothing else, other than a robots.txt file) and set a CNAME of e.cdn.dj for the CDN. This setup works, but I was rather surprised to find that YSlow was still flagging the static files for not being cookie-free: here's a screenshot: The cdn.djdomain was new, and was never used for anything other than hosting these static files. Running httpfox on the site shows the _utma and _utmz Google Analytics cookies are being set on the static files listed above—despite their being hosted on an entirely separate, dedicated domain. Here's my Google Analytics code: //Google Analytics tracking code var _gaq=[['_setAccount','UA-5245947-5'],['_trackPageview']]; (function(d,t){var g=d.createElement(t),s=d.getElementsByTagName(t)[0]; g.src=('https:'==location.protocol?'//ssl':'//www')+'.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s)}(document,'script')); // [END] Google Analytics tracking code I'm not obsessing about this issue—I know it's not really affecting server performance—but I'd like to just understand what is causing it not to go away...

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• Script + template to generate static web site?

  - by user702

  After giving it more thought, I don't actually need a PHP-based CMS for a small, static web site. Does someone know of a good solution that can run on Windows that would take basic HTML pages and JPG pictures, combine those with a template, and generate a static site ready to be FTPed to an web server? Thank you. Edit: For those looking for the same information, here's some well-known tools to create a static site: http://get-simple.info/ http://gpeasy.com/How_Easy http://textpattern.com/features http://nanoc.stoneship.org/ http://www.movabletype.com/

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• get static initialization block to run in a java without loading the class

  - by TP

  I have a few classes as shown here public class TrueFalseQuestion implements Question{ static{ QuestionFactory.registerType("TrueFalse", "Question"); } public TrueFalseQuestion(){} } ... public class QuestionFactory { static final HashMap<String, String > map = new HashMap<String,String>(); public static void registerType(String questionName, String ques ) { map.put(questionName, ques); } } public class FactoryTester { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(QuestionFactory.map.size()); // This prints 0. I want it to print 1 } } How can I change TrueFalseQuestion Type so that the static method is always run so that I get 1 instead of 0 when I run my main method? I do not want any change in the main method. I am actually trying to implement the factory patterns where the subclasses register with the factory but i have simplified the code for this question.

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• Call static properties within another class in php

  - by ali A

  I have problem about calling a static property of a class inside another class. Class A { public $property; public function __construct( $prop ) { $this->property = $prop; } public function returnValue(){ return static::$this->property; } } Class B extends A { public static $property_one = 'This is first property'; public static $property_two = 'This is second property'; } $B = new B( 'property_one' ); $B->returnValue(); I expect to return This is first property But the Output is just the name a parameter input in __construct; When I print_r( static::$this->property ); the output is just property_one

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• Java - Class type from inside static initialization block

  - by DutrowLLC

  Is it possible to get the class type from inside the static initialization block? This is a simplified version of what I currently have:: class Person extends SuperClass { String firstName; static{ // This function is on the "SuperClass": // I'd for this function to be able to get "Person.class" without me // having to explicitly type it in but "this.class" does not work in // a static context. doSomeReflectionStuff(Person.class); // IN "SuperClass" } } This is closer to what I am doing, which is to initialize a data structure that holds information about the object and its annotations, etc... Perhaps I am using the wrong pattern? public abstract SuperClass{ static void doSomeReflectionStuff( Class<?> classType, List<FieldData> fieldDataList ){ Field[] fields = classType.getDeclaredFields(); for( Field field : fields ){ // Initialize fieldDataList } } } public abstract class Person { @SomeAnnotation String firstName; // Holds information on each of the fields, I used a Map<String, FieldData> // in my actual implementation to map strings to the field information, but that // seemed a little wordy for this example static List<FieldData> fieldDataList = new List<FieldData>(); static{ // Again, it seems dangerous to have to type in the "Person.class" // (or Address.class, PhoneNumber.class, etc...) every time. // Ideally, I'd liken to eliminate all this code from the Sub class // since now I have to copy and paste it into each Sub class. doSomeReflectionStuff(Person.class, fieldDataList); } }

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• Optimizing processing and management of large Java data arrays

  - by mikera

  I'm writing some pretty CPU-intensive, concurrent numerical code that will process large amounts of data stored in Java arrays (e.g. lots of double[100000]s). Some of the algorithms might run millions of times over several days so getting maximum steady-state performance is a high priority. In essence, each algorithm is a Java object that has an method API something like: public double[] runMyAlgorithm(double[] inputData); or alternatively a reference could be passed to the array to store the output data: public runMyAlgorithm(double[] inputData, double[] outputData); Given this requirement, I'm trying to determine the optimal strategy for allocating / managing array space. Frequently the algorithms will need large amounts of temporary storage space. They will also take large arrays as input and create large arrays as output. Among the options I am considering are: Always allocate new arrays as local variables whenever they are needed (e.g. new double[100000]). Probably the simplest approach, but will produce a lot of garbage. Pre-allocate temporary arrays and store them as final fields in the algorithm object - big downside would be that this would mean that only one thread could run the algorithm at any one time. Keep pre-allocated temporary arrays in ThreadLocal storage, so that a thread can use a fixed amount of temporary array space whenever it needs it. ThreadLocal would be required since multiple threads will be running the same algorithm simultaneously. Pass around lots of arrays as parameters (including the temporary arrays for the algorithm to use). Not good since it will make the algorithm API extremely ugly if the caller has to be responsible for providing temporary array space.... Allocate extremely large arrays (e.g. double[10000000]) but also provide the algorithm with offsets into the array so that different threads will use a different area of the array independently. Will obviously require some code to manage the offsets and allocation of the array ranges. Any thoughts on which approach would be best (and why)?

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