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• How to build Lucene / Solr from source code in windows environment in order to add patches

  - by Simon

  I have successfully implemented Apache’s Solr for free text searching a database driven web site build for windows platforms using Visual Studio in c#. I am trying to get a version Solr working with field collapsing (which is not in the release version). There are patches available from apache and discussions on the web of people successfully doing this for the version I am using but my problem is cannot get the build to work. I am a c# coder on windows platforms so java development is new to me. I understand I need to get the correct source code (and revision) from SVN, add the appropriate patches, then build the war file to deploy to my system. I cannot seem to get the source to build and produce the deployment code including jar (and subsequent war) files. My system is: Windows 7 Ultimate for development Visual Studio 2010 for c# / javascript development MyEclipse 8.6 / Eclipse 3.5 for the java build from source Subecplise 1.6x SVN plugin to get the source from apache’s SVN Apache Solr 1.4.1 So far I have: Found the right patches for the function I need: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SOLR-236 Specifically I need to patch: field_collapsing_1.1.0.patch HTTPS //issues.apache.org/jira/secure/attachment/12357681/field_collapsing_1.1.0.patch and SOLR-236-1_4_1.patch HTTPS //issues.apache.org/jira/secure/attachment/12448216/SOLR-236-1_4_1.patch I downloaded the Lucene trunk version from the day before the patch was released (revision 958303 from 28/6/10) via subeclipse into a java package in myeclipse from: HTTPS //svn.apache.org/repos/asf/lucene/dev/trunk (Solr is the web implementation of Lucene and is in the subfolder solr/) I can apply patches to the solr directory once it has downloaded but the parent Lucene project doesn’t build the war files, copy the jar or other files into the bin folder (it stays empty). The build process starts, but doesn’t do anything apart from creating the folders bin and src. I am building the whole Lucene project, which contains Solr. I have tried building the source without patching and the same happens. If I copy out the Solr directory into a new project, it runs the build and copies all the related files, tests, etc but fails with 4,500 errors and does not produce the jar files or war file, which I assume is because it can’t find the Lucene trunk files which it depends on. I have two interrelated problems 1) I can't get the Lucene downloaded trunk to build 2) The jar, war and associated files are not created Can anyone help with what I am missing to build the war file? I have spent 2 days to get this far as the help online is extremely patchy and I can’t find a walk though tutorial on building a java war file from source in a windows environment. Any help will be much appreciated. Simon

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• How to move a google doc into a folder using Zend Gdata

  - by Andre

  Hi Guys I am really struggling with moving a document from my root folder to another folder using zend gdata here is how i am trying to do it, but its not working. $service = Zend_Gdata_Docs::AUTH_SERVICE_NAME; $client = Zend_Gdata_ClientLogin::getHttpClient($gUser, $gPass, $service); $link = "https://docs.google.com/feeds/documents/private/full/spreadsheet:0AUFNVEpLOVg2U0E"; // Not real id for privacy purposes $docs = new Zend_GData_Docs($client); // Attach a category object of folder to this entry // I have tried many variations of this including attaching label categories $cat = new Zend_Gdata_App_Extension_Category('My Folder Name','http://schemas.google.com/docs/2007#folder'); $entry = $docs->getDocumentListEntry($link); $entry->setCategory(array($cat)); $return = $docs->updateEntry($entry,$entry->getEditLink()->href); When I run this I get No errors, but nothing seems to change, and the return data does not contain the new category. EDIT: Ok I realised that its not the category but the link that decides which "collection" (folder) a resource belongs too. https://developers.google.com/google-apps/documents-list/#managing_collections_and_their_contents says that each resource has as et of parent links, so I tried changing my code to do set link instead of set category, but this did not work. $folder = "https://docs.google.com/feeds/documents/private/full/folder%3A0wSFA2WHc"; $rel = "http://schemas.google.com/docs/2007#parent"; $linkObj = new Zend_Gdata_App_Extension_Link($folder,$rel,'application/atom+xml', NULL,'Folder Name'); $links = $entry->getLink(); array_push($links,$linkObj); $entry->setLink($links); $return = $docs->updateEntry($entry,$entry->getEditLink()->href); EDIT: SOLVED [nearly] OK Here is how to move/copy, sort of, from one folder to another: simpler than initially thought, but problem is it creates a reference and NOT a move! It now in both places at the same time.... // Folder you wnat to move too $folder = "https://docs.google.com/feeds/folders/private/full/folder%asdsad"; $data = $docs->insertDocument($entry, $folder); // Entry is the entry you want moved using insert automatically assigns link & category for you...

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• Show loading image when pdf rendering

  - by Pankaj

  I am displaying pdf on my page like this <object data="/Customer/GetPricedMaterialPDF?projID=<%= ViewData["ProjectID"]%>" type="application/pdf" width="960" height="900" style="margin-top: -33px;"> <p> It appears you don't have a PDF plugin for this browser. No biggie... you can <a href="/Customer/GetPricedMaterialPDF?projID=<%= ViewData["ProjectID"]%>">click here to download the PDF file. </a> </p> </object> and Controller function are public FileStreamResult GetPricedMaterialPDF(string projID) { System.IO.Stream fileStream = GeneratePDF(projID); HttpContext.Response.AddHeader("content-disposition", "attachment; filename=form.pdf"); return new FileStreamResult(fileStream, "application/pdf"); } private System.IO.Stream GeneratePDF(string projID) { //create your pdf and put it into the stream... pdf variable below //comes from a class I use to write content to PDF files System.IO.MemoryStream ms = new System.IO.MemoryStream(); Project proj = GetProject(projID); List<File> ff = proj.GetFiles(Project_Thin.Folders.IntegrationFiles, true); string fileName = string.Empty; if (ff != null && ff.Count > 0 && ff.Where(p => p.AccessToUserID == CurrentCustomer.CustomerID).Count() > 0) { ff = ff.Where(p => p.AccessToUserID == CurrentCustomer.CustomerID).ToList(); foreach (var item in ff) { fileName = item.FileName; } byte[] bArr = new byte[] { }; bArr = GetJDLFile(fileName); ms.Write(bArr, 0, bArr.Length); ms.Position = 0; } return ms; } Now my problem is function on controller taking 10 to 20 second to process pdf, data="/Customer/GetPricedMaterialPDF?projID=<%= ViewData["ProjectID"]%>" at that time my page shows blank, which i don't want. i want to show loading image at that time. How can i do this...

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• Impersonation on Windows 2000 to Windows XP Leaves Connections Open

  - by Tallek

  I'm running on a Windows 2000 Pro SP4 box (off domain) and trying to impersonate a local user on a Windows XP box (on domain). I'm using code very similar to the WindowsImpersonationContextFacade in the question posted here: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/879704/how-can-i-temporarily-impersonate-a-user-to-open-a-file. I am using impersonation to remotely start and stop windows services as well as access network shares (for some automated integration tests). To get this working, i had to use LOGON32_PROVIDER_DEFAULT and LOGON32_LOGON_NEW_CREDENTIALS when calling LogonUser. Everything worked beautifully ( Windows XP on domain to Windows XP on domain, Windows XP on domain to Windows Server 2003 off domain, and even Windows XP on domain to Windows 2000 off domain). The one issue was running on Windows 2000 Pro SP4 off the domain and trying to impersonate a local user on a Windows XP box running on the domain. To get the Windows 2000 piece working, i had to use LOGON32_PROVIDER_WINNT50 and LOGON32_LOGON_NEW_CREDENTIALS when calling LogonUser. This seemed to get me 95% of the way there, i could now impersonate the local user on the XP box and start/stop services as well as access a network share using the impersonated credentials. I'm running in to one problem though, calling Undo impersonation and closing the token handle seems to leave the connection to the remote box open. After about 10 or so impersonation calls, further impersonation attempts will fail with an error saying something about too many connections are currently open. If i look at the Computer Management - System Tools - Shared Folders - Sessions on my remote Windows XP box, i can see about 10 sessions open to the Windows 2000 box. I can manually close these (i think they may eventually close themselves, but not very quickly) and then impersonation begins working again few more times. This open session issue doesn't seem to be a problem in any of my other test scenarios, just when running locally on a Windows 2000 box. Any ideas? Edit 1: After some more testing and trying out many different things, this seems to be an issue with open sessions not being reused. On Windows 2000 only, every call to LogonUser to get a token and then using that token to impersonate seems to result in a new session being created. I'm guessing Windows XP & Windows Server 2003 are reusing open sessions since i don't seem to be having any issues with them. If I call LogonUser once, then cache the token, I seem to be able to make as many calls to impersonate as I need using the cached token without running in to the "too many connections" issue. This seems like an ugly work around though since i can't call CloseHandle() on my token every time i perform impersonation. Anybody have any thoughts or ideas, or am i stuck with this ugly hack? Thanks

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• ASP.NET 2.0 files work in one folder, but NOT in another

  - by Steve

  I am about to leap of a building. I have created an app for a client and all the files are in a folder on their D drive. Now it is time to go production, so I copied all my files and folders to their excisting classic asp folder on the same drive. BUT NOTHING WORKS. The only difference I can see is that DEV does not require HTTPS like the production site. I also made sure all the permissions are the same on both folder. I made sure that the GAC has read rights using the aspnet_regiis tool. I am at the end of my debug knowlegde, could someone please help me out. Here are the error messages I get from the application event log. Failed to initialize the AppDomain:/LM/W3SVC/3/Root Exception: System.Configuration.ConfigurationErrorsException Message: Exception of type 'System.Configuration.ConfigurationErrorsException' was thrown. StackTrace: at System.Web.Configuration.ErrorRuntimeConfig.ErrorConfigRecord.System.Configuration.Internal.IInternalConfigRecord.GetLkgSection(String configKey) at System.Web.Configuration.RuntimeConfigLKG.GetSectionObject(String sectionName) at System.Web.Configuration.RuntimeConfig.GetSection(String sectionName, Type type, ResultsIndex index) at System.Web.Configuration.RuntimeConfig.get_HostingEnvironment() at System.Web.Hosting.HostingEnvironment.StartMonitoringForIdleTimeout() at System.Web.Hosting.HostingEnvironment.Initialize(ApplicationManager appManager, IApplicationHost appHost, IConfigMapPathFactory configMapPathFactory, HostingEnvironmentParameters hostingParameters) at System.Web.Hosting.HostingEnvironment.Initialize(ApplicationManager appManager, IApplicationHost appHost, IConfigMapPathFactory configMapPathFactory, HostingEnvironmentParameters hostingParameters) at System.Web.Hosting.ApplicationManager.CreateAppDomainWithHostingEnvironment(String appId, IApplicationHost appHost, HostingEnvironmentParameters hostingParameters) at System.Web.Hosting.ApplicationManager.CreateAppDomainWithHostingEnvironmentAndReportErrors(String appId, IApplicationHost appHost, HostingEnvironmentParameters hostingParameters) For more information, see Help and Support Center at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/events.asp. ------------------------ Failed to execute the request because the ASP.NET process identity does not have read permissions to the global assembly cache. Error: 0x80131902 For more information, see Help and Support Center at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/events.asp. ------------------------- aspnet_wp.exe (PID: 4568) stopped unexpectedly. For more information, see Help and Support Center at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/events.asp. Here is the web error message: Server Application Unavailable The web application you are attempting to access on this web server is currently unavailable. Please hit the "Refresh" button in your web browser to retry your request. Administrator Note: An error message detailing the cause of this specific request failure can be found in the application event log of the web server. Please review this log entry to discover what caused this error to occur. Thank you for your help, Steve

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• Assembly Load and loading the "sub-modules" dependencies - "cannot find the file specified"

  - by Ted

  There are several questions out there that ask the same question. However the answers they received I cannot understand, so here goes: Similar questions: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1874277/dynamically-load-assembly-and-manually-force-path-to-get-referenced-assemblies ; http://stackoverflow.com/questions/22012/loading-assemblies-and-its-dependencies-closed The question in short: I need to figure out how dependencies, ie References in my modules can be loaded dynamically. Right now I am getting "The system cannot find the file specified" on Assemblies referenced in my so called modules. I cannot really get how to use the AssemblyResolve event... The longer version I have one application, MODULECONTROLLER, that loads separate modules. These "separate modules" are located in well-known subdirectories, like appBinDir\Modules\Module1 appBinDir\Modules\Module2 Each directory contains all the DLLs that exists in the bin-directory of those projects after a build. So the MODULECONTROLLER loads all the DLLs contained in those folders using this code: byte[] bytes = File.ReadAllBytes(dllFileFullPath); Assembly assembly = null; assembly = Assembly.Load(bytes); I am, as you can see, loading the byte[]-array (so I dont lock the DLL-files). Now, in for example MODULE1, I have a static reference called MyGreatXmlProtocol. The MyGreatXmlProtocol.dll then also exists in the directory appBinDir\Modules\Module1 and is loaded using the above code When code in the MODULE1 tries to use this MyGreatXmlProtocol, I get: Could not load file or assembly 'MyGreatXmlProtocol, Version=1.0.3797.26527, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null' or one of its dependencies. The system cannot find the file specified. So, in a post (like this one) they say that To my understanding reflection will load the main assembly and then search the GAC for the referenced assemblies, if it cannot find it there, you can then incorparate an assemblyResolve event: First; is it really needed to use the AssemblyResolve-event to make this work? Shouldnt my different MODULEs themself load their DLLs, as they are statically referenced? Second; if AssemblyResolve is the way to go - how do I use it? I have attached a handler to the Event but I never get anything on MyGreatXmlProctol... === EDIT === CODE regarding the AssemblyResolve-event handler: public GUI() { InitializeComponent(); AppDomain.CurrentDomain.AssemblyResolve += new ResolveEventHandler(CurrentDomain_AssemblyResolve); ... } // Assembly CurrentDomain_AssemblyResolve(object sender, ResolveEventArgs args) { Console.WriteLine(args.Name); return null; } Hope I wasnt too fuzzy =) Thx

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• Display an Image using C# in Web Application

  - by Josh

  Hello again, I have a Web Application that I built a C# class in that generates a Report. This report takes nearly 40 seconds to generate because it searches hundreds of folders for certain files. So I was hoping there was a way to display a "Loading.." icon as this report is generating. I have a gif stored in my Images folder that would be perfect. The research that I've done at this point mostly talks about picturebox's and image controls that can hold the image but I was hoping there was just a way of displaying the image above the report while its being created. The Web Application is from a Web ADF Geocortex website and again I created a C# class that generates this report. Below is some code that may help. /// <summary> /// Generates HTML for the current report using the data in /// the given table. /// </summary> /// <param name="reportLayers">The layers to include in the report.</param> /// <returns> public override string GenerateReportHtml(List<ReportLayer> reportLayers) { StringBuilder htmlString = new StringBuilder(); StringWriter stringWriter = new StringWriter(htmlString); HtmlTextWriter writer = new HtmlTextWriter(stringWriter); string holdAPI = ""; List<string> exclusions = GetExcludedFields(); foreach (ReportLayer layer in reportLayers) { string[] strFiles = null; Boolean val = false; if (layer.Layer.Name == "Bottom Hole Location (OP)") writer.RenderBeginTag(HtmlTextWriterTag.P); // <p> writer.RenderBeginTag(HtmlTextWriterTag.Strong); // <strong> writer.Write(layer.Layer.Name); writer.RenderEndTag(); // end </strong> writer.RenderEndTag(); // end </p> writer.WriteBreak(); // <br /> foreach (ReportFeature feature in layer.ReportFeatures) { // each feature will be in a table writer.RenderBeginTag(HtmlTextWriterTag.Table); // <table> foreach (ReportField field in feature.ReportFields) { string fieldName = field.Alias; if (!exclusions.Contains(fieldName)) {

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• How to enable UAC prompt through programming

  - by peter

  I want to implement a UAC prompt for an application in visualc++ the operating system is 32bit x7460(2processor) Windowsserver 2008 the exe is myproject.exe through manifest.. Here for testing i wl build the application in Windows XP OS and copy the exe in to system containg the Windowsserver 2008 machine and replace it So what i did is i added a manifest like this name of that is myproject.exe.manifest My project has 3 folders like Headerfile,Resourcefile and Source file.I added this manifest(myproject.exe.manifest) in the Sourcefile folder containing other cpp and c code <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?> <assembly xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" manifestVersion="1.0"> <assemblyIdentity version="11.1.4.0" processorArchitecture="X7460" name="myproject" type="win32"/> <description>myproject Problem</description> <!-- Identify the application security requirements. --> <trustInfo xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v2"> <security> <requestedPrivileges> <requestedExecutionLevel level="requireAdministrator" uiAccess="false"/> </requestedPrivileges> </security> </trustInfo> </assembly> then i added this line of code in Resourcefile(.rc).Means one header file is there(Myproject.h).I added the line of code there #define MANIFEST_RESOURCE_ID 1 MANIFEST_RESOURCE_ID RT_MANIFEST "myproject.exe.manifest" Finally i did the following step 1. Open your project in Microsoft Visual Studio 2005. 2. Under Project, select Properties. 3. In Properties, select Manifest Tool, and then select Input and Output. 4. Add in the name of your application manifest file under Additional manifest files. 5. Rebuild your application. But i am getting lot of Syntax errors Is there any problems in the way which i followed.If i commented the line define MANIFEST_RESOURCE_ID 1 MANIFEST_RESOURCE_ID RT_MANIFEST "myproject.exe.manifest" which added in Myproject.h for adding values in .rc file there willnot any error other than this general error c1010070: Failed to load and parse the manifest. The system cannot find the file specified. .\myproject.exe.manifest How to enable UAC prompt through programming

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• Is there a faster way to launch Activity on Android when using maven?

  - by Kamilski81

  Within Eclipse, everything works perfectly when I run 'mvn install android:deploy'...however, this takes about 18 seconds to complete. Is there a faster way to launch my android application. When I try to run my main Activity via 'Android Application' I get a huge stack trace: 09-05 14:03:09.915: E/AndroidRuntime(689): FATAL EXCEPTION: main 09-05 14:03:09.915: E/AndroidRuntime(689): java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to instantiate activity ComponentInfo{com.soraapps.android.purseprideapp/com.soraapps.android.purseprideapp.PursePrideActivity}: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.soraapps.android.purseprideapp.PursePrideActivity in loader dalvik.system.PathClassLoader[/data/app/com.soraapps.android.purseprideapp-2.apk] 09-05 14:03:09.915: E/AndroidRuntime(689): at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:1569) 09-05 14:03:09.915: E/AndroidRuntime(689): at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:1663) 09-05 14:03:09.915: E/AndroidRuntime(689): at android.app.ActivityThread.access$1500(ActivityThread.java:117) 09-05 14:03:09.915: E/AndroidRuntime(689): at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:931) 09-05 14:03:09.915: E/AndroidRuntime(689): at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99) 09-05 14:03:09.915: E/AndroidRuntime(689): at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:123) 09-05 14:03:09.915: E/AndroidRuntime(689): at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:3683) 09-05 14:03:09.915: E/AndroidRuntime(689): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method) 09-05 14:03:09.915: E/AndroidRuntime(689): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:507) 09-05 14:03:09.915: E/AndroidRuntime(689): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:839) 09-05 14:03:09.915: E/AndroidRuntime(689): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:597) 09-05 14:03:09.915: E/AndroidRuntime(689): at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method) 09-05 14:03:09.915: E/AndroidRuntime(689): Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.soraapps.android.purseprideapp.PursePrideActivity in loader dalvik.system.PathClassLoader[/data/app/com.soraapps.android.purseprideapp-2.apk] 09-05 14:03:09.915: E/AndroidRuntime(689): at dalvik.system.PathClassLoader.findClass(PathClassLoader.java:240) 09-05 14:03:09.915: E/AndroidRuntime(689): at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:551) 09-05 14:03:09.915: E/AndroidRuntime(689): at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:511) 09-05 14:03:09.915: E/AndroidRuntime(689): at android.app.Instrumentation.newActivity(Instrumentation.java:1021) 09-05 14:03:09.915: E/AndroidRuntime(689): at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:1561) 09-05 14:03:09.915: E/AndroidRuntime(689): ... 11 more Here is my pom.xml: https://gist.github.com/3656482 And here is what my files look like after I try building and running the project. (see gen and bin folders) http://cl.ly/image/3Q0x052S2Z3Q

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• Assembly Load and loading the "sub-modules" dependencies - "cannot fild the file specified"

  - by Ted

  There are several questions out there that ask the same question. However the answers they received I cannot understand, so here goes: Similar questions: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1874277/dynamically-load-assembly-and-manually-force-path-to-get-referenced-assemblies ; http://stackoverflow.com/questions/22012/loading-assemblies-and-its-dependencies-closed The question in short: I need to figure out how dependencies, ie References in my modules can be loaded dynamically. Right now I am getting "The system cannot find the file specified" on Assemblies referenced in my so called modules. I cannot really get how to use the AssemblyResolve event... The longer version I have one application, MODULECONTROLLER, that loads separate modules. These "separate modules" are located in well-known subdirectories, like appBinDir\Modules\Module1 appBinDir\Modules\Module2 Each directory contains all the DLLs that exists in the bin-directory of those projects after a build. So the MODULECONTROLLER loads all the DLLs contained in those folders using this code: byte[] bytes = File.ReadAllBytes(dllFileFullPath); Assembly assembly = null; assembly = Assembly.Load(bytes); I am, as you can see, loading the byte[]-array (so I dont lock the DLL-files). Now, in for example MODULE1, I have a static reference called MyGreatXmlProtocol. The MyGreatXmlProtocol.dll then also exists in the directory appBinDir\Modules\Module1 and is loaded using the above code When code in the MODULE1 tries to use this MyGreatXmlProtocol, I get: Could not load file or assembly 'MyGreatXmlProtocol, Version=1.0.3797.26527, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null' or one of its dependencies. The system cannot find the file specified. So, in a post (like this one) they say that To my understanding reflection will load the main assembly and then search the GAC for the referenced assemblies, if it cannot find it there, you can then incorparate an assemblyResolve event: First; is it really needed to use the AssemblyResolve-event to make this work? Shouldnt my different MODULEs themself load their DLLs, as they are statically referenced? Second; if AssemblyResolve is the way to go - how do I use it? I have attached a handler to the Event but I never get anything on MyGreatXmlProctol... === EDIT === CODE regarding the AssemblyResolve-event handler: public GUI() { InitializeComponent(); AppDomain.CurrentDomain.AssemblyResolve += new ResolveEventHandler(CurrentDomain_AssemblyResolve); ... } // Assembly CurrentDomain_AssemblyResolve(object sender, ResolveEventArgs args) { Console.WriteLine(args.Name); return null; } Hope I wasnt too fuzzy =) Thx

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• ASP.NET Application Level vs. Session Level and Global.asax...confused

  - by contactmatt

  The following text is from the book I'm reading, 'MCTS Self-Paced Training Kit (Exam 70-515) Web Applications Development with ASP.NET 4". It gives the rundown of the Application Life Cycle. A user first makes a request for a page in your site. The request is routed to the processing pipeline, which forwards it to the ASP.NET runtime. The ASP.NET runtime creates an instance of the ApplicationManager class; this class instance represents the .NET framework domain that will be used to execute requests for your application. An application domain isolates global variables from other applications and allows each application to load and unload separately, as required. After the application domain has been created, an instance of the HostingEnvironment class is created. This class provides access to items inside the hosting environment, such as directory folders. ASP.NET creates instances of the core objects that will be used to process the request. This includes HttpContext, HttpRequest, and HttpResponse objects. ASP.NET creates an instance of the HttpApplication class (or an instance is reused). This class is also the base class for a site’s Global.asax file. You can use this class to trap events that happen when your application starts or stops. When ASP.NET creates an instance of HttpApplication, it also creates the modules configured for the application, such as the SessionStateModule. Finally, ASP.NET processes request through the HttpApplication pipleline. This pipeline also includes a set of events for validating requests, mapping URLs, accessing the cache, and more. The book then demonstrated an example of using the Global.asax file: <script runat="server"> void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e) { Application["UsersOnline"] = 0; } void Session_Start(object sender, EventArgs e) { Application.Lock(); Application["UsersOnline"] = (int)Application["UsersOnline"] + 1; Application.UnLock(); } void Session_End(object sender, EventArgs e) { Application.Lock(); Application["UsersOnline"] = (int)Application["UsersOnline"] - 1; Application.UnLock(); } </script> When does an application start? Whats the difference between session and application level? I'm rather confused on how this is managed. I thought that Application level classes "sat on top of" an AppDomain object, and the AppDomain contained information specific to that Session for that user. Could someone please explain how IIS manages Applicaiton level classes, and how an HttpApplication class sits under an AppDomain? Anything is appreciated.

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• Using ImageMagick to create an image from a PDF...efficiently

  - by bigsweater

  I'm using ImageMagick to create a tiny JPG thumbnail image of an already-uploaded PDF. The code works fine. It's a WordPress widget, though this isn't necessarily WordPress specific. I'm unfamiliar with ImageMagick, so I was hoping somebody could tell me if this looks terrible or isn't following some best practices of some sort, or if I'm risking crashing the server. My questions, specifically, are: Is that image cached, or does the server have to re-generate the image every time somebody views the page? If it isn't cached, what's the best way to make sure the server doesn't have to regenerate the thumbnail? I tried to create a separate folder (/thumbs) for ImageMagick to put all the images in, instead of cluttering up the WP upload folders with images of PDFs. It kept throwing a permission error, despite 777 permissions on the folder in my testing environment. Why? Do the source/destination directories have to be the same? Am I doing anything incorrectly/inefficiently here that needs to be improved? The whole widget is on Pastebin: http://pastebin.com/WnSTEDm7 Relevant code: <?php if ( $url ) { $pdf = $url; $info = pathinfo($pdf); $filename = basename($pdf,'.'.$info['extension']); $uploads = wp_upload_dir(); $file_path = str_replace( $uploads['baseurl'], $uploads['basedir'], $url ); $dest_path = str_replace( '.pdf', '.jpg', $file_path ); $dest_url = str_replace( '.pdf', '.jpg', $pdf ); exec("convert \"{$file_path}[0]\" -colorspace RGB -geometry 60 $dest_path"); ?> <div class="entry"> <div class="widgetImg"> <p><a href="<?php echo $url; ?>" title="<?php echo $filename; ?>"><?php echo "<img src='".$dest_url."' alt='".$filename."' class='blueBorder' />"; ?></a></p> </div> <div class="widgetText"> <?php echo wpautop( $desc ); ?> <p><a class="downloadLink" href="<?php echo $url; ?>" title="<?php echo $filename; ?>">Download</a></p> </div> </div> <?php } ?> As you can see, the widget grabs whatever PDF is attached to the current page being viewed, creates an image of the first page of the PDF, stores it, then links to it in HTML. Thanks for any and all help!

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• Why did File::Find finish short of completely traversing a large directory?

  - by Stan

  A directory exists with a total of 2,153,425 items (according to Windows folder Properties). It contains .jpg and .gif image files located within a few subdirectories. The task was to move the images into a different location while querying each file's name to retrieve some relevant info and store it elsewhere. The script that used File::Find finished at 20462 files. Out of curiosity I wrote a tiny recursive function to count the items which returned a count of 1,734,802. I suppose the difference can be accounted for by the fact that it didn't count folders, only files that passed the -f test. The problem itself can be solved differently by querying for file names first instead of traversing the directory. I'm just wondering what could've caused File::Find to finish at a small fraction of all files. The data is stored on an NTFS file system. Here is the meat of the script; I don't think including DBI stuff would be relevant since I reran the script with nothing but a counter in process_img() which returned the same number. find(\&process_img, $path_from); sub process_img { eval { return if ($_ eq "." or $_ eq ".."); ## Omitted querying and composing new paths for brevity. make_path("$path_to\\img\\$dir_area\\$dir_address\\$type"); copy($File::Find::name, "$path_to\\img\\$dir_area\\$dir_address\\$type\\$new_name"); }; if ($@) { print STDERR "eval barks: $@\n"; return } } And here is another method I used to count files: count_images($path_from); sub count_images { my $path = shift; opendir my $images, $path or die "died opening $path"; while (my $item = readdir $images) { next if $item eq '.' or $item eq '..'; $img_counter++ && next if -f "$path/$item"; count_images("$path/$item") if -d "$path/$item"; } closedir $images or die "died closing $path"; } print $img_counter;

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• issues regarding UAC prompt

  - by peter

  I want to implement a UAC prompt for an application in visualc++ the operating system is 32bit x7460(2processor) Windowsserver 2008 the exe is myproject.exe through manifest.. Here for testing i wl build the application in Windows XP OS and copy the exe in to system containg the Windowsserver 2008 machine and replace it So what i did is i added a manifest like this name of that is myproject.exe.manifest My project has 3 folders like Headerfile,Resourcefile and Source file.I added this manifest(myproject.exe.manifest) in the Sourcefile folder containing other cpp and c code <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?> <assembly xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" manifestVersion="1.0"> <assemblyIdentity version="4.0" processorArchitecture="X7460" name="myproject" type="win32"/> <description>myproject Problem</description> <!-- Identify the application security requirements. --> <trustInfo xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v2"> <security> <requestedPrivileges> <requestedExecutionLevel level="requireAdministrator" uiAccess="false"/> </requestedPrivileges> </security> </trustInfo> </assembly> then i added this line of code in Resourcefile(.rc).Means one header file is there(Myproject.h).I added the line of code there #define MANIFEST_RESOURCE_ID 1 MANIFEST_RESOURCE_ID RT_MANIFEST "myproject.exe.manifest" Finally i did the following step Under Project, select Properties. 3. In Properties, select Manifest Tool, and then select Input and Output. 4. Add in the name of your application manifest file under Additional manifest files. 5. Rebuild your application. But i am getting lot of Syntax errors Is there any problems in the way which i followed.If i commented the line #define MANIFEST_RESOURCE_ID 1 MANIFEST_RESOURCE_ID RT_MANIFEST "myproject.exe.manifest" which added in Myproject.h for adding values in .rc file there willnot any error other than this general error c1010070: Failed to load and parse the manifest. The system cannot find the file specified. .\myproject.exe.manifest How to enable UAC prompt through programming

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• organizing external libraries and include files

  - by stijn

  Over the years my projects use more and more external libraries, and the way I did it starts feeling more and more awkward (although, that has to be said, it does work flawlessly). I use VS on Windows, CMake on others, and CodeComposer for targetting DSPs on Windows. Except for the DSPs, both 32bit and 64bit platforms are used. Here's a sample of what I am doing now; note that as shown, the different external libraries themselves are not always organized in the same way. Some have different lib/include/src folders, others have a single src folder. Some came ready-to-use with static and/or shared libraries, others were built /path/to/projects /projectA /projectB /path/to/apis /apiA /src /include /lib /apiB /include /i386/lib /amd64/lib /path/to/otherapis /apiC /src /path/to/sharedlibs /apiA_x86.lib -->some libs were built in all possible configurations /apiA_x86d.lib /apiA_x64.lib /apiA_x64d.lib /apiA_static_x86.lib /apiB.lib -->other libs have just one import library /path/to/dlls -->most of this directory also gets distributed to clients /apiA_x86.dll and it's in the PATH /apiB.dll Each time I add an external libary, I roughly use this process: build it, if needed, for different configurations (release/debug/platform) copy it's static and/or import libraries to 'sharedlibs' copy it's shared libraries to 'dlls' add an environment variable, eg 'API_A_DIR' that points to the root for ApiA, like '/path/to/apis/apiA' create a VS property sheet and a CMake file to state include path and eventually the library name, like include = '$(API_A_DIR)/Include' and lib = apiA.lib add the propertysheet/cmake file to the project needing the library It's especially step 4 and 5 that are bothering me. I am pretty sure I am not the only one facing this problem, and would like see how others deal with this. I was thinking to get rid of the environment variables per library, and use just one 'API_INCLUDE_DIR' and populating it with the include files in an organized way: /path/to/api/include /apiA /apiB /apiC This way I do not need the include path in the propertysheets nor the environment variables. For libs that are only used on windows I even don't need a propertysheet at all as I can use #pragmas to instruct the linker what library to link to. Also in the code it will be more clear what gets included, and no need for wrappers to include files having the same name but are from different libraries: #include <apiA/header.h> #include <apiB/header.h> #include <apiC_version1/header.h> The withdrawal is off course that I have to copy include files, and possibly** introduce duplicates on the filesystem, but that looks like a minor price to pay, doesn't it? ** actually once libraries are built, the only thing I need from them is the include files and thie libs. Since each of those would have a dedicated directory, the original source tree is not needed anymore so can be deleted..

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• VBScript Issue Help Required.

  - by MalsiaPro

  I need a script that can run and pull information from any drive on a Windows operating system (Windows Server 2003), listing all files and folders which contain the following fields: The server is quite big and is within our domain. The required information is: Full file path (e.g. C:\Documents and Settings\user\My Documents\testPage.doc) File type (e.g. word document, spreadsheet, database etc) Size When Created When last modified When last accessed Also the script will need to convert that data to a CSV file, which later on I can modify and process in Excel. I can imagine that this data will be huge but I still need it. I am logged in as an administrator on the server and the script will need to also process protected files. As in previous posts I have read that the script will stop if such files are processed. I need to make sure that not a single file is skipped. Please note I have asked this question before but still have not got a working script. This is the script I got so far, file Test.vbs: Set objFS=CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject") WScript.Echo Chr(34) & "Full Path" &_ Chr(34) & "," & Chr(34) & "File Size" &_ Chr(34) & "," & Chr(34) & "File Date modified" &_ Chr(34) & "," & Chr(34) & "File Date Created" &_ Chr(34) & "," & Chr(34) & "File Date Accessed" & Chr(34) Set objArgs = WScript.Arguments strFolder = objArgs(0) Set objFolder = objFS.GetFolder(strFolder) Go (objFolder) Sub Go(objDIR) If objDIR <> "\System Volume Information" Then For Each eFolder in objDIR.SubFolders Go eFolder Next End If For Each strFile In objDIR.Files WScript.Echo Chr(34) & strFile.Path & Chr(34) & "," &_ Chr(34) & strFile.Size & Chr(34) & "," &_ Chr(34) & strFile.DateLastModified & Chr(34) & "," &_ Chr(34) & strFile.DateCreated & Chr(34) & "," &_ Chr(34) & strFile.DateLastAccessed & Chr(34) Next End Sub I am currently using the command-line to run it: c:\test> cscript //nologo Test.vbs "c:\" > "C:\test\Output.csv" The script is not working. I don't know why.

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• PHP Sockets Errors (connection refused and No such file or directory)

  - by Purefan

  Hello all, I am writing a server app (broadcaster) and a client (relayer). Several relayers can connect to the broadcaster at the same time, send information and the broadcaster will redirect the message to a matching relayer (for example relayer1 sends to broadcaster who sends to relayer43, relayer2 - broadcaster - relayer73...) The server part is working as I have tested it with a telnet client and although its at this point only an echo server it works. Both relayer and broadcaster sit on the same server so I am using AF_UNIX sockets, both files are in different folders though. I have tried two approaches for the relayer and both have failed, the first one is using socket_create: public function __construct() { // where is the socket server? $this->_sHost = 'tcp://127.0.0.1'; $this->_iPort = 11225; // open a client connection $this->_hSocket = socket_create(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0); echo 'Attempting to connect to '.$this->_sHost.' on port '.$this->_iPort .'...'; $result = socket_connect($this->_hSocket, $this->_sHost, $this->_iPort); if ($result === false) { echo "socket_connect() failed.\nReason: ($result) " . socket_strerror(socket_last_error($this->_hSocket)) . "\n"; } else { echo "OK.\n"; } This returns "Warning: socket_connect(): unable to connect [2]: No such file or directory in relayer.class.php on line 27" and (its running from command line) it often also returns a segmentation fault. The second approach is using pfsockopen: public function __construct() { // where is the socket server? $this->_sHost = 'tcp://127.0.0.1'; $this->_iPort = 11225; // open a client connection $fp = pfsockopen ($this->_sHost, $this->_iPort, $errno, $errstr); if (!$fp) { $result = "Error: could not open socket connection"; } else { // get the welcome message fgets ($fp, 1024); // write the user string to the socket fputs ($fp, 'Message ' . __LINE__); // get the result $result .= fgets ($fp, 1024); // close the connection fputs ($fp, "END"); fclose ($fp); // trim the result and remove the starting ? $result = trim($result); $result = substr($result, 2); // now print it to the browser } which only returns the error "Warning: pfsockopen(): unable to connect to tcp://127.0.0.1:11225 (Connection refused) in relayer.class.php on line 33 " In all tests I have tried with different host names, 127.0.0.1, localhost, tcp://127.0.0.1, 192.168.0.199, tcp://192.168.0.199, none of it has worked. Any ideas on this?

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• Which work process in my company should I Improve first?

  - by shoren

  I've just started to work in a new place, and I see several things they do that I find really terrible, and I want to know if they are indeed so wrong, or I am just too strict. Please let me know if my criticism is in place, and your opinion on which problem is the worst and should be fixed first. The developement is all in Java. 1) Not using svnignore. This means svn stat can't be used, and developers forget to add files and break the build. 2) Generated files go to same folders as committed files. Can't use simple maven clean, have to find them one by one. Maven clean doesn't remove all of them. 3) Not fixing IDE analyze warnings. Analyze code returns about 5,000 warning, of many different kinds. 4) Not following conventions: spring beans names sometimes start with uppercase and sometimes not, ant properties sometimes with underline and sometimes with dots delimiter, etc. 5) Incremental build takes 6 minutes, even when nothing is changed. 6) Developers only use remote debug, and don't know how to run the Tomcat server internally from the IDE. 7) Developers always restart the server after every compilation, instead of dynamically reloading the class and saving the server's state. It takes them at least 10 minutes to start checking any change in the code. 8) Developers only compile from command line. When there are compilation errors, they manually open the file and go the the problematic line. 9) A complete mess in project dependencies. Over 200 open sources are depended on, and no one knows what is indeed needed and why. They do know that not all dependencies are necessary. 10) Mixing Maven and Ant in a way that disables the benefits of both. In one case, even dependency checks are not done by Maven. 11) Not using generics properly. 12) Developers don't use Subversion integration with IDE (Eclipse, Intellij Idea). What do you think? Where should I start? Is any of the things I mentioned not really a problem?

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• How do I use JDK 7 on Mac OSX?

  - by Yko

  OK. This is a newbie question but I can't figure it out... I would like to use the WatchService API as mentioned in this link: http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/essential/io/notification.html After reading around, I found out that WatchService is part of the NIO class which is scheduled for JDK 7. So, it is in beta form. It's fine. http://jdk7.java.net/download.html has the JDK which I downloaded and extracted. I got a bunch of folders. I don't know what to do with them. Then, I read around some more and found that some nice group of people created JDK 7 as a binary so someone like me can install it easily. It is called Open JDK: http://code.google.com/p/openjdk-osx-build/ So, I downloaded the .dmg file and instal it. Then I open "Java Preference" and see that OpenJDK7 is available. So, now I feel that I can start trying out WatchService API. From the tutorial in the first link, the author gave a .java file to test it out first and make sure that it is running. Here is the link to the file: http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/essential/io/examples/WatchDir.java So, I boot up Eclipse (actually I use STS) and create a new Java project and choose JaveSE-1.7 in the "use an execution environment JRE:". Under the src folder, I copy pasted the WatchDir.java file. And I still see tons of squiggly red lines. All the "import.java.nio.*" are all red and I cannot run it as a Java app. If you read this far, thanks a lot. So, now... What do I need to do? Thanks. EDIT: I actually did not pursue using Java 7 but there are a lot of interest in it and it seems like people keep answering this question. What should I do to make it more relevant to people who search for it? Let me know by PMing me. Thanks.

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• I would like to run my Java program on System Startup on Mac OS/Windows. How can I do this?

  - by Misha Koshelev

  Here is what I came up with. It works but I was wondering if there is something more elegant. Thank you! Misha package com.mksoft.fbbday; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.net.URI; import java.net.URISyntaxException; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileWriter; import java.io.PrintWriter; public class RunOnStartup { public static void install(String className,boolean doInstall) throws IOException,URISyntaxException { String osName=System.getProperty("os.name"); String fileSeparator=System.getProperty("file.separator"); String javaHome=System.getProperty("java.home"); String userHome=System.getProperty("user.home"); File jarFile=new File(RunOnStartup.class.getProtectionDomain().getCodeSource().getLocation().toURI()); if (osName.startsWith("Windows")) { Process process=Runtime.getRuntime().exec("reg query \"HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Explorer\\Shell Folders\" /v Startup"); BufferedReader in=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream())); String result="",line; while ((line=in.readLine())!=null) { result+=line; } in.close(); result=result.replaceAll(".*REG_SZ[ ]*",""); File startupFile=new File(result+fileSeparator+jarFile.getName().replaceFirst(".jar",".bat")); if (doInstall) { PrintWriter out=new PrintWriter(new FileWriter(startupFile)); out.println("@echo off"); out.println("start /min \"\" \""+javaHome+fileSeparator+"bin"+fileSeparator+"java.exe -cp "+jarFile+" "+className+"\""); out.close(); } else { if (startupFile.exists()) { startupFile.delete(); } } } else if (osName.startsWith("Mac OS")) { File startupFile=new File(userHome+"/Library/LaunchAgents/com.mksoft."+jarFile.getName().replaceFirst(".jar",".plist")); if (doInstall) { PrintWriter out=new PrintWriter(new FileWriter(startupFile)); out.println(""); out.println(""); out.println(""); out.println(""); out.println(" Label"); out.println(" com.mksoft."+jarFile.getName().replaceFirst(".jar","")+""); out.println(" ProgramArguments"); out.println(" "); out.println(" "+javaHome+fileSeparator+"bin"+fileSeparator+"java"); out.println(" -cp"); out.println(" "+jarFile+""); out.println(" "+className+""); out.println(" "); out.println(" RunAtLoad"); out.println(" "); out.println(""); out.println(""); out.close(); } else { if (startupFile.exists()) { startupFile.delete(); } } } } }

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• IE not showing jquery append() images

  - by Johannes Ruuska

  Ok, so i took John Raasch's slideshow script and modyfied it too dynamicly fetch images from folders on the server through ajax. The slideshow work like a charm in FF and Chrome but IE is not showing the images. And since IE's javascript debugging possibilities is close to none I cant figure out what is crashing. Javascript (indenting got messed up when pasting here but you get the code anyway): function slideSwitch() { var $active = $('#box_bildspel IMG.active'); if ( $active.length == 0 ) $active = $('#box_bildspel IMG:last'); var $next = $active.next().length ? $active.next() : $('#box_bildspel IMG:first'); $active.addClass('last-active'); $next.css({opacity: 0.0}) .addClass('active') .animate({opacity: 1.0}, 1000, function() { $active.removeClass('active last-active'); }); } $(document).ready(function(){ $.get('includes/bildspel.php?page='+page, function(r){ var file = r.split('!'); var path = 'pic/bildspel/'+page+'/'; var data = ''; if(file != null && file != ''){ $.each(file, function(key, value){ if(key == 0) { $('#box_bildspel').append('<img src="'+path+value+'" class="active"></img>'); //console.log(path+value); } else { $('#box_bildspel').append('<img src="'+path+value+'"></img>'); //console.log(path+value); } }); } if(file.length > 1){ $(function() { setInterval( "slideSwitch()", 4000 ); }); } }); }); PHP: <?php function getimgs($page) { $path = '../pic/bildspel/'.$page; $files = ''; if ($handle = opendir($path)) { while (false !== ($file = readdir($handle))) { if ($file !== '.' && $file !== '..') { $files .= $file.'!'; } } closedir($handle); echo substr_replace($files ,"",-1);; } } getimgs($_GET['page']); ?> Tested in IE 7 & 8 Any ideas? I have a deadline on this site for tomorrow (april 23) would appreciate VERY much if someone could figure this on out for me, thanks in advance!

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• A versioning workflow for multiple similar (but not identical) deployments

  - by rs77

  I'm currently employed at a small non-tech organisation and have been given the role of coding the organisations' website. While I have enjoyed the task and have learnt much with web dev I've encountered a few issues that I'm hoping someone will be able to help with me or at least point me in the right direction on. A little background: The site I work on has subdomains that each have their own separate WordPress installation on - as this has been the easiest "backend" admin panel for the type of user who will be responsible for updating content (etc). Within the organisation I work under the Marketing Manager (MM) and I code according to his style guide and wire frames. While we have been working with only one subdomain since the beginning of the year the project has been relatively simple and straightforward. However, lately the workflow is becoming a little more complicated as our original subdomain has been copied over to the other subdomains. Each of the new subdomains receives minor edits to their stylesheets (eg. different pictures for background, slightly different colours here and there, etc). The issue: At the moment managing all the different subdomains has been "bearable", but the straw that's braking the camel's back at the moment has been the slight reversions the MM has required now that the CEO has seen the final product. The problem I'm having with reversions in stylesheets is that the CEO will one week state that he likes change "X" and then as the MM and I continue to modify the site (to now "Z"), will another week state that he wants us to change "X" to "W" but keeping most of the changes made in "Y". What I'm looking for is something that allows for: tracking file changes reverting changes made (or reverting back to 'a' from 'e' but including changes 'b' & 'c') easily upload necessary files to their respective WP-theme installation Does anything out there come close to addressing these issues? If so, what? Thanks for any help! PS - I'm learning Git at the moment and it seems to do the "tracking file changes" quite nicely. Haven't learnt about the reverting changes bit yet, though. Maybe for my final point I'm thinking of creating a shell script to automatically upload the files to their folders. Does Git do this too though? Addendum (alexbbrown) I had a similar problem: I ran a custom version of mediawiki where I installed various extensions in the versioned core (with svn). Each of the extensions required an section in the confit file, but the confit file also needed local configuration for each of several deployments. I could have implemented it using includes, but they would not be versioned; and rebasing branches each time is a chore. +50 experience points for a good answer in git.

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• PHP_AUTH_USER only known in certain frames

  - by Rob

  Getting very confused by PHP_AUTH_USER. Within my web pages I have .htaccess files in every directory, controlling who can (and cant) see certain folders. In order to further customise the pages I was hoping to use PHP_AUTH_USER within the PHP code, i.e. tailor page contents based on the user. This only seems to work partially. The code snippets below hopefully demonstrate my problems. The main index.php creates a framed page with a menu structure in the top left hand corners, some irrelvant stuff in top right and then the tailor made contents in bottom frame. In top left the user is correctly shown, but in the bottom frame PHP_AUTH_USER doesnt seem to be set anymore (it returns empty and when printing all $HTTP_SERVER_VARS its not listed). Script.php is in a different path, but they all have .htaccess files in them and all other contents is displayed correctly. Why does it not know about PHP_AUTH_USER there? Running version php version 5.2.12 on chrome. index.php <FRAMESET ROWS="35%, *"> <FRAMESET COLS="25%, *"> <FRAME SRC="Menu.php"> <FRAME SRC="Something.php"> </FRAMESET> <FRAME SRC="../OtherPath/Script.php?large=1" name="outputlisting"> </FRAMESET> </FRAMESET> Menu.php <ul> <li>Reporting <ul> <li>Link1 <a href="../OtherPath/Script.php" target="outputlisting">All</a>, <a href="../OtherPath/Script.php?large=1" target="outputlisting">Big</a> </ul> <?php echo 'IP Address: ' . $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] . '<br />'; echo 'User: ' . $_SERVER['PHP_AUTH_USER']; ?> Script.php <?php echo 'User: ' . $_SERVER['PHP_AUTH_USER']; ?>

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• From Binary to Data Structures

  - by Cédric Menzi

  Table of Contents Introduction PE file format and COFF header COFF file header BaseCoffReader Byte4ByteCoffReader UnsafeCoffReader ManagedCoffReader Conclusion History This article is also available on CodeProject Introduction Sometimes, you want to parse well-formed binary data and bring it into your objects to do some dirty stuff with it. In the Windows world most data structures are stored in special binary format. Either we call a WinApi function or we want to read from special files like images, spool files, executables or may be the previously announced Outlook Personal Folders File. Most specifications for these files can be found on the MSDN Libarary: Open Specification In my example, we are going to get the COFF (Common Object File Format) file header from a PE (Portable Executable). The exact specification can be found here: PECOFF PE file format and COFF header Before we start we need to know how this file is formatted. The following figure shows an overview of the Microsoft PE executable format. Source: Microsoft Our goal is to get the PE header. As we can see, the image starts with a MS-DOS 2.0 header with is not important for us. From the documentation we can read "...After the MS DOS stub, at the file offset specified at offset 0x3c, is a 4-byte...". With this information we know our reader has to jump to location 0x3c and read the offset to the signature. The signature is always 4 bytes that ensures that the image is a PE file. The signature is: PE\0\0. To prove this we first seek to the offset 0x3c, read if the file consist the signature. So we need to declare some constants, because we do not want magic numbers.   private const int PeSignatureOffsetLocation = 0x3c; private const int PeSignatureSize = 4; private const string PeSignatureContent = "PE";   Then a method for moving the reader to the correct location to read the offset of signature. With this method we always move the underlining Stream of the BinaryReader to the start location of the PE signature.   private void SeekToPeSignature(BinaryReader br) { // seek to the offset for the PE signagure br.BaseStream.Seek(PeSignatureOffsetLocation, SeekOrigin.Begin); // read the offset int offsetToPeSig = br.ReadInt32(); // seek to the start of the PE signature br.BaseStream.Seek(offsetToPeSig, SeekOrigin.Begin); }   Now, we can check if it is a valid PE image by reading of the next 4 byte contains the content PE.   private bool IsValidPeSignature(BinaryReader br) { // read 4 bytes to get the PE signature byte[] peSigBytes = br.ReadBytes(PeSignatureSize); // convert it to a string and trim \0 at the end of the content string peContent = Encoding.Default.GetString(peSigBytes).TrimEnd('\0'); // check if PE is in the content return peContent.Equals(PeSignatureContent); }   With this basic functionality we have a good base reader class to try the different methods of parsing the COFF file header. COFF file header The COFF header has the following structure: Offset Size Field 0 2 Machine 2 2 NumberOfSections 4 4 TimeDateStamp 8 4 PointerToSymbolTable 12 4 NumberOfSymbols 16 2 SizeOfOptionalHeader 18 2 Characteristics If we translate this table to code, we get something like this:   [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)] public struct CoffHeader { public MachineType Machine; public ushort NumberOfSections; public uint TimeDateStamp; public uint PointerToSymbolTable; public uint NumberOfSymbols; public ushort SizeOfOptionalHeader; public Characteristic Characteristics; } BaseCoffReader All readers do the same thing, so we go to the patterns library in our head and see that Strategy pattern or Template method pattern is sticked out in the bookshelf. I have decided to take the template method pattern in this case, because the Parse() should handle the IO for all implementations and the concrete parsing should done in its derived classes.   public CoffHeader Parse() { using (var br = new BinaryReader(File.Open(_fileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.Read))) { SeekToPeSignature(br); if (!IsValidPeSignature(br)) { throw new BadImageFormatException(); } return ParseInternal(br); } } protected abstract CoffHeader ParseInternal(BinaryReader br);   First we open the BinaryReader, seek to the PE signature then we check if it contains a valid PE signature and rest is done by the derived implementations. Byte4ByteCoffReader The first solution is using the BinaryReader. It is the general way to get the data. We only need to know which order, which data-type and its size. If we read byte for byte we could comment out the first line in the CoffHeader structure, because we have control about the order of the member assignment.   protected override CoffHeader ParseInternal(BinaryReader br) { CoffHeader coff = new CoffHeader(); coff.Machine = (MachineType)br.ReadInt16(); coff.NumberOfSections = (ushort)br.ReadInt16(); coff.TimeDateStamp = br.ReadUInt32(); coff.PointerToSymbolTable = br.ReadUInt32(); coff.NumberOfSymbols = br.ReadUInt32(); coff.SizeOfOptionalHeader = (ushort)br.ReadInt16(); coff.Characteristics = (Characteristic)br.ReadInt16(); return coff; }   If the structure is as short as the COFF header here and the specification will never changed, there is probably no reason to change the strategy. But if a data-type will be changed, a new member will be added or ordering of member will be changed the maintenance costs of this method are very high. UnsafeCoffReader Another way to bring the data into this structure is using a "magically" unsafe trick. As above, we know the layout and order of the data structure. Now, we need the StructLayout attribute, because we have to ensure that the .NET Runtime allocates the structure in the same order as it is specified in the source code. We also need to enable "Allow unsafe code (/unsafe)" in the project's build properties. Then we need to add the following constructor to the CoffHeader structure.   [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)] public struct CoffHeader { public CoffHeader(byte[] data) { unsafe { fixed (byte* packet = &data[0]) { this = *(CoffHeader*)packet; } } } }   The "magic" trick is in the statement: this = *(CoffHeader*)packet;. What happens here? We have a fixed size of data somewhere in the memory and because a struct in C# is a value-type, the assignment operator = copies the whole data of the structure and not only the reference. To fill the structure with data, we need to pass the data as bytes into the CoffHeader structure. This can be achieved by reading the exact size of the structure from the PE file.   protected override CoffHeader ParseInternal(BinaryReader br) { return new CoffHeader(br.ReadBytes(Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(CoffHeader)))); }   This solution is the fastest way to parse the data and bring it into the structure, but it is unsafe and it could introduce some security and stability risks. ManagedCoffReader In this solution we are using the same approach of the structure assignment as above. But we need to replace the unsafe part in the constructor with the following managed part:   [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)] public struct CoffHeader { public CoffHeader(byte[] data) { IntPtr coffPtr = IntPtr.Zero; try { int size = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(CoffHeader)); coffPtr = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(size); Marshal.Copy(data, 0, coffPtr, size); this = (CoffHeader)Marshal.PtrToStructure(coffPtr, typeof(CoffHeader)); } finally { Marshal.FreeHGlobal(coffPtr); } } }     Conclusion We saw that we can parse well-formed binary data to our data structures using different approaches. The first is probably the clearest way, because we know each member and its size and ordering and we have control about the reading the data for each member. But if add member or the structure is going change by some reason, we need to change the reader. The two other solutions use the approach of the structure assignment. In the unsafe implementation we need to compile the project with the /unsafe option. We increase the performance, but we get some security risks.

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• Scan a Windows PC for Viruses from a Ubuntu Live CD

  - by Trevor Bekolay

  Getting a virus is bad. Getting a virus that causes your computer to crash when you reboot is even worse. We’ll show you how to clean viruses from your computer even if you can’t boot into Windows by using a virus scanner in a Ubuntu Live CD. There are a number of virus scanners available for Ubuntu, but we’ve found that avast! is the best choice, with great detection rates and usability. Unfortunately, avast! does not have a proper 64-bit version, and forcing the install does not work properly. If you want to use avast! to scan for viruses, then ensure that you have a 32-bit Ubuntu Live CD. If you currently have a 64-bit Ubuntu Live CD on a bootable flash drive, it does not take long to wipe your flash drive and go through our guide again and select normal (32-bit) Ubuntu 9.10 instead of the x64 edition. For the purposes of fixing your Windows installation, the 64-bit Live CD will not provide any benefits. Once Ubuntu 9.10 boots up, open up Firefox by clicking on its icon in the top panel. Navigate to http://www.avast.com/linux-home-edition. Click on the Download tab, and then click on the link to download the DEB package. Save it to the default location. While avast! is downloading, click on the link to the registration form on the download page. Fill in the registration form if you do not already have a trial license for avast!. By the time you’ve filled out the registration form, avast! will hopefully be finished downloading. Open a terminal window by clicking on Applications in the top-left corner of the screen, then expanding the Accessories menu and clicking on Terminal. In the terminal window, type in the following commands, pressing enter after each line. cd Downloadssudo dpkg –i avast* This will install avast! on the live Ubuntu environment. To ensure that you can use the latest virus database, while still in the terminal window, type in the following command: sudo sysctl –w kernel.shmmax=128000000 Now we’re ready to open avast!. Click on Applications on the top-left corner of the screen, expand the Accessories folder, and click on the new avast! Antivirus item. You will first be greeted with a window that asks for your license key. Hopefully you’ve received it in your email by now; open the email that avast! sends you, copy the license key, and paste it in the Registration window. avast! Antivirus will open. You’ll notice that the virus database is outdated. Click on the Update database button and avast! will start downloading the latest virus database. To scan your Windows hard drive, you will need to “mount” it. While the virus database is downloading, click on Places on the top-left of your screen, and click on your Windows hard drive, if you can tell which one it is by its size. If you can’t tell which is the correct hard drive, then click on Computer and check out each hard drive until you find the right one. When you find it, make a note of the drive’s label, which appears in the menu bar of the file browser. Also note that your hard drive will now appear on your desktop. By now, your virus database should be updated. At the time this article was written, the most recent version was 100404-0. In the main avast! window, click on the radio button next to Selected folders and then click on the “+” button to the right of the list box. It will open up a dialog box to browse to a location. To find your Windows hard drive, click on the “>” next to the computer icon. In the expanded list, find the folder labelled “media” and click on the “>” next to it to expand it. In this list, you should be able to find the label that corresponds to your Windows hard drive. If you want to scan a certain folder, then you can go further into this hierarchy and select that folder. However, we will scan the entire hard drive, so we’ll just press OK. Click on Start scan and avast! will start scanning your hard drive. If a virus is found, you’ll be prompted to select an action. If you know that the file is a virus, then you can Delete it, but there is the possibility of false positives, so you can also choose Move to chest to quarantine it. When avast! is done scanning, it will summarize what it found on your hard drive. You can take different actions on those files at this time by right-clicking on them and selecting the appropriate action. When you’re done, click Close. Your Windows PC is now free of viruses, in the eyes of avast!. Reboot your computer and with any luck it will now boot up! Alternatives to avast! If avast! and a liberal amount of Googling doesn’t fix your problem, it’s possible that a different virus scanner will fix your obscure issue. Here are a list of other virus scanners available for Ubuntu that are either free or offer free trials. See their support forums for help on installing these virus scanners. Avira AntiVir Personal for Linux / Solaris Panda Antivirus for Linux Installation and usage guide from Ubuntu F-PROT Antivirus for Linux ClamAV installation and usage guide from Ubuntu NOD32 Antivirus for Linux Kaspersky Anti-Virus 2010 Bitdefender Antivirus for Unices Conclusion Running avast! from a Ubuntu Live CD can clean the vast majority of viruses from your Windows PC. This is another reason to always have a Ubuntu Live CD ready just in case something happens to your Windows installation! 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