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• Restoring an Ubuntu Server using ZFS RAID-Z for data

  - by andybjackson

  Having become disillusioned with hacking Buffalo NAS devices, I've decided to roll my own Home server. After some research, I have settled on an HP Proliant Microserver with Ubuntu Server and ZFS (OS on 1 Ext4 disk, Data on 3 RAID-Z disks). As Joel Spolsky and Geoff Atwood say with regards to backup, I can't rest until I have done a restore in all of the failure scenarios that I am seeking to protect against. Q: How to configure Ubuntu Server to recognise a pre-existing RAID-Z array? Clearly if one of the data disks die - then that is a resilvering scenario, which is well documented. If two of the data disks die, then I am into regular backup/restore land. If the OS dies and I can restore, also an easy scenario. But if the OS dies and I can't restore, then I need to recreate an Ubuntu server. But how do I get this to recognise my RAID-Z array? Is the necessary configuration information stored within and across the RAID-Z array and simply need to be found (if so, how)? Or does it reside on the OS ext4 disk (in which case how do I recreate it)?

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• responsibility for storage

  - by Stefano Borini

  A colleague and I were brainstorming about where to put the responsibility of an object to store itself on the disk in our own file format. There are basically two choices: object.store(file) fileformatWriter.store(object) The first one gives the responsibility of serialization on the disk to the object itself. This is similar to the approach used by python pickle. The second groups the representation responsibility on a file format writer object. The data object is just a plain data container (eventually with additional methods not relevant for storage). We agreed on the second methodology, because it centralizes the writing logic from generic data. We also have cases of objects implementing complex logic that need to store info while the logic is in progress. For these cases, the fileformatwriter object can be passed and used as a delegate, calling storage operations on it. With the first pattern, the complex logic object would instead accept the raw file, and implement the writing logic itself. The first method, however, has the advantage that the object knows how to write and read itself from any file containing it, which may also be convenient. I would like to hear your opinion before starting a rather complex refactoring.

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• Can I use all my RAM for application data?

  - by gsedej

  Hi! I have yet another question about "where is my Linux memory" Question goes: can I use cache for application data? On my laptop I have 1GB ram. Situation after some time of work: browser takes 400MB and all other apps caa 300MB (quickly summed in system monitor). System monitor says I use 90% of RAM and I have already 200MB on swap. Laptop is getting slower when I start new things (e.g. open new tab in browser or open new Nautilus window). probably putting memory on swap So there should be 1200MB (ram+swap) used but all app I see uses only 600MB. Where are other 600MB? Out of this 600MB there is 400MB real RAM. I am not copying or any other massive IO activity. I read about Linux smartly uses all ram it has using buffers and cache. So, kernel (cache) uses 300MB. What if I don't want to have disk mirrored and I want to use memory for application data (e.g. new browser tab)? I don't need 200MB of mirrored disk data, because I (for example) won't use open the same photos on data partition I just seen. So can I use all my RAM for application data? (including browser, desktop, xorg, other services). How?

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• How can I convince my boss to invest into the developer environment?

  - by user95291

  Our boss said that developers should have fewer mistakes so the company would have money for displays, servers etc. An always mentioned example is a late firing of an underperforming colleague whose salary would have covered some of these expenses. On the other hand it happened a few times that it took a few days to free up some disk space on our servers since we can't get any more disk. The cost of mandays was definitely higher than the cost of a new HDD. Another example is that we use 14-15" notebooks for development and most of the developers get external displays after they spent one year at the company. The price of a 22-24" display is just a small fraction of a developers annual salary. Devs say that they like the company because of other reasons (high quality code, interesting projects etc.) but this kind of issues not just simply time-consuming but also demotivate them. In the point of view of the developers it seems that the boss always can find an issue in the past which they could have been done better so it's pointless to work better to get for a second display/HDD/whatever. How can I convince my boss to invest more into development environment? Is it possible to break this endless loop?

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• arm-none-ebai-gcc does not work from mounted directory

  - by dmytro_lviv

  I want to build project for ARM micro controller. For this purpose in folder with project was placed script, which download toolchain and build him. After run this script toolchain was placed in folder with project. Folder with project placed on another logical disk (which shared between Win and Linux) and this disk is mounting each time when I start develop. (Mount by hand). When I start make, in terminal I receive error: make[3]: arm-none-eabi-gcc: Command not found The output from echo $PATH: /mnt/Smoothie-master/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin:/usr/lib/lightdm/lightdm:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games The output from whereis arm-none-ebai-gcc: arm-none-ebai-gcc: All binaries files, which are relating to this toolchain are placed in the next directory: /mnt/Smoothie-master/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/ and has permissions: "-rwxrwxrwx" Before building this toolchain, I had another similar toolchain (another version of this), but installed through apt-get. And it was removed through apt-get before building new. Where is the problem? Thanks!

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• usb wifi dongle on ubuntu server, cannot install realtek driver RTL 8188cus

  - by Sandro Dzneladze

  I got cheap Ebay wifi dongle from HongKong, Im trying to set it up on my ubuntu server. Occasionally need to move server, so it cannot always be connected to router via lan. Anyhow, usb wifi came with a driver cd. I uploaded files to my home directory and tried to run install script (RTL 8188cus): sudo bash install.sh But I get error: Authentication requested [root] for make driver: make ARCH=x86_64 CROSS_COMPILE= -C /lib/modules/2.6.38-8-server/build M=/home/minime/RTL 8188cus/Linux/driver/rtl8192CU_linux_v2.0.1324.20110126 modules make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.38-8-server' make[1]: *** No rule to make target `8188cus/Linux/driver/rtl8192CU_linux_v2.0.1324.20110126'. Stop. make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.38-8-server' make: *** [modules] Error 2 Compile make driver error: 2, Please check error Mesg Any ideas what Im doing wrong? There is another driver folder for linux called: RTL 81XX, which doesn't have install.sh at all! I tried to use make command, but I get: make: *** No targets specified and no makefile found. Stop. Any help? this is first time I'm installing driver from source. Im on Ubuntu 11.04 server. lsusb Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0bda:8176 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. lspci -nn 00:00.0 Host bridge [0600]: Intel Corporation N10 Family DMI Bridge [8086:a000] (rev 02) 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation N10 Family Integrated Graphics Controller [8086:a001] (rev 02) 00:1b.0 Audio device [0403]: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family High Definition Audio Controller [8086:27d8] (rev 02) 00:1c.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family PCI Express Port 1 [8086:27d0] (rev 02) 00:1d.0 USB Controller [0c03]: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family USB UHCI Controller #1 [8086:27c8] (rev 02) 00:1d.1 USB Controller [0c03]: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family USB UHCI Controller #2 [8086:27c9] (rev 02) 00:1d.2 USB Controller [0c03]: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family USB UHCI Controller #3 [8086:27ca] (rev 02) 00:1d.3 USB Controller [0c03]: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family USB UHCI Controller #4 [8086:27cb] (rev 02) 00:1d.7 USB Controller [0c03]: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family USB2 EHCI Controller [8086:27cc] (rev 02) 00:1e.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation 82801 Mobile PCI Bridge [8086:2448] (rev e2) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge [0601]: Intel Corporation NM10 Family LPC Controller [8086:27bc] (rev 02) 00:1f.2 IDE interface [0101]: Intel Corporation N10/ICH7 Family SATA IDE Controller [8086:27c0] (rev 02) 00:1f.3 SMBus [0c05]: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family SMBus Controller [8086:27da] (rev 02) 01:00.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Atheros Communications Device [1969:1083] (rev c0) sudo lshw description: Desktop Computer product: To Be Filled By O.E.M. (To Be Filled By O.E.M.) vendor: To Be Filled By O.E.M. version: To Be Filled By O.E.M. serial: To Be Filled By O.E.M. width: 64 bits capabilities: smbios-2.6 dmi-2.6 vsyscall64 vsyscall32 configuration: boot=normal chassis=desktop family=To Be Filled By O.E.M. sku=To Be Filled By O.E.M. uuid=00020003-0004-0005-0006-000700080009 *-core description: Motherboard product: AD525PV3 vendor: ASRock physical id: 0 *-firmware description: BIOS vendor: American Megatrends Inc. physical id: 0 version: P1.20 date: 04/01/2011 size: 64KiB capacity: 448KiB capabilities: pci upgrade shadowing cdboot bootselect socketedrom edd int13floppy1200 int13floppy720 int13floppy2880 int5printscreen int9keyboard int14serial int17printer int10video acpi usb ls120boot zipboot biosbootspecification netboot *-cpu description: CPU product: Intel(R) Atom(TM) CPU D525 @ 1.80GHz vendor: Intel Corp. physical id: 4 bus info: cpu@0 version: Intel(R) Atom(TM) CPU D525 @ 1.80GHz serial: To Be Filled By O.E.M. slot: CPUSocket size: 1800MHz capacity: 1800MHz width: 64 bits clock: 200MHz capabilities: x86-64 fpu fpu_exception wp vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm movbe lahf_lm configuration: cores=2 enabledcores=2 threads=4 *-cache:0 description: L1 cache physical id: 5 slot: L1-Cache size: 48KiB capacity: 48KiB capabilities: internal write-back data *-cache:1 description: L2 cache physical id: 6 slot: L2-Cache size: 1MiB capacity: 1MiB capabilities: internal write-back unified *-memory description: System Memory physical id: c slot: System board or motherboard size: 2GiB *-bank:0 description: SODIMM DDR2 Synchronous 800 MHz (1.2 ns) product: ModulePartNumber00 vendor: Manufacturer00 physical id: 0 serial: SerNum00 slot: DIMM0 size: 2GiB width: 64 bits clock: 800MHz (1.2ns) *-bank:1 description: DIMM [empty] product: ModulePartNumber01 vendor: Manufacturer01 physical id: 1 serial: SerNum01 slot: DIMM1 *-pci description: Host bridge product: N10 Family DMI Bridge vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 100 bus info: pci@0000:00:00.0 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz configuration: driver=agpgart-intel resources: irq:0 *-display description: VGA compatible controller product: N10 Family Integrated Graphics Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 2 bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom configuration: driver=i915 latency=0 resources: irq:41 memory:fea80000-feafffff ioport:dc00(size=8) memory:e0000000-efffffff memory:fe900000-fe9fffff *-multimedia description: Audio device product: N10/ICH 7 Family High Definition Audio Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1b bus info: pci@0000:00:1b.0 version: 02 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=HDA Intel latency=0 resources: irq:43 memory:fea78000-fea7bfff *-pci:0 description: PCI bridge product: N10/ICH 7 Family PCI Express Port 1 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1c bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.0 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=pcieport resources: irq:40 ioport:e000(size=4096) memory:feb00000-febfffff ioport:80000000(size=2097152) *-network description: Ethernet interface product: Atheros Communications vendor: Atheros Communications physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: c0 serial: XX size: 100Mbit/s capacity: 1Gbit/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress vpd bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=atl1c driverversion=1.0.1.0-NAPI duplex=full firmware=N/A ip=192.168.1.99 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=twisted pair speed=100Mbit/s resources: irq:42 memory:febc0000-febfffff ioport:ec00(size=128) *-usb:0 description: USB Controller product: N10/ICH 7 Family USB UHCI Controller #1 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1d bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.0 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: uhci bus_master configuration: driver=uhci_hcd latency=0 resources: irq:23 ioport:d880(size=32) *-usb:1 description: USB Controller product: N10/ICH 7 Family USB UHCI Controller #2 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1d.1 bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.1 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: uhci bus_master configuration: driver=uhci_hcd latency=0 resources: irq:19 ioport:d800(size=32) *-usb:2 description: USB Controller product: N10/ICH 7 Family USB UHCI Controller #3 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1d.2 bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.2 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: uhci bus_master configuration: driver=uhci_hcd latency=0 resources: irq:18 ioport:d480(size=32) *-usb:3 description: USB Controller product: N10/ICH 7 Family USB UHCI Controller #4 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1d.3 bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.3 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: uhci bus_master configuration: driver=uhci_hcd latency=0 resources: irq:16 ioport:d400(size=32) *-usb:4 description: USB Controller product: N10/ICH 7 Family USB2 EHCI Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1d.7 bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.7 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm debug ehci bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=ehci_hcd latency=0 resources: irq:23 memory:fea77c00-fea77fff *-pci:1 description: PCI bridge product: 82801 Mobile PCI Bridge vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1e bus info: pci@0000:00:1e.0 version: e2 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci subtractive_decode bus_master cap_list *-isa description: ISA bridge product: NM10 Family LPC Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1f bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.0 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: isa bus_master cap_list configuration: latency=0 *-ide description: IDE interface product: N10/ICH7 Family SATA IDE Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1f.2 bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.2 logical name: scsi0 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 66MHz capabilities: ide pm bus_master cap_list emulated configuration: driver=ata_piix latency=0 resources: irq:19 ioport:1f0(size=8) ioport:3f6 ioport:170(size=8) ioport:376 ioport:ff90(size=16) memory:80200000-802003ff *-disk description: ATA Disk product: WDC WD10TPVT-11U vendor: Western Digital physical id: 0.0.0 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0 logical name: /dev/sda version: 01.0 serial: WD-WXC1A80P0314 size: 931GiB (1TB) capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos configuration: ansiversion=5 signature=00088c47 *-volume:0 description: EXT4 volume vendor: Linux physical id: 1 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,1 logical name: /dev/sda1 logical name: /media/private version: 1.0 serial: 042daf2d-350c-4640-a76a-4554c9d98c59 size: 300GiB capacity: 300GiB capabilities: primary journaled extended_attributes large_files huge_files dir_nlink recover extents ext4 ext2 initialized configuration: created=2011-11-06 11:05:03 filesystem=ext4 label=Private lastmountpoint=/media/private modified=2012-04-13 20:01:16 mount.fstype=ext4 mount.options=rw,relatime,barrier=1,stripe=1,data=ordered mounted=2012-04-13 20:01:16 state=mounted *-volume:1 description: Extended partition physical id: 2 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,2 logical name: /dev/sda2 size: 625GiB capacity: 625GiB capabilities: primary extended partitioned partitioned:extended *-logicalvolume:0 description: Linux filesystem partition physical id: 5 logical name: /dev/sda5 logical name: /media/storage capacity: 600GiB configuration: mount.fstype=ext4 mount.options=rw,relatime,barrier=1,stripe=1,data=ordered state=mounted *-logicalvolume:1 description: Linux filesystem partition physical id: 6 logical name: /dev/sda6 logical name: /media/dropbox capacity: 24GiB configuration: mount.fstype=ext4 mount.options=rw,relatime,barrier=1,stripe=1,data=ordered state=mounted *-volume:2 description: EXT4 volume vendor: Linux physical id: 3 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,3 logical name: /dev/sda3 logical name: /media/www version: 1.0 serial: 9b0a27b4-05d8-40d5-bfc7-4aeba198db7b size: 2570MiB capacity: 2570MiB capabilities: primary journaled extended_attributes large_files huge_files dir_nlink recover extents ext4 ext2 initialized configuration: created=2011-11-06 11:05:11 filesystem=ext4 label=www lastmountpoint=/media/www modified=2012-04-15 11:31:12 mount.fstype=ext4 mount.options=rw,relatime,barrier=1,stripe=1,data=ordered mounted=2012-04-15 11:31:12 state=mounted *-volume:3 description: Linux swap volume physical id: 4 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,4 logical name: /dev/sda4 version: 1 serial: 6ed1130e-3aad-4fa6-890b-77e729121e3b size: 4098MiB capacity: 4098MiB capabilities: primary nofs swap initialized configuration: filesystem=swap pagesize=4096 *-serial UNCLAIMED description: SMBus product: N10/ICH 7 Family SMBus Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1f.3 bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.3 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz configuration: latency=0 resources: ioport:400(size=32) *-scsi physical id: 1 bus info: usb@1:4 logical name: scsi2 capabilities: emulated scsi-host configuration: driver=usb-storage *-disk description: SCSI Disk physical id: 0.0.0 bus info: scsi@2:0.0.0 logical name: /dev/sdb size: 3864MiB (4051MB) capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos configuration: signature=000b4c55 *-volume description: EXT4 volume vendor: Linux physical id: 1 bus info: scsi@2:0.0.0,1 logical name: /dev/sdb1 logical name: / version: 1.0 serial: 33926e39-4685-4f63-b83c-f2a67824b69a size: 3862MiB capacity: 3862MiB capabilities: primary bootable journaled extended_attributes large_files huge_files dir_nlink recover extents ext4 ext2 initialized configuration: created=2011-10-11 14:03:46 filesystem=ext4 lastmountpoint=/ modified=2012-03-19 11:47:29 mount.fstype=ext4 mount.options=rw,noatime,errors=remount-ro,barrier=1,data=ordered mounted=2012-04-15 11:31:11 state=mounted rfkill list all Doesnt show anything! dmesg | grep -i firmware [ 0.715481] pci 0000:00:1f.0: [Firmware Bug]: TigerPoint LPC.BM_STS cleared

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• How can I install oracle-java7 from webupd8 ppa?

  - by Ahmed Zain El Dein

  I installed ppa:webupd8team/java and I get the following error Output from: sudo apt-get install oracle-java7-installer Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Suggested packages: binfmt-support visualvm ttf-baekmuk ttf-unfonts ttf-unfonts-core ttf-kochi-gothic ttf-sazanami-gothic ttf-kochi-mincho ttf-sazanami-mincho ttf-arphic-uming The following packages will be upgraded: oracle-java7-installer 1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. 1 not fully installed or removed. Need to get 0 B/16.0 kB of archives. After this operation, 64.5 kB of additional disk space will be used. Could not exec dpkg! E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (100) i did afterwords those line of code trying to resolve the issue becuase it is not existed actually in the /usr/bin/dpkg there is no dpkg mkdir /tmp/dpkg cd /tmp/dpkg wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/d/dpkg/dpkg_1.15.5.6ubuntu4_i386.deb ar x dpkg*.deb data.tar.gz tar xfvz data.tar.gz ./usr/bin/dpkg sudo cp ./usr/bin/dpkg /usr/bin/ sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install --reinstall dpkg then i get this $ sudo apt-get install --reinstall dpkg Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 reinstalled, 0 to remove and 6 not upgraded. 1 not fully installed or removed. Need to get 0 B/1,814 kB of archives. After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used. dpkg: warning: 'dpkg-deb' not found on PATH. dpkg: 1 expected program(s) not found on PATH. NB: root's PATH should usually contain /usr/local/sbin, /usr/sbin and /sbin. E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (2) How can I fix this?

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• Why does Eclipse keep crashing and dpkg erroring out?

  - by Sanju Sony Kurian

  I AM GETTING THE ERROR E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) WHILE I WAS TRYING TO UPGRADE MY PC. i USE ECLIPSE AND IT KEEPS ON CRASHING... pLEASE HELP I ATTACH THE ERROR sanju@sanju-Dell-System-XPS-L502X:~$ upgrade Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages have been kept back: aisleriot gir1.2-rb-3.0 gir1.2-totem-1.0 gnome-disk-utility gnome-keyring libgck-1-0 libgcr-3-1 libtotem0 linux-generic linux-headers-generic linux-image-generic rhythmbox rhythmbox-data rhythmbox-mozilla rhythmbox-plugin-cdrecorder rhythmbox-plugin-magnatune rhythmbox-plugin-zeitgeist rhythmbox-plugins seahorse totem totem-common totem-mozilla totem-plugins 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 23 not upgraded. 1 not fully installed or removed. After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? Y Setting up grub-pc (1.99-21ubuntu3.1) ... /var/lib/dpkg/info/grub-pc.config: 35: /etc/default/grub: Syntax error: EOF in backquote substitution dpkg: error processing grub-pc (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 2 Errors were encountered while processing: grub-pc E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

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• Installer gets stuck with a grayed out forward button.

  - by TRiG

  I have a CD with Ubuntu 10.10 and a laptop with Ubuntu 8.10. The laptop had all sorts of crud on it, and anything I wanted to keep was backed up on an external drive, so I was happy to do a wipe and reinstall instead of an update. So after a bit of faffing about trying to work out how to get the thing to boot from the CD drive, I did that. So the screen comes up with the choice: the options are Try Ubuntu and Install Ubuntu. I choose to install and to overwrite my current installation. So far so good. I then get a progress bar labelled something like copying files (I forget the exact wording) and further options to fill in for my location, keyboard locale, username and password. On each of these screens there are forward and back buttons. On the last screen (password), the forward button is greyed out. Well, I think to myself, no doubt it will become active when that copying files progress bar completes. The progress bar never completes. It hangs. And the label changes from copying files to the chirpy ready when you are. The forward button remains greyed out. The back button is as unhelpful as you'd expect it to be. And there's nothing else to click. We have reached an impasse. I tried restarting the laptop, to test whether it actually was properly installed. It wasn't. I tried to run Ubuntu live from the CD, to test whether the disk was damaged. That wouldn't work either, but I suspect it's just because the laptop is old and has a slow disk drive. I'm typing this question on another computer using the Ubuntu live CD and it's working fine. So there's nothing wrong with the CD.

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• Input signal out of range; Change settings to 1600 x 900

  - by Clayton

  I recently installed Ubuntu 12.04 onto my HP Pavilion, in an attempt to make the desktop able to dual-boot Windows 7 and Ubuntu. I managed to get down to the last step, and finished the installation process. After it prompted me to remove what I used to install Ubuntu, I did so, removing my SanDisk 8GB flash drive, and allowed the system to reboot. Like usual, the desktop booted with the HP image, with the options at the bottom(Boot Menu, System Recovery, etc). However, when it should have started up with Ubuntu(like I'm certain it should have done), I received the following error: Input signal out of range Change settings to 1600 x 900 From the time I installed the operating system, back in late August, till now, I've been trying to figure out how I would go about fixing this issue. My mom is also starting to get frustrated with my not having resolved the issue, as its the only desktop that has a printer installed. Is there any possible way to resolve this? To summarize the problem: -Successful boot -Screen brings up error -Screen goes to standby -Nothing else possible until desktop is rebooted, which will initiate the above three steps A few notes: -I did not back up my computer before I installed Ubuntu. I didn't have anything to write to, and basically just forgot to. : -I don't have a Recovery Disk. -I don't have the Windows 7 disk that is supposed to come with the computer. -It has been narrowed down by a friend on Skype that the problem lies with the display, and that the vga= boot command does have something to do with fixing the problem Thank you in advance for resolving this problem. I greatly appreciate it. ^^

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• To encryption=on or encryption=off a simple ZFS Crypto demo

  - by darrenm

  I've just been asked twice this week how I would demonstrate ZFS encryption really is encrypting the data on disk.  It needs to be really simple and the target isn't forensics or cryptanalysis just a quick demo to show the before and after. I usually do this small demo using a pool based on files so I can run strings(1) on the "disks" that make up the pool. The demo will work with real disks too but it will take a lot longer (how much longer depends on the size of your disks).  The file hamlet.txt is this one from gutenberg.org # mkfile 64m /tmp/pool1_file # zpool create clear_pool /tmp/pool1_file # cp hamlet.txt /clear_pool # grep -i hamlet /clear_pool/hamlet.txt | wc -l Note the number of times hamlet appears # zpool export clear_pool # strings /tmp/pool1_file | grep -i hamlet | wc -l Note the number of times hamlet appears on disk - it is 2 more because the file is called hamlet.txt and file names are in the clear as well and we keep at least two copies of metadata. Now lets encrypt the file systems in the pool. Note you MUST use a new pool file don't reuse the one from above. # mkfile 64m /tmp/pool2_file # zpool create -O encryption=on enc_pool /tmp/pool2_file Enter passphrase for 'enc_pool': Enter again: # cp hamlet.txt /enc_pool # grep -i hamlet /enc_pool/hamlet.txt | wc -l Note the number of times hamlet appears is the same as before # zpool export enc_pool # strings /tmp/pool2_file | grep -i hamlet | wc -l Note the word hamlet doesn't appear at all! As a said above this isn't indended as "proof" that ZFS does encryption properly just as a quick to do demo.

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• Restoring GRUB2 on Software RAID 0 after Windows 7 wiped it using LiveCD

  - by unknownthreat

  I have installed Ubuntu 10.10 on my system. However, I need to install Windows 7 back, and I expect that it would alter GRUB and it did. Right now, my partition on my Software RAID 0 looks like this: nvidia_acajefec1 is Ubuntu 10.10 and nvidia_acajefec3 is Windows 7. I've been following some guides around and I am always stuck at GRUB not able to detect the usual RAID content. I've tried running: sudo grub > root (hd0,0) GRUB complains it couldn't find my hard disk. So I tried: find (hd0,0) And it complains that it couldn't find anything. So I tried: find /boot/grub/stage1 It said "file not found". Here's the text from the console: ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ grub Probing devices to guess BIOS drives. This may take a long time. [ Minimal BASH-like line editing is supported. For the first word, TAB lists possible command completions. Anywhere else TAB lists the possible completions of a device/filename. ] grub> root (hd0,0) root (hd0,0) Error 21: Selected disk does not exist grub> find /boot/grub/stage1 find /boot/grub/stage1 Error 15: File not found Fortunately, I got one person suggesting that what I've been trying to do is for GRUB Legacy, not GRUB2. So I went to the suggested website, ** (http://grub.enbug.org/Grub2LiveCdInstallGuide) **try to look around, and try: ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -l Unable to seek on /dev/sda This is just the step 2 of the instruction in the http://grub.enbug.org/Grub2LiveCdInstallGuide and I cannot proceed because it cannot seek /dev/sda. However, ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo dmraid -r /dev/sdb: nvidia, "nvidia_acajefec", stripe, ok, 488397166 sectors, data@ 0 /dev/sda: nvidia, "nvidia_acajefec", stripe, ok, 488397166 sectors, data@ 0 So what now? Do you have an idea for how to make fdisk see my RAID array on live cd (Ubuntu 10.10)? Honestly, I am lost, very lost in trying to restore GRUB2 on this software RAID 0 system right now.

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• Booting Ubuntu 12.04 in Unity the Windows Theme & Icon Theme reversed back to and always locked to Ubuntu default

  - by Antonio

  I did set up last year Faience-Ocre as my Icon Theme and Adwaita Cupertino L Unity as my Windows Theme (the GTK+ thme was unchanged to Adwaita (default)). It has worked perfectly well until 3 days ago when starting my PC I saw the Ubuntu default showing up for Windows & Icon Theme. I noticed that at start-up the disk access LED is not lit up continuously as before but at moment stops reading for a few seconds (up to 15 s) then complete the disk reading process. When all was working well this LED would lit up continuously. Another thing is that GNOME applications are as well not working well as previously Nautilus and Gedit now don't use the global menu in the system bar but a local window menu. Nautilus - Nemo before the incident Nautilus - Nemo now ... I did open dconf to check the desktop settings in org-gnome-desktop-wm-preferences and everything is looking good. When I change the settings in the app Advanced Settings in the Theme folder I see the respective value changing in dconf. However, there is no change on my desktop. It looks like it's crippled and GNOME related. [Update 1]: I have the same defect as referenced @ ubuntu theme suddenly changed to default and it's not coming back! instead of my GTK theme I get a classic, Windows-95-like grayish theme ... However one of the solution mentionned: http://www.webupd8.org/2011/06/fix-ubuntu-linux-mint-theme-changing-to.html is not working at all, even for 20 s up to 60 s delay.

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• Managing Kindle Fire with on 12.04 via Micro-USB

  - by pirtle

  To begin, I have read both Is there a way to get a Kindle Fire to work with 12.04? and How can I transfer files to a Kindle Fire with a Micro-USB cable? My problem is that I am unable to mount my Kindle Fire in order to add books to it. I have installed calibre, but it is unable to manage any devices until the computer itself has recognized it. The latter post had an excellent answer (provided by @jeremiah) that was making some progress. Unfortunately, I think I don't know enough about the -t flag used with mount. This is what I've done... Ran dmesg to locate the device: [ 3.920886] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI removable disk Confirmed it's location: $ sudo ls -l /dev/disk/by-id lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Aug 18 15:52 usb-Amazon_Kindle_3C6C002600000001-0:0 -> ../../sdb So we know that my Kindle is recognized on /dev/sdb. I then used the mount command suggested by @jeremiah: $ sudo mount -t ext3 /dev/sdb/ /mnt/kindle/ mount: no medium found on /dev/sdb The same error occurs for sudo mount /dev/sdb /mnt/kindle. Note: I have created the 'kindle' directory in 'mnt' Any suggestions?

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• Problem with APTonCD application

  - by Harikrishnan

  I created a iso image using aptoncd & burned it to a dvd. Now when i tried to restore, the program does not detect the dvd in the drive. It shows "Please insert a disc in the drive." and if we click "ok" it shows E: Failed to mount the cdrom. The dvd is in the drive itself. I tried sudo lshw -C disk and the output is: *-cdrom description: DVD-RAM writer product: DVDRAM GH22NS50 vendor: HL-DT-ST physical id: 1 bus info: scsi@1:0.0.0 logical name: /dev/cdrom logical name: /dev/cdrw logical name: /dev/dvd logical name: /dev/dvdrw logical name: /dev/scd0 logical name: /dev/sr0 logical name: /media/APTonCD logical name: /media/apt version: TN02 capabilities: removable audio cd-r cd-rw dvd dvd-r dvd-ram configuration: ansiversion=5 mount.fstype=iso9660 mount.options=ro,relatime,uid=1000,gid=1000,iocharset=utf8,mode=0400,dmode=0500 state=mounted status=ready *-medium physical id: 0 logical name: /dev/cdrom logical name: /media/APTonCD logical name: /media/apt configuration: mount.fstype=iso9660 mount.options=ro,relatime,uid=1000,gid=1000,iocharset=utf8,mode=0400,dmode=0500 state=mounted Then i checked in disk utility application. in that dvd rom is shown as /dvd/sr0 My ubuntu version is 10.10. Please help me to solve the problem.

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• Why is apt-get --auto-remove not removing all dependencies?

  - by Mike

  I just installed a package (dansguardian in this case) and apt told me that I had unmet dependencies. # sudo apt-get install dansguardian Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following extra packages will be installed: clamav clamav-base clamav-freshclam libclamav6 libtommath0 Suggested packages: clamav-docs squid libclamunrar6 The following NEW packages will be installed: clamav clamav-base clamav-freshclam dansguardian libclamav6 libtommath0 0 upgraded, 6 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 0 B/4,956 kB of archives. After this operation, 14.4 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? So I installed it and the dependencies. So far so good. Later on, I decide that this package just isn't the package for me, so I want to remove it and all of the other junk it installed with it since I'm not going to be needing any of it: # sudo apt-get remove --auto-remove --purge dansguardian Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages will be REMOVED: dansguardian 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 0 not upgraded. After this operation, 1,816 kB disk space will be freed. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? However it is only removing that one specific package. What about clamav clamav-base clamav-freshclam libclamav6 libtommath0? Not only did it not remove them, but clamav was actually running a daemon that loads every time the computer boots. I thought that --auto-remove would remove not only the packages, but also the dependencies that were installed with it. So basically, without going through the apt history log file (if I even remember to do so, or if I even remember that a specific package I installed 3 months ago had dependencies along with it), is there a way to remove a package and all of the other dependencies that were installed like in this case?

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• Bad archive mirror using PXE boot method

  - by user11566

  I'm trying to automatically install Ubuntu on a client PC by using the PXE BOOT method....my Objectives are below: I am following the steps given in this link installation using PXE BOOT the server will have a KICKSTART config file which contains the parameters for the OS installation and the files which are required for the OS installations. the client will have to detect this configuration along with the setup files and complete the installation without any input from the user. In my server I have installed DHCP3-server,Apache2 and TFTP to help me with the installation. I have nearly achieved my first objective, I am able to boot my client using the files stored in the server but during the installation stage it is asking me to CHOOSE A MIRROR OF UBUNTU ARCHIVE I gave the server's IP address and the path in the server where the files are located but then its giving me this error BAD ARCHIVE MIRROR So is it possible that instead of downloading all the files from the internet and storing them on my disk can I use the files which comes with the UBUNTU-CD, and how to store these files in what format (should I zip them) on the disk? secondly I am also generating the ks.cfg which I wanted to give to the client for automatic installation of the OS. So how should the configuration file be given to the installation process?

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• Blank screen after GRUB (64 bit) - cannot install Ubuntu

  - by peGGi

  My laptop's specs: Lenovo IdeaPad Z570 Intel Core i5-2410M @ 2.3Ghz 6 Gb RAM DDR3 640 Gb ATAPI Hard-disk Drive @ 5,200 RPM NVIDIA GeForce G520M with Optimus switching technology Broadcom 802.11n Network Adapter REALTEK soundcard Windows 7 Home Premium 64-bit I downloaded Ubuntu Studio 11.04 and burned the iso image onto two different DVDs, using two different programs (one DVD is RW, the other is just R). I verified the hash MD5sum thing. I get as far as GRUB with the 4 options (install, advanced install, disk verification, system rescue) but no matter which one I select, I get a blank screen and nothing happens. The DVD drive spins down after about 30 seconds. Also just before the GRUB screen I get a message saying Error: "Prefix" is not set. I'm not sure if that's relevant. I have tried all the options using both DVDs. Same thing happens. I have changed the graphics setting in BIOS to UMA or Optimus, but still happens either way. I've tried booting with the wireless switch turned off, same thing happens. I downloaded 'vanilla' Ubuntu 64-bit and burned onto a CD, and the same thing happens. I have downloaded Ubuntu 32-bit and I am able to boot from the live CD (interestingly the wireless card won't work, but that's maybe another issue). I have searched extensively through these forums and other sites but I can't see anything that will help me. Is there something I'm missing? I'd really appreciate help on this. The laptop is less than 2 weeks old. I was so looking forward to getting Ubuntu Studio up and running. I've gone about as far as my technical abilities will allow.

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• Boot problems w/ External HDD

  - by JeremyT

  I'm having a problem with booting a live image off of a USB Hard Drive. I used Startup Disk Creator to make an Ubuntu 11.10 live image on a partition on my external so that I can use it on various computers. I set it up with ~4GB of persistent data So far I've tried it on two computers. One, a Dell, will boot to my external but it loads the select boot device very slowly. It hangs on a screen with an underscore for up to 5 minutes until it allows me to select which drive I want to boot from. After that, it works great. However, on my primary computer it doesn't work at all. It's an Acer from 2009 and it won't even recognize the drive. I don't see it anywhere in BIOS or the select boot disk list. The light on the external will come on at boot just fine so I know it's powering it at this time. Both computers worked perfectly with my 4GB flash drive that I had partitioned half and half (1st half FAT32 and second Ubuntu 11.10 live)

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• Accessing second hard drive

  - by Jonathan

  Hi, So I recently installed Ubuntu 10.10 64-bit on my computer. I installed it on my 60gb SSD hard drive, and in the installation it never acknowledged the existence of my second hard drive. The hard drive that I keep all my files on, and which I want to make my home folder if I can, is a Western Digital Caviar Black 1TB SATA 6Gb/s 64MB cache (WD1002FAEX). I've read the following: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Mount but honestly cannot work out how to access the hard drive from my Ubuntu installation. I did have Windows 7 64-bit prior to installing Ubuntu. I have backed up all the files on the hard drive, but if I could just access them straight off that would be super cool. Does anyone know how I can use the second hard drive? Thank you for your help EDIT: The following directories are currently in my /dev/ folder: ati/, block/, bsg/, bus/, char/, cpu/, isk/, input/, mapper/, net/, pktcdvd/, pts/, shm/, snd/, and usb/ EDIT: Result from sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 60.0 GB, 60022480896 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7297 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000d2dfd Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 6994 56174592 83 Linux /dev/sda2 6994 7298 2438145 5 Extended /dev/sda5 6994 7298 2438144 82 Linux swap / Solaris

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• Encrypt SSD or not?

  - by JamesBradbury

  My desktop machine is running Ubuntu 12.04 (and will probably stay with it until the next LTS). I've got a new 120GB SSD on the way as my existing 420GB spinning disk. If it makes any difference I'll be dual-booting with Windows 7 across both disks too. I've read some helpful answers here about /home setup and enabling TRIM, which I intend to follow. So most of my /home will be on the SSD, with only photos, videos and music on the spinning disk. The question is, when I reinstall Ubuntu from CD or USB, whether I should encrypt the SSD? Specifically: I'm reading that drive wear isn't much of an issue with modern SSDs as they last decades even if you spam them. Is this true? How big a performance reduction will encrypting cause (I have an i7 Sandybridge, so I guess it can cope)? Is it more important from a security point of view to encrypt an SSD? I think I read somewhere that it may be hard to reliably wipe data. By all means answer even if you only know about one of those things.

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• Restoring GRUB2 on Software RAID 0 using LiveCD after Windows 7 wiped it

  - by unknownthreat

  I have installed Ubuntu 10.10 on my system. However, I need to install Windows 7 back, and I expect that it would alter GRUB and it did. Right now, my partition on my Software RAID 0 looks like this: nvidia_acajefec1 is Ubuntu 10.10 and nvidia_acajefec3 is Windows 7. I've been following some guides around and I am always stuck at GRUB not able to detect the usual RAID content. I've tried running: sudo grub > root (hd0,0) GRUB complains it couldn't find my hard disk. So I tried: find (hd0,0) And it complains that it couldn't find anything. So I tried: find /boot/grub/stage1 It said "file not found". Here's the text from the console: ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ grub Probing devices to guess BIOS drives. This may take a long time. [ Minimal BASH-like line editing is supported. For the first word, TAB lists possible command completions. Anywhere else TAB lists the possible completions of a device/filename. ] grub> root (hd0,0) root (hd0,0) Error 21: Selected disk does not exist grub> find /boot/grub/stage1 find /boot/grub/stage1 Error 15: File not found Fortunately, I got one person suggesting that what I've been trying to do is for GRUB Legacy, not GRUB2. So I went to the suggested website, ** (http://grub.enbug.org/Grub2LiveCdInstallGuide) **try to look around, and try: ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -l Unable to seek on /dev/sda This is just the step 2 of the instruction in the http://grub.enbug.org/Grub2LiveCdInstallGuide and I cannot proceed because it cannot seek /dev/sda. However, ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo dmraid -r /dev/sdb: nvidia, "nvidia_acajefec", stripe, ok, 488397166 sectors, data@ 0 /dev/sda: nvidia, "nvidia_acajefec", stripe, ok, 488397166 sectors, data@ 0 So what now? Do you have an idea for how to make fdisk see my RAID array on live cd (Ubuntu 10.10)? Honestly, I am lost, very lost in trying to restore GRUB2 on this software RAID 0 system right now.

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• ZFS Basics

  - by user12614620

  Stage 1 basics: creating a pool # zpool create $NAME $REDUNDANCY $DISK1_0..N [$REDUNDANCY $DISK2_0..N]... $NAME = name of the pool you're creating. This will also be the name of the first filesystem and, by default, be placed at the mountpoint "/$NAME" $REDUNDANCY = either mirror or raidzN, and N can be 1, 2, or 3. If you leave N off, then it defaults to 1. $DISK1_0..N = the disks assigned to the pool. Example 1: zpool create tank mirror c4t1d0 c4t2d0 name of pool: tank redundancy: mirroring disks being mirrored: c4t1d0 and c4t2d0 Capacity: size of a single disk Example 2: zpool create tank raidz c4t1d0 c4t2d0 c4t3d0 c4t4d0 c4t5d0 Here the redundancy is raidz, and there are five disks, in a 4+1 (4 data, 1 parity) config. This means that the capacity is 4 times the disk size. If the command used "raidz2" instead, then the config would be 3+2. Likewise, "raidz3" would be a 2+3 config. Example 3: zpool create tank mirror c4t1d0 c4t2d0 mirror c4t3d0 c4t4d0 This is the same as the first mirror example, except there are two mirrors now. ZFS will stripe data across both mirrors, which means that writing data will go a bit faster. Note: you cannot create a mirror of two raidzs. You can create a raidz of mirrors, but to do that requires trickery.

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• virt-install says name is in use, but virsh list --all is empty. Where is virt-install finding this name?

  - by Jay _silly_evarlast_ Wren

  virt-install says name is in use, but virsh list --all says there is nothing. jrwren@delays:{%22}~ $ virt-install -d -n android -r 512 --disk android.qcow2 -s 4 -c /d/cd\ images/android-x86-2.2-generic.iso --vnc --noautoconsole [Thu, 05 Jul 2012 16:57:19 virt-install 23170] DEBUG (cli:220) Launched with command line: /usr/bin/virt-install -d -n android -r 512 --disk android.qcow2 -s 4 -c /d/cd images/android-x86-2.2-generic.iso --vnc --noautoconsole [Thu, 05 Jul 2012 16:57:19 virt-install 23170] DEBUG (cli:326) Requesting libvirt URI default [Thu, 05 Jul 2012 16:57:19 virt-install 23170] DEBUG (cli:328) Received libvirt URI qemu:///session [Thu, 05 Jul 2012 16:57:20 virt-install 23170] DEBUG (virt-install:259) Requesting virt method 'default', hv type 'default'. [Thu, 05 Jul 2012 16:57:20 virt-install 23170] DEBUG (virt-install:469) Received virt method 'hvm' [Thu, 05 Jul 2012 16:57:20 virt-install 23170] DEBUG (virt-install:470) Hypervisor name is 'kvm' [Thu, 05 Jul 2012 16:57:20 virt-install 23170] DEBUG (cli:950) --graphics compat generated: vnc [Thu, 05 Jul 2012 16:57:20 virt-install 23170] ERROR (cli:597) Guest name 'android' is already in use. (venv)jrwren@delays:{%22}~ $ sudo virsh -c qemu:///system list --all Id Name State ---------------------------------- Where is virt-install finding this name? edit: I should mention that LIBVIRT_DEFAULT_URI is not set.

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• Cannot access the filesystems using LiveCD (LVM2,EXT2)

  - by ftkg

  I have to restore the /etc/passwd file I accidentally renamed in my Ubuntu Server, so I booted the machine using a LiveCD. Problem is, the system filesystem does not appear in Nautilus, under 'Devices'. Am I missing anything? ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders, total 625142448 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000956dc Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 499711 248832 83 Linux /dev/sda2 501758 625141759 312320001 5 Extended /dev/sda5 501760 625141759 312320000 8e Linux LVM ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ mount /cow on / type overlayfs (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,mode=0755) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620) tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755) /dev/sr0 on /cdrom type iso9660 (ro,noatime) /dev/loop0 on /rofs type squashfs (ro,noatime) none on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw) none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw) none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw) tmpfs on /tmp type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) none on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880) none on /run/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) gvfs-fuse-daemon on /home/ubuntu/.gvfs type fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon (rw,nosuid,nodev,user=ubuntu) ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo blkid /dev/loop0: TYPE="squashfs" /dev/sda1: UUID="aad69790-198d-45bc-9ccd-e4cba7456914" TYPE="ext2" /dev/sda5: UUID="wbIDX7-RILL-VtFT-gX15-N1GJ-Yyfg-V8Oe5m" TYPE="LVM2_member" /dev/sr0: LABEL="Ubuntu 12.04 LTS i386" TYPE="iso9660" ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ cat /etc/fstab overlayfs / overlayfs rw 0 0 tmpfs /tmp tmpfs nosuid,nodev 0 0

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