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  • I (stupidly) converted a TrueCrypt encrypted disk to GPT in Disk Management: now TrueCrypt won't mount it

    - by asilentfire
    Backstory: After moving a Macrium Reflect disk image from my TrueCrypt external drive (with whole disk encryption) onto a unencrypted drive and using Windows PE with Macrium Reflect to restore my internal disk to the recovery image on the external unencrypted drive, my Windows 8 failed to boot. I then went back and also recovered the System Partition (looking now, it is currently EFI), but I still couldn't boot into my backup.. I was in a hurry to get online for something so I just did a clean install of Windows 8, without the backup.. After I installed Windows 8, I went into Disk Management out of curiosity to see if there were other partitions with Windows 8 that Macruim might have missed, and there is (by default) a Recovery Partition of 100MB. My memory of this is hazy, as I was trying to get up and running for an exam at 4 AM: Something in Disk Management prompted me to convert my encrypted external drive to GPT.. I have no idea why I did this, but I went ahead and allowed it to convert my TrueCrypt drive to GPT. Now, I can't mount the drive in TrueCrypt.. Disk Management sees it as Disk 1, Basic, and Unallocated. I tried converting it back to MBR with Disk Management, but no dice with TrueCrypt :( If I try to mount the disk in TrueCrypt I get the message: Incorrect password or not a TrueCrypt volume I should never have messed with a Truecrypt drive in Disk Management, but I did. I have important college work in that drive, and fear I have lost it forever. PLEASE HELP

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  • Windows 7 pc freezes for an indeterminate amount of time after unlocking

    - by pikes
    Not sure if this type of question is appropriate for this forum, but I've tried everything I can think of to solve this problem aside from format/reinstall. I recently got a new work PC (Dell optiplex 755) with windows 7 professional x64. Standard developer software installed for .net development: VS2008, VS2005, SQL management studio, office 2007, etc. Recently I've been having this weird problem where after I lock my pc, when I try to unlock it, the screen will be black for awhile after unlocking. I can ctl+alt+del and put my password in but then it just goes black. The amount of time on the black screen seems to be related to the amount of time I am away from my PC. If only away a few minutes, it'll take about a minute to get to the desktop. If away for an hour, could take up to 15 minutes. If I lock it and go home for the night, I have to restart my PC in the morning (I've let it sit for an hour after a night of being locked and nothing happened). It doesn't do it every time but definitely the majority of the time. One weird thing I've seen is that if I remote into my machine before trying to log back in it does not do it. I uninstalled all software back to the point when I remember it started happening and it still does it. I was using this PC for a few weeks without this problem happening at all. Anyone know what my next troubleshooting steps could be? My IT department tried to fix it by moving my old profile to another disk and having me log in, effectively recreating a profile from scratch but that didn't solve it. As I said above if this isn't the right forum for these types of questions please let me know. Thanks in advance!

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  • Ubuntu server 10.04 disconnects after short periods of inactivity on my site

    - by Melot
    Hi! I'm new to Ubuntu (installed it for the first time just a couple of days ago on my server). I've Ubuntu Server 10.04 and am just using the terminal, no GUI like Gnome. So far it's working pretty great except for one big thing. Whenever I go to sleep and there's no activity on my server (it's not a big site so active users drop to 0 during the night), the server kind of disconnects. The only thing that can bring the site back online is to restart the whole server. I've tried disabling powersaving by using setterm but that changes nothing. Even if I wake up the server by pressing any key or so the site wont go back online! I've tried just restarting both Apache and MySQL (I'm using LAMP-server btw) but not even that works. But as soon as I turn the power off and on at the server, everythings work like normal for a couple of minutes of inactivity (~5-15 minutes I'd guess) and then it's down again unless someone logs in to the site and is active. I was previously using XAMPP on my laptop with Windows XP and that worked 24/7 so I don't think it's anything with my router or ISP. This is driving me crazy! My site is down all the time I'm in school as I have no possibility to restart the server if it becomes offline. Does anyone have a clue to what could be wrong?

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  • Windows 7 Icons, Buttons, and Tabs corrupted...Professional 32-bit

    - by xhyperx
    The other day, about two or three ago, I was simply typing in a Microsoft Word document when my screen froze. After a few moments, it went black...I thought it was my vid hardware (dual nVidia 9800 GTs). Anyway, I did a hard reboot, and chose to Start Normally. The system blue screened telling me there was a failure in the Memory Manager. So then I thought maybe a RAM failure or vid memory failure. I attempted reboot again, this time I got presented with the option to repair windows...so I went with that. The repair app finished and did an auto reboot. This time I got all the way back to my desktop where in a matter of a about 30 seconds, the system blue screened again and pointed to the Memory Manager as the area of cause. Again I rebooted, the repair thingy came up again and I allowed it to do its thing. Deciding if the same failure occured I'd begin pulling hardware to see at what point I may have found the possibly defective party. However, this time it rebooted, I got back to desktop and no crash. All looked well, untill I looked at the baloon messages when hovering over the System Bar icons. Also when I opened any of my browsers, the tabs had no text, and any window that pops up that has regular buttons (OK, Cancel, etc., etc.) looks weird. The buttons are really really long and have no text. So it seems like the system is once again running smoothly, however something has gotten corrupted.. something relating to drawing basic windows user interface objects. Help...all ideas are respected and appreciated. Have a great day everyone!

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  • Windows 7 Icons, Buttons, and Tabs corrupted...Professional 32-bit

    - by xhyperx
    The other day, about two or three ago, I was simply typing in a Microsoft Word document when my screen froze. After a few moments, it went black...I thought it was my vid hardware (dual nVidia 9800 GTs). Anyway, I did a hard reboot, and chose to Start Normally. The system blue screened telling me there was a failure in the Memory Manager. So then I thought maybe a RAM failure or vid memory failure. I attempted reboot again, this time I got presented with the option to repair windows...so I went with that. The repair app finished and did an auto reboot. This time I got all the way back to my desktop where in a matter of a about 30 seconds, the system blue screened again and pointed to the Memory Manager as the area of cause. Again I rebooted, the repair thingy came up again and I allowed it to do its thing. Deciding if the same failure occured I'd begin pulling hardware to see at what point I may have found the possibly defective party. However, this time it rebooted, I got back to desktop and no crash. All looked well, untill I looked at the baloon messages when hovering over the System Bar icons. Also when I opened any of my browsers, the tabs had no text, and any window that pops up that has regular buttons (OK, Cancel, etc., etc.) looks weird. The buttons are really really long and have no text. So it seems like the system is once again running smoothly, however something has gotten corrupted.. something relating to drawing basic windows user interface objects. Help...all ideas are respected and appreciated. Have a great day everyone!

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  • processing of Group Policy failed only on 2008 Servers and Name Resolution failure on the current domain controller

    - by Ken Wolfrom
    Spent last 3 months doing a upgrade from 2003 domain to a 2008R2 domain. our last DC was rebuilt (5 total) and brought up on line. After it was put on line we have some 2008 and 2008R2 servers (10 now) getting these errors in the event logs. ERRORS Description: The processing of Group Policy failed. Windows could not resolve the user name. This could be caused by one of more of the following: a) Name Resolution failure on the current domain controller. b) Active Directory Replication Latency (an account created on another domain controller has not replicated to the current domain controller).\ Can duplicate this if we drop to command prompt and run GPUPDATE manually When our users attempt to do a \directory\shared access to shared drive on an affected server get this error.– “THERE ARE CURRETLY NO LOGON SERVER AVAIALBE TO SERICE THE LOGON REQUEST. This is only affecting the 2008 OS and it is a random set of abotu 10 servers out of some 30 with this OS. The Services on the machines are running Ok and login. Able to log in with domain/user to the consoles and via RDP. WE can log onto an affected machine, and can get to the \domainname\sysvol and can see the GPO's Have checked the replication topology of the domain and it states all servers can replicate with no errrors. We went back to the last DC, demoted it, removed DNS and then removed it from the domain and waited 24 hours and issue still persist. Picked one server, removed it from domain, reboooted, and added back to domain with no problems, but still has this behavior. bottom line is we have some servers that the domain will not let any UDP/client server apps or GPO's process ,but the tcp related items seeme to work fine, http, tcp calls, sql and oracle dbs's connect and process. Any inputs on some possible reasons for this issue and fixes. It is only affecting the 2008 servers on a 2008R2 domain.

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  • FTP timeout but SSH is working?

    - by nmarti
    I have a problem in my server, when I try to connect via FTP to a domain, the connexion is VERY slow, and I get timeouts just listing files in a directory. When I try to connect to the domain folder using the root user account via SSH, it works fine, and I can download the files without problem. What can be wrong? I tried to reboot the server, also the office router, and nothing... It is a fedora core 7 server with proftpd. Can it be a filesystem problem? Thanks. CONNECTION LOG: Cmd: MLST about.php 250: Start of list for about.php modify=20120910092528;perm=adfrw;size=2197;type=file;UNIX.group=505;UNIX.mode=0644;UNIX.owner=10089; about.php End of list Cmd: PASV 227: Entering Passive Mode (***hidden***). Data connection timed out. Falling back to PORT instead of PASV mode. Connection falling back to port (PORT) mode. Cmd: PORT ***hidden*** 200: PORT command successful Cmd: RETR about.php Could not accept a data connection: Operation timed out.

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  • Windows 7 clean install becomes corrupt after reboot (repeated many fresh installs)

    - by pjotr_dolphin
    My laptop keeps crashing on boot after clean Windows 7 install. Ok, here is the story, and some fact. Computer: Samsung NP900X3C-A04HK (256GB SSD, 8GB RAM) OS to install: Windows 7 Ultimate SP1 (not from Samsung, own fresh Win) I purchased this laptop about a year ago, never booted it into the Windows Home that was installed on it, installed directly Ubuntu on the machine. Full disc encryption was the selected install, so of course it wiped the complete disc (including Samsung Recovery Partition). After some time, I felt like going back to Windows, as Windows 7 is actually quite nice. So I went to buy a fresh Windows 7Ultimate with SP1. Now to the tricky part. Windows installs perfectly, and after installing all Windows updates, drivers from Samsung, software I need, it is time for shutting it down and go to bed. Starting it up again, and it is not booting, these are the type of errors I have gotten so far (fresh installed it more then a dozen times now, and tried different suggestions from threads on the net). Windows failed to start... Status: 0xc000000f Info: The boot selection failed because a required device is inaccessible. File: /boot/bcd Status: 0xc000000f Info: an error occurred while attempting to read the boot configuration data. And some other errors, not all the same. Not memory of this. I have run different disc checks, and all says my SSD is in perfect shape. Note: Soft reboots from Windows menu works, never gets corrupted. But if I Shutdown and then start it up again, this is when it happens. Can someone help me not get back to Ubunut? What can be the cause, and how can it be fixed so I do not get there problems again?

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  • Windows 7 VM log on lockout

    - by AKa
    My Windows 7 XP Mode virtual machine has just locked me out of password log on. Two years of use and it never required I use a password on wake up, I never asked for that. Suddenly yesterday, password required! I located password and used it successfully a couple of times, but now even that is not good enough! Perhaps (unfairly) because I tried to get to the bottom of the new phenomenon and removed the password from the user accounts? Permissions are still set to ok for all users. I have been all the way through the settings I can access with the VM file hibernated, and have deleted the previously saved log on info, which always previously worked automatically as charged. Now when I attempt to log on it asks me for credentials, seems like progress, but when I offer them, and check the "remember my credentials" box, I still get the splash screen "The system could not log you on. [reminder about caps...]" !! Round and round. Back up and restore point versions of the VM toss me back into the same log on loop. There are no other machines on any network, I am the administrator and sole user. It must be specifically about the log on, a speck of dust corruption ... is there a way around this? I tried creating a new VM but the black inner box gets stuck at one point requesting I insert a boot disc. Thanks for input, AKa

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  • Windows 7 Taskbar Icons Randomly Disappearing

    - by Ryker
    This is a problem that i'm totally stumped on. Taskbar Icons that are pinned, as well as open program thumbs keep disappearing. This is totally random, no set pattern. I've tried updating drivers for the vid card, rolling back to old drivers, nothing seems to work. I've also tried the usual uncheck hide the taskbar and recheck, changing the start menu, keeping commonly used programs in start menu, etc. This is using an add-in card which is a necessity. Here is the specs on the machine: New Dell Optiplex 390 i3 2100 Proc 3gb Ram, Windows 7 32-bit. The add in card is an Nvidia 8400 GS model. I've tried different versions of the 8400gs, from MSI, or from other manufactureres and regardless it keeps happening. After the Icons disappear, I can log out and log back in and they return, but disappear again. I can reinstall the drivers for the vid card and it fixes it for a few days, and then they disappear again. There isn't any set pattern of days that it happens, software being used, etc. Another user in the office had the same problem with the exact same machine, but updating the vid card drivers fixed the issue. Anyone?

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  • Can I recover a non-system disk deleted during 2008 R2 setup?

    - by serialhobbyist
    I've done a truly stupid thing and 'deleted' the data disk on a Server 2008 R2 box. Can I recover it? If so, how? I was rebuilding the box because a motherboard change had broken things. I've built loads of boxes and was going through the standard stuff without much concentration. I got to the disk screen which normally displays the two paritions on the drive: the recovery one and the system one. As normal, I deleted the two things I saw. It was only when two lots of unallocated space didn't merge into one that the full horror of what I'd done hit me. Yes, I've got backups... of the stuff I have space to back up. The real irony is that, earlier in the day, I'd ordered to 1 TB disks to deal with the problem. So, anyway, I'd really like to get this partition back because it'll save me a lot of time. How can I do it?

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  • Intermittent 403 errors when using allow to limit access to url with both explicit IP and SetEnvIf

    - by rbieber
    We are running Apache 2.2.22 on a Solaris 10 environment. We have a specific URL that we want to limit access to by IP. We recently implemented a CDN and now have the added complexity that the IP's that a request are shown to be coming from are actually the CDN servers and not the ultimate end user. In the case that we need to back the CDN out, we want to handle the case where either the CDN is forwarding the request, or the ultimate client is sending the request directly. The CDN sends the end user IP address in an HTTP header (for this scenario that header is called "User-IP"). Here is the configuration that we have put in place: SetEnvIf User-IP (\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+) REAL_USER_IP=$1 SetEnvIf REAL_USER_IP "(10\.1\.2\.3|192\.168\..+)" access_allowed=1 <Location /uri/> Order deny,allow Allow from 10.1.2.3 192.168. allow from env=access_allowed Deny from all </Location> This seems to work fine for a time, however at some point the web server starts serving 403 errors to the end user - so for some reason it is restricting access. The odd thing is that a bounce of the web server seems to resolve the issue, but only for a time - then the behavior comes back. It might be worthwhile to note as well that this URL is delegated to a JBoss server via mod_jk. The denial of access is, however; confirmed to be at the Apache layer and the issue only seems to happen after the server has been running for some time.

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  • BKF file corruption

    - by Naitik Semwaal
    I don't wanna ask anything here as I have nothing to ask. Instead of that, if I share some useful info here, would you guys mind? If not, then let me proceed. You must have heard about "Back up", the process in which we create backup copies of our crucial data into a file, called BKF (backup) file. Having a valid BKF file, provides security to our data against unwanted data loss or corruption. Whenever such a critical situation takes place, we can restore our BKF file and get our data back (but only if backed up earlier). Do you guys ever thought that why a BKF file gets corrupted? What could be the reasons which make the BKF file corrupted or inaccessible? One day while googling, I found a blog post named as: Reasons of BKF file corruption. I read it, it was very informative. In this blog, I came to know about the reasons for corruption in BKF files. I shared the blog here so that users can read it and clear their doubts of BKF file corruption. I hope this would be helpful.

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  • Issue with Multiple ModalPopups, ValidationSummary and UpdatePanels

    - by Aaron Hoffman
    I am having an issue when a page contains multiple ModalPopups each containing a ValidationSummary Control. Here is the functionality I need: A user clicks a button and a Modal Popup appears with dynamic content based on the button that was clicked. (This functionality is working. Buttons are wrapped in UpdatePanels and the partial page postback calls .Show() on the ModalPopup) "Save" button in ModalPopup causes client side validation, then causes a full page postback so the entire ModalPopup disappears. (ModalPopup could disappear another way - the ModalPopup just needs to disappear after a successful save operation) If errors occur in the codebehind during Save operation, messages are added to the ValidationSummary (contained within the ModalPopup) and the ModalPopup is displayed again. When the ValidationSummary's are added to the PopupPanel's, the ModalPopups no longer display correctly after a full page postback caused by the "Save" button within the second PopupPanel. (the first panel continues to function correctly) Both PopupPanels are displayed, and neither is "Popped-Up", they are displayed in-line. Any ideas on how to solve this? Image of Error State (after "PostBack Popup2" button has been clicked) ASPX markup <asp:ScriptManager ID="ScriptManager1" runat="server"> </asp:ScriptManager> <%--********************************************************************* Popup1 *********************************************************************--%> <asp:UpdatePanel ID="Popup1ShowButtonUpdatePanel" runat="server"> <ContentTemplate> <%--This button will cause a partial page postback and pass a parameter to the Popup1ModalPopup in code behind and call its .Show() method to make it visible--%> <asp:Button ID="Popup1ShowButton" runat="server" Text="Show Popup1" OnClick="Popup1ShowButton_Click" CommandArgument="1" /> </ContentTemplate> </asp:UpdatePanel> <%--Hidden Control is used as ModalPopup's TargetControlID .Usually this is the ID of control that causes the Popup, but we want to control the modal popup from code behind --%> <asp:HiddenField ID="Popup1ModalPopupTargetControl" runat="server" /> <ajax:ModalPopupExtender ID="Popup1ModalPopup" runat="server" TargetControlID="Popup1ModalPopupTargetControl" PopupControlID="Popup1PopupControl" CancelControlID="Popup1CancelButton"> </ajax:ModalPopupExtender> <asp:Panel ID="Popup1PopupControl" runat="server" CssClass="ModalPopup" Style="width: 600px; background-color: #FFFFFF; border: solid 1px #000000;"> <%--This button causes validation and a full-page post back. Full page postback will causes the ModalPopup to be Hid. If there are errors in code behind, the code behind will add a message to the ValidationSummary, and make the ModalPopup visible again--%> <asp:Button ID="Popup1PostBackButton" runat="server" Text="PostBack Popup1" OnClick="Popup1PostBackButton_Click" />&nbsp; <asp:Button ID="Popup1CancelButton" runat="server" Text="Cancel Popup1" /> <asp:UpdatePanel ID="Popup1UpdatePanel" runat="server"> <ContentTemplate> <%--*************ISSUE HERE*************** The two ValidationSummary's are causing an issue. When the second ModalPopup's PostBack button is clicked, Both ModalPopup's become visible, but neither are "Popped-Up". If ValidationSummary's are removed, both ModalPopups Function Correctly--%> <asp:ValidationSummary ID="Popup1ValidationSummary" runat="server" /> <%--Will display dynamically passed paramter during partial page post-back--%> Popup1 Parameter:<asp:Literal ID="Popup1Parameter" runat="server"></asp:Literal><br /> </ContentTemplate> </asp:UpdatePanel> &nbsp;<br /> &nbsp;<br /> &nbsp;<br /> </asp:Panel> &nbsp;<br /> &nbsp;<br /> &nbsp;<br /> <%--********************************************************************* Popup2 *********************************************************************--%> <asp:UpdatePanel ID="Popup2ShowButtonUpdatePanel" runat="server"> <ContentTemplate> <%--This button will cause a partial page postback and pass a parameter to the Popup2ModalPopup in code behind and call its .Show() method to make it visible--%> <asp:Button ID="Popup2ShowButton" runat="server" Text="Show Popup2" OnClick="Popup2ShowButton_Click" CommandArgument="2" /> </ContentTemplate> </asp:UpdatePanel> <%--Hidden Control is used as ModalPopup's TargetControlID .Usually this is the ID of control that causes the Popup, but we want to control the modal popup from code behind --%> <asp:HiddenField ID="Popup2ModalPopupTargetControl" runat="server" /> <ajax:ModalPopupExtender ID="Popup2ModalPopup" runat="server" TargetControlID="Popup2ModalPopupTargetControl" PopupControlID="Popup2PopupControl" CancelControlID="Popup2CancelButton"> </ajax:ModalPopupExtender> <asp:Panel ID="Popup2PopupControl" runat="server" CssClass="ModalPopup" Style="width: 600px; background-color: #FFFFFF; border: solid 1px #000000;"> <%--This button causes validation and a full-page post back. Full page postback will causes the ModalPopup to be Hid. If there are errors in code behind, the code behind will add a message to the ValidationSummary, and make the ModalPopup visible again--%> <asp:Button ID="Popup2PostBackButton" runat="server" Text="PostBack Popup2" OnClick="Popup2PostBackButton_Click" />&nbsp; <asp:Button ID="Popup2CancelButton" runat="server" Text="Cancel Popup2" /> <asp:UpdatePanel ID="Popup2UpdatePanel" runat="server"> <ContentTemplate> <%--*************ISSUE HERE*************** The two ValidationSummary's are causing an issue. When the second ModalPopup's PostBack button is clicked, Both ModalPopup's become visible, but neither are "Popped-Up". If ValidationSummary's are removed, both ModalPopups Function Correctly--%> <asp:ValidationSummary ID="Popup2ValidationSummary" runat="server" /> <%--Will display dynamically passed paramter during partial page post-back--%> Popup2 Parameter:<asp:Literal ID="Popup2Parameter" runat="server"></asp:Literal><br /> </ContentTemplate> </asp:UpdatePanel> &nbsp;<br /> &nbsp;<br /> &nbsp;<br /> </asp:Panel> Code Behind protected void Popup1ShowButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { Button btn = sender as Button; //Dynamically pass parameter to ModalPopup during partial page postback Popup1Parameter.Text = btn.CommandArgument; Popup1ModalPopup.Show(); } protected void Popup1PostBackButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { //if there is an error, add a message to the validation summary and //show the ModalPopup again //TODO: add message to validation summary //show ModalPopup after page refresh (request/response) Popup1ModalPopup.Show(); } protected void Popup2ShowButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { Button btn = sender as Button; //Dynamically pass parameter to ModalPopup during partial page postback Popup2Parameter.Text = btn.CommandArgument; Popup2ModalPopup.Show(); } protected void Popup2PostBackButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { //***********After This is when the issue appears********************** //if there is an error, add a message to the validation summary and //show the ModalPopup again //TODO: add message to validation summary //show ModalPopup after page refresh (request/response) Popup2ModalPopup.Show(); }

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  • How to connect to bluetoothbee device using j2me?

    - by user1500412
    I developed a simple bluetooth connection application in j2me. I try it on emulator, both server and client can found each other, but when I deploy the application to blackberry mobile phone and connect to a bluetoothbee device it says service search no records. What could it be possibly wrong? is it j2me can not find a service in bluetoothbee? The j2me itself succeed to found the bluetoothbee device, but why it can not find the service? My code is below. What I don't understand is the UUID? how to set UUID for unknown source? since I didn't know the UUID for the bluetoothbee device. class SearchingDevice extends Canvas implements Runnable,CommandListener,DiscoveryListener{ //...... public SearchingDevice(MenuUtama midlet, Display display){ this.display = display; this.midlet = midlet; t = new Thread(this); t.start(); timer = new Timer(); task = new TestTimerTask(); /*--------------------Device List------------------------------*/ select = new Command("Pilih",Command.OK,0); back = new Command("Kembali",Command.BACK,0); btDevice = new List("Pilih Device",Choice.IMPLICIT); btDevice.addCommand(select); btDevice.addCommand(back); btDevice.setCommandListener(this); /*------------------Input Form---------------------------------*/ formInput = new Form("Form Input"); nama = new TextField("Nama","",50,TextField.ANY); umur = new TextField("Umur","",50,TextField.ANY); measure = new Command("Ukur",Command.SCREEN,0); gender = new ChoiceGroup("Jenis Kelamin",Choice.EXCLUSIVE); formInput.addCommand(back); formInput.addCommand(measure); gender.append("Pria", null); gender.append("Wanita", null); formInput.append(nama); formInput.append(umur); formInput.append(gender); formInput.setCommandListener(this); /*---------------------------------------------------------------*/ findDevice(); } /*----------------Gambar screen searching device---------------------------------*/ protected void paint(Graphics g) { g.setColor(0,0,0); g.fillRect(0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight()); g.setColor(255,255,255); g.drawString("Mencari Device", 20, 20, Graphics.TOP|Graphics.LEFT); if(this.counter == 1){ g.setColor(255,115,200); g.fillRect(20, 100, 20, 20); } if(this.counter == 2){ g.setColor(255,115,200); g.fillRect(20, 100, 20, 20); g.setColor(100,255,255); g.fillRect(60, 80, 20, 40); } if(this.counter == 3){ g.setColor(255,115,200); g.fillRect(20, 100, 20, 20); g.setColor(100,255,255); g.fillRect(60, 80, 20, 40); g.setColor(255,115,200); g.fillRect(100, 60, 20, 60); } if(this.counter == 4){ g.setColor(255,115,200); g.fillRect(20, 100, 20, 20); g.setColor(100,255,255); g.fillRect(60, 80, 20, 40); g.setColor(255,115,200); g.fillRect(100, 60, 20, 60); g.setColor(100,255,255); g.fillRect(140, 40, 20, 80); //display.callSerially(this); } } /*--------- Running Searching Screen ----------------------------------------------*/ public void run() { while(run){ this.counter++; if(counter > 4){ this.counter = 1; } try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException ex) { System.out.println("interrupt"+ex.getMessage()); } repaint(); } } /*-----------------------------cari device bluetooth yang -------------------*/ public void findDevice(){ try { devices = new java.util.Vector(); local = LocalDevice.getLocalDevice(); agent = local.getDiscoveryAgent(); local.setDiscoverable(DiscoveryAgent.GIAC); agent.startInquiry(DiscoveryAgent.GIAC, this); } catch (BluetoothStateException ex) { System.out.println("find device"+ex.getMessage()); } } /*-----------------------------jika device ditemukan--------------------------*/ public void deviceDiscovered(RemoteDevice rd, DeviceClass dc) { devices.addElement(rd); } /*--------------Selesai tes koneksi ke bluetooth server--------------------------*/ public void inquiryCompleted(int param) { switch(param){ case DiscoveryListener.INQUIRY_COMPLETED: //inquiry completed normally if(devices.size()>0){ //at least one device has been found services = new java.util.Vector(); this.findServices((RemoteDevice)devices.elementAt(0)); this.run = false; do_alert("Inquiry completed",4000); }else{ do_alert("No device found in range",4000); } break; case DiscoveryListener.INQUIRY_ERROR: do_alert("Inquiry error",4000); break; case DiscoveryListener.INQUIRY_TERMINATED: do_alert("Inquiry canceled",4000); break; } } /*-------------------------------Cari service bluetooth server----------------------------*/ public void findServices(RemoteDevice device){ try { // int[] attributes = {0x100,0x101,0x102}; UUID[] uuids = new UUID[1]; //alamat server uuids[0] = new UUID("F0E0D0C0B0A000908070605040302010",false); //uuids[0] = new UUID("8841",true); //menyiapkan device lokal local = LocalDevice.getLocalDevice(); agent = local.getDiscoveryAgent(); //mencari service dari server agent.searchServices(null, uuids, device, this); //server = (StreamConnectionNotifies)Connector.open(url.toString()); } catch (BluetoothStateException ex) { // ex.printStackTrace(); System.out.println("Errorx"+ex.getMessage()); } } /*---------------------------Pencarian service selesai------------------------*/ public void serviceSearchCompleted(int transID, int respCode) { switch(respCode){ case DiscoveryListener.SERVICE_SEARCH_COMPLETED: if(currentDevice == devices.size() - 1){ if(services.size() > 0){ this.run = false; display.setCurrent(btDevice); do_alert("Service found",4000); }else{ do_alert("The service was not found",4000); } }else{ currentDevice++; this.findServices((RemoteDevice)devices.elementAt(currentDevice)); } break; case DiscoveryListener.SERVICE_SEARCH_DEVICE_NOT_REACHABLE: do_alert("Device not Reachable",4000); break; case DiscoveryListener.SERVICE_SEARCH_ERROR: do_alert("Service search error",4000); break; case DiscoveryListener.SERVICE_SEARCH_NO_RECORDS: do_alert("No records return",4000); break; case DiscoveryListener.SERVICE_SEARCH_TERMINATED: do_alert("Inquiry canceled",4000); break; } } public void servicesDiscovered(int i, ServiceRecord[] srs) { for(int x=0; x<srs.length;x++) services.addElement(srs[x]); try { btDevice.append(((RemoteDevice)devices.elementAt(currentDevice)).getFriendlyName(false),null); } catch (IOException ex) { System.out.println("service discover"+ex.getMessage()); } } public void do_alert(String msg, int time_out){ if(display.getCurrent() instanceof Alert){ ((Alert)display.getCurrent()).setString(msg); ((Alert)display.getCurrent()).setTimeout(time_out); }else{ Alert alert = new Alert("Bluetooth"); alert.setString(msg); alert.setTimeout(time_out); display.setCurrent(alert); } } private String getData(){ System.out.println("getData"); String cmd=""; try { ServiceRecord service = (ServiceRecord)services.elementAt(btDevice.getSelectedIndex()); String url = service.getConnectionURL(ServiceRecord.NOAUTHENTICATE_NOENCRYPT, false); conn = (StreamConnection)Connector.open(url); DataInputStream in = conn.openDataInputStream(); int i=0; timer.schedule(task, 15000); char c1; while(time){ //while(((c1 = in.readChar())>0) && (c1 != '\n')){ //while(((c1 = in.readChar())>0) ){ c1 = in.readChar(); cmd = cmd + c1; //System.out.println(c1); // } } System.out.print("cmd"+cmd); if(time == false){ in.close(); conn.close(); } } catch (IOException ex) { System.err.println("Cant read data"+ex); } return cmd; } //timer task fungsinya ketika telah mencapai waktu yg dijadwalkan putus koneksi private static class TestTimerTask extends TimerTask{ public TestTimerTask() { } public void run() { time = false; } } }

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  • NullPointerException, Collections not storing data?

    - by Elliott
    Hi there, I posted this question earlier but not with the code in its entirety. The coe below also calls to other classes Background and Hydro which I have included at the bottom. I have a Nullpointerexception at the line indicate by asterisks. Which would suggest to me that the Collections are not storing data properly. Although when I check their size they seem correct. Thanks in advance. PS: If anyone would like to give me advice on how best to format my code to make it readable, it would be appreciated. Elliott package exam0607; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.net.URL; import java.util.Collection; import java.util.Scanner; import java.util.Vector; import exam0607.Hydro; import exam0607.Background;// this may not be necessary???? FIND OUT public class HydroAnalysis { public static void main(String[] args) { Collection hydroList = null; Collection backList = null; try{hydroList = readHydro("http://www.hep.ucl.ac.uk/undergrad/3459/exam_data/2006-07/final/hd_data.dat");} catch (IOException e){ e.getMessage();} try{backList = readBackground("http://www.hep.ucl.ac.uk/undergrad/3459/exam_data/2006-07/final/hd_bgd.dat"); //System.out.println(backList.size()); } catch (IOException e){ e.getMessage();} for(int i =0; i <=14; i++ ){ String nameroot = "HJK"; String middle = Integer.toString(i); String hydroName = nameroot + middle + "X"; System.out.println(hydroName); ALGO_1(hydroName, backList, hydroList); } } public static Collection readHydro(String url) throws IOException { URL u = new URL(url); InputStream is = u.openStream(); InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is); BufferedReader b = new BufferedReader(isr); String line =""; Collection data = new Vector(); while((line = b.readLine())!= null){ Scanner s = new Scanner(line); String name = s.next(); System.out.println(name); double starttime = Double.parseDouble(s.next()); System.out.println(+starttime); double increment = Double.parseDouble(s.next()); System.out.println(+increment); double p = 0; double nterms = 0; while(s.hasNextDouble()){ p = Double.parseDouble(s.next()); System.out.println(+p); nterms++; System.out.println(+nterms); } Hydro SAMP = new Hydro(name, starttime, increment, p); data.add(SAMP); } return data; } public static Collection readBackground(String url) throws IOException { URL u = new URL(url); InputStream is = u.openStream(); InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is); BufferedReader b = new BufferedReader(isr); String line =""; Vector data = new Vector(); while((line = b.readLine())!= null){ Scanner s = new Scanner(line); String name = s.next(); //System.out.println(name); double starttime = Double.parseDouble(s.next()); //System.out.println(starttime); double increment = Double.parseDouble(s.next()); //System.out.println(increment); double sum = 0; double p = 0; double nterms = 0; while((s.hasNextDouble())){ p = Double.parseDouble(s.next()); //System.out.println(p); nterms++; sum += p; } double pbmean = sum/nterms; Background SAMP = new Background(name, starttime, increment, pbmean); //System.out.println(SAMP); data.add(SAMP); } return data; } public static void ALGO_1(String hydroName, Collection backgs, Collection hydros){ //double aMin = Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY; //double sum = 0; double intensity = 0; double numberPN_SIG = 0; double POSITIVE_PN_SIG =0; //int numberOfRays = 0; for(Hydro hd: hydros){ System.out.println(hd.H_NAME); for(Background back : backgs){ System.out.println(back.H_NAME); if(back.H_NAME.equals(hydroName)){//ERROR HERE double PN_SIG = Math.max(0.0, hd.PN - back.PBMEAN); numberPN_SIG ++; if(PN_SIG 0){ intensity += PN_SIG; POSITIVE_PN_SIG ++; } } } double positive_fraction = POSITIVE_PN_SIG/numberPN_SIG; if(positive_fraction < 0.5){ System.out.println( hydroName + "is faulty" ); } else{System.out.println(hydroName + "is not faulty");} System.out.println(hydroName + "has instensity" + intensity); } } } THE BACKGROUND CLASS package exam0607; public class Background { String H_NAME; double T_START; double DT; double PBMEAN; public Background(String name, double starttime, double increment, double pbmean) { name = H_NAME; starttime = T_START; increment = DT; pbmean = PBMEAN; }} AND THE HYDRO CLASS public class Hydro { String H_NAME; double T_START; double DT; double PN; public double n; public Hydro(String name, double starttime, double increment, double p) { name = H_NAME; starttime = T_START; increment = DT; p = PN; } }

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  • Will these optimizations to my Ruby implementation of diff improve performance in a Rails app?

    - by grg-n-sox
    <tl;dr> In source version control diff patch generation, would it be worth it to use the optimizations listed at the very bottom of this writing (see <optimizations>) in my Ruby implementation of diff for making diff patches? </tl;dr> <introduction> I am programming something I have never done before and there might already be tools out there to do the exact thing I am programming but at this point I am having too much fun to care so I am still going to do it from scratch, even if there is a tool for this. So anyways, I am working on a Ruby on Rails app and need a certain feature. Basically I want each entry in a table of mine, let's say for example a table of video games, to have a stored chunk of text that represents a review or something of the sort for that table entry. However, I want this text to be both editable by any registered user and also keep track of different submissions in a version control system. The simplest solution I could think of is just implement a solution that keeps track of the text body and the diff patch history of different versions of the text body as objects in Ruby and then serialize it, preferably in human readable form (so I'll most likely use YAML for this) for editing if needed due to corruption by a software bug or a mistake is made by an admin doing some version editing. So at first I just tried to dive in head first into this feature to find that the problem of generating a diff patch is more difficult that I thought to do efficiently. So I did some research and came across some ideas. Some I have implemented already and some I have not. However, it all pretty much revolves around the longest common subsequence problem, as you would already know if you have already done anything with diff or diff-like features, and optimization the function that solves it. Currently I have it so it truncates the compared versions of the text body from the beginning and end until non-matching lines are found. Then it solves the problem using a comparison matrix, but instead of incrementing the value stored in a cell when it finds a matching line like in most longest common subsequence algorithms I have seen examples of, I increment when I have a non-matching line so as to calculate edit distance instead of longest common subsequence. Although as far as I can tell between the two approaches, they are essentially two sides of the same coin so either could be used to derive an answer. It then back-traces through the comparison matrix and notes when there was an incrementation and in which adjacent cell (West, Northwest, or North) to determine that line's diff entry and assumes all other lines to be unchanged. Normally I would leave it at that, but since this is going into a Rails environment and not just some stand-alone Ruby script, I started getting worried about needing to optimize at least enough so if a spammer that somehow knew how I implemented the version control system and knew my worst case scenario entry still wouldn't be able to hit the server that bad. After some searching and reading of research papers and articles through the internet, I've come across several that seem decent but all seem to have pros and cons and I am having a hard time deciding how well in this situation that the pros and cons balance out. So are the ones listed here worth it? I have listed them with known pros and cons. </introduction> <optimizations> Chop the compared sequences into multiple chucks of subsequences by splitting where lines are unchanged, and then truncating each section of unchanged lines at the beginning and end of each section. Then solve the edit distance of each subsequence. Pro: Changes the time increase as the changed area gets bigger from a quadratic increase to something more similar to a linear increase. Con: Figuring out where to split already seems like you have to solve edit distance except now you don't care how it is changed. Would be fine if this was solvable by a process closer to solving hamming distance but a single insertion would throw this off. Use a cryptographic hash function to both convert all sequence elements into integers and ensure uniqueness. Then solve the edit distance comparing the hash integers instead of the sequence elements themselves. Pro: The operation of comparing two integers is faster than the operation of comparing two strings, so a slight performance gain is received after every comparison, which can be a lot overall. Con: Using a cryptographic hash function takes time to convert all the sequence elements and may end up costing more time to do the conversion that you gain back from the integer comparisons. You could use the built in hash function for a string but that will not guarantee uniqueness. Use lazy evaluation to only calculate the three center-most diagonals of the comparison matrix and then only calculate additional diagonals as needed. And then also use this approach to possibly remove the need on some comparisons to compare all three adjacent cells as desribed here. Pro: Can turn an algorithm that always takes O(n * m) time and make it so only worst case scenario is that time, best case becomes practically linear, and average case is somewhere between the two. Con: It is an algorithm I've only seen implemented in functional programming languages and I am having a difficult time comprehending how to convert this into Ruby based on how it is described at the site linked to above. Make a C module and do the hard work at the native level in C and just make a Ruby wrapper for it so Ruby can make all the calls to it that it needs. Pro: I have to imagine that evaluating something like this in could be a LOT faster. Con: I have no idea how Rails handles apps with ruby code that has C extensions and it hurts the portability of the app. This is an optimization for after the solving of edit distance, but idea is to store additional combined diffs with the ones produced by each version to make a delta-tree data structure with the most recently made diff as the root node of the tree so getting to any version takes worst case time of O(log n) instead of O(n). Pro: Would make going back to an old version a lot faster. Con: It would mean every new commit, the delta-tree would get a new root node that will cost time to reorganize the delta-tree for an operation that will be carried out a lot more often than going back a version, not to mention the unlikelihood it will be an old version. </optimizations> So are these things worth the effort?

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  • Choose variable based on users choice from picklist.

    - by Kelbizzle
    I have this form. Basically what I want is to send a auto-response with a different URL based on what the user picks in the "attn" picklist. I've been thinking I could have a different variable for each drop down value. It will then pass this variable on to the mail script that will choose which URL to insert inside the auto response that is sent. It gives me a headache thinking about it sometimes. What's the easiest way to accomplish this? Am I making more work for myself? I really don't know because I'm no programmer. Thanks in advance! Here is the form: <form name="contact_form" method="post" action="sendemail_reports.php" onsubmit="return validate_form ( );"> <div id='zohoWebToLead' align=center> <table width="100%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="txt_body"> <table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 width=480 style='border-bottom-color: #999999; border-top-color: #999999; border-bottom-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-top-width: 2px; background-color:transparent;'> <tr> <td width='75%'><table width=480 border=0 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=0 style='border-bottom-color: #999999; border-top-color: #999999; border-bottom-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-top-width: 2px; background-color:transparent;'> <input type="hidden" name="ip" value="'.$ipi.'" /> <input type="hidden" name="httpref" value="'.$httprefi.'" /> <input type="hidden" name="httpagent" value="'.$httpagenti.'" /> <tr></tr> <tr> <td colspan='2' align='left' style='border-bottom-color: #dadada; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 2px; color:#000000; font-family:sans-serif; font-size:14px;'><strong>Send us an Email</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td nowrap style='font-family:sans-serif;font-size:12px;font-weight:bold' align='right' width='25%'> First Name   : </td> <td width='75%'><input name='visitorf' type='text' size="48" maxlength='40' /></td> </tr> <tr> <td nowrap style='font-family:sans-serif;font-size:12px;font-weight:bold' align='right' width='25%'>Last Name   :</td> <td width='75%'><input name='visitorfl' type='text' size="48" maxlength='80' /></td> </tr> <tr> <td nowrap style= 'font-family:sans-serif;font-size:12px;font-weight:bold' align='right' width='25%'> Email Adress  : </td> <td width='75%'><input name='visitormail' type='text' size="48" maxlength='100' /></td> </tr> <tr> <td nowrap style='font-family:sans-serif;font-size:12px;font-weight:bold' align='right' width='25%'> Phone   : </td> <td width='75%'><input name='visitorphone' type='text' size="48" maxlength='30' /></td> </tr> <td nowrap style='font-family:sans-serif;font-size:12px;font-weight:bold' align='right' width='25%'> Subject   : </td> <td width='75%'><select name="attn" size="1"> <option value=" Investment Opportunities ">Investment Opportunities </option> <option value=" Vacation Rentals ">Vacation Rentals </option> <option value=" Real Estate Offerings ">Real Estate Offerings </option> <option value=" Gatherings ">Gatherings </option> <option value=" General ">General </option> </select></td> <tr> <td nowrap style= 'font-family:sans-serif;font-size:12px;font-weight:bold' align='right' width='25%'> Message   :<br /> <em>(max 5000 char)</em></td> <td width='75%'><textarea name='notes' maxlength='5000' cols="48" rows="3"></textarea></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan=2 align=center style=''><input name='save' type='submit' class="boton" value=Send mail /> &nbsp; &nbsp; <input type='reset' name='reset' value=Reset class="boton" /></td> </tr> </table></td> </tr> </table> </div> </form> Here is the mail script: <?php //the 3 variables below were changed to use the SERVER variable $ip = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']; $httpref = $_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER']; $httpagent = $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']; $visitorf = $_POST['visitorf']; $visitorl = $_POST['visitorl']; $visitormail = $_POST['visitormail']; $visitorphone = $_POST['visitorphone']; $notes = $_POST['notes']; $attn = $_POST['attn']; //additional headers $headers = 'From: Me <[email protected]>' . "\n" ; $headers = 'Bcc: [email protected]' . "\n"; if (eregi('http:', $notes)) { die ("Do NOT try that! ! "); } if(!$visitormail == "" && (!strstr($visitormail,"@") || !strstr($visitormail,"."))) { echo "<h2>Use Back - Enter valid e-mail</h2>\n"; $badinput = "<h2>Feedback was NOT submitted</h2>\n"; echo $badinput; die ("Go back! ! "); } if(empty($visitorf) || empty($visitormail) || empty($notes )) { echo "<h2>Use Back - fill in all fields</h2>\n"; die ("Use back! ! "); } $todayis = date("l, F j, Y, g:i a") ; $subject = "I want to download the report about $attn"; $notes = stripcslashes($notes); $message = "$todayis [EST] \nAttention: $attn \nMessage: $notes \nFrom: $visitorf $visitorl ($visitormail) \nTelephone Number: $visitorphone \nAdditional Info : IP = $ip \nBrowser Info: $httpagent \nReferral : $httpref\n"; //check if the function even exists if(function_exists("mail")) { //send the email mail($_SESSION['email'], $subject, $message, $headers) or die("could not send email"); } else { die("mail function not enabled"); } header( "Location: http://www.domain.com/thanks.php" ); ?>

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  • JSON object array to store data of a form in local storage temporary (PhoneGap project)

    - by Nadeesha
    I am building a data aqusition system using PhoneGap. .I am trying to store my form data temporary on local storage using JSON,Data should be visible after I close and reopen the application (after pressing Get Data button),But after I close it only the lastly entered record is visible This is my code <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Household Profile DB storage</title> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="user-scalable=no, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, minimum-scale=1,width=device-width" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="jquery.mobile-1.4.2/jquery.mobile-1.4.2.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/table.css"> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery-1.9.1.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="jquery.mobile-1.4.2/jquery.mobile-1.4.2.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/iscroll.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"> function onDeviceReady() { persistData(homeId,owner,gramaND,contactNo,address,race); } function saveLocal(form){ if (window.localStorage) { var fhomeId = form.homeId.value, fowner = form.owner.value, fgramaND = form.gramaND.value, fcontactNo= form.contactNo.value, faddress = form.address.value, frace = form.race.value; alert("hi"); var highscores = [{"homeId": fhomeId, "owner":fowner, "gramaND":fgramaND, "contactNo":fcontactNo, "address":faddress, "race":frace}]; localStorage.setItem("highscores",JSON.stringify(highscores)); alert("The data has been stored successfully."); } else { alert("Your Browser does not support LocalStorage."); } } function readLocal(){ if (window.localStorage) { var scores =[]; //Get the highscores object scores = localStorage.getItem("highscores"); scores = JSON.parse(scores); for (i=0;i<scores.length;i++){ var text = "homeId :"+scores[i].homeId +"<br>"+ "owner:"+ scores[i].owner+"<br>"+ "address"+scores[i].address +"<br>"+ "gramaND"+scores[i].gramaND +"<br>"+ "contactNo"+scores[i].contactNo+"<br>" + '<Button value="DELETE" onclick="'+scores.splice(i, 0)+'><>/Button>'; var tbodyx = document.getElementsByTagName("tbody"); var tr=document.createElement("TR"); var td=document.createElement("TD"); td.innerHTML = text; tr.appendChild(td); tbody.appendChild(tr); } } } </script> </head> <body> <div data-role="page" id="page1"> <!--/header--> <div data-role="header" data-position="inline" data-theme="b"> <a href="#" data-icon="back" data-rel="back" title="Go back">Back</a> <h1>Household Profile</h1> <a href="index.html" data-icon="home">Menu</a> </div> <!--/header--> <div id="wrapper"> <form id="userInput" action ="" method="GET"> <div data-role="content"> <div data-role="fieldcontain"> <label > Home ID </label> <input class="inputClass" id="homeId" placeholder="H0001" value="" data-mini="true" type="text"> </div> <div data-role="fieldcontain"> <label > Owner </label> <input class="inputClass" id="owner" placeholder="Aberathne" value="" type="text"> </div> <div data-role="fieldcontain"> <label class="select">GramaNiladhari Division</label> <select class="inputClass" id="gramaND"> <option value="GramaNiladhari Division 1">GramaNiladhari Division 1</option> <option value="GramaNiladhari Division 2">GramaNiladhari Division 2</option> <option value="GramaNiladhari Division 3">GramaNiladhari Division 3</option> <option value="GramaNiladhari Division 4">GramaNiladhari Division 4</option> </select> </div> <div data-role="fieldcontain"> <label > Contact No </label> <input class="inputClass" id="contactNo" placeholder="071-9545-073" value="" type="number"> </div> <div data-role="fieldcontain"> <label >Address:</label> <textarea cols="40" rows="8" class="inputClass" id="address"></textarea> </div> <div class="ui-block-a"><button type="submit" data-theme="d">Location in a Map</button></div> <div data-role="fieldcontain"> <label >Race</label> <select class="inputClass" id="race"> <option value=" Sinhalese"> Sinhalese</option> <option value=" Sri Lanka Tamils"> Sri Lanka Tamils</option> <option value=" Moors"> Moors</option> <option value=" Indian Tamils "> Indian Tamils </option> <option value=" Malays "> Malays </option> <option value=" Burghers "> Burghers </option> </select> </div> <input class="buttonClass" type="button" value="Insert Data" onclick="saveLocal(this.form);"> </div> </form> </div> <input class="buttonClass" type="button" value="get Data" onclick="readLocal();"> <!-- <p id="dhomeId"></p> <p id="downer"></p> <p id="dgramaND"></p> <p id="dcontactNo"></p> <p id="daddress"></p> <p id="drace"></p>--> <table border="1"> <tbody id="tbody"> <tr><td>test1</td></tr> <tr><td>test2</td></tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </body> </html> Also I need to expand my code to edit and delete record from local storage.

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  • WiX 3 Tutorial: Custom EULA License and MSI localization

    - by Mladen Prajdic
    In this part of the ongoing Wix tutorial series we’ll take a look at how to localize your MSI into different languages. We’re still the mighty SuperForm: Program that takes care of all your label color needs. :) Localizing the MSI With WiX 3.0 localizing an MSI is pretty much a simple and straightforward process. First let look at the WiX project Properties->Build. There you can see "Cultures to build" textbox. Put specific cultures to build into the testbox or leave it empty to build all of them. Cultures have to be in correct culture format like en-US, en-GB or de-DE. Next we have to tell WiX which cultures we actually have in our project. Take a look at the first post in the series about Solution/Project structure and look at the Lang directory in the project structure picture. There we have de-de and en-us subfolders each with its own localized stuff. In the subfolders pay attention to the WXL files Loc_de-de.wxl and Loc_en-us.wxl. Each one has a <String Id="LANG"> under the WixLocalization root node. By including the string with id LANG we tell WiX we want that culture built. For English we have <String Id="LANG">1033</String>, for German <String Id="LANG">1031</String> in Loc_de-de.wxl and for French we’d have to create another file Loc_fr-FR.wxl and put <String Id="LANG">1036</String>. WXL files are localization files. Any string we want to localize we have to put in there. To reference it we use loc keyword like this: !(loc.IdOfTheVariable) => !(loc.MustCloseSuperForm) This is our Loc_en-us.wxl. Note that German wxl has an identical structure but values are in German. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><WixLocalization Culture="en-us" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/wix/2006/localization" Codepage="1252"> <String Id="LANG">1033</String> <String Id="ProductName">SuperForm</String> <String Id="LicenseRtf" Overridable="yes">\Lang\en-us\EULA_en-us.rtf</String> <String Id="ManufacturerName">My Company Name</String> <String Id="AppNotSupported">This application is is not supported on your current OS. Minimal OS supported is Windows XP SP2</String> <String Id="DotNetFrameworkNeeded">.NET Framework 3.5 is required. Please install the .NET Framework then run this installer again.</String> <String Id="MustCloseSuperForm">Must close SuperForm!</String> <String Id="SuperFormNewerVersionInstalled">A newer version of !(loc.ProductName) is already installed.</String> <String Id="ProductKeyCheckDialog_Title">!(loc.ProductName) setup</String> <String Id="ProductKeyCheckDialogControls_Title">!(loc.ProductName) Product check</String> <String Id="ProductKeyCheckDialogControls_Description">Plese Enter following information to perform the licence check.</String> <String Id="ProductKeyCheckDialogControls_FullName">Full Name:</String> <String Id="ProductKeyCheckDialogControls_Organization">Organization:</String> <String Id="ProductKeyCheckDialogControls_ProductKey">Product Key:</String> <String Id="ProductKeyCheckDialogControls_InvalidProductKey">The product key you entered is invalid. Please call user support.</String> </WixLocalization>   As you can see from the file we can use localization variables in other variables like we do for SuperFormNewerVersionInstalled string. ProductKeyCheckDialog* strings are to localize a custom dialog for Product key check which we’ll look at in the next post. Built in dialog text localization Under the de-de folder there’s also the WixUI_de-de.wxl file. This files contains German translations of all texts that are in WiX built in dialogs. It can be downloaded from WiX 3.0.5419.0 Source Forge site. Download the wix3-sources.zip and go to \src\ext\UIExtension\wixlib. There you’ll find already translated all WiX texts in 12 Languages. Localizing the custom EULA license Here it gets ugly. We can override the default EULA license easily by overriding WixUILicenseRtf WiX variable like this: <WixVariable Id="WixUILicenseRtf" Value="License.rtf" /> where License.rtf is the name of your custom EULA license file. The downside of this method is that you can only have one license file which means no localization for it. That’s why we need to make a workaround. License is checked on a dialog name LicenseAgreementDialog. What we have to do is overwrite that dialog and insert the functionality for localization. This is a code for LicenseAgreementDialogOverwritten.wxs, an overwritten LicenseAgreementDialog that supports localization. LicenseAcceptedOverwritten replaces the LicenseAccepted built in variable. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?><Wix xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/wix/2006/wi"> <Fragment> <UI> <Dialog Id="LicenseAgreementDialogOverwritten" Width="370" Height="270" Title="!(loc.LicenseAgreementDlg_Title)"> <Control Id="LicenseAcceptedOverwrittenCheckBox" Type="CheckBox" X="20" Y="207" Width="330" Height="18" CheckBoxValue="1" Property="LicenseAcceptedOverwritten" Text="!(loc.LicenseAgreementDlgLicenseAcceptedCheckBox)" /> <Control Id="Back" Type="PushButton" X="180" Y="243" Width="56" Height="17" Text="!(loc.WixUIBack)" /> <Control Id="Next" Type="PushButton" X="236" Y="243" Width="56" Height="17" Default="yes" Text="!(loc.WixUINext)"> <Publish Event="SpawnWaitDialog" Value="WaitForCostingDlg">CostingComplete = 1</Publish> <Condition Action="disable"> <![CDATA[ LicenseAcceptedOverwritten <> "1" ]]> </Condition> <Condition Action="enable">LicenseAcceptedOverwritten = "1"</Condition> </Control> <Control Id="Cancel" Type="PushButton" X="304" Y="243" Width="56" Height="17" Cancel="yes" Text="!(loc.WixUICancel)"> <Publish Event="SpawnDialog" Value="CancelDlg">1</Publish> </Control> <Control Id="BannerBitmap" Type="Bitmap" X="0" Y="0" Width="370" Height="44" TabSkip="no" Text="!(loc.LicenseAgreementDlgBannerBitmap)" /> <Control Id="LicenseText" Type="ScrollableText" X="20" Y="60" Width="330" Height="140" Sunken="yes" TabSkip="no"> <!-- This is original line --> <!--<Text SourceFile="!(wix.WixUILicenseRtf=$(var.LicenseRtf))" />--> <!-- To enable EULA localization we change it to this --> <Text SourceFile="$(var.ProjectDir)\!(loc.LicenseRtf)" /> <!-- In each of localization files (wxl) put line like this: <String Id="LicenseRtf" Overridable="yes">\Lang\en-us\EULA_en-us.rtf</String>--> </Control> <Control Id="Print" Type="PushButton" X="112" Y="243" Width="56" Height="17" Text="!(loc.WixUIPrint)"> <Publish Event="DoAction" Value="WixUIPrintEula">1</Publish> </Control> <Control Id="BannerLine" Type="Line" X="0" Y="44" Width="370" Height="0" /> <Control Id="BottomLine" Type="Line" X="0" Y="234" Width="370" Height="0" /> <Control Id="Description" Type="Text" X="25" Y="23" Width="340" Height="15" Transparent="yes" NoPrefix="yes" Text="!(loc.LicenseAgreementDlgDescription)" /> <Control Id="Title" Type="Text" X="15" Y="6" Width="200" Height="15" Transparent="yes" NoPrefix="yes" Text="!(loc.LicenseAgreementDlgTitle)" /> </Dialog> </UI> </Fragment></Wix>   Look at the Control with Id "LicenseText” and read the comments. We’ve changed the original license text source to "$(var.ProjectDir)\!(loc.LicenseRtf)". var.ProjectDir is the directory of the project file. The !(loc.LicenseRtf) is where the magic happens. Scroll up and take a look at the wxl localization file example. We have the LicenseRtf declared there and it’s been made overridable so developers can change it if they want. The value of the LicenseRtf is the path to our localized EULA relative to the WiX project directory. With little hacking we’ve achieved a fully localizable installer package.   The final step is to insert the extended LicenseAgreementDialogOverwritten license dialog into the installer GUI chain. This is how it’s done under the <UI> node of course.   <UI> <!-- code to be discussed in later posts –> <!-- BEGIN UI LOGIC FOR CLEAN INSTALLER --> <Publish Dialog="WelcomeDlg" Control="Next" Event="NewDialog" Value="LicenseAgreementDialogOverwritten">1</Publish> <Publish Dialog="LicenseAgreementDialogOverwritten" Control="Back" Event="NewDialog" Value="WelcomeDlg">1</Publish> <Publish Dialog="LicenseAgreementDialogOverwritten" Control="Next" Event="NewDialog" Value="ProductKeyCheckDialog">LicenseAcceptedOverwritten = "1" AND NOT OLDER_VERSION_FOUND</Publish> <Publish Dialog="InstallDirDlg" Control="Back" Event="NewDialog" Value="ProductKeyCheckDialog">1</Publish> <!-- END UI LOGIC FOR CLEAN INSTALLER –> <!-- code to be discussed in later posts --></UI> For a thing that should be simple for the end developer to do, localization can be a bit advanced for the novice WiXer. Hope this post makes the journey easier and that next versions of WiX improve this process. WiX 3 tutorial by Mladen Prajdic navigation WiX 3 Tutorial: Solution/Project structure and Dev resources WiX 3 Tutorial: Understanding main wxs and wxi file WiX 3 Tutorial: Generating file/directory fragments with Heat.exe  WiX 3 Tutorial: Custom EULA License and MSI localization WiX 3 Tutorial: Product Key Check custom action WiX 3 Tutorial: Building an updater WiX 3 Tutorial: Icons and installer pictures WiX 3 Tutorial: Creating a Bootstrapper

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  • Real Excel Templates I

    - by Tim Dexter
    As promised, I'm starting to document the new Excel templates that I teased you all with a few weeks back. Leslie is buried in 11g documentation and will not get to officially documenting the templates for a while. I'll do my best to be professional and not ramble on about this and that, although the weather here has finally turned and its 'scorchio' here in Colorado today. Maybe our stand of Aspen will finally come into leaf ... but I digress. Preamble These templates are not actually that new, I helped in a small way to develop them a few years back with Excel 'meistress' Shirley for a company that was trying to use the Report Manager(RR) Excel FSG outputs under EBS 12. The functionality they needed was just not there in the RR FSG templates, the templates are actually XSL that is created from the the RR Excel template builder and fed to BIP for processing. Think of Excel from our RTF templates and you'll be there ie not really Excel but HTML masquerading as Excel. Although still under controlled release in EBS they have now made their way to the standlone release and are willing to share their Excel goodness. You get everything you have with hte Excel Analyzer Excel templates plus so much more. Therein lies a question, what will happen to the Analyzer templates? My understanding is that both will come together into a single Excel template format some time in the post-11g release world. The new XLSX format for Exce 2007/10 is also in the mix too so watch this space. What more do these templates offer? Well, you can structure data in the Excel output. Similar to RTF templates you can create sheets of data that have master-detail n relationships. Although the analyzer templates can do this, you have to get into macros whereas BIP will do this all for you. You can also use native XSL functions in your data to manipulate it prior to rendering. BP functions are not currently supported. The most impressive, for me at least, is the sheet 'bursting'. You can split your hierarchical data across multiple sheets and dynamically name those sheets. Finally, you of course, still get all the native Excel functionality. Pre-reqs You must be on 10.1.3.4.1 plus the latest rollup patch, 9546699. You can patch upa BIP instance running with OBIEE, no problem You need Excel 2000 or above to build the templates Some patience - there is no Excel template builder for these new templates. So its all going to have to be done by hand. Its not that tough but can get a little 'fiddly'. You can not test the template from Excel , it has to be deployed and then run. Limitations The new templates are definitely superior to the Analyzer templates but there are a few limitations. Re-grouping is not supported. You can only follow a data hierarchy not bend it to your will unless you want to get into macros. No support for BIP functions. The templates support native XSL functions only. No template builder Getting Started The templates make the use of named cells and groups of cells to allow BIP to find the insertion point for data points. It also uses a hidden sheet to store calculation mappings from named cells to XML data elements. To start with, in the great BIP tradition, we need some sample XML data. Becasue I wanted to show the master-detail output we need some hierarchical data. If you have not yet gotten into the data templates, now is a good time, I wrote a post a while back starting from the simple to more complex. They generate ideal data sets for these templates. Im working with the following data set: <EMPLOYEES> <LIST_G_DEPT> <G_DEPT> <DEPARTMENT_ID>10</DEPARTMENT_ID> <DEPARTMENT_NAME>Administration</DEPARTMENT_NAME> <LIST_G_EMP> <G_EMP> <EMPLOYEE_ID>200</EMPLOYEE_ID> <EMP_NAME>Jennifer Whalen</EMP_NAME> <EMAIL>JWHALEN</EMAIL> <PHONE_NUMBER>515.123.4444</PHONE_NUMBER> <HIRE_DATE>1987-09-17T00:00:00.000-06:00</HIRE_DATE> <SALARY>4400</SALARY> </G_EMP> </LIST_G_EMP> <TOTAL_EMPS>1</TOTAL_EMPS> <TOTAL_SALARY>4400</TOTAL_SALARY> <AVG_SALARY>4400</AVG_SALARY> <MAX_SALARY>4400</MAX_SALARY> <MIN_SALARY>4400</MIN_SALARY> </G_DEPT> ... <LIST_G_DEPT> <EMPLOYEES> Simple enough to follow and bread and butter stuff for an RTF template. Building the Template For an Excel template we need to start by thinking about how we want to render the data. Come up with a sample output in Excel. Its all dummy data, nothing marked up yet with one row of data for each level. I have the department name and then a repeating row for the employees. You can apply Excel formatting to the layout. The total is going to be derived from a data element. We'll get to Excel functions later. Marking Up Cells Next we need to start marking up the cells with custom names to map them to data elements. The cell names need to follow a specific format: For data grouping, XDO_GROUP_?group_name? For data elements, XDO_?element_name? Notice the question mark delimter, the group_name and element_name are case sensitive. The next step is to find how to name cells; the easiest method is to highlight the cell and then type in the name. You can also find the Name Manager dialog. I use 2007 and its available on the ribbon under the Formulas section Go thorugh the process of naming all the cells for the element values you have. Using my data set from above.You should end up with something like this in your 'Name Manager' dialog. You can update any mistakes you might have made through this dialog. Creating Groups In the image above you can see there are a couple of named group cells. To create these its a simple case of highlighting the cells that make up the group and then naming them. For the EMP group, highlight the employee row and then type in the name, XDO_GROUP?G_EMP? Notice the 10,000 total is outside of the G_EMP group. Its actually named, XDO_?TOTAL_SALARY?, a query calculated value. For the department group, we need to include the department name cell and the sub EMP grouping and name it, XDO_GROUP?G_DEPT? Notice, the 10,000 total is included in the G_DEPT group. This will ensure it repeats at the department level. Lastly, we do need to include a special sheet in the workbook. We will not have anything meaningful in there for now, but it needs to be present. Create a new sheet and name it XDO_METADATA. The name is important as the BIP rendering engine will looking for it. For our current example we do not need anything other than the required stuff in our XDO_METADATA sheet but, it must be present. Easy enough to hide it. Here's what I have: The only cell that is important is the 'Data Constraints:' cell. The rest is optional. To save curious users getting distracted, hide the metadata sheet. Deploying & Running Templates We should now have a usable Excel template. Loading it into a report is easy enough using the browser UI, just like an RTF template. Set the template type to Excel. You will now be able to run the report and hopefully get something like this. You will not get the red highlighting, thats just some conditional formatting I added to the template using Excel functionality. Your dates are probably going to look raw too. I got around this for now using an Excel function on the cell: =--REPLACE(SUBSTITUTE(E8,"T"," "),LEN(E8)-6,6,"") Google to the rescue on that one. Try some other stuff out. To avoid constantly loading the template through the UI. If you have BIP running locally or you can access the reports repository, once you have loaded the template the first time. Just save the template directly into the report folder. I have put together a sample report using a sample data set, available here. Just drop the xml data file, EmpbyDeptExcelData.xml into 'demo files' folder and you should be good to go. Thats the basics, next we'll start using some XSL functions in the template and move onto the 'bursting' across sheets.

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  • Parallelism in .NET – Part 7, Some Differences between PLINQ and LINQ to Objects

    - by Reed
    In my previous post on Declarative Data Parallelism, I mentioned that PLINQ extends LINQ to Objects to support parallel operations.  Although nearly all of the same operations are supported, there are some differences between PLINQ and LINQ to Objects.  By introducing Parallelism to our declarative model, we add some extra complexity.  This, in turn, adds some extra requirements that must be addressed. In order to illustrate the main differences, and why they exist, let’s begin by discussing some differences in how the two technologies operate, and look at the underlying types involved in LINQ to Objects and PLINQ . LINQ to Objects is mainly built upon a single class: Enumerable.  The Enumerable class is a static class that defines a large set of extension methods, nearly all of which work upon an IEnumerable<T>.  Many of these methods return a new IEnumerable<T>, allowing the methods to be chained together into a fluent style interface.  This is what allows us to write statements that chain together, and lead to the nice declarative programming model of LINQ: double min = collection .Where(item => item.SomeProperty > 6 && item.SomeProperty < 24) .Min(item => item.PerformComputation()); .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } Other LINQ variants work in a similar fashion.  For example, most data-oriented LINQ providers are built upon an implementation of IQueryable<T>, which allows the database provider to turn a LINQ statement into an underlying SQL query, to be performed directly on the remote database. PLINQ is similar, but instead of being built upon the Enumerable class, most of PLINQ is built upon a new static class: ParallelEnumerable.  When using PLINQ, you typically begin with any collection which implements IEnumerable<T>, and convert it to a new type using an extension method defined on ParallelEnumerable: AsParallel().  This method takes any IEnumerable<T>, and converts it into a ParallelQuery<T>, the core class for PLINQ.  There is a similar ParallelQuery class for working with non-generic IEnumerable implementations. This brings us to our first subtle, but important difference between PLINQ and LINQ – PLINQ always works upon specific types, which must be explicitly created. Typically, the type you’ll use with PLINQ is ParallelQuery<T>, but it can sometimes be a ParallelQuery or an OrderedParallelQuery<T>.  Instead of dealing with an interface, implemented by an unknown class, we’re dealing with a specific class type.  This works seamlessly from a usage standpoint – ParallelQuery<T> implements IEnumerable<T>, so you can always “switch back” to an IEnumerable<T>.  The difference only arises at the beginning of our parallelization.  When we’re using LINQ, and we want to process a normal collection via PLINQ, we need to explicitly convert the collection into a ParallelQuery<T> by calling AsParallel().  There is an important consideration here – AsParallel() does not need to be called on your specific collection, but rather any IEnumerable<T>.  This allows you to place it anywhere in the chain of methods involved in a LINQ statement, not just at the beginning.  This can be useful if you have an operation which will not parallelize well or is not thread safe.  For example, the following is perfectly valid, and similar to our previous examples: double min = collection .AsParallel() .Select(item => item.SomeOperation()) .Where(item => item.SomeProperty > 6 && item.SomeProperty < 24) .Min(item => item.PerformComputation()); However, if SomeOperation() is not thread safe, we could just as easily do: double min = collection .Select(item => item.SomeOperation()) .AsParallel() .Where(item => item.SomeProperty > 6 && item.SomeProperty < 24) .Min(item => item.PerformComputation()); In this case, we’re using standard LINQ to Objects for the Select(…) method, then converting the results of that map routine to a ParallelQuery<T>, and processing our filter (the Where method) and our aggregation (the Min method) in parallel. PLINQ also provides us with a way to convert a ParallelQuery<T> back into a standard IEnumerable<T>, forcing sequential processing via standard LINQ to Objects.  If SomeOperation() was thread-safe, but PerformComputation() was not thread-safe, we would need to handle this by using the AsEnumerable() method: double min = collection .AsParallel() .Select(item => item.SomeOperation()) .Where(item => item.SomeProperty > 6 && item.SomeProperty < 24) .AsEnumerable() .Min(item => item.PerformComputation()); Here, we’re converting our collection into a ParallelQuery<T>, doing our map operation (the Select(…) method) and our filtering in parallel, then converting the collection back into a standard IEnumerable<T>, which causes our aggregation via Min() to be performed sequentially. This could also be written as two statements, as well, which would allow us to use the language integrated syntax for the first portion: var tempCollection = from item in collection.AsParallel() let e = item.SomeOperation() where (e.SomeProperty > 6 && e.SomeProperty < 24) select e; double min = tempCollection.AsEnumerable().Min(item => item.PerformComputation()); This allows us to use the standard LINQ style language integrated query syntax, but control whether it’s performed in parallel or serial by adding AsParallel() and AsEnumerable() appropriately. The second important difference between PLINQ and LINQ deals with order preservation.  PLINQ, by default, does not preserve the order of of source collection. This is by design.  In order to process a collection in parallel, the system needs to naturally deal with multiple elements at the same time.  Maintaining the original ordering of the sequence adds overhead, which is, in many cases, unnecessary.  Therefore, by default, the system is allowed to completely change the order of your sequence during processing.  If you are doing a standard query operation, this is usually not an issue.  However, there are times when keeping a specific ordering in place is important.  If this is required, you can explicitly request the ordering be preserved throughout all operations done on a ParallelQuery<T> by using the AsOrdered() extension method.  This will cause our sequence ordering to be preserved. For example, suppose we wanted to take a collection, perform an expensive operation which converts it to a new type, and display the first 100 elements.  In LINQ to Objects, our code might look something like: // Using IEnumerable<SourceClass> collection IEnumerable<ResultClass> results = collection .Select(e => e.CreateResult()) .Take(100); If we just converted this to a parallel query naively, like so: IEnumerable<ResultClass> results = collection .AsParallel() .Select(e => e.CreateResult()) .Take(100); We could very easily get a very different, and non-reproducable, set of results, since the ordering of elements in the input collection is not preserved.  To get the same results as our original query, we need to use: IEnumerable<ResultClass> results = collection .AsParallel() .AsOrdered() .Select(e => e.CreateResult()) .Take(100); This requests that PLINQ process our sequence in a way that verifies that our resulting collection is ordered as if it were processed serially.  This will cause our query to run slower, since there is overhead involved in maintaining the ordering.  However, in this case, it is required, since the ordering is required for correctness. PLINQ is incredibly useful.  It allows us to easily take nearly any LINQ to Objects query and run it in parallel, using the same methods and syntax we’ve used previously.  There are some important differences in operation that must be considered, however – it is not a free pass to parallelize everything.  When using PLINQ in order to parallelize your routines declaratively, the same guideline I mentioned before still applies: Parallelization is something that should be handled with care and forethought, added by design, and not just introduced casually.

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  • Mapping UrlEncoded POST Values in ASP.NET Web API

    - by Rick Strahl
    If there's one thing that's a bit unexpected in ASP.NET Web API, it's the limited support for mapping url encoded POST data values to simple parameters of ApiController methods. When I first looked at this I thought I was doing something wrong, because it seems mighty odd that you can bind query string values to parameters by name, but can't bind POST values to parameters in the same way. To demonstrate here's a simple example. If you have a Web API method like this:[HttpGet] public HttpResponseMessage Authenticate(string username, string password) { …} and then hit with a URL like this: http://localhost:88/samples/authenticate?Username=ricks&Password=sekrit it works just fine. The query string values are mapped to the username and password parameters of our API method. But if you now change the method to work with [HttpPost] instead like this:[HttpPost] public HttpResponseMessage Authenticate(string username, string password) { …} and hit it with a POST HTTP Request like this: POST http://localhost:88/samples/authenticate HTTP/1.1 Host: localhost:88 Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8 Content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded Content-Length: 30 Username=ricks&Password=sekrit you'll find that while the request works, it doesn't actually receive the two string parameters. The username and password parameters are null and so the method is definitely going to fail. When I mentioned this over Twitter a few days ago I got a lot of responses back of why I'd want to do this in the first place - after all HTML Form submissions are the domain of MVC and not WebAPI which is a valid point. However, the more common use case is using POST Variables with AJAX calls. The following is quite common for passing simple values:$.post(url,{ Username: "Rick", Password: "sekrit" },function(result) {…}); but alas that doesn't work. How ASP.NET Web API handles Content Bodies Web API supports parsing content data in a variety of ways, but it does not deal with multiple posted content values. In effect you can only post a single content value to a Web API Action method. That one parameter can be very complex and you can bind it in a variety of ways, but ultimately you're tied to a single POST content value in your parameter definition. While it's possible to support multiple parameters on a POST/PUT operation, only one parameter can be mapped to the actual content - the rest have to be mapped to route values or the query string. Web API treats the whole request body as one big chunk of data that is sent to a Media Type Formatter that's responsible for de-serializing the content into whatever value the method requires. The restriction comes from async nature of Web API where the request data is read only once inside of the formatter that retrieves and deserializes it. Because it's read once, checking for content (like individual POST variables) first is not possible. However, Web API does provide a couple of ways to access the form POST data: Model Binding - object property mapping to bind POST values FormDataCollection - collection of POST keys/values ModelBinding POST Values - Binding POST data to Object Properties The recommended way to handle POST values in Web API is to use Model Binding, which maps individual urlencoded POST values to properties of a model object provided as the parameter. Model binding requires a single object as input to be bound to the POST data, with each POST key that matches a property name (including nested properties like Address.Street) being mapped and updated including automatic type conversion of simple types. This is a very nice feature - and a familiar one from MVC - that makes it very easy to have model objects mapped directly from inbound data. The obvious drawback with Model Binding is that you need a model for it to work: You have to provide a strongly typed object that can receive the data and this object has to map the inbound data. To rewrite the example above to use ModelBinding I have to create a class maps the properties that I need as parameters:public class LoginData { public string Username { get; set; } public string Password { get; set; } } and then accept the data like this in the API method:[HttpPost] public HttpResponseMessage Authenticate(LoginData login) { string username = login.Username; string password = login.Password; … } This works fine mapping the POST values to the properties of the login object. As a side benefit of this method definition, the method now also allows posting of JSON or XML to the same endpoint. If I change my request to send JSON like this: POST http://localhost:88/samples/authenticate HTTP/1.1 Host: localhost:88 Accept: application/jsonContent-type: application/json Content-Length: 40 {"Username":"ricks","Password":"sekrit"} it works as well and transparently, courtesy of the nice Content Negotiation features of Web API. There's nothing wrong with using Model binding and in fact it's a common practice to use (view) model object for inputs coming back from the client and mapping them into these models. But it can be  kind of a hassle if you have AJAX applications with a ton of backend hits, especially if many methods are very atomic and focused and don't effectively require a model or view. Not always do you have to pass structured data, but sometimes there are just a couple of simple response values that need to be sent back. If all you need is to pass a couple operational parameters, creating a view model object just for parameter purposes seems like overkill. Maybe you can use the query string instead (if that makes sense), but if you can't then you can often end up with a plethora of 'message objects' that serve no further  purpose than to make Model Binding work. Note that you can accept multiple parameters with ModelBinding so the following would still work:[HttpPost] public HttpResponseMessage Authenticate(LoginData login, string loginDomain) but only the object will be bound to POST data. As long as loginDomain comes from the querystring or route data this will work. Collecting POST values with FormDataCollection Another more dynamic approach to handle POST values is to collect POST data into a FormDataCollection. FormDataCollection is a very basic key/value collection (like FormCollection in MVC and Request.Form in ASP.NET in general) and then read the values out individually by querying each. [HttpPost] public HttpResponseMessage Authenticate(FormDataCollection form) { var username = form.Get("Username"); var password = form.Get("Password"); …} The downside to this approach is that it's not strongly typed, you have to handle type conversions on non-string parameters, and it gets a bit more complicated to test such as setup as you have to seed a FormDataCollection with data. On the other hand it's flexible and easy to use and especially with string parameters is easy to deal with. It's also dynamic, so if the client sends you a variety of combinations of values on which you make operating decisions, this is much easier to work with than a strongly typed object that would have to account for all possible values up front. The downside is that the code looks old school and isn't as self-documenting as a parameter list or object parameter would be. Nevertheless it's totally functionality and a viable choice for collecting POST values. What about [FromBody]? Web API also has a [FromBody] attribute that can be assigned to parameters. If you have multiple parameters on a Web API method signature you can use [FromBody] to specify which one will be parsed from the POST content. Unfortunately it's not terribly useful as it only returns content in raw format and requires a totally non-standard format ("=content") to specify your content. For more info in how FromBody works and several related issues to how POST data is mapped, you can check out Mike Stalls post: How WebAPI does Parameter Binding Not really sure where the Web API team thought [FromBody] would really be a good fit other than a down and dirty way to send a full string buffer. Extending Web API to make multiple POST Vars work? Don't think so Clearly there's no native support for multiple POST variables being mapped to parameters, which is a bit of a bummer. I know in my own work on one project my customer actually found this to be a real sticking point in their AJAX backend work, and we ended up not using Web API and using MVC JSON features instead. That's kind of sad because Web API is supposed to be the proper solution for AJAX backends. With all of ASP.NET Web API's extensibility you'd think there would be some way to build this functionality on our own, but after spending a bit of time digging and asking some of the experts from the team and Web API community I didn't hear anything that even suggests that this is possible. From what I could find I'd say it's not possible primarily because Web API's Routing engine does not account for the POST variable mapping. This means [HttpPost] methods with url encoded POST buffers are not mapped to the parameters of the endpoint, and so the routes would never even trigger a request that could be intercepted. Once the routing doesn't work there's not much that can be done. If somebody has an idea how this could be accomplished I would love to hear about it. Do we really need multi-value POST mapping? I think that that POST value mapping is a feature that one would expect of any API tool to have. If you look at common APIs out there like Flicker and Google Maps etc. they all work with POST data. POST data is very prominent much more so than JSON inputs and so supporting as many options that enable would seem to be crucial. All that aside, Web API does provide very nice features with Model Binding that allows you to capture many POST variables easily enough, and logistically this will let you build whatever you need with POST data of all shapes as long as you map objects. But having to have an object for every operation that receives a data input is going to take its toll in heavy AJAX applications, with a lot of types created that do nothing more than act as parameter containers. I also think that POST variable mapping is an expected behavior and Web APIs non-support will likely result in many, many questions like this one: How do I bind a simple POST value in ASP.NET WebAPI RC? with no clear answer to this question. I hope for V.next of WebAPI Microsoft will consider this a feature that's worth adding. Related Articles Passing multiple POST parameters to Web API Controller Methods Mike Stall's post: How Web API does Parameter Binding Where does ASP.NET Web API Fit?© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2012Posted in Web Api   Tweet !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs"); (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

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  • SQL Server and Hyper-V Dynamic Memory Part 2

    - by SQLOS Team
    Part 1 of this series was an introduction and overview of Hyper-V Dynamic Memory. This part looks at SQL Server memory management and how the SQL engine responds to changing OS memory conditions.   Part 2: SQL Server Memory Management As with any Windows process, sqlserver.exe has a virtual address space (VAS) of 4GB on 32-bit and 8TB in 64-bit editions. Pages in its VAS are mapped to pages in physical memory when the memory is committed and referenced for the first time. The collection of VAS pages that have been recently referenced is known as the Working Set. How and when SQL Server allocates virtual memory and grows its working set depends on the memory model it uses. SQL Server supports three basic memory models:   1. Conventional Memory Model   The Conventional model is the default SQL Server memory model and has the following properties: - Dynamic - can grow or shrink its working set in response to load and external (operating system) memory conditions. - OS uses 4K pages – (not to be confused with SQL Server “pages” which are 8K regions of committed memory).- Pageable - Can be paged out to disk by the operating system.   2. Locked Page Model The locked page memory model is set when SQL Server is started with "Lock Pages in Memory" privilege*. It has the following characteristics: - Dynamic - can grow or shrink its working set in the same way as the Conventional model.- OS uses 4K pages - Non-Pageable – When memory is committed it is locked in memory, meaning that it will remain backed by physical memory and will not be paged out by the operating system. A common misconception is to interpret "locked" as non-dynamic. A SQL Server instance using the locked page memory model will grow and shrink (allocate memory and release memory) in response to changing workload and OS memory conditions in the same way as it does with the conventional model.   This is an important consideration when we look at Hyper-V Dynamic Memory – “locked” memory works perfectly well with “dynamic” memory.   * Note in “Denali” (Standard Edition and above), and in SQL 2008 R2 64-bit (Enterprise and above editions) the Lock Pages in Memory privilege is all that is required to set this model. In 2008 R2 64-Bit standard edition it also requires trace flag 845 to be set, in 2008 R2 32-bit editions it requires sp_configure 'awe enabled' 1.   3. Large Page Model The Large page model is set using trace flag 834 and potentially offers a small performance boost for systems that are configured with large pages. It is characterized by: - Static - memory is allocated at startup and does not change. - OS uses large (>2MB) pages - Non-Pageable The large page model is supported with Hyper-V Dynamic Memory (and Hyper-V also supports large pages), but you get no benefit from using Dynamic Memory with this model since SQL Server memory does not grow or shrink. The rest of this article will focus on the locked and conventional SQL Server memory models.   When does SQL Server grow? For “dynamic” configurations (Conventional and Locked memory models), the sqlservr.exe process grows – allocates and commits memory from the OS – in response to a workload. As much memory is allocated as is required to optimally run the query and buffer data for future queries, subject to limitations imposed by:   - SQL Server max server memory setting. If this configuration option is set, the buffer pool is not allowed to grow to more than this value. In SQL Server 2008 this value represents single page allocations, and in “Denali” it represents any size page allocations and also managed CLR procedure allocations.   - Memory signals from OS. The operating system sets a signal on memory resource notification objects to indicate whether it has memory available or whether it is low on available memory. If there is only 32MB free for every 4GB of memory a low memory signal is set, which continues until 64MB/4GB is free. If there is 96MB/4GB free the operating system sets a high memory signal. SQL Server only allocates memory when the high memory signal is set.   To summarize, for SQL Server to grow you need three conditions: a workload, max server memory setting higher than the current allocation, high memory signals from the OS.    When does SQL Server shrink caches? SQL Server as a rule does not like to return memory to the OS, but it will shrink its caches in response to memory pressure. Memory pressure can be divided into “internal” and “external”.   - External memory pressure occurs when the operating system is running low on memory and low memory signals are set. The SQL Server Resource Monitor checks for low memory signals approximately every 5 seconds and it will attempt to free memory until the signals stop.   To free memory SQL Server does the following: ·         Frees unused memory. ·         Notifies Memory Manager Clients to release memory o   Caches – Free unreferenced cache objects. o   Buffer pool - Based on oldest access times.   The freed memory is released back to the operating system. This process continues until the low memory resource notifications stop.    - Internal memory pressure occurs when the size of different caches and allocations increase but the SQL Server process needs to keep its total memory within a target value. For example if max server memory is set and certain caches are growing large, it will cause SQL to free memory for re-use internally, but not to release memory back to the OS. If you lower the value of max server memory you will generate internal memory pressure that will cause SQL to release memory back to the OS.    Memory pressure handling has not changed much since SQL 2005 and it was described in detail in a blog post by Slava Oks.   Note that SQL Server Express is an exception to the above behavior. Unlike other editions it does not assume it is the most important process running on the system but tries to be more “desktop” friendly. It will empty its working set after a period of inactivity.   How does SQL Server respond to changing OS memory?    In SQL Server 2005 support for Hot-Add memory was introduced. This feature, available in Enterprise and above editions, allows the server to make use of any extra physical memory that was added after SQL Server started. Being able to add physical memory when the system is running is limited to specialized hardware, but with the Hyper-V Dynamic Memory feature, when new memory is allocated to a guest virtual machine, it looks like hot-add physical memory to the guest. What this means is that thanks to the hot-add memory feature, SQL Server 2005 and higher can dynamically grow if more “physical” memory is granted to a guest VM by Hyper-V dynamic memory.   SQL Server checks OS memory every second and dynamically adjusts its “target” (based on available OS memory and max server memory) accordingly.   In “Denali” Standard Edition will also have sqlserver.exe support for hot-add memory when running virtualized (i.e. detecting and acting on Hyper-V Dynamic Memory allocations).   How does a SQL Server workload in a guest VM impact Hyper-V dynamic memory scheduling?   When a SQL workload causes the sqlserver.exe process to grow its working set, the Hyper-V memory scheduler will detect memory pressure in the guest VM and add memory to it. SQL Server will then detect the extra memory and grow according to workload demand. In our tests we have seen this feedback process cause a guest VM to grow quickly in response to SQL workload - we are still working on characterizing this ramp-up.    How does SQL Server respond when Hyper-V removes memory from a guest VM through ballooning?   If pressure from other VM's cause Hyper-V Dynamic Memory to take memory away from a VM through ballooning (allocating memory with a virtual device driver and returning it to the host OS), Windows Memory Manager will page out unlocked portions of memory and signal low resource notification events. When SQL Server detects these events it will shrink memory until the low memory notifications stop (see cache shrinking description above).    This raises another question. Can we make SQL Server release memory more readily and hence behave more "dynamically" without compromising performance? In certain circumstances where the application workload is predictable it may be possible to have a job which varies "max server memory" according to need, lowering it when the engine is inactive and raising it before a period of activity. This would have limited applicaability but it is something we're looking into.   What Memory Management changes are there in SQL Server “Denali”?   In SQL Server “Denali” (aka SQL11) the Memory Manager has been re-written to be more efficient. The main changes are summarized in this post. An important change with respect to Hyper-V Dynamic Memory support is that now the max server memory setting includes any size page allocations and managed CLR procedure allocations it now represents a closer approximation to total sqlserver.exe memory usage. This makes it easier to calculate a value for max server memory, which becomes important when configuring virtual machines to work well with Hyper-V Dynamic Memory Startup and Maximum RAM settings.   Another important change is no more AWE or hot-add support for 32-bit edition. This means if you're running a 32-bit edition of Denali you're limited to a 4GB address space and will not be able to take advantage of dynamically added OS memory that wasn't present when SQL Server started (though Hyper-V Dynamic Memory is still a supported configuration).   In part 3 we’ll develop some best practices for configuring and using SQL Server with Dynamic Memory. Originally posted at http://blogs.msdn.com/b/sqlosteam/

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  • What You Need to Know About Windows 8.1

    - by Chris Hoffman
    Windows 8.1 is available to everyone starting today, October 19. The latest version of Windows improves on Windows 8 in every way. It’s a big upgrade, whether you use the desktop or new touch-optimized interface. The latest version of Windows has been dubbed “an apology” by some — it’s definitely more at home on a desktop PC than Windows 8 was. However, it also offers a more fleshed out and mature tablet experience. How to Get Windows 8.1 For Windows 8 users, Windows 8.1 is completely free. It will be available as a download from the Windows Store — that’s the “Store” app in the Modern, tiled interface. Assuming upgrading to the final version will be just like upgrading to the preview version, you’ll likely see a “Get Windows 8.1″ pop-up that will take you to the Windows Store and guide you through the download process. You’ll also be able to download ISO images of Windows 8.1, so can perform a clean install to upgrade. On any new computer, you can just install Windows 8.1 without going through Windows 8. New computers will start to ship with Windows 8.1 and boxed copies of Windows 8 will be replaced by boxed copies of Windows 8.1. If you’re using Windows 7 or a previous version of Windows, the update won’t be free. Getting Windows 8.1 will cost you the same amount as a full copy of Windows 8 — $120 for the standard version. If you’re an average Windows 7 user, you’re likely better off waiting until you buy a new PC with Windows 8.1 included rather than spend this amount of money to upgrade. Improvements for Desktop Users Some have dubbed Windows 8.1 “an apology” from Microsoft, although you certainly won’t see Microsoft referring to it this way. Either way, Steven Sinofsky, who presided over Windows 8′s development, left the company shortly after Windows 8 was released. Coincidentally, Windows 8.1 contains many features that Steven Sinofsky and Microsoft refused to implement. Windows 8.1 offers the following big improvements for desktop users: Boot to Desktop: You can now log in directly to the desktop, skipping the tiled interface entirely. Disable Top-Left and Top-Right Hot Corners: The app switcher and charms bar won’t appear when you move your mouse to the top-left or top-right corners of the screen if you enable this option. No more intrusions into the desktop. The Start Button Returns: Windows 8.1 brings back an always-present Start button on the desktop taskbar, dramatically improving discoverability for new Windows 8 users and providing a bigger mouse target for remote desktops and virtual machines. Crucially, the Start menu isn’t back — clicking this button will open the full-screen Modern interface. Start menu replacements will continue to function on Windows 8.1, offering more traditional Start menus. Show All Apps By Default: Luckily, you can hide the Start screen and its tiles almost entirely. Windows 8.1 can be configured to show a full-screen list of all your installed apps when you click the Start button, with desktop apps prioritized. The only real difference is that the Start menu is now a full-screen interface. Shut Down or Restart From Start Button: You can now right-click the Start button to access Shut down, Restart, and other power options in just as many clicks as you could on Windows 7. Shared Start Screen and Desktop Backgrounds; Windows 8 limited you to just a few Steven Sinofsky-approved background images for your Start screen, but Windows 8.1 allows you to use your desktop background on the Start screen. This can make the transition between the Start screen and desktop much less jarring. The tiles or shortcuts appear to be floating above the desktop rather than off in their own separate universe. Unified Search: Unified search is back, so you can start typing and search your programs, settings, and files all at once — no more awkwardly clicking between different categories when trying to open a Control Panel screen or search for a file. These all add up to a big improvement when using Windows 8.1 on the desktop. Microsoft is being much more flexible — the Start menu is full screen, but Microsoft has relented on so many other things and you’d never have to see a tile if you didn’t want to. For more information, read our guide to optimizing Windows 8.1 for a desktop PC. These are just the improvements specifically for desktop users. Windows 8.1 includes other useful features for everyone, such as deep SkyDrive integration that allows you to store your files in the cloud without installing any additional sync programs. Improvements for Touch Users If you have a Windows 8 or Windows RT tablet or another touch-based device you use the interface formerly known as Metro on, you’ll see many other noticeable improvements. Windows 8′s new interface was half-baked when it launched, but it’s now much more capable and mature. App Updates: Windows 8′s included apps were extremely limited in many cases. For example, Internet Explorer 10 could only display ten tabs at a time and the Mail app was a barren experience devoid of features. In Windows 8.1, some apps — like Xbox Music — have been redesigned from scratch, Internet Explorer allows you to display a tab bar on-screen all the time, while apps like Mail have accumulated quite a few useful features. The Windows Store app has been entirely redesigned and is less awkward to browse. Snap Improvements: Windows 8′s Snap feature was a toy, allowing you to snap one app to a small sidebar at one side of your screen while another app consumed most of your screen. Windows 8.1 allows you to snap two apps side-by-side, seeing each app’s full interface at once. On larger displays, you can even snap three or four apps at once. Windows 8′s ability to use multiple apps at once on a tablet is compelling and unmatched by iPads and Android tablets. You can also snap two of the same apps side-by-side — to view two web pages at once, for example. More Comprehensive PC Settings: Windows 8.1 offers a more comprehensive PC settings app, allowing you to change most system settings in a touch-optimized interface. You shouldn’t have to use the desktop Control Panel on a tablet anymore — or at least not as often. Touch-Optimized File Browsing: Microsoft’s SkyDrive app allows you to browse files on your local PC, finally offering a built-in, touch-optimized way to manage files without using the desktop. Help & Tips: Windows 8.1 includes a Help+Tips app that will help guide new users through its new interface, something Microsoft stubbornly refused to add during development. There’s still no “Modern” version of Microsoft Office apps (aside from OneNote), so you’ll still have to head to use desktop Office apps on tablets. It’s not perfect, but the Modern interface doesn’t feel anywhere near as immature anymore. Read our in-depth look at the ways Microsoft’s Modern interface, formerly known as Metro, is improved in Windows 8.1 for more information. In summary, Windows 8.1 is what Windows 8 should have been. All of these improvements are on top of the many great desktop features, security improvements, and all-around battery life and performance optimizations that appeared in Windows 8. If you’re still using Windows 7 and are happy with it, there’s probably no reason to race out and buy a copy of Windows 8.1 at the rather high price of $120. But, if you’re using Windows 8, it’s a big upgrade no matter what you’re doing. If you buy a new PC and it comes with Windows 8.1, you’re getting a much more flexible and comfortable experience. If you’re holding off on buying a new computer because you don’t want Windows 8, give Windows 8.1 a try — yes, it’s different, but Microsoft has compromised on the desktop while making a lot of improvements to the new interface. You just might find that Windows 8.1 is now a worthwhile upgrade, even if you only want to use the desktop.     

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