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• How can I recover my data from a damaged hard drive?

  - by krk

  a few days ago when I was working on windows my laptop was beaten on the side where the hard drive is located. As a result, it was damaged and I couldn't access the windows partition. I had to boot the linux one, which is working without any trouble. I have 2 partition formatted with ntfs, the one with windows on it, and the other one intended to store data. I mounted the windows partition from ubuntu and I could see all my files. But when I tried to mount the data partition it was impossible. It threw me an error, it couldn't recognize ntfs partition. I try to copy the damaged disk into an external hard drive using the command: dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb conv=noerror,sync The progress stopped at 60%. I was still unable to mount the data partition. Now I'm trying to backup my files using an utility called Photorec. The problem is that it is recovering my files in a disorderly way, it is all mixed up and I need my original directory structure, it will become an endless task to organize the files as they were before. Is there any way I can get my partition back?

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• SQL SERVER – PAGEIOLATCH_DT, PAGEIOLATCH_EX, PAGEIOLATCH_KP, PAGEIOLATCH_SH, PAGEIOLATCH_UP – Wait Type – Day 9 of 28

  - by pinaldave

  It is very easy to say that you replace your hardware as that is not up to the mark. In reality, it is very difficult to implement. It is really hard to convince an infrastructure team to change any hardware because they are not performing at their best. I had a nightmare related to this issue in a deal with an infrastructure team as I suggested that they replace their faulty hardware. This is because they were initially not accepting the fact that it is the fault of their hardware. But it is really easy to say “Trust me, I am correct”, while it is equally important that you put some logical reasoning along with this statement. PAGEIOLATCH_XX is such a kind of those wait stats that we would directly like to blame on the underlying subsystem. Of course, most of the time, it is correct – the underlying subsystem is usually the problem. From Book On-Line: PAGEIOLATCH_DT Occurs when a task is waiting on a latch for a buffer that is in an I/O request. The latch request is in Destroy mode. Long waits may indicate problems with the disk subsystem. PAGEIOLATCH_EX Occurs when a task is waiting on a latch for a buffer that is in an I/O request. The latch request is in Exclusive mode. Long waits may indicate problems with the disk subsystem. PAGEIOLATCH_KP Occurs when a task is waiting on a latch for a buffer that is in an I/O request. The latch request is in Keep mode. Long waits may indicate problems with the disk subsystem. PAGEIOLATCH_SH Occurs when a task is waiting on a latch for a buffer that is in an I/O request. The latch request is in Shared mode. Long waits may indicate problems with the disk subsystem. PAGEIOLATCH_UP Occurs when a task is waiting on a latch for a buffer that is in an I/O request. The latch request is in Update mode. Long waits may indicate problems with the disk subsystem. PAGEIOLATCH_XX Explanation: Simply put, this particular wait type occurs when any of the tasks is waiting for data from the disk to move to the buffer cache. ReducingPAGEIOLATCH_XX wait: Just like any other wait type, this is again a very challenging and interesting subject to resolve. Here are a few things you can experiment on: Improve your IO subsystem speed (read the first paragraph of this article, if you have not read it, I repeat that it is easy to say a step like this than to actually implement or do it). This type of wait stats can also happen due to memory pressure or any other memory issues. Putting aside the issue of a faulty IO subsystem, this wait type warrants proper analysis of the memory counters. If due to any reasons, the memory is not optimal and unable to receive the IO data. This situation can create this kind of wait type. Proper placing of files is very important. We should check file system for the proper placement of files – LDF and MDF on separate drive, TempDB on separate drive, hot spot tables on separate filegroup (and on separate disk), etc. Check the File Statistics and see if there is higher IO Read and IO Write Stall SQL SERVER – Get File Statistics Using fn_virtualfilestats. It is very possible that there are no proper indexes on the system and there are lots of table scans and heap scans. Creating proper index can reduce the IO bandwidth considerably. If SQL Server can use appropriate cover index instead of clustered index, it can significantly reduce lots of CPU, Memory and IO (considering cover index has much lesser columns than cluster table and all other it depends conditions). You can refer to the two articles’ links below previously written by me that talk about how to optimize indexes. Create Missing Indexes Drop Unused Indexes Updating statistics can help the Query Optimizer to render optimal plan, which can only be either directly or indirectly. I have seen that updating statistics with full scan (again, if your database is huge and you cannot do this – never mind!) can provide optimal information to SQL Server optimizer leading to efficient plan. Checking Memory Related Perfmon Counters SQLServer: Memory Manager\Memory Grants Pending (Consistent higher value than 0-2) SQLServer: Memory Manager\Memory Grants Outstanding (Consistent higher value, Benchmark) SQLServer: Buffer Manager\Buffer Hit Cache Ratio (Higher is better, greater than 90% for usually smooth running system) SQLServer: Buffer Manager\Page Life Expectancy (Consistent lower value than 300 seconds) Memory: Available Mbytes (Information only) Memory: Page Faults/sec (Benchmark only) Memory: Pages/sec (Benchmark only) Checking Disk Related Perfmon Counters Average Disk sec/Read (Consistent higher value than 4-8 millisecond is not good) Average Disk sec/Write (Consistent higher value than 4-8 millisecond is not good) Average Disk Read/Write Queue Length (Consistent higher value than benchmark is not good) Note: The information presented here is from my experience and there is no way that I claim it to be accurate. I suggest reading Book OnLine for further clarification. All of the discussions of Wait Stats in this blog is generic and varies from system to system. It is recommended that you test this on a development server before implementing it to a production server. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL Wait Stats, SQL Wait Types, T SQL, Technology

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• Need help with testdisk output

  - by dan

  I had (note the past tense) an ubuntu 12.04 system with separate partitions for the base and /home directories. It started acting wonky, so I decided to do a reinstall with 12.10, intending just to do a reinstall to the base partition. After several seconds, I realize that the installer was repartitioning the drive and reinstalling, so I pulled the power cord. I'm now trying to recover as much as I can with testdisk, but it seems that testdisk is finding 100 unique partitions when I run it - they mostly tend to be HFS+ or solaris /home (which I think is just an ext4; I've never had solaris on the machine). I've pasted an abbreviated version of the testdisk output below (first ~100 lines, and then ~100 lines from the middle of the output). Is there a way to combine or recreate the partitions and then data recovery, or some other way maximize what I can recover (ideally as much of the file system as possible)? I really only care about what was in the /home directory - I'd rather not use photorec since I don't have another 2 TB HD lying around to recover to. Thanks, Dan Mon Dec 10 06:03:00 2012 Command line: TestDisk TestDisk 6.13, Data Recovery Utility, November 2011 Christophe GRENIER <[email protected]> http://www.cgsecurity.org OS: Linux, kernel 3.2.34-std312-amd64 (#2 SMP Sat Nov 17 08:06:32 UTC 2012) x86_64 Compiler: GCC 4.4 Compilation date: 2012-11-27T22:44:52 ext2fs lib: 1.42.6, ntfs lib: libntfs-3g, reiserfs lib: 0.3.1-rc8, ewf lib: none /dev/sda: LBA, HPA, LBA48, DCO support /dev/sda: size 3907029168 sectors /dev/sda: user_max 3907029168 sectors /dev/sda: native_max 3907029168 sectors Warning: can't get size for Disk /dev/mapper/control - 0 B - CHS 1 1 1, sector size=512 /dev/sr0 is not an ATA disk Hard disk list Disk /dev/sda - 2000 GB / 1863 GiB - CHS 243201 255 63, sector size=512 - WDC WD20EARS-00J2GB0, S/N:WD-WCAYY0075071, FW:80.00A80 Disk /dev/sdb - 1013 MB / 967 MiB - CHS 1014 32 61, sector size=512 - Generic Flash Disk, FW:8.07 Disk /dev/sr0 - 367 MB / 350 MiB - CHS 179470 1 1 (RO), sector size=2048 - PLDS DVD+/-RW DH-16AAS, FW:JD12 Partition table type (auto): Intel Disk /dev/sda - 2000 GB / 1863 GiB - WDC WD20EARS-00J2GB0 Partition table type: EFI GPT Analyse Disk /dev/sda - 2000 GB / 1863 GiB - CHS 243201 255 63 Current partition structure: Bad GPT partition, invalid signature. search_part() Disk /dev/sda - 2000 GB / 1863 GiB - CHS 243201 255 63 recover_EXT2: s_block_group_nr=0/14880, s_mnt_count=5/4294967295, s_blocks_per_group=32768, s_inodes_per_group=8192 recover_EXT2: s_blocksize=4096 recover_EXT2: s_blocks_count 487593984 recover_EXT2: part_size 3900751872 MS Data 2048 3900753919 3900751872 EXT4 Large file Sparse superblock, 1997 GB / 1860 GiB Linux Swap 3900755968 3907028975 6273008 SWAP2 version 1, 3211 MB / 3062 MiB Results P MS Data 2048 3900753919 3900751872 EXT4 Large file Sparse superblock, 1997 GB / 1860 GiB P Linux Swap 3900755968 3907028975 6273008 SWAP2 version 1, 3211 MB / 3062 MiB interface_write() 1 P MS Data 2048 3900753919 3900751872 2 P Linux Swap 3900755968 3907028975 6273008 search_part() Disk /dev/sda - 2000 GB / 1863 GiB - CHS 243201 255 63 recover_EXT2: s_block_group_nr=0/14880, s_mnt_count=5/4294967295, s_blocks_per_group=32768, s_inodes_per_group=8192 recover_EXT2: s_blocksize=4096 recover_EXT2: s_blocks_count 487593984 recover_EXT2: part_size 3900751872 MS Data 2048 3900753919 3900751872 EXT4 Large file Sparse superblock, 1997 GB / 1860 GiB block_group_nr 1 recover_EXT2: "e2fsck -b 32768 -B 4096 device" may be needed recover_EXT2: s_block_group_nr=1/14880, s_mnt_count=0/4294967295, s_blocks_per_group=32768, s_inodes_per_group=8192 recover_EXT2: s_blocksize=4096 recover_EXT2: s_blocks_count 487593984 recover_EXT2: part_size 3900751872 MS Data 2046 3900753917 3900751872 EXT4 Large file Sparse superblock Backup superblock, 1997 GB / 1860 GiB block_group_nr 1 recover_EXT2: "e2fsck -b 32768 -B 4096 device" may be needed recover_EXT2: s_block_group_nr=1/14880, s_mnt_count=0/4294967295, s_blocks_per_group=32768, s_inodes_per_group=8192 recover_EXT2: s_blocksize=4096 recover_EXT2: s_blocks_count 487593984 recover_EXT2: part_size 3900751872 MS Data 2048 3900753919 3900751872 EXT4 Large file Sparse superblock Backup superblock, 1997 GB / 1860 GiB block_group_nr 1 recover_EXT2: "e2fsck -b 32768 -B 4096 device" may be needed recover_EXT2: s_block_group_nr=1/14584, s_mnt_count=0/27, s_blocks_per_group=32768, s_inodes_per_group=8192 recover_EXT2: s_blocksize=4096 recover_EXT2: s_blocks_count 477915164 recover_EXT2: part_size 3823321312 MS Data 4094 3823325405 3823321312 EXT4 Large file Sparse superblock Backup superblock, 1957 GB / 1823 GiB block_group_nr 1 ....snip...... MS Data 2046 3900753917 3900751872 EXT4 Large file Sparse superblock Backup superblock, 1997 GB / 1860 GiB MS Data 2048 3900753919 3900751872 EXT4 Large file Sparse superblock, 1997 GB / 1860 GiB MS Data 4094 3823325405 3823321312 EXT4 Large file Sparse superblock Backup superblock, 1957 GB / 1823 GiB MS Data 4096 3823325407 3823321312 EXT4 Large file Sparse superblock Backup superblock, 1957 GB / 1823 GiB MS Data 7028840 7033383 4544 FAT12, 2326 KB / 2272 KiB Mac HFS 67856948 67862179 5232 HFS+ found using backup sector!, 2678 KB / 2616 KiB Mac HFS 67862176 67867407 5232 HFS+, 2678 KB / 2616 KiB Mac HFS 67862244 67867475 5232 HFS+ found using backup sector!, 2678 KB / 2616 KiB Mac HFS 67867404 67872635 5232 HFS+, 2678 KB / 2616 KiB Mac HFS 67867472 67872703 5232 HFS+, 2678 KB / 2616 KiB Mac HFS 67872700 67877931 5232 HFS+, 2678 KB / 2616 KiB Mac HFS 67937834 67948067 10234 [EasyInstall_OSX] HFS found using backup sector!, 5239 KB / 5117 KiB Mac HFS 67938012 67948155 10144 HFS+ found using backup sector!, 5193 KB / 5072 KiB Mac HFS 67948064 67958297 10234 [EasyInstall_OSX] HFS, 5239 KB / 5117 KiB Mac HFS 67948070 67958303 10234 [EasyInstall_OSX] HFS found using backup sector!, 5239 KB / 5117 KiB Mac HFS 67948152 67958295 10144 HFS+, 5193 KB / 5072 KiB Mac HFS 67958292 67968435 10144 HFS+, 5193 KB / 5072 KiB Mac HFS 67958300 67968533 10234 [EasyInstall_OSX] HFS, 5239 KB / 5117 KiB Mac HFS 67992596 67997827 5232 HFS+ found using backup sector!, 2678 KB / 2616 KiB Mac HFS 67997824 68003055 5232 HFS+, 2678 KB / 2616 KiB Mac HFS 67997892 68003123 5232 HFS+ found using backup sector!, 2678 KB / 2616 KiB Mac HFS 68003052 68008283 5232 HFS+, 2678 KB / 2616 KiB Mac HFS 68003120 68008351 5232 HFS+, 2678 KB / 2616 KiB Mac HFS 68008348 68013579 5232 HFS+, 2678 KB / 2616 KiB Solaris /home 84429840 123499141 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84429952 123499253 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84493136 123562437 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84493248 123562549 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84566088 123635389 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84566200 123635501 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84571232 123640533 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84571344 123640645 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84659952 123729253 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84660064 123729365 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84690504 123759805 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84690616 123759917 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84700424 123769725 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84700536 123769837 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84797720 123867021 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84797832 123867133 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84812544 123881845 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84812656 123881957 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84824552 123893853 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84824664 123893965 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84847528 123916829 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84847640 123916941 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84886840 123956141 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84886952 123956253 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84945488 124014789 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84945600 124014901 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84957992 124027293 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84958104 124027405 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84962240 124031541 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84962352 124031653 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84977168 124046469 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84977280 124046581 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB MS Data 174395467 178483851 4088385 ..... snip (it keeps going on for quite a while)

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• What is the best free program to burn DVD movies from DVD movie files that are present on the hard drive the way ImgBurn does it in Windows?

  - by cipricus

  Evaluating burning programs is difficult: it takes more time, while errors are very unpleasant. I have looked at AcetoneISO, Brasero, and K3B (which many recommend) but they seem more limited than Nero, CDBurnXP and especially ImgBurn from Windows. They all seem to work (did not tested them fully myself) but at a more basic level (create ISO, burn them, etc.). When it comes to something like creating a DVD movie disk from DVD movie files present on the hard drive, it seems to me that I would have to create the ISO first and then burn it, which involves using more hard drive space and more time. Looking in the Windows direction, there is a Nero for Linux. It costs money. ImgBurn is said to work well in Wine, but as yet I have not tested it enough. What other options are there?

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• Setup access to SAS RAID drives with NTFS partitions on CentOS Machine

  - by Quanano

  We have a Dell Poweredge 2900 system with Adaptec 39320A SCSI CONTROLLER CARD and 4 SAS hard drives attached, with NTFS partitions on them. We installed CentOS on the other raid array with a different controller and it is working fine. We are now trying to access the drives shown above and they are not being shown in /dev as sdb, etc. sda is the drive that we installed centos on and it has sda1, sda2, sda3, etc. The CDROM has been picked up as well. If I scan for scsi devices then the perc and adaptec controllers are both found. sg0 is the CDROM and sg2 is the centos installed, however I think sg1 is the other drive but I cannot see anyway to mount the partitions, as only the drive is listed in /dev. Thanks. EXTRA INFO fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 72.7 GB, 72746008576 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8844 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x11e3119f Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 64 8845 70528000 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/mapper/vg_lal2server-lv_root: 34.4 GB, 34431041536 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4186 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/vg_lal2server-lv_root doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/mapper/vg_lal2server-lv_swap: 21.1 GB, 21139292160 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2570 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/vg_lal2server-lv_swap doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/mapper/vg_lal2server-lv_home: 16.6 GB, 16647192576 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2023 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/vg_lal2server-lv_home doesn't contain a valid partition table These are all from the install hdd not the additional hard drives modprobe a320raid FATAL: Module a320raid not found. lsscsi -v [0:0:0:0] cd/dvd TSSTcorp CDRWDVD TS-H492C DE02 /dev/sr0 dir: /sys/bus/scsi/devices/0:0:0:0 [/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.1/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0] [4:0:10:0] enclosu DP BACKPLANE 1.05 - dir: /sys/bus/scsi/devices/4:0:10:0 [/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.0/0000:01:00.0/0000:02:0e.0/host4/target4:0:10/4:0:10:0] [4:2:0:0] disk DELL PERC 5/i 1.03 /dev/sda dir: /sys/bus/scsi/devices/4:2:0:0 [/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.0/0000:01:00.0/0000:02:0e.0/host4/target4:2:0/4:2:0:0] . lsmod Module Size Used by fuse 66285 0 des_generic 16604 0 ecb 2209 0 md4 3461 0 nls_utf8 1455 0 cifs 278370 0 autofs4 26888 4 ipt_REJECT 2383 0 ip6t_REJECT 4628 2 nf_conntrack_ipv6 8748 2 nf_defrag_ipv6 12182 1 nf_conntrack_ipv6 xt_state 1492 2 nf_conntrack 79453 2 nf_conntrack_ipv6,xt_state ip6table_filter 2889 1 ip6_tables 19458 1 ip6table_filter ipv6 322029 31 ip6t_REJECT,nf_conntrack_ipv6,nf_defrag_ipv6 bnx2 79618 0 ses 6859 0 enclosure 8395 1 ses dcdbas 9219 0 serio_raw 4818 0 sg 30124 0 iTCO_wdt 13662 0 iTCO_vendor_support 3088 1 iTCO_wdt i5000_edac 8867 0 edac_core 46773 3 i5000_edac i5k_amb 5105 0 shpchp 33482 0 ext4 364410 3 mbcache 8144 1 ext4 jbd2 88738 1 ext4 sd_mod 39488 3 crc_t10dif 1541 1 sd_mod sr_mod 16228 0 cdrom 39771 1 sr_mod megaraid_sas 77090 2 aic79xx 129492 0 scsi_transport_spi 26151 1 aic79xx pata_acpi 3701 0 ata_generic 3837 0 ata_piix 22846 0 radeon 1023359 1 ttm 70328 1 radeon drm_kms_helper 33236 1 radeon drm 230675 3 radeon,ttm,drm_kms_helper i2c_algo_bit 5762 1 radeon i2c_core 31276 4 radeon,drm_kms_helper,drm,i2c_algo_bit dm_mirror 14101 0 dm_region_hash 12170 1 dm_mirror dm_log 10122 2 dm_mirror,dm_region_hash dm_mod 81500 11 dm_mirror,dm_log

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• libvirt upgrade caused vms to not see drives (boot media not found)

  - by bias

  I upgraded to Ubuntu 12.04.1 and now libvirt (via open nebula) successfully runs vms but they aren't finding the 2 drives (specifically, the boot drive). One is "hd" the other is "cdrom". The machine boots but fails and displays something like "boot media not found hd" (this was in a vnc terminal and I didn't copy the output anywhere so that's not the verbatim message). I tried constructing a new disk using the new version of qemu (via vmbuilder) and this new machine has the same problem as the old machine. In case it matters (I can't see why it would) I'm using open nebula to manage the machines. There's nothing relevant in any of the logs: syslog, libvirtd, oned. Which is to say nothing interesting/anomalous is reported when the machine is brought up. Versions libvirt 0.9.8-2ubuntu17.4 qemu-kvm 1.0+noroms-0ubuntu14.3 The libvirt xml config portions (relavent) <os> <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-1.0'>hvm</type> <boot dev='hd'/> </os> ... <devices> <emulator>/usr/bin/kvm</emulator> <disk type='file' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/> <source file='/var/lib/one//203/images/disk.0'/> <target dev='sda' bus='scsi'/> <alias name='scsi0-0-0'/> <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' unit='0'/> </disk> <disk type='file' device='cdrom'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/> <source file='/var/lib/one//203/images/disk.1'/> <target dev='sdc' bus='scsi'/> <readonly/> <alias name='scsi0-0-2'/> <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' unit='2'/> </disk> <controller type='scsi' index='0'> <alias name='scsi0'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/> </controller> <memballoon model='virtio'> <alias name='balloon0'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/> </memballoon> ... </devices> The libvirt/qemu log contains 2012-11-25 22:19:24.328+0000: starting up LC_ALL=C PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/bin QEMU_AUDIO_DRV=none /usr/bin/kvm -S -M pc-1.0 -enable-kvm -m 256 -smp 1,sockets=1,cores=1,threads=1 -name one-204 -uuid 4be6c276-19e8-bdc2-e9c9-9ca5352f2be3 -nodefconfig -nodefaults -chardev socket,id=charmonitor,path=/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/one-204.monitor,server,nowait -mon chardev=charmonitor,id=monitor,mode=control -rtc base=utc -no-shutdown -device lsi,id=scsi0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x5 -drive file=/var/lib/one//204/images/disk.0,if=none,id=drive-scsi0-0-0,format=qcow2 -device scsi-disk,bus=scsi0.0,scsi-id=0,drive=drive-scsi0-0-0,id=scsi0-0-0,bootindex=1 -drive file=/var/lib/one//204/images/disk.1,if=none,media=cdrom,id=drive-scsi0-0-2,readonly=on,format=raw -device scsi-disk,bus=scsi0.0,scsi-id=2,drive=drive-scsi0-0-2,id=scsi0-0-2 -netdev tap,fd=18,id=hostnet0 -device rtl8139,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=02:00:c0:a8:00:68,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3 -netdev tap,fd=19,id=hostnet1 -device rtl8139,netdev=hostnet1,id=net1,mac=02:00:ad:f0:1b:94,bus=pci.0,addr=0x4 -usb -vnc 0.0.0.0:204 -vga cirrus -device virtio-balloon-pci,id=balloon0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x6 kvm: -device rtl8139,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=02:00:c0:a8:00:68,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3: pci_add_option_rom: failed to find romfile "pxe-rtl8139.rom" kvm: -device rtl8139,netdev=hostnet1,id=net1,mac=02:00:ad:f0:1b:94,bus=pci.0,addr=0x4: pci_add_option_rom: failed to find romfile "pxe-rtl8139.rom"

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• Why my hard disk can't boot from the BIOS?

  - by Mario

  I installed a new sata DVD burner. When I turned on the machine (windows 7) it didn't boot. It can boot from a lubuntu CD. There is an option on lubuntu to boot form the first hard disk. If I select it, the machine boots normally to windows 7. So from the CD I can boot but not from the BIOS. I checked all the options more than once: boot from HD, not boot from removable, boot from USB, boot from optical. The order of the boot sequence is HD then DVD. I tried booting only with the HD; I disconnected both DVDs. I even tried recovery of the MBR: bootsect, bootrec, fixmbr, buildbcd, nt60, etc. So, the question is, does this have a reason, what's the difference between booting from the BIOS (as I think) to from the DVD?. The BIOS is intel, it has BIOS codes on the right bottom corner, it stays at 5A for a while. 5A is "Resetting PATA/SATA bus and all devices".

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• copying an lvm partition to a smaller disk, and renaming volume groups.

  - by dlamblin

  I was trying to shrink a vmdk (VMWare disk image) file to be as small as possible, and found two recommendations. The first is to cat /dev/zero into the fs then delete it, and run VMWare tools' shrink. This works okay. The second is to copy everything into a new vmdk. I went the second route. I did not use dd because I actaully want to use as few blocks as possible, instead of having a block-by-clok copy. Any unlinked files will still have blocks that aren't zeroed out. Secondly the centos image was mostly lvm, except for the boot partition, and my target was going to be 4gb instead of 8gb. I did use dd for the first 40mb to get the boot blocks and partition copied. I then used parted to create an identical primary boot, and smaller primary lvm. Then I used pvcreate on that device sdb2, vgcreate, and lvcreate to create a root and swap. I used mkfs.ext3fs on the root partition and then rsync -av / /2root excluding /proc /sys /2root /dev. So far everything went fine. My problem is that: The result is 2.7 GB while the source was 2.1 GB. This is weird to me. The second vgroup is called VolGroup01, while the original was called VolGroup00. How can I rename the VolGroup01 to VolGroup00 and swap it out after all this?

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• Why do my backup fail when I target a network share hosted by a Synology DS211 disk station?

  - by Larry

  My backups are failing when I try to use a network share hosted by a Synology DS211 disk station. They work fine if I target a different network share (i.e. \server1\data\larry). When I run the following command: Wbadmin start backup -backupTarget:\\diskstation\backup-larry -include:C: This is what I get: wbadmin 1.0 - Backup command-line tool (C) Copyright 2004 Microsoft Corp. Note: The backed up data cannot be securely protected at this destination. Backups stored on a remote shared folder might be accessible by other people on the network. You should only save your backups to a location where you trust the other users who have access to the location or on a network that has additional security precautions in place. Retrieving volume information... This will back up volume WIN7(C:) to \\diskstation\backup-larry. Do you want to start the backup operation? [Y] Yes [N] No y Note: The list of volumes included for backup does not include all the volumes that contain operating system components. This backup cannot be used to perform a system recovery. However, you can recover other items if the destination media type supports it. The backup operation to \\diskstation\backup-larry is starting. Creating a shadow copy of the volumes specified for backup... Creating a shadow copy of the volumes specified for backup... The backup operation stopped before completing. Summary of the backup operation: ------------------ The backup operation stopped before completing. Detailed error: Access is denied. Windows Backup failed to write the file: '<backup location>\WindowsImageBackup\<Computer Name>\MediaId'. Access is denied. The backup creates the following path \\diskstation\backup-larry\WindowsImageBackup\LARRY-MYDOMAIN\ but its empty. I definitely have read/write access on the target directory (\diskstation\backup-larry). I have verified this by looking at the permission and by actually copying files to this location. Any suggestions?

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• All of the NTFS hard links disappear, where are hardlinks stored on disk and how to recover them?

  - by Osiris

  This is Windows 7 x64 sp1 on a NTFS file system. All hardlinks within C:\Windows\System32 folder disappear, and the Windows can't boot, because even the osloader, C:\Windows\System32\boot\Winload.exe also disappeared. Nevertheless, the original files are still located in the corresponding C:\Windows\winsxs folders. After booting into the Recovery Environment, and copied one Winload.exe (x64) from other folder, Windows gave an error pointing out that "ntoskrnl.exe is corrupted or missing...its file digital signature cannot be verified" In trying to boot in Safe Mode, the message above was shown after a screen prompting "Loaded \Windows\system32\config\system" Because at this early booting stage, smss.exe was still not loaded, so there is not any dumping and logs. Based on my study, ntoskrnl.exe depends on the following files: C:\\windows\\system32\\PSHED.DLL C:\\Windows\\System32\\hal.dll C:\\Windows\\System32\\kdcom.dll C:\\Windows\\System32\\clfs.sys C:\\Windows\\System32\\ci.dll All those files above are copied from their corresponding folders and verified their md5 with a well-operating Windows 7 x64 SP1. But the booting error is still the same: "ntoskrnl.exe is corrupted or missing..." **Background:** Before the reboot, there was an windows update going on. Then something unknown happen, almost all processes were broken to run, including the windows task manager, taskmgr.exe. After mount the hard disk to other computer, it seems that all hardlinks within C:\Windows\System32 folder were gone. I tried several data recovery software, but they are not be able to find those disappeared NTFS hard links. So the question is: Where are information about those hard links stored? And how to recover them? Are they depend on some windows service or stored in the registry?

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• Why does lighttpd keep static files in cache, even when modified on disk ?

  - by Pixelastic

  I am using lighttpd to serve static files. I have a bunch of images in a dir that I regularly update. This will change the file content (and filesize) as well as the modification date, but not their filename. When I access the files through http, the updates are not taken into account and lighty serves the old file. I can manually rename the file to something different, then lighttpd will return a 404 error, and if I rename my file back, I will get the correct updated version. Seems like lightty is using some kind of cache mechanism of its own (which is fine) to return static files. Unfortunatly, it seems that this mechanism doesn't update itself when files are modified. I checked through Wireshark, and my browser is really doing a request to the file, this is not a browser caching issue. It returns a 200 OK when requesting it from an empty cache, and a 304 Not Modified otherwise, as expected. But the file is returned with a wrong Last-Modified header that do not reflect the real last modification date. Maybe there is some config directive that I am not aware of ? I would like the files returned by lighty to reflect the changes made on disk directly, or at least being able to invalidate its cache.

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• How do I prevent lighttpd from caching static files, even when modified on disk?

  - by Pixelastic

  I am using lighttpd to serve static files. I have a bunch of images in a dir that I regularly update. This will change the file content (and filesize) as well as the modification date, but not their filename. When I access the files through http, the updates are not taken into account and lighty serves the old file. I can manually rename the file to something different, then lighttpd will return a 404 error, and if I rename my file back, I will get the correct updated version. Seems like lightty is using some kind of cache mechanism of its own (which is fine) to return static files. Unfortunatly, it seems that this mechanism doesn't update itself when files are modified. I checked through Wireshark, and my browser is really doing a request to the file, this is not a browser caching issue. It returns a 200 OK when requesting it from an empty cache, and a 304 Not Modified otherwise, as expected. But the file is returned with a wrong Last-Modified header that do not reflect the real last modification date. Maybe there is some config directive that I am not aware of ? I would like the files returned by lighty to reflect the changes made on disk directly, or at least being able to invalidate its cache.

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• Which file system to use for portable hard drive shared among different operating systems?

  - by Jonathon Watney

  Something similar has been asked already but my criteria is a little different. I need to share a portable hard drive (USB/Firewire) between Mac OSX, Linux and Windows XP systems where the files being shared are sometimes 4GB. Is there a file system that is available out of the box on all these operating systems that support this and allows read/write access? If not, what's the next best solution in terms of installing additional software on these operating systems?

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• Grub rescue: unknown filesystem erro while booting from USB

  - by Dilip Kumar

  I'm currently using ubuntu 12.04 which has grub2 and wanted to install windows 8 from my USB, i also created a bootable usb flash drive using windows 7 dvd download tool, the problem is - I formatted my hard drive and whenever i try to boot from the flash drive i get an error "error: unknown filesystem" and gives grub rescue prompt, since my dvd drive is not working the only way for me to install win8 is from USB,can anybody help me with this?

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• VMWare-Mount not recognizing virtual disks

  - by user36175

  I have two disks as .vmdk files, and four as .vdi files. I can boot virtual machines on them with Sun xMV VirtualBox, and they work just fine. However, I want to mount them on my local computer so I can read some files off of them without starting a virtual machine. I downloaded the vmware-mount utility, but I get this error, even when mounting .vmdk files, which should be VMWare images... Unable to mount the virtual disk. The disk may be in use by a virtual machine, may not have enough volumes or mounted under another drive letter. If not, verify that the file is a valid virtual disk file. Thinking it's a problem with the utility, I downloaded the SDK and made my own simple program in C to try to mount a disk. It just initializes the API, connects to it, then attempts to open the disk. I get this error, once again claiming it is not a virtual disk: **LOG: DISKLIB-DSCPTR: descriptor above max size: I64u **LOG: DISKLIB-LINK : "f:\programming\VMs\windowstrash.vdi" : failed to open (The file specified is not a virtual disk). **LOG: DISKLIB-CHAIN : "f:\programming\VMs\windowstrash.vdi" : failed to open (The file specified is not a virtual disk). **LOG: DISKLIB-LIB : Failed to open 'f:\programming\VMs\windowstrash.vdi' with flags 0x1e (The file specified is not a virtual disk). ** FAILURE ** : The file specified is not a virtual disk The files are clearly virtual disks, though, since I can actually mount and use them with a virtual machine. I tried detaching them from any VMs and trying again, but I got the same results. Any ideas? Maybe the "descriptor above max size" is a hint? Some more info: the .vmdk disks were created on other computers. I just copied them to mine and created new VMs around them, but they work fine. All the .vdi files were created on my machine. Not sure if that affects anything. Update: WinMount can mount the file.. so the problem seems to be with vmware-mount.

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• Can an SATA hard drive image be restored onto an SSD?

  - by Bryan Parker

  I'm currently using an SATA hard drive on my primary dev machine, but planning to upgrade to an SSD at some point soon. I use TrueImage on a regular basis to make backups, and to upgrade my harddrive without reinstalling everything. Will I be able to restore and boot onto an SSD? Will there be a performance hit or other issues to watch out for?

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• Cannot run a VM with more than three network interfaces with KVM

  - by Bostonvaulter

  I'm running KVM on top of Ubuntu 10.10 Server I can create VM's (Virtual Machine) and network interfaces fine but I cannot seem to add more than three network interfaces. As soon as I have a VM with four network interfaces it gets stuck on startup at the starting SeaBIOS page with this message: Starting SeaBIOS (version pre-0.6.1-20100702_143500-palmer) So far I've verified this with two VM's, a Ubuntu 10.10 desktop and a Vyatta router. The specific network hardware I assign to the VM's doesn't seem to matter. I'm trying to have one bridged interface and three private networks using Vyatta to route between them. Does anyone know why I can't run a VM with more than three network interfaces? Edit: Additionally the KVM thread responsible for the specific VM hangs using ~100% CPU (i.e. one core). Here's the command for the process that is hanging: /usr/bin/kvm -S -M pc-0.12 -enable-kvm -m 512 -smp 1,sockets=1,cores=1,threads=1 -name vyatta -uuid 6dff7c94-6810-423e-5fea-fec10da0e9b7 -nodefaults -chardev socket,id=monitor,path=/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/vyatta.monitor,server,nowait -mon chardev=monitor,mode=readline -rtc base=utc -boot c -drive file=/home/rams/virtual-machines/vyatta.img,if=none,id=drive-ide0-0-0,boot=on,format=raw -device ide-drive,bus=ide.0,unit=0,drive=drive-ide0-0-0,id=ide0-0-0 -drive if=none,media=cdrom,id=drive-ide0-1-0,readonly=on,format=raw -device ide-drive,bus=ide.1,unit=0,drive=drive-ide0-1-0,id=ide0-1-0 -device rtl8139,vlan=0,id=net0,mac=00:54:00:be:cc:4b,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3 -net tap,fd=97,vlan=0,name=hostnet0 -device rtl8139,vlan=1,id=net1,mac=52:54:00:da:59:ed,bus=pci.0,addr=0x5 -net tap,fd=98,vlan=1,name=hostnet1 -device rtl8139,vlan=2,id=net2,mac=52:54:00:ce:22:b6,bus=pci.0,addr=0x6 -net tap,fd=99,vlan=2,name=hostnet2 -device rtl8139,vlan=3,id=net3,mac=52:54:00:1e:bc:46,bus=pci.0,addr=0x7 -net tap,fd=101,vlan=3,name=hostnet3 -chardev pty,id=serial0 -device isa-serial,chardev=serial0 -usb -vnc 127.0.0.1:0 -k en-us -vga cirrus -device virtio-balloon-pci,id=balloon0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x4 Edit: I've also found an error in dmesg that might be related (it also shows up when running virtd in verbose mode): 14:47:24.399: warning : qemudParsePCIDeviceStrs:1422 : Unexpected exit status '1', qemu probably failed I've also tried disabling app armor but that doesn't seem to make a difference.

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• mint linux, DVD drive keeps randomly being accessed. unsure how to find culprit

  - by juicebox

  I have a workstation with mint linux 12. It seems like the DVD drive on the machine keeps randomly "activating". By activating it makes noise, the light turns on, and it seems like it is checking if a disk is in it. At first I thought I was being hacked and someone/something was trying to check if I had media in the DVDRom drive. I ruled that out with netstat and rkhunter. I checked my logs and the only thing I can find that might help point out the problem are these repeated chunks in syslog: Mar 24 17:47:31 rich-MINT kernel: [ 9846.551422] ata2.00: cmd a0/00:00:00:08:00/00:00:00:00:00/a0 tag 0 pio 16392 in Mar 24 17:47:31 rich-MINT kernel: [ 9846.551424] res 51/40:01:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/a0 Emask 0x10 (ATA bus error) Mar 24 17:47:31 rich-MINT kernel: [ 9846.551427] ata2.00: status: { DRDY ERR } Mar 24 17:47:31 rich-MINT kernel: [ 9846.551433] ata2.00: hard resetting link Mar 24 17:47:32 rich-MINT kernel: [ 9846.868012] ata2.01: hard resetting link Mar 24 17:47:32 rich-MINT kernel: [ 9847.344054] ata2.00: SATA link up 1.5 Gbps (SStatus 113 SControl 310) Mar 24 17:47:32 rich-MINT kernel: [ 9847.344067] ata2.01: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300) Mar 24 17:47:32 rich-MINT kernel: [ 9847.376118] ata2.00: configured for PIO0 Mar 24 17:47:32 rich-MINT kernel: [ 9847.393047] ata2.01: configured for UDMA/133 Mar 24 17:47:32 rich-MINT kernel: [ 9847.397046] ata2: EH complete and again Mar 24 17:55:28 rich-MINT kernel: [10323.633268] sr 1:0:0:0: ioctl_internal_command return code = 8000002 Mar 24 17:55:28 rich-MINT kernel: [10323.633270] : Sense Key : Aborted Command [current] [descriptor] Mar 24 17:55:28 rich-MINT kernel: [10323.633275] : Add. Sense: No additional sense information Mar 24 17:55:11 rich-MINT kernel: [10306.640009] ata2.00: link is slow to respond, please be patient (ready=0) Mar 24 17:55:16 rich-MINT kernel: [10310.840009] ata2.00: SRST failed (errno=-16) Mar 24 17:55:16 rich-MINT kernel: [10310.840016] ata2.00: hard resetting link Mar 24 17:55:16 rich-MINT kernel: [10311.160013] ata2.01: hard resetting link Mar 24 17:55:16 rich-MINT kernel: [10311.636061] ata2.00: SATA link up 1.5 Gbps (SStatus 113 SControl 310) Mar 24 17:55:16 rich-MINT kernel: [10311.636075] ata2.01: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300) Mar 24 17:55:16 rich-MINT kernel: [10311.668122] ata2.00: configured for PIO0 Mar 24 17:55:16 rich-MINT kernel: [10311.684854] ata2.01: configured for UDMA/133 Mar 24 17:55:17 rich-MINT kernel: [10312.105473] ata2: EH complete (Copied from Pastebin - http://pastebin.com/YNDrnyzH) If any linux masters could take a quick look at these log outputs and help me understand what is going on , much appreciated.

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• libvirt qemu/kvm migration problem

  - by Panda

  I am using kvm and libvirt on my Dell server. Now i am trying to migrate one virtual machine from a physical server to another. However, I failed everytime. In virsh on physicalServer1, I typed: virsh # migrate virtualmachine1 qemu+ssh://username@physicalServer2/system error: operation failed: migration to 'tcp:physicalServer2:49163' failed: migration failed Then I searched FAQ part on libvirt.org. It says: error: operation failed: migration to '...' failed: migration failed This is an error often encountered when trying to migrate with QEMU/KVM. This typically happens with plain migration, when the source VM cannot connect to the destination host. You will want to make sure your hosts are properly configured for migration (see the migration section of this FAQ) I managed to ssh physicalServer2 from a shell on virtualmachine1 so the above red part did not explain my failure. I also open ports on physicalServer2, iptables -L shows following information: Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT udp -- anywhere anywhere udp dpt:domain ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:domain ACCEPT udp -- anywhere anywhere udp dpt:bootps ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:bootps ACCEPT udp -- anywhere anywhere udp dpt:domain ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:domain ACCEPT udp -- anywhere anywhere udp dpt:bootps ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:bootps ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere state NEW tcp dpts:49152:49215 Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT all -- anywhere 192.168.122.0/24 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED ACCEPT all -- 192.168.122.0/24 anywhere ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere REJECT all -- anywhere anywhere reject-with icmp-port-unreachable REJECT all -- anywhere anywhere reject-with icmp-port-unreachable ACCEPT all -- anywhere 192.168.122.0/24 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED ACCEPT all -- 192.168.122.0/24 anywhere ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere REJECT all -- anywhere anywhere reject-with icmp-port-unreachable REJECT all -- anywhere anywhere reject-with icmp-port-unreachable Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination The /var/log/libvirt/qemu/virtualmachine1.log on physicalServer2: 2011-05-06 13:37:30.708: starting up LC_ALL=C PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/bin QEMU_AUDIO_DRV=none /usr/bin/kvm -S -M pc-0.14 -enable-kvm -m 2048 -smp 1,sockets=1,cores=1,threads=1 -name openjudge-test -uuid a8c704bc-a4f9-90db-3e57-40e60b00aac1 -nodefconfig -nodefaults -chardev socket,id=charmonitor,path=/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/virtualmachine1.monitor,server,nowait -mon chardev=charmonitor,id=monitor,mode=readline -rtc base=utc -boot c -drive file=/media/nfs/virtualmachine1.img,if=none,id=drive-ide0-0-0,format=raw -device ide-drive,bus=ide.0,unit=0,drive=drive-ide0-0-0,id=ide0-0-0 -drive if=none,media=cdrom,id=drive-ide0-1-0,readonly=on,format=raw -device ide-drive,bus=ide.1,unit=0,drive=drive-ide0-1-0,id=ide0-1-0 -netdev tap,fd=20,id=hostnet0 -device rtl8139,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=00:16:36:8a:22 :a0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3 -chardev pty,id=charserial0 -device isa-serial,chardev=charserial0,id=serial0 -usb -vnc 127.0.0.1:2 -vga cirrus -incoming tcp:0.0.0.0:49163 -device virtio-balloon-pci,id=balloon0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x4 char device redirected to /dev/pts/0 2011-05-06 13:37:30.915: shutting down The /var/log/libvirt/qemu/virtualmachine1.log on physicalServer1 is empty. Both physical servers are using Ubuntu 11.04. The libvirt and kvm used are installed by apt-get. The libvirt version is 0.8.8.

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• can Dell netbooks with HDTV tuner drive HDMI output to 1920 x 1080 HDTV, and does any other brand of

  - by Jian Lin

  It has been a while that Dell netbook offered an internal HDTV tuner, and it always seem like Dell is the only one that has an internal HDTV tuner? And actually, does anyone have experience with it, since the processor is very basic, can it handle smooth HDTV on screen full size, and especially for the Dell mini 1010, it can output to HDMI, so can it drive an HDTV that is 1920 x 1080? thanks.

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• howto plan RAID for ESX

  - by maruti

  eight 300GB SAS drives are available. Can ESX be put on one disk as RAID-0 and others as RAID-5 ? so that in the event of disk failure data (VMs) are safe. if os disk RAID-0 fails could that be installed on replacement disk and still be able to keep VMs running? if not RAID-1 for OS is only option for OS disk? please suggest any other RAID options.

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• SAS Expanders vs Direct Attached (SAS)?

  - by jemmille

  I have a storage unit with 2 backplanes. One backplane holds 24 disks, one backplane holds 12 disks. Each backplane is independently connected to a SFF-8087 port (4 channel/12Gbit) to the raid card. Here is where my question really comes in. Can or how easily can a backplane be overloaded? All the disks in the machine are WD RE4 WD1003FBYX (black) drives that have average writes at 115MB/sec and average read of 125 MB/sec I know things would vary based on the raid or filesystem we put on top of that but it seems to be that a 24 disk backplane with only one SFF-8087 connector should be able to overload the bus to a point that might actually slow it down? Based on my math, if I had a RAID0 across all 24 disks and asked for a large file, I should, in theory should get 24*115 MB/sec wich translates to 22.08 GBit/sec of total throughput. Either I'm confused or this backplane is horribly designed, at least in a perfomance environment. I'm looking at switching to a model where each drive has it's own channel from the backplane (and new HBA's or raid card). EDIT: more details We have used both pure linux (centos), open solaris, software raid, hardware raid, EXT3/4, ZFS. Here are some examples using bonnie++ 4 Disk RAID-0, ZFS WRITE CPU RE-WRITE CPU READ CPU RND-SEEKS 194MB/s 19% 92MB/s 11% 200MB/s 8% 310/sec 194MB/s 19% 93MB/s 11% 201MB/s 8% 312/sec --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- 389MB/s 19% 186MB/s 11% 402MB/s 8% 311/sec 8 Disk RAID-0, ZFS WRITE CPU RE-WRITE CPU READ CPU RND-SEEKS 324MB/s 32% 164MB/s 19% 346MB/s 13% 466/sec 324MB/s 32% 164MB/s 19% 348MB/s 14% 465/sec --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- 648MB/s 32% 328MB/s 19% 694MB/s 13% 465/sec 12 Disk RAID-0, ZFS WRITE CPU RE-WRITE CPU READ CPU RND-SEEKS 377MB/s 38% 191MB/s 22% 429MB/s 17% 537/sec 376MB/s 38% 191MB/s 22% 427MB/s 17% 546/sec --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- 753MB/s 38% 382MB/s 22% 857MB/s 17% 541/sec Now 16 Disk RAID-0, it's gets interesting WRITE CPU RE-WRITE CPU READ CPU RND-SEEKS 359MB/s 34% 186MB/s 22% 407MB/s 18% 1397/sec 358MB/s 33% 186MB/s 22% 407MB/s 18% 1340/sec --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- 717MB/s 33% 373MB/s 22% 814MB/s 18% 1368/sec 20 Disk RAID-0, ZFS WRITE CPU RE-WRITE CPU READ CPU RND-SEEKS 371MB/s 37% 188MB/s 22% 450MB/s 19% 775/sec 370MB/s 37% 188MB/s 22% 447MB/s 19% 797/sec --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- 741MB/s 37% 376MB/s 22% 898MB/s 19% 786/sec 24 Disk RAID-1, ZFS WRITE CPU RE-WRITE CPU READ CPU RND-SEEKS 347MB/s 34% 193MB/s 22% 447MB/s 19% 907/sec 347MB/s 34% 192MB/s 23% 446MB/s 19% 933/sec --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- 694MB/s 34% 386MB/s 22% 894MB/s 19% 920/sec 28 Disk RAID-0, ZFS 32 Disk RAID-0, ZFS 36 Disk RAID-0, ZFS More details: Here is the exact unit: http://www.supermicro.com/products/chassis/4U/847/SC847E1-R1400U.cfm

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• Can an SATA hard drive image be restored onto an SSD?

  - by Bryan Parker

  I'm currently using an SATA hard drive on my primary dev machine, but planning to upgrade to an SSD at some point soon. I use TrueImage on a regular basis to make backups, and to upgrade my harddrive without reinstalling everything. Will I be able to restore and boot onto an SSD? Will there be a performance hit or other issues to watch out for?

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• How can videos from Ubuntu drive appear on web page and play in an embedded Flash Player?

  - by nLinked

  I have a shared folder on Ubuntu Server 12.04. Users drop videos in. Ubuntu runs a Cron task to convert them to FLV format and put them into another folder. All I would like is a simple web page that displays all the files in that folder as links, and when you click on the link for the video you want to play, it should play in the same web page inside an embedded Flash/SWF player. Sounds really basic but I'm actually struggling to find a simple solution. Any thoughts appreciated!

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• How can I burn a .bin file to a flash drive and a floppy?

  - by Alon

  Hi I'm looking for a small free utility without UI for burning a .bin file to a flash drive. I need floppy support too but I don't care to use another tool for that (again, no UI). Any ideas? Thanks.

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