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  • Merge decorator function as class

    - by SyetemHog
    How to make this merge function as class decorator? def merge(*arg, **kwarg): # get decorator args & kwargs def func(f): def tmp(*args, **kwargs): # get function args & kwargs kwargs.update(kwarg) # merge two dictionaries return f(*args, **kwargs) # return merged data return tmp return func Usage: @other_decorator # return *args and **kwarg @merge(list=['one','two','three']) # need to merge with @other_decorator def test(*a, **k): # get merged args and kwargs print 'args:', a print 'kwargs:', k

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  • How can I pass a hash to a Perl subroutine?

    - by Vishalrix
    In one of my main( or primary) routines,I have two or more hashes. I want the subroutine foo() to recieve these possibly-multiple hashes as distinct hashes. Right now I have no preference if they go by value, or as references. I am struggling with this for the last many hours and would appreciate help, so that I dont have to leave perl for php! ( I am using mod_perl, or will be) Right now I have got some answer to my requirement, shown here From http://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic-t-803720-start-0.html # sub: dump the hash values with the keys '1' and '3' sub dumpvals { foreach $h (@_) { print "1: $h->{1} 3: $h->{3}\n"; } } # initialize an array of anonymous hash references @arr = ({1,2,3,4}, {1,7,3,8}); # create a new hash and add the reference to the array $t{1} = 5; $t{3} = 6; push @arr, \%t; # call the sub dumpvals(@arr); I only want to extend it so that in dumpvals I could do something like this: foreach my %k ( keys @_[0]) { # use $k and @_[0], and others } The syntax is wrong, but I suppose you can tell that I am trying to get the keys of the first hash ( hash1 or h1), and iterate over them. How to do it in the latter code snippet above?

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  • Building argv and argc

    - by Wylie Coyote SG.
    I'm a student programmer using Qt to build a GUI application for work. The primary purpose of this application is to open some of our old style files, allows better editing and then save the file in a new format and file extension. Recently I have been asked to allow this conversion to take place from a terminal. While I do know what argv and argc are along with what they represent I am unsure how to accomplish what they want. For instance how to handle relative paths vs. absolute... maybe how to get absolute from relative; perhaps none of that is even needed. My programming experience has been primarily with guis so this is a little new to me. Users would like the following to be ran from the terminal application -o /fileLocation /fileDestination template(to determine new format) I began to use for loops and if statements to begin accomplishing this when I relized that I might be taking the worng approach to all of this. I WOULD ALSO BE REALLY INTERESTED IF QT HAS SOMETHING FOR THIS! Here is what I have began coming up with: int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { if(argc > 1) { for(int i = 0; i < argc; i++) { if(argv[i] == "-c") { QString fileName = QString::fromStdString(argv[i+1]); QString fileDestination = QString::fromStdString(argv[i+2]); QString templateName = QString::fromStdString(argv[i+3]); QFile fileToConvert(fileName); if(fileToConvert.open(QFile::ReadOnly)) { //do stuff Thanks for reading my post and a big thanks for any contributions you make to helping me overcome this issue.

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  • How does * work in Python

    - by Deqing
    Just switched from C++ to Python, and found that sometimes it is a little hard to understand ideas behind Python. I guess, a variable is a reference to the real object. For example, a=(1,2,5) meaning a - (1,2,5), so if b=a, then b and a are 2 references pointing to the same (1,2,5). It is a little like pointers in C/C++. If I have: def foo(a,b,c): print a,b,c a=(1,3,5) foo(*a) What does * mean here? Looks like it expands tuple a to a[0], a[1] and a[2]. But why print(*a) is not working while print(a[0],a[1],a[2]) works fine?

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  • Arguments? Path filing wrong? [on hold]

    - by user3034947
    I'm working through the Java SE 7 programming activity and I'm having trouble sort of understanding how arguments work. Here's the code: public class CopyFileTree implements FileVisitor<Path> { private Path source; private Path target; public CopyFileTree(Path source, Path target) { this.source = source; this.target = target; } @Override public FileVisitResult preVisitDirectory(Path dir, BasicFileAttributes attrs) { // Your code goes here Path newdir = target.resolve(source.relativize(dir)); try { Files.copy(dir, newdir); } catch (FileAlreadyExistsException x) { // ignore } catch (IOException x) { System.err.format("Unable to create: %s: %s%n", newdir, x); return SKIP_SUBTREE; } return CONTINUE; } @Override public FileVisitResult visitFile(Path file, BasicFileAttributes attrs ) { // Your code goes here Path newdir = target.resolve(source.relativize(file)); try { Files.copy(file, newdir, REPLACE_EXISTING); } catch (IOException x) { System.err.format("Unable to copy: %s: %s%n", source, x); } return CONTINUE; } @Override public FileVisitResult postVisitDirectory(Path dir, IOException exc ) { return CONTINUE; } @Override public FileVisitResult visitFileFailed(Path file, IOException exc ) { if (exc instanceof FileSystemLoopException) { System.err.println("cycle detected: " + file); } else { System.err.format("Unable to copy: %s: %s%n", file, exc); } return CONTINUE; } } It says to test this I need to enter arguments in properties of the project which I did? Can someone clarity what I'm doing wrong?

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  • How are the conceptual pairs Abstract/Concrete, Generic/Specific, and Complex/Simple related to one another in software architecture?

    - by tjb1982
    (= 2 (+ 1 1)) take the above. The requirement of the '=' predicate is that its arguments be comparable. Any two structures are comparable in this case, and so the contract/requirement is pretty generic. The '+' predicate requires that its arguments be numbers. That's more specific. (socket domain type protocol) the arguments here are much more specific (even though the arguments are still just numbers and the function itself returns a file descriptor, which is itself an int), but the arguments are more abstract, and the implementation is built up from other functions whose abstractions are less abstract, which are themselves built from less and less abstract abstractions. To the point where the requirements are something like move from one location to another, observe whether the switch at that location is on or off, turn the switch on or off, or leave it the same, etc. But are functions also less and less complex the less abstract they are? And is there a relationship between the number and range of arguments of a function and the complexity of its implementation, as you go from more abstract to less abstract, and vice versa? (= 2 (+ 1 1) 2r10) the '=' predicate is more generic than the '+' predicate, and thus could be more complex in its implementation. The '+' predicate's contract is less generic, and so could be less complex in its implementation. Is this even a little correct? What about the 'socket' function? Each of those arguments is a number of some kind. What they represent, though, is something more elaborate. It also returns a number (just like the others do), which is also a representation of something conceptually much more elaborate than a number. To boil it down, I'm asking if there is a relationship between the following dimensions, and why: Abstract/Concrete Complex/Simple Generic/Specific And more specifically, do different configurations of these dimensions have a specific, measurable impact on the number and range of the arguments (i.e., the contract) of a function?

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  • What are the arguments against parsing the Cthulhu way?

    - by smarmy53
    I have been assigned the task of implementing a Domain Specific Language for a tool that may become quite important for the company. The language is simple but not trivial, it already allows nested loops, string concatenation, etc. and it is practically sure that other constructs will be added as the project advances. I know by experience that writing a lexer/parser by hand -unless the grammar is trivial- is a time consuming and error prone process. So I was left with two options: a parser generator à la yacc or a combinator library like Parsec. The former was good as well but I picked the latter for various reasons, and implemented the solution in a functional language. The result is pretty spectacular to my eyes, the code is very concise, elegant and readable/fluent. I concede it may look a bit weird if you never programmed in anything other than java/c#, but then this would be true of anything not written in java/c#. At some point however, I've been literally attacked by a co-worker. After a quick glance at my screen he declared that the code is uncomprehensible and that I should not reinvent parsing but just use a stack and String.Split like everybody does. He made a lot of noise, and I could not convince him, partially because I've been taken by surprise and had no clear explanation, partially because his opinion was immutable (no pun intended). I even offered to explain him the language, but to no avail. I'm positive the discussion is going to re-surface in front of management, so I'm preparing some solid arguments. These are the first few reasons that come to my mind to avoid a String.Split-based solution: you need lot of ifs to handle special cases and things quickly spiral out of control lots of hardcoded array indexes makes maintenance painful extremely difficult to handle things like a function call as a method argument (ex. add( (add a, b), c) very difficult to provide meaningful error messages in case of syntax errors (very likely to happen) I'm all for simplicity, clarity and avoiding unnecessary smart-cryptic stuff, but I also believe it's a mistake to dumb down every part of the codebase so that even a burger flipper can understand it. It's the same argument I hear for not using interfaces, not adopting separation of concerns, copying-pasting code around, etc. A minimum of technical competence and willingness to learn is required to work on a software project after all. (I won't use this argument as it will probably sound offensive, and starting a war is not going to help anybody) What are your favorite arguments against parsing the Cthulhu way?* *of course if you can convince me he's right I'll be perfectly happy as well

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  • What arguments can I use to "sell" the BDD concept to a team reluctant to adopt it?

    - by S.Robins
    I am a bit of a vocal proponent of the BDD methodology. I've been applying BDD for a couple of years now, and have adopted StoryQ as my framework of choice when developing DotNet applications. Even though I have been unit testing for many years, and had previously shifted to a test-first approach, I've found that I get much more value out of using a BDD framework, because my tests capture the intent of the requirements in relatively clear English within my code, and because my tests can execute multiple assertions without ending the test halfway through - meaning I can see which specific assertions pass/fail at a glance without debugging to prove it. This has really been the tip of the iceberg for me, as I've also noticed that I am able to debug both test and implementation code in a more targeted manner, with the result that my productivity has grown significantly, and that I can more easily determine where a failure occurs if a problem happens to make it all the way to the integration build due to the output that makes its way into the build logs. Further, the StoryQ api has a lovely fluent syntax that is easy to learn and which can be applied in an extraordinary number of ways, requiring no external dependencies in order to use it. So with all of these benefits, you would think it an easy to introduce the concept to the rest of the team. Unfortunately, the other team members are reluctant to even look at StoryQ to evaluate it properly (let alone entertain the idea of applying BDD), and have convinced each other to try and remove a number of StoryQ elements from our own core testing framework, even though they originally supported the use of StoryQ, and that it doesn't impact on any other part of our testing system. Doing so would end up increasing my workload significantly overall and really goes against the grain, as I am convinced through practical experience that it is a better way to work in a test-first manner in our particular working environment, and can only lead to greater improvements in the quality of our software, given I've found it easier to stick with test first using BDD. So the question really comes down to the following: What arguments can I use to really drive the point home that it would be better to use StoryQ, or at the very least apply the BDD methodology? Can you point me to any anecdotal evidence that I can use to support my argument to adopt BDD as our standard method of choice? What counter arguments can you think of that could suggest that my wish to convert the team efforts to BDD might be in error? Yes, I'm happy to be proven wrong provided the argument is a sound one. NOTE: I am not advocating that we rewrite our tests in their entirety, but rather to simply start working in a different manner for all future testing work.

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  • Is there any reason in a Java program for a special naming for a function arguments?

    - by gasan
    I'd like to know, why would I want to have a special prefixes for a function arguments, like "p_name", "p_age", "p_sex"? On the one hand it helps to distinguish parameter from local variable or field further in the function body, but would it help? On the other hand, I didn't saw such naming recommendations anywhere including official Java language conventions. Please advise any reasons for using such naming policy

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  • Does Process.StartInfo.Arguments support a UTF-8 string?

    - by Patrick Klug
    Can you use a UTF-8 string as the Arguments for a StartInfo? I am trying to pass a UTF-8 (in this case a Japanese string) to an application as a console argument. Something like this (this is just an example! (cmd.exe would be a custom app)) var process = new System.Diagnostics.Process(); process.StartInfo.Arguments = "/K \"echo ????????\""; process.StartInfo.FileName = "cmd.exe"; process.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = true; process.Start(); process.WaitForExit(); Executing this seems to loose the UTF-8 string and all the target application sees is "echo ?????????" When executing this command directly on the command line (by pasting the arguments) the target application receives the string correctly even though the command line itself doesn't seem to display it correctly. Do I need to do anything special to enable UTF-8 support in the arguments or is this just not supported?

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  • Optional Parameters and Named Arguments in C# 4 (and a cool scenario w/ ASP.NET MVC 2)

    [In addition to blogging, I am also now using Twitter for quick updates and to share links. Follow me at: twitter.com/scottgu] This is the seventeenth in a series of blog posts Im doing on the upcoming VS 2010 and .NET 4 release. Todays post covers two new language feature being added to C# 4.0 optional parameters and named arguments as well as a cool way you can take advantage of optional parameters (both in VB and C#) with ASP.NET MVC 2. Optional Parameters in C# 4.0 C# 4.0 now...Did you know that DotNetSlackers also publishes .net articles written by top known .net Authors? We already have over 80 articles in several categories including Silverlight. Take a look: here.

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  • How do I provide arguments to an application launcher in kde?

    - by bobdobbs
    So I can create launchers in a quicklaunch thing on the kde desktop. The launchers are easy to create, and work most of the time. What I haven't figured out, is how to pass arguments to the applications that I want to launch. I want to launch the firefox profile manager and I also want to add a launcher for an emacsclient frame. For emacsclient, I've tried these: emacsclient -c "emacsclient -c" 'emacsclient -c' None of them work. When I click the launcher, the tiny emacs logo appears attached to the mouse pointer, and stays there for at least a couple of minutes, but no new frame opens. So, how can I actually open an emacsclient frame, or any other application with an argument from quicklaunch?

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  • Which torrent client has command line arguments to start/stop downloads?

    - by virpara
    first of all, I want to create shell script to start/stop downloads in torrent client. I don't need CLI but if you know how I can do that with CLI using shell script then it is okay. I use jDownloader which is GUI based application but has some command line arguments as below which I use to start/stop download. -h/--help Show this help message -a/--add-link(s) Add links -co/--add-container(s) Add containers -d/--start-download Start download -D/--stop-download Stop download -H/--hide Don't open Linkgrabber when adding Links -m/--minimize Minimize download window -f/--focus Get jD to foreground/focus -s/--show Show JAC prepared captchas -t/--train Train a JAC method -r/--reconnect Perform a Reconnect -C/--captcha <filepath or url> <method> Get code from image using JAntiCaptcha -p/--add-password(s) Add passwords -n --new-instance Force new instance if another jD is running So I can easily start/stop download as follows, jdownloader --start-download jdownloader --stop-download now I want torrent client to do that through shell script.

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  • What's the mysql-5.5 compilation configuration arguments on Ubuntu 10.04?

    - by photon
    I want to install mysql 5.5 on my Ubuntu10.04 desktop system. But I'm not sure what arguments I should use after the cmake command. Though I've seen these articles: https://wikis.oracle.com/display/mysql/Cmake Building mysql-5.5.19 from source on ubuntu 11.10 with the static flag Compile MySQL 5.5.15 from source using autorun.sh and cmake, unable to start MySQL after Would anyone like to share the mysql-5.5 configuration arguments of compilation on Ubuntu 10.04? $cmake # what arguments to enter for this command update: cmake . -DBUILD_CONFIG=mysql_release -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/path/to/mysql_installation_dir -DWITH_SSL=no the official web site says it need to use cmake to compile the source package, but according to a teck blog, it doesn't need to compile the source, so which one is correct? When I use Cmake, I also had following error message: $ sudo cmake . -DBUILD_CONFIG=mysql_release -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql_community_5.5 -- The CXX compiler identification is unknown CMake Error: your CXX compiler: "CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER-NOTFOUND" was not found. Please set CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER to a valid compiler path or name. CMake Error at cmake/build_configurations/mysql_release.cmake:126 (MESSAGE): Clarification: I'm not clever and I'm a slow-thinking guy. And I cannot find a clever guy around me to give me some useful help. So I come here and hope someone is kind and generous enough to take the time to post the details.

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  • How can arguments to variadic functions be passed by reference in PHP?

    - by outis
    Assuming it's possible, how would one pass arguments by reference to a variadic function without generating a warning in PHP? We can no longer use the '&' operator in a function call, otherwise I'd accept that (even though it would be error prone, should a coder forget it). What inspired this is are old MySQLi wrapper classes that I unearthed (these days, I'd just use PDO). The only difference between the wrappers and the MySQLi classes is the wrappers throw exceptions rather than returning FALSE. class DBException extends RuntimeException {} ... class MySQLi_throwing extends mysqli { ... function prepare($query) { $stmt = parent::prepare($query); if (!$stmt) { throw new DBException($this->error, $this->errno); } return new MySQLi_stmt_throwing($this, $query, $stmt); } } // I don't remember why I switched from extension to composition, but // it shouldn't matter for this question. class MySQLi_stmt_throwing /* extends MySQLi_stmt */ { protected $_link, $_query, $_delegate; public function __construct($link, $query, $prepared) { //parent::__construct($link, $query); $this->_link = $link; $this->_query = $query; $this->_delegate = $prepared; } function bind_param($name, &$var) { return $this->_delegate->bind_param($name, $var); } function __call($name, $args) { //$rslt = call_user_func_array(array($this, 'parent::' . $name), $args); $rslt = call_user_func_array(array($this->_delegate, $name), $args); if (False === $rslt) { throw new DBException($this->_link->error, $this->errno); } return $rslt; } } The difficulty lies in calling methods such as bind_result on the wrapper. Constant-arity functions (e.g. bind_param) can be explicitly defined, allowing for pass-by-reference. bind_result, however, needs all arguments to be pass-by-reference. If you call bind_result on an instance of MySQLi_stmt_throwing as-is, the arguments are passed by value and the binding won't take. try { $id = Null; $stmt = $db->prepare('SELECT id FROM tbl WHERE ...'); $stmt->execute() $stmt->bind_result($id); // $id is still null at this point ... } catch (DBException $exc) { ... } Since the above classes are no longer in use, this question is merely a matter of curiosity. Alternate approaches to the wrapper classes are not relevant. Defining a method with a bunch of arguments taking Null default values is not correct (what if you define 20 arguments, but the function is called with 21?). Answers don't even need to be written in terms of MySQL_stmt_throwing; it exists simply to provide a concrete example.

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  • Questioning one of the arguments for dependency injection: Why is creating an object graph hard?

    - by oberlies
    Dependency injection frameworks like Google Guice give the following motivation for their usage (source): To construct an object, you first build its dependencies. But to build each dependency, you need its dependencies, and so on. So when you build an object, you really need to build an object graph. Building object graphs by hand is labour intensive (...) and makes testing difficult. But I don't buy this argument: Even without dependency injection, I can write classes which are both easy to instantiate and convenient to test. E.g. the example from the Guice motivation page could be rewritten in the following way: class BillingService { private final CreditCardProcessor processor; private final TransactionLog transactionLog; // constructor for tests, taking all collaborators as parameters BillingService(CreditCardProcessor processor, TransactionLog transactionLog) { this.processor = processor; this.transactionLog = transactionLog; } // constructor for production, calling the (productive) constructors of the collaborators public BillingService() { this(new PaypalCreditCardProcessor(), new DatabaseTransactionLog()); } public Receipt chargeOrder(PizzaOrder order, CreditCard creditCard) { ... } } So there may be other arguments for dependency injection (which are out of scope for this question!), but easy creation of testable object graphs is not one of them, is it?

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  • Can I get command line arguments of other processes from .NET/C#?

    - by Jonathan Schuster
    I have a project where I have multiple instances of an app running, each of which was started with different command line arguments. I'd like to have a way to click a button from one of those instances which then shuts down all of the instances and starts them back up again with the same command line arguments. I can get the processes themselves easily enough through Process.GetProcessesByName(), but whenever I do, the StartInfo.Arguments property is always an empty string. It looks like maybe that property is only valid before starting a process. This question had some suggestions, but they're all in native code, and I'd like to do this directly from .NET. Any suggestions?

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  • How to get top command output to show rake arguments?

    - by wbharding
    In the past, all of our servers have automatically shown command arguments passed to rake when we view them in top. For example: But on this particular server, we get this instead (picture is top running, showing the rake command, but not showing any of the arguments that had been passed to rake): Both servers are running Ubuntu (though the server without rake commands is a newer flavor of ubuntu). Both run rake through ruby enterprise edition (as powered by rvm). Can't seem to find any documentation on how top chooses what to show in the "command" column, other than the obvious "more data/less data" toggle (all screenshots are shown with the extra data enabled. Anyone encountered anything similar to this?

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  • How to create a variadic (with variable length argument list) function wrapper in JavaScript

    - by U-D13
    The intention is to build a wrapper to provide a consistent method of calling native functions with variable arity on various script hosts - so that the script could be executed in a browser as well as in the Windows Script Host or other script engines. I am aware of 3 methods of which each one has its own drawbacks. eval() method: function wrapper () { var str = ''; for (var i=0; i<arguments.lenght; i++) str += (str ?', ':'') + ',arguments['+i+']'; return eval('[native_function] ('+str+')'); } switch() method: function wrapper () { switch (arguments.lenght) { case 0: return [native_function] (arguments[0]); break; case 1: return [native_function] (arguments[0], arguments[1]); break; ... case n: return [native_function] (arguments[0], arguments[1], ... arguments[n]); } } apply() method: function wrapper () { return [native_function].apply([native_function_namespace], arguments); } What's wrong with them you ask? Well, shall we delve into all the reasons why eval() is evil? And also all the string concatenation... Not a solution to be labeled "elegant". One can never know the maximum n and thus how many cases to prepare. This also would strech the script to immense proportions and sin against the holy DRY principle. The script could get executed on older (pre- JavaScript 1.3 / ECMA-262-3) engines that don't support the apply() method. Now the question part: is there any another solution out there?

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  • How to correctly formalize the command line usage of GNU/Linux commands?

    - by Francesco Turco
    I'd like to write down a BNF-like formal grammar for describing the command line usage of some GNU/Linux tools. For example I can describe the usage of the cat command as: (cat-command) : 'cat' (arguments-list) (arguments-list) : (argument) (arguments-list) : (arguments-list) (argument) (argument) : (file) The problem is I can't write down a precise grammar for some commands such as md5sum. My first attempt at that would be the following: (md5sum-command) : 'md5sum' (arguments-list) (arguments-list) : (argument) (arguments-list) : (arguments-list) (argument) (argument) : (file) (argument) : '--check' But as you can see this grammar allows you to specify the --check argument as many times as you wish, which is incorrect as you should use it at most one time. How can I fix that? Also, what kind of formal grammars I should study for better treating this kind of problems? Thanks.

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