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• NFS: Server says "authenticated mount request", but client sees "access denied"

  - by zigdon

  I have two machine, an NFS server (RHEL) and a client (Debian). The server has NFS set up, exporting a particular directory: server:~$ sudo /usr/sbin/rpcinfo -p localhost program vers proto port 100000 2 tcp 111 portmapper 100000 2 udp 111 portmapper 100024 1 udp 910 status 100024 1 tcp 913 status 100021 1 udp 53391 nlockmgr 100021 3 udp 53391 nlockmgr 100021 4 udp 53391 nlockmgr 100021 1 tcp 32774 nlockmgr 100021 3 tcp 32774 nlockmgr 100021 4 tcp 32774 nlockmgr 100007 2 udp 830 ypbind 100007 1 udp 830 ypbind 100007 2 tcp 833 ypbind 100007 1 tcp 833 ypbind 100011 1 udp 999 rquotad 100011 2 udp 999 rquotad 100011 1 tcp 1002 rquotad 100011 2 tcp 1002 rquotad 100003 2 udp 2049 nfs 100003 3 udp 2049 nfs 100003 4 udp 2049 nfs 100003 2 tcp 2049 nfs 100003 3 tcp 2049 nfs 100003 4 tcp 2049 nfs 100005 1 udp 1013 mountd 100005 1 tcp 1016 mountd 100005 2 udp 1013 mountd 100005 2 tcp 1016 mountd 100005 3 udp 1013 mountd 100005 3 tcp 1016 mountd server$ cat /etc/exports /dir *.my.domain.com(ro) client$ grep dir /etc/fstab server.my.domain.com:/dir /dir nfs tcp,soft,bg,noauto,ro 0 0 All seems well, but when I try to mount, I see the following: client$ sudo mount /dir mount.nfs: access denied by server while mounting server.my.domain.com:/dir And on the server I see: server$ tail /var/log/messages Mar 15 13:46:23 server mountd[413]: authenticated mount request from client.my.domain.com:723 for /dir (/dir) What am I missing here? How should I be debugging this?

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• ubuntu VM not detecting CDdrives

  - by Mirage

  Ihave insatlled ubuntu 10.4 on my compuer with 6 cd drives. Now initiallyi had window server 2008 and i had to install marvel raid sata controller and then my window detected all 6 drives. Now ubuntu is detecting only 3 drives and i have not found marvell drivers for ubuntu bt i have drives for window 2008. Now my question is if i have vrtual machine inside ubuntu using vmware workstation and i install that driver. then can VM dtect thse 6 drives or host has to detect those drives first to make VMs use that Ubuntu shows this thing from terminal *-cdrom:0 description: DVD-RAM writer product: DVDRAM GSA-H10N vendor: HL-DT-ST physical id: 0.0.0 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0 logical name: /dev/cdrom2 logical name: /dev/cdrw2 logical name: /dev/dvd2 logical name: /dev/dvdrw2 logical name: /dev/scd0 logical name: /dev/sr0 version: JL10 capabilities: removable audio cd-r cd-rw dvd dvd-r dvd-ram configuration: ansiversion=5 status=nodisc *-cdrom:1 description: DVD writer product: DVDRRW GWA-4164B vendor: HL-DT-ST physical id: 0.1.0 bus info: scsi@0:0.1.0 logical name: /dev/cdrom logical name: /dev/cdrw logical name: /dev/dvd logical name: /dev/dvdrw logical name: /dev/scd1 logical name: /dev/sr1 version: 1.01 serial: [HL-DT-STDVDRRW GWA-4164B1.0105/05/12 capabilities: removable audio cd-r cd-rw dvd dvd-r configuration: ansiversion=5 status=nodisc Is t detecting all drives or thise local names just same

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• mount.nfs: access denied by server while mounting (Kerberos authentication)

  - by Nick

  There's plenty of references to this error on Goggle, and even a question here with the same title, but it seems that "access denied by server while mounting" is a catch-all error. I've tried suggestions that others have used to fix this problem, but they did not work in my case. I'm trying to set-up a Kerberos-based NFS file server with shared homes for a Linux network. I'm using Ubuntu 11.04 Servers and clients. When trying to mount a share using: mount 192.168.1.115:/export/home/ /media/tmp I get: mount.nfs: access denied by server while mounting 192.168.1.115:/export/home/ This is the same if I mount it from a client machine or from the server itself. On the server, in /var/log/syslog I get: Aug 25 06:22:37 nfs mountd[1580]: authenticated mount request from 192.168.1.115:835 for /export/home (/export/home) Aug 25 06:22:37 nfs mountd[1580]: authenticated unmount request from 192.168.1.115:766 for /export/home (/export/home) Which is odd, since it says it's authenticated the request, not denying it. /etc/exports: /export *(rw,fsid=0,crossmnt,insecure,async,no_subtree_check,sec=krb5p:krb5i:krb5) /export/home *(rw,insecure,async,no_subtree_check,sec=krb5p:krb5i:krb5) On client: me@dt1:/$ rpcinfo -p 192.168.1.115 program vers proto port 100000 2 tcp 111 portmapper 100024 1 udp 37320 status 100024 1 tcp 48460 status 100003 2 tcp 2049 nfs 100003 3 tcp 2049 nfs 100003 4 tcp 2049 nfs 100227 2 tcp 2049 100227 3 tcp 2049 100003 2 udp 2049 nfs 100003 3 udp 2049 nfs 100003 4 udp 2049 nfs 100227 2 udp 2049 100227 3 udp 2049 100021 1 udp 58625 nlockmgr 100021 3 udp 58625 nlockmgr 100021 4 udp 58625 nlockmgr 100021 1 tcp 49616 nlockmgr 100021 3 tcp 49616 nlockmgr 100021 4 tcp 49616 nlockmgr 100005 1 udp 45627 mountd 100005 1 tcp 60265 mountd 100005 2 udp 45627 mountd 100005 2 tcp 60265 mountd 100005 3 udp 45627 mountd 100005 3 tcp 60265 mountd Any suggestions I could try?

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• Samba share will not connect (was working yesterday)

  - by David Gard

  I have a CentOS websver with a Samba share set up (\\webserver\websites). I was connected to this share just yesterday without issue, but today my Windows 8 PC will not connect to it. I've also tried making a connection from Windows 7 and Windows XP, all without success. I initially tried restarting my computer, but that did not work. I then tried restarting the Samba service on the webserver (service smb restart), and when that failed I restarted the webserver. All of that was to no avail, and I still cannot connect to the share. The webserver is contactable from my PC (and the others I tried), as the websites it hosts work fine and I'm able to Putty to the server. When connected to the webserver, I can see that Samba is running by using service smb status - service smb status smbd (pid 4685) is running... nmbd (pid 4688) is running... Can anyone please help me to get this share working? Here is my full Samba config (/etc/samba/smb.conf) - [global] workgroup = MYGROUP server string = Samba Server %v log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m max log size = 50 security = user encrypt passwords = yes socket options = TCP_NODELAY SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192 local master = no [websites] comment = Websites browseable = yes writable = yes path=/var/www/html/ valid users = dgard

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• SQL 2008 R2 replication error: The process could not connect to Distributor

  - by Lance Lefebure

  I have two servers running SQL 2008 R2 Standard, each with an instance named "MAIN". I have a small test database on my primary server (one table, 13 rows) that I want to replicate to a second server as a proof-of-concept for some larger databases that I want to replicate. I set up the primary server to be a publisher and distributor, and set the database to do transactional replication. I copied the data to the second server via a backup/restore, not via a snapshot (which I'll have to do with the larger databases due to database size and limited bandwidth). I followed the instructions here: http://gnawgnu.blogspot.com/2009/11/sql-2008-transactional-replication-and.html Now on the subscriber, I go under Replication / Local Subscriptions / Right click / Properties on my subscription to the DB. The status of the last synchronization shows a status of: "The process could not connect to Distributor 'PRIMARYSERVER\MAIN'." Data IS replicating from the primary to the secondary. Any record I add on the primary shows up on the secondary server within seconds. Is the Distributor part of the Snapshot system that I'm not using, or is it part of the transaction replication stuff? Thanks, Lance

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• Cronjob not Running

  - by Pete Herbert Penito

  I have a bash script that looks like this: #!/bin/sh PID=`ps faux | grep libt | awk 'NR==2{print $2}'` STATUS=`ps faux | grep libt | awk 'NR==2{print $1}'` if [ "$STATUS" = "ec2-user" ]; then echo "libt already killed" else sudo kill $PID echo "libt was killed" fi sleep 5 cd /home/ec2-user/libt sudo ./libt I have saved this file as restart.sh and when I run it like ./restart.sh, it does what its supposed to (kills the libt process and restarts it). However, now I am trying to automate the process by using cron. So I made a cron job that I want to run every 6 hours that looks like this 0 */6 * * * /home/ec2-user/restart.sh When I run "crontab -l" I can see this print so I know it's been added properly. I should mention that the service does not have the ability to be restarted, (like "service ... restart") the process ID needs to be found, killed and then the start script needs to be ran. I have found that this cronjob is not working, I'll log onto the box and I can tell by looking at the logs that no restart has occurred. What am I doing wrong? What can I do to troubleshoot? Any advice would help, this is my first cron job :) Thanks!

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• Caching all files in varnish

  - by csgwro

  I want my varnish servers to cache all files. At backend there is lighttpd hosting only static files, and there is an md5 in the url in case of file change, ex. /gfx/Bird.b6e0bc2d6cbb7dfe1a52bc45dd2b05c4.swf). However my hit ratio is very poorly (about 0.18) My config: sub vcl_recv { set req.backend=default; ### passing health to backend if (req.url ~ "^/health.html$") { return (pass); } remove req.http.If-None-Match; remove req.http.cookie; remove req.http.authenticate; if (req.request == "GET") { return (lookup); } } sub vcl_fetch { ### do not cache wrong codes if (beresp.status == 404 || beresp.status >= 500) { set beresp.ttl = 0s; } remove beresp.http.Etag; remove beresp.http.Last-Modified; } sub vcl_deliver { set resp.http.expires = "Thu, 31 Dec 2037 23:55:55 GMT"; } I have made an performance tuning: DAEMON_OPTS="${DAEMON_OPTS} -p thread_pool_min=200 -p thread_pool_max=4000 -p thread_pool_add_delay=2 -p session_linger=100" The main url which is missed is... /health.html. Is that forward to backend correctly configured? Disabling health checking hit ratio increases to 0.45. Now mostly "/crossdomain.xml" is missed (from many domains, as it is wildcard). How can I avoid that? Should I carry on other headers like User-Agent or Accept-Encoding? I thing that default hashing mechanism is using url + host/IP. Compression is used at the backend. What else can improve performance?

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• Extract sender activity from postfix logs for auditing user

  - by Aseques

  We have a mail user on our postfix server that was using the company mail to send compromising information to the competence. I've been asked to make a report of the actions for that user in the last time. There are tools like pflogsumm and others that can extract statistic data, but I haven't so far find anything useful to get all the info for a user because the data is in multiple lines. I'd like to get something like this: For the sent mail 11/11/11 00:00:00 [email protected] -> [email protected] 11/11/11 00:00:01 [email protected] -> [email protected] For the received mail 10/10/11 00:00:00 [email protected] -> [email protected] 10/10/11 00:00:01 [email protected] -> [email protected] I know I can do a script by myself, but matching the postfix ID for every mail is not something that can be made with a simple grep, and I've a lot of mail history that I have to recheck distributed among diferent files and so on. The source log is the standard postfix format, for example this one... Sep 13 16:15:57 server postfix/qmgr[18142]: B35CB5ED3D: from=<[email protected], size=10755, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Sep 13 16:15:57 server postfix/smtpd[32099]: disconnect from localhost[127.0.0.1] Sep 13 16:15:57 server postfix/smtp[32420]: 58C3E5EC9C: to=<[email protected]>, relay=127.0.0.1[127.0.0.1]:10024, delay=1.4, delays=0.01/0/0/1.4, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 2.0.0 Ok, id=32697-04, from MTA([127.0.0.1]:10025): 250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as B35CB5ED3D) Sep 13 16:15:57 server postfix/qmgr[18142]: 58C3E5EC9C: removed Sep 13 16:15:57 server postfix/smtp[32379]: B35CB5ED3D: to=<[email protected]>, relay=mail.anothercompany.com[123.123.123.163]:25, delay=0.06, delays=0.03/0/0.01/0.02, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 77D0EB6C025) Sep 13 16:15:57 server postfix/qmgr[18142]: B35CB5ED3D: removed

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• Unable to connect via NetBIOS Name

  - by grom

  I can't connect to machines/shares by NetBIOS names. Below is console output showing the problem. C:\>nbtstat -n Local Area Connection: Node IpAddress: [192.168.1.100] Scope Id: [] NetBIOS Local Name Table Name Type Status --------------------------------------------- BEAST <00> UNIQUE Registered WORKGROUP <00> GROUP Registered BEAST <20> UNIQUE Registered WORKGROUP <1E> GROUP Registered WORKGROUP <1D> UNIQUE Registered ..__MSBROWSE__.<01> GROUP Registered C:\>nbtstat -A 192.168.1.3 Local Area Connection: Node IpAddress: [192.168.1.100] Scope Id: [] NetBIOS Remote Machine Name Table Name Type Status --------------------------------------------- BRCLAPTOP <00> UNIQUE Registered WORKGROUP <00> GROUP Registered BRCLAPTOP <20> UNIQUE Registered WORKGROUP <1E> GROUP Registered MAC Address = 00-1C-BF-14-B8-6E C:\>ping beast Pinging beast [fe80::59b8:179f:b90b:a63f%11] with 32 bytes of data: Reply from fe80::59b8:179f:b90b:a63f%11: time<1ms Reply from fe80::59b8:179f:b90b:a63f%11: time<1ms Reply from fe80::59b8:179f:b90b:a63f%11: time<1ms Reply from fe80::59b8:179f:b90b:a63f%11: time<1ms Ping statistics for fe80::59b8:179f:b90b:a63f%11: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms C:\>ping brclaptop Ping request could not find host brclaptop. Please check the name and try again. C:\>nbtstat -a brclaptop Local Area Connection: Node IpAddress: [192.168.1.100] Scope Id: [] Host not found.

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• USB transfer speed for Windows 7 is incredibly slow to my external drive

  - by Wolfram

  I'm running Windows 7 Pro and am try to backup 116 GB of data to my external 1 TB hard drive. My laptop has only USB 2.0 ports and my hard drive is USB 3.0 compatible, as is the cable I'm using. I understand that the transfer speed should still be in accordance with USB 2.0 speeds. However, right now I'm getting 135 KB/s and it's been gradually dropping. For an earlier transfer, I would get between 4 MB/s to 8 MB/s. So, I'm really just wondering what's going on with my transfer rate and what I can do to improve it. I'm currently about 35 GB into the 116 GB transfer. Another strange thing is that the window which shows the transfer status decided to max out at 835 MB, and therefore shows items remaining as 0. However, it is still performing the rest of the transfer, and I can see it still cycling through files. Now that I think about it, it seems plausible that the speed being shown by the window is calculated merely as total data transferred / time elapsed. Since the "counter" of data, as far as what is being displayed in the window, maxed out at 835 MB, as time increases, the speed shown is going to keep decreasing because the 'total data transferred' value isn't being incremented. So with that in mind, I suppose I don't actually know at what rate the data is being transferred currently. Nonetheless, my best speed earlier was only around 8 MB/s. Shouldn't USB 2.0 deliver closer to 35 MB/s? Also, if someone can tell me why the transfer status window is displaying the incorrect data information and how to fix this, that would also be appreciated.

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• installing mod_wsgi giving 403 error

  - by John Smiith

  installing mod_wsgi giving 403 error httpd.conf i added code below WSGIScriptAlias /wsgi "C:/xampp/www/htdocs/wsgi_app/wsgi_handler.py" <Directory "C:/xampp/www/htdocs/wsgi_app/"> AllowOverride None Options None Order deny,allow Allow from all </Directory> wsgi_handler.py status = ‘200 OK’ output = ‘Hello World!’ response_headers = [('Content-type', 'text/plain'), ('Content-Length', str(len(output)))] start_response(status, response_headers) return [output] Note: localhost is my virtual host domain and it is working fine but when i request http://localhost/wsgi/ got 403 error. <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot "C:/xampp/www/htdocs/localhost" ServerName localhost ServerAlias www.localhost ErrorLog "logs/localhost-error.log" CustomLog "logs/localhost-access.log" combined </VirtualHost> Error log [Wed Jul 04 06:01:54 2012] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File does not exist: C:/xampp/www/htdocs/localhost/favicon.ico [Wed Jul 04 06:01:54 2012] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] client denied by server configuration: C:/xampp/Bin/apache [Wed Jul 04 06:01:58 2012] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] Options ExecCGI is off in this directory: C:/xampp/www/htdocs/wsgi_app/wsgi_handler.py [Wed Jul 04 06:01:58 2012] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] client denied by server configuration: C:/xampp/Bin/apache [Wed Jul 04 06:01:58 2012] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File does not exist: C:/xampp/www/htdocs/localhost/favicon.ico [Wed Jul 04 06:01:58 2012] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] client denied by server configuration: C:/xampp/Bin/apache Note: My apache is not in c:/xampp/bin/apache it is in c:/xampp/bin/server-apache/

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• Openvpn - stuck on Connecting

  - by user224277

  I've got a problem with openvpn server... every time when I trying to connect to the VPN , I am getting a window with login and password box, so I typed my login and password (login = Common Name (user1) and password is from a challenge password from the client certificate. Logs : Jun 7 17:03:05 test ovpn-openvpn[5618]: Authenticate/Decrypt packet error: packet HMAC authentication failed Jun 7 17:03:05 test ovpn-openvpn[5618]: TLS Error: incoming packet authentication failed from [AF_INET]80.**.**.***:54179 Client.ovpn : client #dev tap dev tun #proto tcp proto udp remote [Server IP] 1194 resolv-retry infinite nobind persist-key persist-tun ca ca.crt cert user1.crt key user1.key <tls-auth> -----BEGIN OpenVPN Static key V1----- d1e0... -----END OpenVPN Static key V1----- </tls-auth> ns-cert-type server cipher AES-256-CBC comp-lzo yes verb 0 mute 20 My openvpn.conf : port 1194 #proto tcp proto udp #dev tap dev tun #dev-node MyTap ca /etc/openvpn/keys/ca.crt cert /etc/openvpn/keys/VPN.crt key /etc/openvpn/keys/VPN.key dh /etc/openvpn/keys/dh2048.pem server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt #push „route 192.168.5.0 255.255.255.0? #push „route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0? keepalive 10 120 tls-auth /etc/openvpn/keys/ta.key 0 #cipher BF-CBC # Blowfish #cipher AES-128-CBC # AES #cipher DES-EDE3-CBC # Triple-DES comp-lzo #max-clients 100 #user nobody #group nogroup persist-key persist-tun status openvpn-status.log #log openvpn.log #log-append openvpn.log verb 3 sysctl : net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

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• Users getting 'flooded' with not read notifications (NRNs) for old emails and meeting requests

  - by Exile

  I'm being placed under quite a lot of pressure from senior management over a relatively trivial issue. Basically the vast majority of users are complaining that they receive not read notifications (NRNs) for old emails and meeting requests in large numbers multiple times a day. I know something strange is happening because some are delivered at silly times in the morning (i.e 3AM or 4AM). The problem I have is that these some of these NRNs are from meeting requests and messages that are 120 days old, so some users have deleted the original message so I don’t actually know if the NRN is from an email or meeting request. This is typical of what users receive as a NRN: From: Sender Sent: 23 March 2012 04:16 To: Recepient Subject: Not read: Accepted: Status update Your message To: Sender Subject: Accepted: Status update Sent: Wednesday, November 23, 2011 8:59:00 AM (UTC) Dublin, Edinburgh, Lisbon, London was deleted without being read on Friday, March 23, 2012 4:15:32 AM (UTC) Dublin, Edinburgh, Lisbon, London. ... From: Sender Sent: 18 March 2012 01:13 To: Recepient Subject: Not read: Gold delivery - Sourcing module Your message To: Sender Subject: Gold delivery - Sourcing module Sent: Friday, November 18, 2011 9:37:58 AM (UTC) Dublin, Edinburgh, Lisbon, London was deleted without being read on Sunday, March 18, 2012 1:12:37 AM (UTC) Dublin, Edinburgh, Lisbon, London. I have done a search and found the following: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2544246 http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2471964 But we already installed 'Update Rollup 6 for Exchange Server 2010 Service Pack 1' back in December, so I am not sure what we can do to fix this?

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• NFS-shared file-system is locking up

  - by fredden

  Our NFS-shared file-system is locking up. Please feel free to ask any questions you feel relevant. :) At the time, there are a lot of processes in "disk sleep" state, and the load averages on our machines sky-rocket. The machines are responsive on SSH, but our the majority of our websites (apache+mod_php) just hang, as does our email system (exim+dovecot). Any websites which don't require write access to the file-system continue to operate. The load averages continue to rise until some kind of time-out is reached, but for at least 10-15 minutes. I've seen load averages over 800, yet the machines are still responsive for actions which don't require writing to the shared file-system. I've been investigating a variety of options, which have all turned out to be red-herrings: nagios, proftpd, bind, cron tasks. I'm seeing these messages in the file server's system log: Jul 30 09:37:17 fs0 kernel: [1810036.560046] statd: server localhost not responding, timed out Jul 30 09:37:17 fs0 kernel: [1810036.560053] nsm_mon_unmon: rpc failed, status=-5 Jul 30 09:37:17 fs0 kernel: [1810036.560064] lockd: cannot monitor node2 Jul 30 09:38:22 fs0 kernel: [1810101.384027] statd: server localhost not responding, timed out Jul 30 09:38:22 fs0 kernel: [1810101.384033] nsm_mon_unmon: rpc failed, status=-5 Jul 30 09:38:22 fs0 kernel: [1810101.384044] lockd: cannot monitor node0 Software involved: VMWare, Debian lenny (64bit), ancient Red Hat (32 bit) (version 7 I believe), Debian etch (32bit) NFS, apache2+mod_php, exim, dovecot, bind, amanda, proftpd, nagios, cacti, drbd, heartbeat, keepalived, LVS, cron, ssmtp, NIS, svn, puppet, memcache, mysql, postgres Joomla!, Magento, Typo3, Midgard, Symfony, custom php apps

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• Recovering ZFS pool with errors on import.

  - by Sqeaky

  I have a machine that had some trouble with some bad RAM. After I diagnosed it and removed the offending stick of RAM, The ZFS pool in the machine was trying to access drives by using incorrect device names. I simply exported the pool and re-imported it to correct this. However I am now getting this error. The pool Storage no longer automatically mounts sqeaky@sqeaky-media-server:/$ sudo zpool status no pools available A regular import says its corrupt sqeaky@sqeaky-media-server:/$ sudo zpool import pool: Storage id: 13247750448079582452 state: UNAVAIL status: The pool is formatted using an older on-disk version. action: The pool cannot be imported due to damaged devices or data. config: Storage UNAVAIL insufficient replicas raidz1 UNAVAIL corrupted data 805066522130738790 ONLINE sdd3 ONLINE sda3 ONLINE sdc ONLINE A specific import says the vdev configuration is invalid sqeaky@sqeaky-media-server:/$ sudo zpool import Storage cannot import 'Storage': invalid vdev configuration I should have 4 devices in my ZFS pool: /dev/sda3 /dev/sdd3 /dev/sdc /dev/sdb I have no clue what 805066522130738790 is but I plan on investigating further. I am also trying to figure out how to use zdb to get more information about what the pool thinks is going on. For reference This was setup this way, because at the time this machine/pool was setup it needed certain Linux features and booting from ZFS wasn't yet supported in Linux. The partitions sda1 and sdd1 are in a raid 1 for the operating system and sdd2 and sda2 are in a raid1 for the swap. Any clue on how to recover this ZFS pool?

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• Software RAID 1 Configuration

  - by Corve

  I have created a software RAID 1 quite some while ago and it always seemed to work for me. However I am not completely sure that I have configured everything right and do not have the experience to check so I would be very grateful for some advice or just verification that all seems right so far. I am using Linux Fedora 20 (32 bit with plans to upgrade to 64bit) The RAID 1 should consist of two 1TB SATA hard drives. This is the output of mdadm --detail /dev/md0 /dev/md0: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Sun Jan 29 11:25:18 2012 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 976761424 (931.51 GiB 1000.20 GB) Used Dev Size : 976761424 (931.51 GiB 1000.20 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 1 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Sat Jun 7 10:38:09 2014 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 1 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Name : argo:0 (local to host argo) UUID : 1596d0a1:5806e590:c56d0b27:765e3220 Events : 996387 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 0 0 0 removed 1 8 0 1 active sync /dev/sda The RAID is mounted successfully: friedrich@argo:~ ? sudo mount -l | grep md0 /dev/md0 on /mnt/raid type ext4 (rw,relatime,data=ordered) Basically my question are: Why do I only have 1 active device? What does the State removed at bottom mean? Also I noticed some strange error messages that I see on the console on system start and shutdown and always repeating in the background when I switch with Ctrl + Alt + F2: ... ata2: irq_stat 0x00000040 connection status changed ata2: SError: { CommWake DevExch } ata2: COMRESET failed (errno=-32) ata2: exception Emask 0x10 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x4040000 action 0xe frozen ata2: irq_stat 0x00000040 connection status changed ata2: SError: { CommWake DevExch } ata2: exception Emask 0x10 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x4040000 action 0xe frozen ... Are these errors related to the RAID? Something seems wrong with the SATA devices.. All together the system works (I can read and write to the mounted raid) but I always had these strange errors on startup shutdown (probably always in the background). Thx for your help

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• Removing a device in "removed" state from Linux software RAID array

  - by Sahasranaman MS

  My workstation has two disks(/dev/sd[ab]), both with similar partitioning. /dev/sdb failed, and cat /proc/mdstat stopped showing the second sdb partition. I ran mdadm --fail and mdadm --remove for all partitions from the failed disk on the arrays that use them, although all such commands failed with mdadm: set device faulty failed for /dev/sdb2: No such device mdadm: hot remove failed for /dev/sdb2: No such device or address Then I hot swapped the failed disk, partitioned the new disk and added the partitions to the respective arrays. All arrays got rebuilt properly except one, because in /dev/md2, the failed disk doesn't seem to have been removed from the array properly. Because of this, the new partition keeps getting added as a spare to the partition, and its status remains degraded. Here's what mdadm --detail /dev/md2 shows: [root@ldmohanr ~]# mdadm --detail /dev/md2 /dev/md2: Version : 1.1 Creation Time : Tue Dec 27 22:55:14 2011 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 52427708 (50.00 GiB 53.69 GB) Used Dev Size : 52427708 (50.00 GiB 53.69 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Intent Bitmap : Internal Update Time : Fri Nov 23 14:59:56 2012 State : active, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 1 Name : ldmohanr.net:2 (local to host ldmohanr.net) UUID : 4483f95d:e485207a:b43c9af2:c37c6df1 Events : 5912611 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 2 0 active sync /dev/sda2 1 0 0 1 removed 2 8 18 - spare /dev/sdb2 To remove a disk, mdadm needs a device filename, which was /dev/sdb2 originally, but that no longer refers to device number 1. I need help with removing device number 1 with 'removed' status and making /dev/sdb2 active.

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• Almost All Xenserver Logical Volumes Disappeared - Recovery?

  - by Alex

  We had a hard disc crash of one of two hard discs in a software raid with a LVM on top. The server is running Citrix xenserver. On the hard disk which is still intact, the volume group gets detected well, but only one LV is left. (some hashes replaced by "x") # lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/VG_XenStorage-x-x-x-x-408b91acdcae/MGT VG Name VG_XenStorage-x-x-x-x-408b91acdcae LV UUID x-x-x-x-x-x-vQmZ6C LV Write Access read/write LV Status available # open 0 LV Size 4.00 MiB Current LE 1 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:0 root@rescue ~ # vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name VG_XenStorage-x-x-x-x-408b91acdcae System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 4 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 1 Open LV 0 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 698.62 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 178848 Alloc PE / Size 1 / 4.00 MiB Free PE / Size 178847 / 698.62 GiB VG UUID x-x-x-x-x-x-53w0kL I could understand if a full physical volume is lost - but why only the logical volumes? Is there any explanation for this? Is there any way to recover the logical volumes? EDIT We are here in a rescue system. The problem is that the whole server does not boot (GRUB error 22) What we are trying to do is to access the root filesystem. But everything was in the LVM. We have only this: (parted) print Model: ATA SAMSUNG HD753LJ (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 750GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 32.3kB 750GB 750GB primary boot, lvm And this 750GB LVM volume is exactly what we see on top. edit2 Output of vgcfgrestore, but from the rescue system, as there is no root to chroot to. # vgcfgrestore --list VG_XenStorage-x-b4b0-x-x-408b91acdcae File: /etc/lvm/archive/VG_XenStorage-x-x-x-x-408b91acdcae_00000.vg VG name: VG_XenStorage-x-x-x-x-408b91acdcae Description: Created *before* executing '/sbin/vgscan --ignorelockingfailure --mknodes' Backup Time: Fri Jun 28 23:53:20 2013 File: /etc/lvm/backup/VG_XenStorage-x-x-x-x-408b91acdcae VG name: VG_XenStorage-x-x-x-x-408b91acdcae Description: Created *after* executing '/sbin/vgscan --ignorelockingfailure --mknodes' Backup Time: Fri Jun 28 23:53:20 2013

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• Extending ext4 partition on debian7.0 on vsphere

  - by VoidPointer

  I have allocated thin provisioning of 15GB when i found 8GB as insufficient. Now debian guest is not able to recognize the change of size. root@debian7-x64:~# lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/debian7-x64/root LV Name root VG Name debian7-x64 LV UUID EU6mg0-XTXC-ci3D-bQJi-7XN6-r8Hp-SYxcj0 LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time debian7-x64, 2013-06-25 12:02:49 +0530 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 7.39 GiB Current LE 1892 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 254:0 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/debian7-x64/swap_1 LV Name swap_1 VG Name debian7-x64 LV UUID xDNtoz-tJUq-M5D6-GGCN-gzcD-fwUv-fYYDR1 LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time debian7-x64, 2013-06-25 12:02:49 +0530 LV Status available # open 2 LV Size 376.00 MiB Current LE 94 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 254:1 root@debian7-x64:~# pvdisplay --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sda5 VG Name debian7-x64 PV Size 7.76 GiB / not usable 2.00 MiB Allocatable yes (but full) PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 1986 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 1986 PV UUID SehkzH-Gq8Y-jI2f-27Tb-uv1Z-tR1R-5OnTxR root@debian7-x64:~# sfdisk -s /dev/sda: 15728640 /dev/mapper/debian7--x64-root: 7749632 /dev/mapper/debian7--x64-swap_1: 385024 total: 23863296 blocks Help me to extend this partition. No problem in rebooting. I dont have any live CD. Environment : debian 7, with lvm, on vsphere, ext4 partition. Can provide more details when needed.

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• Resize a RAID 1 volume on OSX Snow Leopard - how? (Note: software raid)

  - by Emmel

  I've scoured the Internet in search of an answer to this question, and as usual with OSX-related topics, I often don't find any deep-dive technical explanations sufficient enough to feel confident doing dangerous things. Here is my question: I have a Mac Pro, running OSX 10.6.2. I have, as my main root/boot disk, a RAID 1 volume called "Mirror1". Mirror1 is comprised of two 1 TB disks. Mirror1, however, is fixed at 640 GB. That's because, I originally took a 640GB disk, bought a terabyte disk, mirrored it (using diskutil appleraid enable...), when it synced I removed the 640GB and replaced it with a second 1 TB disk, and synced again. Voila! A single 640 GB replaced by two 1 TB disks in a mirror.. Actually, no. There's still something missing from the equation: Mirror1 needs to be expanded from 640GB to 1 TB to match the partition sizes on each of those disks. How do I do this? Perhaps the diskutil output will help: -> diskutil list /dev/disk0 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: GUID_partition_scheme *1.0 TB disk0 1: EFI 209.7 MB disk0s1 2: Apple_RAID 999.9 GB disk0s2 3: Apple_Boot Boot OSX 134.2 MB disk0s3 /dev/disk1 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: GUID_partition_scheme *1.0 TB disk1 1: EFI 209.7 MB disk1s1 2: Apple_RAID 999.9 GB disk1s2 3: Apple_Boot Boot OSX 134.2 MB disk1s3 /dev/disk2 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: GUID_partition_scheme *640.1 GB disk2 1: EFI 209.7 MB disk2s1 2: Apple_HFS Mac Disk 2 536.7 GB disk2s2 3: Microsoft Basic Data BOOTCAMP 103.1 GB disk2s3 /dev/disk3 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: Apple_HFS Mirror1 *639.8 GB disk3 -> diskutil appleraid list AppleRAID sets (1 found) =============================================================================== Name: Macintosh HD Unique ID: 1953F864-B474-4EB6-8E69-41834EBD0247 Type: Mirror Status: Online Size: 639.8 GB (639791038464 Bytes) Rebuild: manual Device Node: disk3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Device Node UUID Status ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 disk1s2 25109BAE-5697-40EA-B612-0217851444F7 Online 1 disk0s2 11B83AB0-8148-4DB6-8761-DEF08C855F8D Online =============================================================================== Thanks in advance.

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• Is there a monitoring software suite that will alert me if it has received no activity in a time period?

  - by matt b

  This might be a very basic question, but I am not very familiar with the exact features of Nagios versus Munin versus other monitoring tools. Let's say we have a process that needs to run daily for some very important infrastructure reasons. We've had cases where the process did not run or was otherwise down for a number of days before anyone noticed. I'd like to set up a system that will enable me to easily know when the daily run did not take place for some reason. I can set up this process to send an email on every successful run (or every failed run), but I do not trust that the people receiving this email would notice an absence of an "I'm OK" message. What I am envisioning is some type of "tripwire" service which this V.I.P. (very-important-process) can send a status message to each time it runs, whether successfully or not; and if the "tripwire" service has not received any word from the VIP within a configurable amount of time, it can then send an alert to someone. (The difference between what I envision and the first approach I outlined is a service that sends a message only in abnormal conditions, rather than a service that sends messages each day that the status is normal/OK). Can Nagios be set up to send an alert like this, if it has not heard from a certain service/device/process in N days? Is there another tool out there which does have this feature?

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• Linux will not activate wireless after device has been re-enabled

  - by XHR

  Using a Eee 900A netbook by Asus. By pressing Fn + F2, I can disable or enable the wireless chip on the netbook, a blue LED indicates the status. I've been able to connect to wireless networks just fine with this netbook. However, if the wireless chip ever becomes disabled, I have to reboot to get my network connection back. This generally happens when suspending. For some reason the LED will be off and I have to hit Fn + F2 for it to light up again. However, after doing so, Linux will not reconnect to the network. It simply changes the wireless status from "wireless is disabled" to "device not ready". Even worse, I've recently had issues with the chip being enabled at boot, thus making it nearly impossible to get connected. I've searched around on-line but haven't found much of anything useful on this. This happens on all kinds of different distros including Ubuntu 9.10 Netbook, EeeBuntu 4 beta, Jolicloud and Ubuntu 10.04 Netbook. Edit I noticed this question is getting a lot of views. To give a quick update, I never did resolve this issue with the given distro's. However, I'm currently running Ubuntu 10.10 netbook edition and this issue has gone away.

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• Why are my Windows 7 updates continuously failing?

  - by Chris C.

  I'm an advanced level user here with an odd issue. I have two Windows Updates that are failing to install, every single time. I'm getting a mysterious "Code 1" error on both updates, an error for which I'm having difficulty finding a solution. The updates in question are: Security Update for Microsoft Visual C++ 2008 Service Pack 1 Redistributable Package (KB2538243) System Update Readiness Tool for Windows 7 for x64-based Systems (KB947821) [May 2011] Because these updates are failing, the Shut Down button in my start menu always has the shield icon next to it, indicating that "new" updates will be installed on shut down. But, of course, they'll fail and when the PC is restarted, the shield icon is still there. When checking the update history and viewing the details of the failed updates, I get the following: Security Update for Microsoft Visual C++ 2008 Service Pack 1 Redistributable Package (KB2538243) Installation date: ?6/?29/?2011 3:00 AM Installation status: Failed Error details: Code 1 Update type: Important A security issue has been identified leading to MFC application vulnerability in DLL planting due to MFC not specifying the full path to system/localization DLLs. You can protect your computer by installing this update from Microsoft. After you install this item, you may have to restart your computer. More information: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=216803 and: System Update Readiness Tool for Windows 7 for x64-based Systems (KB947821) [May 2011] Installation date: ?6/?28/?2011 3:00 AM Installation status: Failed Error details: Code 1 Update type: Important This tool is being offered because an inconsistency was found in the Windows servicing store which may prevent the successful installation of future updates, service packs, and software. This tool checks your computer for such inconsistencies and tries to resolve issues if found. More information: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/947821 About My System I'm running Windows 7 Home Premium 64-bit. This is a custom PC build and the OS was installed fresh, not an upgrade from a previous version. I've been running this system for about four months. Windows Updates aside, the system is usually quite stable.

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• Redirecting or routing all traffic to OpenVPN on a Mac OS X client

  - by sdr56p

  I have configured an OpenVPN (2.2.1) server on an Ubuntu virtual machine in the Amazon elastic compute cloud. The server is up and running. I have installed OpenVPN (2.2.1) on a Mac OS X (10.8.2) client and I am using the openvpn2 binary to connect (in opposition to other clients like Tunnelblick or Viscosity). I can connect with the client and successfully ping or ssh the server through the tunnel. However, I can't redirect all internet traffic through the VPN even if I use the push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp" option in the server.conf configurations. When I connect to the server with these configurations, I get a successful connection, but then an infinite series of error messages: "write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65)". Traffic routing seems to be compromised because I am not able to access anything anymore, not even the OpenVPN server (by pinging 10.8.0.1 for instance). This is beyond me. I am finding little help on the web and don't know what to try next. I don't think it is a problem of forwarding the traffic on the server since, first, I have also took care of that and, second, I can't even ping the VPN server locally through the tunnel (or ping anything at all for that matter). Thank you for your help. Here is the server.conf. file: port 1194 proto udp dev tun ca ca.crt cert ec2-server.crt key ec2-server.key # This file should be kept secret dh dh1024.pem server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp" client-to-client keepalive 10 120 comp-lzo persist-key persist-tun status openvpn-status.log verb 3 And the client.conf file: client dev tun proto udp remote servername.com 1194 resolv-retry infinite nobind persist-key persist-tun ca ca.crt cert Toto5.crt key Toto5.key ns-cert-type server comp-lzo verb 3 Here is the connection log with the error messages: $ sudo openvpn2 --config client.conf Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 OpenVPN 2.2.1 x86_64-apple-darwin12.2.0 [SSL] [LZO2] [eurephia] built on Mar 4 2013 Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 NOTE: OpenVPN 2.1 requires '--script-security 2' or higher to call user-defined scripts or executables Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 LZO compression initialized Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 Control Channel MTU parms [ L:1542 D:138 EF:38 EB:0 ET:0 EL:0 ] Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 Socket Buffers: R=[196724->65536] S=[9216->65536] Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 Data Channel MTU parms [ L:1542 D:1450 EF:42 EB:135 ET:0 EL:0 AF:3/1 ] Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 Local Options hash (VER=V4): '41690919' Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 Expected Remote Options hash (VER=V4): '530fdded' Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 UDPv4 link local: [undef] Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 UDPv4 link remote: 54.234.43.171:1194 Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 TLS: Initial packet from 54.234.43.171:1194, sid=ffbaf343 d0c1a266 Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 VERIFY OK: depth=1, /C=US/ST=CA/L=SanFrancisco/O=Fort-Funst ... ost.domain Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 VERIFY OK: nsCertType=SERVER Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 VERIFY OK: depth=0, /C=US/ST=CA/L=SanFrancisco/O=Fort-Funst ... ost.domain Wed Mar 13 22:58:23 2013 Data Channel Encrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key Wed Mar 13 22:58:23 2013 Data Channel Encrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Wed Mar 13 22:58:23 2013 Data Channel Decrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key Wed Mar 13 22:58:23 2013 Data Channel Decrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Wed Mar 13 22:58:23 2013 Control Channel: TLSv1, cipher TLSv1/SSLv3 DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, 1024 bit RSA Wed Mar 13 22:58:23 2013 [ec2-server] Peer Connection Initiated with 54.234.43.171:1194 Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 SENT CONTROL [ec2-server]: 'PUSH_REQUEST' (status=1) Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REPLY,route 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0,topology net30,ping 10,ping-restart 120,ifconfig 10.8.0.6 10.8.0.5' Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 OPTIONS IMPORT: timers and/or timeouts modified Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ifconfig/up options modified Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 OPTIONS IMPORT: route options modified Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 ROUTE default_gateway=0.0.0.0 Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 TUN/TAP device /dev/tun0 opened Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 /sbin/ifconfig tun0 delete ifconfig: ioctl (SIOCDIFADDR): Can't assign requested address Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 NOTE: Tried to delete pre-existing tun/tap instance -- No Problem if failure Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 /sbin/ifconfig tun0 10.8.0.6 10.8.0.5 mtu 1500 netmask 255.255.255.255 up Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 /sbin/route add -net 10.8.0.0 10.8.0.5 255.255.255.0 add net 10.8.0.0: gateway 10.8.0.5 Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 Initialization Sequence Completed ^CWed Mar 13 22:58:30 2013 event_wait : Interrupted system call (code=4) Wed Mar 13 22:58:30 2013 TCP/UDP: Closing socket Wed Mar 13 22:58:30 2013 /sbin/route delete -net 10.8.0.0 10.8.0.5 255.255.255.0 delete net 10.8.0.0: gateway 10.8.0.5 Wed Mar 13 22:58:30 2013 Closing TUN/TAP interface Wed Mar 13 22:58:30 2013 SIGINT[hard,] received, process exiting toto5:ttntec2 Dominic$ sudo openvpn2 --config client.conf --remote ec2-54-234-43-171.compute-1.amazonaws.com Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 OpenVPN 2.2.1 x86_64-apple-darwin12.2.0 [SSL] [LZO2] [eurephia] built on Mar 4 2013 Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 NOTE: OpenVPN 2.1 requires '--script-security 2' or higher to call user-defined scripts or executables Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 LZO compression initialized Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 Control Channel MTU parms [ L:1542 D:138 EF:38 EB:0 ET:0 EL:0 ] Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 Socket Buffers: R=[196724->65536] S=[9216->65536] Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 Data Channel MTU parms [ L:1542 D:1450 EF:42 EB:135 ET:0 EL:0 AF:3/1 ] Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 Local Options hash (VER=V4): '41690919' Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 Expected Remote Options hash (VER=V4): '530fdded' Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 UDPv4 link local: [undef] Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 UDPv4 link remote: 54.234.43.171:1194 Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 TLS: Initial packet from 54.234.43.171:1194, sid=a0d75468 ec26de14 Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 VERIFY OK: depth=1, /C=US/ST=CA/L=SanFrancisco/O=Fort-Funst ... ost.domain Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 VERIFY OK: nsCertType=SERVER Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 VERIFY OK: depth=0, /C=US/ST=CA/L=SanFrancisco/O=Fort-Funst ... ost.domain Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 Data Channel Encrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 Data Channel Encrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 Data Channel Decrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 Data Channel Decrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 Control Channel: TLSv1, cipher TLSv1/SSLv3 DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, 1024 bit RSA Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 [ec2-server] Peer Connection Initiated with 54.234.43.171:1194 Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 SENT CONTROL [ec2-server]: 'PUSH_REQUEST' (status=1) Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REPLY,redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp,route 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0,topology net30,ping 10,ping-restart 120,ifconfig 10.8.0.6 10.8.0.5' Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 OPTIONS IMPORT: timers and/or timeouts modified Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ifconfig/up options modified Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 OPTIONS IMPORT: route options modified Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 ROUTE default_gateway=0.0.0.0 Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 TUN/TAP device /dev/tun0 opened Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 /sbin/ifconfig tun0 delete ifconfig: ioctl (SIOCDIFADDR): Can't assign requested address Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 NOTE: Tried to delete pre-existing tun/tap instance -- No Problem if failure Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 /sbin/ifconfig tun0 10.8.0.6 10.8.0.5 mtu 1500 netmask 255.255.255.255 up Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 /sbin/route add -net 54.234.43.171 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 add net 54.234.43.171: gateway 0.0.0.0 Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 /sbin/route add -net 0.0.0.0 10.8.0.5 128.0.0.0 add net 0.0.0.0: gateway 10.8.0.5 Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 /sbin/route add -net 128.0.0.0 10.8.0.5 128.0.0.0 add net 128.0.0.0: gateway 10.8.0.5 Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 /sbin/route add -net 10.8.0.0 10.8.0.5 255.255.255.0 add net 10.8.0.0: gateway 10.8.0.5 Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 Initialization Sequence Completed Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:01 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:01 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:01 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:02 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:02 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:02 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:02 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:02 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) ... The routing table after a connection WITHOUT the push redirect-gateway (all traffic is not redirected to the VPN and everything is working fine, I can ping or ssh the OpenVPN server and access all other Internet resources through my default gateway): Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default user148-1.wireless UGSc 50 0 en1 10.8/24 10.8.0.5 UGSc 2 7 tun0 10.8.0.5 10.8.0.6 UH 3 2 tun0 127 localhost UCS 0 0 lo0 localhost localhost UH 6 6692 lo0 client.openvpn.net client.openvpn.net UH 3 18 lo0 142.1.148/22 link#5 UCS 2 0 en1 user148-1.wireless 0:90:b:27:10:71 UHLWIir 50 0 en1 76 user150-173.wirele localhost UHS 0 0 lo0 142.1.151.255 ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff UHLWbI 0 2 en1 169.254 link#5 UCS 1 0 en1 169.254.255.255 0:90:b:27:10:71 UHLSWi 0 0 en1 71 The routing table after a connection with the push redirect-gateway option enable as in the server.conf file above (all internet traffic should be redirected to the VPN tunnel, but nothing is working, I can't access any Internet ressources at all): Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire 0/1 10.8.0.5 UGSc 1 0 tun0 default user148-1.wireless UGSc 7 0 en1 10.8/24 10.8.0.5 UGSc 0 0 tun0 10.8.0.5 10.8.0.6 UHr 6 0 tun0 54.234.43.171/32 0.0.0.0 UGSc 1 0 en1 127 localhost UCS 0 0 lo0 localhost localhost UH 3 6698 lo0 client.openvpn.net client.openvpn.net UH 0 27 lo0 128.0/1 10.8.0.5 UGSc 2 0 tun0 142.1.148/22 link#5 UCS 1 0 en1 user148-1.wireless 0:90:b:27:10:71 UHLWIir 1 0 en1 833 user150-173.wirele localhost UHS 0 0 lo0 169.254 link#5 UCS 1 0 en1 169.254.255.255 0:90:b:27:10:71 UHLSW 0 0 en1

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• allow spoofing when using tun

  - by Johnny

  I have a working openvpn setup with a server and a number of clients. How would i go around allowing IP spoofing through the openvpn server? (to demonstrate security concepts)? A normal ping from client to server goes through all right: root@client: hping3 10.8.0.1 HPING 10.8.0.1 (tun0 10.8.0.1): NO FLAGS are set, 40 headers + 0 data bytes len=40 ip=10.8.0.1 ttl=64 DF id=0 sport=0 flags=RA seq=0 win=0 rtt=124.7 ms root@server:/etc/openvpn# tcpdump -n -i tun0 tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on tun0, link-type RAW (Raw IP), capture size 65535 bytes 10:17:51.734167 IP 10.8.0.6.2146 > 10.8.0.1.0: Flags [], win 512, length 0 But when spoofing a packet, it does not arrive at the openvpn server: root@client: hping3 -a 10.0.8.120 10.8.0.1 HPING 10.8.0.1 (tun0 10.8.0.1): NO FLAGS are set, 40 headers + 0 data bytes root@server:/etc/openvpn# tcpdump -n -i tun0 tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on tun0, link-type RAW (Raw IP), capture size 65535 bytes My current config files server.conf local X.Y.Z.P port 80 proto tcp dev tun ca ca.crt cert server.crt key server.key # This file should be kept secret dh dh1024.pem server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp" keepalive 10 120 comp-lzo persist-key persist-tun persist-local-ip status openvpn-status.log verb 3 client.conf client dev tun proto tcp remote MYHOST..amazonaws.com 80 resolv-retry infinite nobind persist-key persist-tun ca ca.crt cert client.crt key client.key ns-cert-type server comp-lzo verb 3

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