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• Hundreds of unknown entries in Linux logwatch

  - by Saif Bechan

  I have a dedicated server which runs centos. Today i got an email from loginwatch on my server with hundreds of lines of 'errors'. I don't really know what they are becasue i am fairly new at this. The lines are in a few sections, I will display the first 10 of all of them, i hope someone can help me fix these problems. --------------------- Named Begin ------------------------ **Unmatched Entries** client 216.146.46.136 notify question section contains no SOA: 8 Time(s) client 92.114.98.10 query (cache) 'adobe.com/A/IN' denied: 4 Time(s) network unreachable resolving '11.254.75.75.in-addr.arpa/PTR/IN': 2001:7fd::1#53: 1 Time(s) network unreachable resolving '136.176.97.93.in-addr.arpa/PTR/IN': 2001:13c7:7002:3000::11#53: 1 Time(s) network unreachable resolving '136.176.97.93.in-addr.arpa/PTR/IN': 2001:500:13::c7d4:35#53: 1 Time(s) network unreachable resolving '136.176.97.93.in-addr.arpa/PTR/IN': 2001:500:2e::1#53: 2 Time(s) network unreachable resolving '136.176.97.93.in-addr.arpa/PTR/IN': 2001:610:240:0:53::193#53: 1 Time(s) network unreachable resolving '136.176.97.93.in-addr.arpa/PTR/IN': 2001:610:240:0:53::3#53: 1 Time(s) network unreachable resolving '136.176.97.93.in-addr.arpa/PTR/IN': 2001:660:3006:1::1:1#53: 1 Time(s) network unreachable resolving '136.176.97.93.in-addr.arpa/PTR/IN': 2001:6b0:7::2#53: 1 Time(s) network unreachable resolving '136.176.97.93.in-addr.arpa/PTR/IN': 2001:dc0:1:0:4777::140#53: 1 Time(s) network unreachable resolving '136.176.97.93.in-addr.arpa/PTR/IN': 2001:dc0:2001:a:4608::59#53: 1 Time(s) network unreachable resolving '146.250.19.67.in-addr.arpa/PTR/IN': 2001:5a0:10::2#53: 1 Time(s) network unreachable resolving '149.207.106.87.in-addr.arpa/PTR/IN': 2001:7fd::1#53: 1 Time(s) network unreachable resolving '178.62.24.195.in-addr.arpa/PTR/IN': 2001:7fd::1#53: 1 Time(s) this goes on for hundreds of lines with all different domain names. --------------------- pam_unix Begin ------------------------ Failed logins from: 78.86.126.211 (78-86-126-211.zone2.bethere.co.uk): 111 times 93.97.176.136 (93-97-176-136.dsl.cnl.uk.net): 113 times 121.14.145.32: 136 times 190.152.69.5: 248 times 209.160.72.15: 572 times 210.26.48.35: 2 times 212.235.111.224 (DSL212-235-111-224.bb.netvision.net.il): 140 times 218.206.25.29: 140 times Illegal users from: 78.86.126.211 (78-86-126-211.zone2.bethere.co.uk): 2665 times 93.97.176.136 (93-97-176-136.dsl.cnl.uk.net): 2539 times 121.14.145.32: 116 times 190.152.69.5: 34 times 209.160.72.15: 324 times 218.206.25.29: 8051 times proftpd: Unknown Entries: session opened for user cent_ftp by (uid=0): 15 Time(s) session closed for user cent_ftp: 14 Time(s) sshd: Authentication Failures: unknown (218.206.25.29): 8051 Time(s) unknown (78-86-126-211.zone2.bethere.co.uk): 2665 Time(s) unknown (93.97.176.136): 2539 Time(s) root (209.160.72.15): 558 Time(s) unknown (209.160.72.15): 324 Time(s) root (190.152.69.5): 246 Time(s) unknown (121.14.145.32): 116 Time(s) root (121.14.145.32): 106 Time(s) root (dsl212-235-111-224.bb.netvision.net.il): 70 Time(s) root (93.97.176.136): 44 Time(s) root (78-86-126-211.zone2.bethere.co.uk): 37 Time(s) unknown (190.152.69.5): 34 Time(s) mysql (121.14.145.32): 30 Time(s) nobody (218.206.25.29): 26 Time(s) mail (218.206.25.29): 24 Time(s) news (218.206.25.29): 24 Time(s) root (218.206.25.29): 24 Time(s) --------------------- SSHD Begin ------------------------ **Unmatched Entries** pam_succeed_if(sshd:auth): error retrieving information about user tavi : 2 time(s) pam_succeed_if(sshd:auth): error retrieving information about user pam : 2 time(s) pam_succeed_if(sshd:auth): error retrieving information about user konchog : 1 time(s) pam_succeed_if(sshd:auth): error retrieving information about user stavrum : 2 time(s) pam_succeed_if(sshd:auth): error retrieving information about user rachel : 1 time(s) pam_succeed_if(sshd:auth): error retrieving information about user affiliates : 24 time(s) pam_succeed_if(sshd:auth): error retrieving information about user nen : 1 time(s) pam_succeed_if(sshd:auth): error retrieving information about user cobra : 1 time(s) pam_succeed_if(sshd:auth): error retrieving information about user pass : 7 time(s) pam_succeed_if(sshd:auth): error retrieving information about user hacer : 1 time(s) pam_succeed_if(sshd:auth): error retrieving information about user chung : 1 time(s) pam_succeed_if(sshd:auth): error retrieving information about user zainee : 1 time(s) pam_succeed_if(sshd:auth): error retrieving information about user radu : 2 time(s) pam_succeed_if(sshd:auth): error retrieving information about user alka : 4 time(s) pam_succeed_if(sshd:auth): error retrieving information about user albert : 5 time(s) pam_succeed_if(sshd:auth): error retrieving information about user turcia : 2 time(s) pam_succeed_if(sshd:auth): error retrieving information about user cordell : 2 time(s) pam_succeed_if(sshd:auth): error retrieving information about user silver : 2 time(s) pam_succeed_if(sshd:auth): error retrieving information about user dragon : 3 time(s) If someone wants to see the whole log i can upload it somewhere. Am i being hacked, what is this all?? I hope someone can help me, this does not look good at all.

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• How to setup linux permissions for the WWW folder?

  - by Xeoncross

  Updated Summery The /var/www directory is owned by root:root which means that no one can use it and it's entirely useless. Since we all want a web server that actually works (and no-one should be logging in as "root"), then we need to fix this. Only two entities need access. PHP/Perl/Ruby/Python all need access to the folders and files since they create many of them (i.e. /uploads/). These scripting languages should be running under nginx or apache (or even some other thing like FastCGI for PHP). The developers How do they get access? I know that someone, somewhere has done this before. With however-many billions of websites out there you would think that there would be more information on this topic. I know that 777 is full read/write/execute permission for owner/group/other. So this doesn't seem to be needed as it leaves random users full permissions. What permissions are need to be used on /var/www so that... Source control like git or svn Users in a group like "websites" (or even added to "www-data") Servers like apache or lighthttpd And PHP/Perl/Ruby can all read, create, and run files (and directories) there? If I'm correct, Ruby and PHP scripts are not "executed" directly - but passed to an interpreter. So there is no need for execute permission on files in /var/www...? Therefore, it seems like the correct permission would be chmod -R 1660 which would make all files shareable by these four entities all files non-executable by mistake block everyone else from the directory entirely set the permission mode to "sticky" for all future files Is this correct? Update: I just realized that files and directories might need different permissions - I was talking about files above so i'm not sure what the directory permissions would need to be. Update 2: The folder structure of /var/www changes drastically as one of the four entities above are always adding (and sometimes removing) folders and sub folders many levels deep. They also create and remove files that the other 3 entities might need read/write access to. Therefore, the permissions need to do the four things above for both files and directories. Since non of them should need execute permission (see question about ruby/php above) I would assume that rw-rw-r-- permission would be all that is needed and completely safe since these four entities are run by trusted personal (see #2) and all other users on the system only have read access. Update 3: This is for personal development machines and private company servers. No random "web customers" like a shared host. Update 4: This article by slicehost seems to be the best at explaining what is needed to setup permissions for your www folder. However, I'm not sure what user or group apache/nginx with PHP OR svn/git run as and how to change them. Update 5: I have (I think) finally found a way to get this all to work (answer below). However, I don't know if this is the correct and SECURE way to do this. Therefore I have started a bounty. The person that has the best method of securing and managing the www directory wins.

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• ufw portforwarding to virtualbox guest

  - by user85116

  My goal is to be able to connect using remote desktop on my desktop machine, to windows xp running in virtualbox on my linux server. My setup: server = debian squeeze, 64 bit, with a public IP address (host) virtualbox-ose 3.2.10 (from debian repo) windows xp running inside VBox as a guest; bridged networking mode in VBox, ip = 192.168.1.100 ufw as the firewall on debian, 3 ports are opened: 22 / ssh, 80 / apache, and 3389 for remote desktop My problem: If I try to use remote desktop on my home computer, I am unable to connect to the windows guest. If I first "ssh -X -C" into the debian server, then run "rdesktop 192.168.1.100", I am able to connect without issue. The windows firewall was configured to allow remote desktop connections, and I've even turned it off (as it is redundant here) to see if that was the problem but it made no difference. Since I am able to connect from inside the local subnet, I suspect that I have not setup my debian firewall correctly to handle connections from outside the LAN. Here is what I've done... First my ufw status: ufw status Status: active To Action From -- ------ ---- 22 ALLOW Anywhere 80 ALLOW Anywhere 3389 ALLOW Anywhere I edited /etc/ufw/sysctl.conf and added: net/ipv4/ip_forward=1 Edited /etc/default/ufw and added: DEFAULT_FORWARD_POLICY="ACCEPT" Edited /etc/ufw/before.rules and added: # setup port forwarding to forward rdp to windows VM *nat :PREROUTING - [0:0] -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 3389 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.1.100 -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -p udp --dport 3389 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.1.100 COMMIT # Don't delete these required lines, otherwise there will be errors *filter <snip> Restarted the firewall etc., but no connection. My log files on the debian host show this (my public ip address was removed for this posting but it is correct in the actual log): Feb 6 11:11:21 localhost kernel: [171991.856941] [UFW AUDIT] IN=eth0 OUT=eth0 SRC=aaa.bbb.ccc.dd DST=192.168.1.100 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=45 ID=27518 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=54201 DPT=3389 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 Feb 6 11:11:21 localhost kernel: [171991.856963] [UFW ALLOW] IN=eth0 OUT=eth0 SRC=aaa.bbb.ccc.dd DST=192.168.1.100 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=45 ID=27518 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=54201 DPT=3389 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 Feb 6 11:11:24 localhost kernel: [171994.856701] [UFW AUDIT] IN=eth0 OUT=eth0 SRC=aaa.bbb.ccc.dd DST=192.168.1.100 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=45 ID=27519 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=54201 DPT=3389 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 Feb 6 11:11:24 localhost kernel: [171994.856723] [UFW ALLOW] IN=eth0 OUT=eth0 SRC=aaa.bbb.ccc.dd DST=192.168.1.100 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=45 ID=27519 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=54201 DPT=3389 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 Feb 6 11:11:30 localhost kernel: [172000.856656] [UFW AUDIT] IN=eth0 OUT=eth0 SRC=aaa.bbb.ccc.dd DST=192.168.1.100 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=45 ID=27520 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=54201 DPT=3389 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 Feb 6 11:11:30 localhost kernel: [172000.856678] [UFW ALLOW] IN=eth0 OUT=eth0 SRC=aaa.bbb.ccc.dd DST=192.168.1.100 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=45 ID=27520 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=54201 DPT=3389 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 Although this is the current setup / configuration, I've also tried several variations of this; I thought maybe the ISP would be blocking 3389 for some reason and tried using different ports, but again there was no connection. Any ideas...? Did I forget to modify some file somewhere?

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• FFmpeg extract clip - stream frame rate differs from container frame rate (x264, aac)

  - by fideli

  Summary H.264 video seems to have a really high frame rate that requires a scaling factor to the applied to the duration of video that I'm trying to extract (900x lower). Body I'm trying to extract a clip from a movie that I have in MP4 format (created using Handbrake). After trying mencoder and VLC, I decided to give FFmpeg a shot since it was the least troublesome when it came to copying the codecs. That is, compared to mencoder and VLC, the resulting file was still playable in QuickTime (I know about Perian, etc, I'm just trying to learn how all this works). Anyway, my command was as follows: ffmpeg -ss 01:15:51 -t 00:05:59 -i outofsight.mp4 \ -acodec copy -vcodec copy clip.mp4 During the copy, The following comes up: Seems stream 0 codec frame rate differs from container frame rate: 45000.00 (45000/1) -> 25.00 (25/1) Input #0, mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2, from outofsight.mp4': Duration: 01:57:42.10, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 830 kb/s Stream #0.0(und): Video: h264, yuv420p, 720x384, 25 tbr, 22500 tbn, 45k tbc Stream #0.1(eng): Audio: aac, 48000 Hz, stereo, s16 Output #0, mp4, to 'out.mp4': Stream #0.0(und): Video: libx264, yuv420p, 720x384, q=2-31, 90k tbn, 22500 tbc Stream #0.1(eng): Audio: libfaac, 48000 Hz, stereo, s16 Stream mapping: Stream #0.0 -> #0.0 Stream #0.1 -> #0.1 Press [q] to stop encoding frame= 2591 fps=2349 q=-1.0 size= 8144kB time=101.60 bitrate= 656.7kbits/s … Instead of a 5:59 duration clip, I get the entire rest of the movie. So, to test this, I ran the ffmpeg command with -t 00:00:01. What I got was exactly a 15:00 minute clip. So I did some black box engineering and decided to scale my -t option by calculating what value to enter given that 1 second was interpreted as 900 s. For my desired 359 s clip, I calculated 0.399 s and so my ffmpeg command became: ffmpeg -ss 01:15.51 -t 00:00:00.399 -i outofsight.mp4 \ -acodec copy -vcodec copy clip.mp4 This works, but I have no idea why the duration is scaled by 900. Investigating further, each ffmpeg run has the line: Seems stream 0 codec frame rate differs from container frame rate: 45000.00 (45000/1) -> 25.00 (25/1) 45000/25 = 1800. Must be a relation somewhere. Somehow, the obscenely high frame rate is causing issues with the timing. How is that frame rate so high? The best part about this is that the resulting clip.mp4 has the exact same feature (due to the copied video codec), and taking further clips from this needs the same scaling for the -t duration option. Therefore, I've made it available for anyone willing to check this out. Appendix The preamble for ffmpeg on my system (built using MacPorts ffmpeg port): FFmpeg version 0.5, Copyright (c) 2000-2009 Fabrice Bellard, et al. configuration: --prefix=/opt/local --disable-vhook --enable-gpl --enable-postproc --enable-swscale --enable-avfilter --enable-avfilter-lavf --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libvorbis --enable-libtheora --enable-libdirac --enable-libschroedinger --enable-libfaac --enable-libfaad --enable-libxvid --enable-libx264 --mandir=/opt/local/share/man --enable-shared --enable-pthreads --cc=/usr/bin/gcc-4.2 --arch=x86_64 libavutil 49.15. 0 / 49.15. 0 libavcodec 52.20. 0 / 52.20. 0 libavformat 52.31. 0 / 52.31. 0 libavdevice 52. 1. 0 / 52. 1. 0 libavfilter 1. 4. 0 / 1. 4. 0 libswscale 1. 7. 1 / 1. 7. 1 libpostproc 51. 2. 0 / 51. 2. 0 built on Jan 4 2010 21:51:51, gcc: 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5646) (dot 1) EDIT Not sure whether it was a bug or not, but it seems to be fixed now in my current version of ffmpeg, at least for this video (version 0.6.1 from MacPorts).

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• Ubuntu 9.10 and Squid 2.7 Transparent Proxy TCP_DENIED

  - by user38400

  Hi, We've spent the last two days trying to get squid 2.7 to work with ubuntu 9.10. The computer running ubuntu has two network interfaces: eth0 and eth1 with dhcp running on eth1. Both interfaces have static ip's, eth0 is connected to the Internet and eth1 is connected to our LAN. We have followed literally dozens of different tutorials with no success. The tutorial here was the last one we did that actually got us some sort of results: http://www.basicconfig.com/linuxnetwork/setup_ubuntu_squid_proxy_server_beginner_guide. When we try to access a site like seriouswheels.com from the LAN we get the following message on the client machine: ERROR The requested URL could not be retrieved Invalid Request error was encountered while trying to process the request: GET / HTTP/1.1 Host: www.seriouswheels.com Connection: keep-alive User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux x86_64; en-US) AppleWebKit/532.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/5.0.307.11 Safari/532.9 Cache-Control: max-age=0 Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,/;q=0.5 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Cookie: __utmz=88947353.1269218405.1.1.utmccn=(direct)|utmcsr=(direct)|utmcmd=(none); __qca=P0-1052556952-1269218405250; __utma=88947353.1027590811.1269218405.1269218405.1269218405.1; __qseg=Q_D Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Some possible problems are: Missing or unknown request method. Missing URL. Missing HTTP Identifier (HTTP/1.0). Request is too large. Content-Length missing for POST or PUT requests. Illegal character in hostname; underscores are not allowed. Your cache administrator is webmaster. Below are all the configuration files: /etc/squid/squid.conf, /etc/network/if-up.d/00-firewall, /etc/network/interfaces, /var/log/squid/access.log. Something somewhere is wrong but we cannot figure out where. Our end goal for all of this is the superimpose content onto every page that a client requests on the LAN. We've been told that squid is the way to do this but at this point in the game we are just trying to get squid setup correctly as our proxy. Thanks in advance. squid.conf acl all src all acl manager proto cache_object acl localhost src 127.0.0.1/32 acl to_localhost dst 127.0.0.0/8 acl localnet src 192.168.0.0/24 acl SSL_ports port 443 # https acl SSL_ports port 563 # snews acl SSL_ports port 873 # rsync acl Safe_ports port 80 # http acl Safe_ports port 21 # ftp acl Safe_ports port 443 # https acl Safe_ports port 70 # gopher acl Safe_ports port 210 # wais acl Safe_ports port 1025-65535 # unregistered ports acl Safe_ports port 280 # http-mgmt acl Safe_ports port 488 # gss-http acl Safe_ports port 591 # filemaker acl Safe_ports port 777 # multiling http acl Safe_ports port 631 # cups acl Safe_ports port 873 # rsync acl Safe_ports port 901 # SWAT acl purge method PURGE acl CONNECT method CONNECT http_access allow manager localhost http_access deny manager http_access allow purge localhost http_access deny purge http_access deny !Safe_ports http_access deny CONNECT !SSL_ports http_access allow localhost http_access allow localnet http_access deny all icp_access allow localnet icp_access deny all http_port 3128 hierarchy_stoplist cgi-bin ? cache_dir ufs /var/spool/squid/cache1 1000 16 256 access_log /var/log/squid/access.log squid refresh_pattern ^ftp: 1440 20% 10080 refresh_pattern ^gopher: 1440 0% 1440 refresh_pattern -i (/cgi-bin/|\?) 0 0% 0 refresh_pattern (Release|Package(.gz)*)$ 0 20% 2880 refresh_pattern . 0 20% 4320 acl shoutcast rep_header X-HTTP09-First-Line ^ICY.[0-9] upgrade_http0.9 deny shoutcast acl apache rep_header Server ^Apache broken_vary_encoding allow apache extension_methods REPORT MERGE MKACTIVITY CHECKOUT cache_mgr webmaster cache_effective_user proxy cache_effective_group proxy hosts_file /etc/hosts coredump_dir /var/spool/squid access.log 1269243042.740 0 192.168.1.11 TCP_DENIED/400 2576 GET NONE:// - NONE/- text/html 00-firewall iptables -F iptables -t nat -F iptables -t mangle -F iptables -X echo 1 | tee /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -j MASQUERADE iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-port 3128 networking auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 142.104.109.179 netmask 255.255.224.0 gateway 142.104.127.254 auto eth1 iface eth1 inet static address 192.168.1.100 netmask 255.255.255.0

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• Hosting a subversion working copy in an remote WebDAV folder

  - by Daniel Baulig

  This might be a bit awkward, but I'll try to explain what I am trying to achieve and what problems I encountered. First of all: whats this about? I am currently trying to set up a distributed working enviroment for developing a web page. My plan was to setup a SVN repository for version control, a live server where the actual live page ist hosted and a development server where I can work on the page. To ease things I intended to not have a local copy of the project on my disk, but to actually work directy on the files, that the development server hosts. For that I setup a WebDAV directory, under devserver.com/workspace, that actually mapped to files served under devserver.com/. So I could connect to devserver.com/workspace, change something and view the results live at devserver.com/. So far this worked perfectly. The next step was to create a SVN repository that would take care of my version control. I intended to be able to checkin to the reposiroty from my development server and at any time, with a small shell script, deploy any revision from the svn to the live server by checking out a copy of the revision into the live server directories. The second part, checking out into the live server, also worked perfectly. The first part though is where problems arose: My workstation is a Windows 7 machine. I connected to the WebDAV share using Windows built-in WebDAV support, which worked quite well. I can create, move, delete, edit, whatever files on my WebDAV share from my Windows machine perfectly. The next step was to checkout a working copy from the SVN (actually hosted at devserver.com/subversion/) into the WebDAV share. In the first try I used the Eclipse plugin subversive. The actual checkout worked fine and I can update and commit stuff to the repository, however, I cannot add any files to the ignore list. It always brings me an error. So I tried the same thing with a complete fresh repository using TortoiseSVN - and again it failed with the same errors. Here is what it says when trying to add files to svnignore: Some of selected resources were not added to ignore. svn: Cannot rename file '\\devserver.com@SSL\DavWWWRoot\workspace\.svn\tmp\dir-props.66fd8936-2701-0010-bb76-472f0b56a5d1.tmp' to '\\devserver.com@SSL\DavWWWRoot\workspace\.svn\tmp\dir-props' This is what apache2 tells me, when I try to add a file to svnignore: [Sun Mar 07 03:54:19 2010] [error] [client xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx] Negotiation: discovered file(s) matching request: /var/www/devserver.com/.svn/tmp/dir-props (None could be negotiated). [Sun Mar 07 03:54:31 2010] [error] [client xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx] (20)Not a directory: The URL contains extraneous path components. The resource could not be identified. [400, #0] Actually both messages are repeated several times. The first one occurs first and is repeated about 5 times and the second comes there after and is repeated propably more than 20 times. If I create a regular file, delete, rename or modify it none of those messages appear in my error.log While writing this question now I was able to add fils to svnignore using TortoiseSVN. However, after that, Eclipse would not let me commit anymore. The error that used to pop up when adding files to svnignore now also shows up while commiting. While searching the web I found some people having this same message appearing because they had files only different in upper- / lower-case naming. I checked my repository and did not find such files. I also read somewhere about people having troubles with WebDAV and file locking, because WebDAV's file locking capabilities seem to be very limited. At some stage I got errors telling me my repository was locked and thus the operations could not be completed. This error though did not appear anymore, since I setup a completely fresh repository and working copy. I would really appreciate any help anyone can provide me in fixing this problem! If there are any more questions feel free to ask. I know this is a somewhat unusual setup. Best regards, Daniel

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• Why do we get a sudden spike in response times?

  - by Christian Hagelid

  We have an API that is implemented using ServiceStack which is hosted in IIS. While performing load testing of the API we discovered that the response times are good but that they deteriorate rapidly as soon as we hit about 3,500 concurrent users per server. We have two servers and when hitting them with 7,000 users the average response times sit below 500ms for all endpoints. The boxes are behind a load balancer so we get 3,500 concurrents per server. However as soon as we increase the number of total concurrent users we see a significant increase in response times. Increasing the concurrent users to 5,000 per server gives us an average response time per endpoint of around 7 seconds. The memory and CPU on the servers are quite low, both while the response times are good and when after they deteriorate. At peak with 10,000 concurrent users the CPU averages just below 50% and the RAM sits around 3-4 GB out of 16. This leaves us thinking that we are hitting some kind of limit somewhere. The below screenshot shows some key counters in perfmon during a load test with a total of 10,000 concurrent users. The highlighted counter is requests/second. To the right of the screenshot you can see the requests per second graph becoming really erratic. This is the main indicator for slow response times. As soon as we see this pattern we notice slow response times in the load test. How do we go about troubleshooting this performance issue? We are trying to identify if this is a coding issue or a configuration issue. Are there any settings in web.config or IIS that could explain this behaviour? The application pool is running .NET v4.0 and the IIS version is 7.5. The only change we have made from the default settings is to update the application pool Queue Length value from 1,000 to 5,000. We have also added the following config settings to the Aspnet.config file: <system.web> <applicationPool maxConcurrentRequestsPerCPU="5000" maxConcurrentThreadsPerCPU="0" requestQueueLimit="5000" /> </system.web> More details: The purpose of the API is to combine data from various external sources and return as JSON. It is currently using an InMemory cache implementation to cache individual external calls at the data layer. The first request to a resource will fetch all data required and any subsequent requests for the same resource will get results from the cache. We have a 'cache runner' that is implemented as a background process that updates the information in the cache at certain set intervals. We have added locking around the code that fetches data from the external resources. We have also implemented the services to fetch the data from the external sources in an asynchronous fashion so that the endpoint should only be as slow as the slowest external call (unless we have data in the cache of course). This is done using the System.Threading.Tasks.Task class. Could we be hitting a limitation in terms of number of threads available to the process?

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• Cannot join Win7 workstations to Win2k8 domain

  - by wfaulk

  I am trying to connect a Windows 7 Ultimate machine to a Windows 2k8 domain and it's not working. I get this error: Note: This information is intended for a network administrator. If you are not your network's administrator, notify the administrator that you received this information, which has been recorded in the file C:\Windows\debug\dcdiag.txt. DNS was successfully queried for the service location (SRV) resource record used to locate a domain controller for domain "example.local": The query was for the SRV record for _ldap._tcp.dc._msdcs.example.local The following domain controllers were identified by the query: dc1.example.local dc2.example.local However no domain controllers could be contacted. Common causes of this error include: Host (A) or (AAAA) records that map the names of the domain controllers to their IP addresses are missing or contain incorrect addresses. Domain controllers registered in DNS are not connected to the network or are not running. The client is in an office connected remotely via MPLS to the data center where our domain controllers exist. I don't seem to have anything blocking connectivity to the DCs, but I don't have total control over the MPLS circuit, so it's possible that there's something blocking connectivity. I have tried multiple clients (Win7 Ultimate and WinXP SP3) in the one office and get the same symptoms on all of them. I have no trouble connecting to either of the domain controllers, though I have, admittedly, not tried every possible port. ICMP, LDAP, DNS, and SMB connections all work fine. Client DNS is pointing to the DCs, and "example.local" resolves to the two IP addresses of the DCs. I get this output from the NetLogon Test command line utility: C:\Windows\System32>nltest /dsgetdc:example.local Getting DC name failed: Status = 1355 0x54b ERROR_NO_SUCH_DOMAIN I have also created a separate network to emulate that office's configuration that's connected to the DC network via LAN-to-LAN VPN instead of MPLS. Joining Windows 7 computers from that remote network works fine. The only difference I can find between the two environments is the intermediate connectivity, but I'm out of ideas as to what to test or how to do it. What further steps should I take? (Note that this isn't actually my client workstation and I have no direct access to it; I'm forced to do remote hands access to it, which makes some of the obvious troubleshooting methods, like packet sniffing, more difficult. If I could just set up a system there that I could remote into, I would, but requests to that effect have gone unanswered.) 2011-08-25 update: I had DCDIAG.EXE run on a client attempting to join the domain: C:\Windows\System32>dcdiag /u:example\adminuser /p:********* /s:dc2.example.local Directory Server Diagnosis Performing initial setup: Ldap search capabality attribute search failed on server dc2.example.local, return value = 81 This sounds like it was able to connect via LDAP, but the thing that it was trying to do failed. But I don't quite follow what it was trying to do, much less how to reproduce it or resolve it. 2011-08-26 update: Using LDP.EXE to try and make an LDAP connection directly to the DCs results in these errors: ld = ldap_open("10.0.0.1", 389); Error <0x51: Fail to connect to 10.0.0.1. ld = ldap_open("10.0.0.2", 389); Error <0x51: Fail to connect to 10.0.0.2. ld = ldap_open("10.0.0.1", 3268); Error <0x51: Fail to connect to 10.0.0.1. ld = ldap_open("10.0.0.2", 3268); Error <0x51: Fail to connect to 10.0.0.2. This would seem to point fingers at LDAP connections being blocked somewhere. (And 0x51 == 81, which was the error from DCDIAG.EXE from yesterday's update.) I could swear I tested this using TELNET.EXE weeks ago, but now I'm thinking that I may have assumed that its clearing of the screen was telling me that it was waiting and not that it had connected. I'm tracking down LDAP connectivity problems now. This update may become an answer.

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• apache+mod_wsgi configuration for django project(s) on a quad core

  - by Stefano

  I've been experiment quite some time with a "typical" django setting upon nginx+apache2+mod_wsgi+memcached(+postgresql) (reading the doc and some questions on SO and SF, see comments) Since I'm still unsatisfied with the behavior (definitely because of some bad misconfiguration on my part) I would like to know what a good configuration would look like with these hypotesis: Quad-Core Xeon 2.8GHz 8 gigs memory several django projects (anything special related to this?) These are excerpts form my current confs: apache2 SetEnv VHOST null #WSGIPythonOptimize 2 <VirtualHost *:8082> ServerName subdomain.domain.com ServerAlias www.domain.com SetEnv VHOST subdomain.domain AddDefaultCharset UTF-8 ServerSignature Off LogFormat "%{X-Real-IP}i %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-agent}i\"" custom ErrorLog /home/project1/var/logs/apache_error.log CustomLog /home/project1/var/logs/apache_access.log custom AllowEncodedSlashes On WSGIDaemonProcess subdomain.domain user=www-data group=www-data threads=25 WSGIScriptAlias / /home/project1/project/wsgi.py WSGIProcessGroup %{ENV:VHOST} </VirtualHost> wsgi.py import os import sys # setting all the right paths.... _realpath = os.path.realpath(os.path.dirname(__file__)) _public_html = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(_realpath, '../')) sys.path.append(_realpath) sys.path.append(os.path.normpath(os.path.join(_realpath, 'apps'))) sys.path.append(os.path.normpath(_public_html)) sys.path.append(os.path.normpath(os.path.join(_public_html, 'libs'))) sys.path.append(os.path.normpath(os.path.join(_public_html, 'django'))) os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'settings' import django.core.handlers.wsgi _application = django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler() def application(environ, start_response): """ Launches django passing over some environment (domain name) settings """ application_group = environ['mod_wsgi.application_group'] """ wsgi application group is required. It's also used to generate the HOST.DOMAIN.TLD:PORT parameters to pass over """ assert application_group fields = application_group.replace('|', '').split(':') server_name = fields[0] os.environ['WSGI_APPLICATION_GROUP'] = application_group os.environ['WSGI_SERVER_NAME'] = server_name if len(fields) > 1 : os.environ['WSGI_PORT'] = fields[1] splitted = server_name.rsplit('.', 2) assert splitted >= 2 splited.reverse() if len(splitted) > 0 : os.environ['WSGI_TLD'] = splitted[0] if len(splitted) > 1 : os.environ['WSGI_DOMAIN'] = splitted[1] if len(splitted) > 2 : os.environ['WSGI_HOST'] = splitted[2] return _application(environ, start_response)` folder structure in case it matters (slightly shortened actually) /home/www-data/projectN/var/logs /project (contains manage.py, wsgi.py, settings.py) /project/apps (all the project ups are here) /django /libs Please forgive me in advance if I overlooked something obvious. My main question is about the apache2 wsgi settings. Are those fine? Is 25 threads an /ok/ number with a quad core for one only django project? Is it still ok with several django projects on different virtual hosts? Should I specify 'process'? Any other directive which I should add? Is there anything really bad in the wsgi.py file? I've been reading about potential issues with the standard wsgi.py file, should I switch to that? Or.. should this conf just be running fine, and I should look for issues somewhere else? So, what do I mean by "unsatisfied": well, I often get quite high CPU WAIT; but what is worse, is that relatively often apache2 gets stuck. It just does not answer anymore, and has to be restarted. I have setup a monit to take care of that, but it ain't a real solution. I have been wondering if it's an issue with the database access (postgresql) under heavy load, but even if it was, why would the apache2 processes get stuck? Beside these two issues, performance is overall great. I even tried New Relic and got very good average results.

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• Scenarios for Bazaar and SVN interaction

  - by Adam Badura

  At our company we are using SVN repository. I'm doing programming from both work (main place) and home (mostly experiments and refactoring). Those are two different machines, in different networks and almost never turned on at the same time (after all I'm either at work or at home...) I wanted to give a chance to some distributed version control system and solve some of the issues associated with SVN based process and having two machines. From git, Mercurial and Bazaar I chose to start with Bazaar since it claims that it is designed do be used by human beings. Its my first time with distributed system and having nice and easy user interface was important for me. Features I wanted to achieve were: Being able to update from SVN repository and commit to it. Being able to commit locally steps of my work on a task. Being able to have few separate tasks at the same time in their own local branches. Being able to share those branches between my work and home computer. As a means of transport between work and home computer I wanted to use a pen-drive. Company server will not work since I may not instal there anything. Neither will work a web service repository as I may not upload source code to web (especially if it would be public which seems to be a common case in free web services). This transport should be Bazaar-based (or what ever else I will end with) so it can be done more or less automatically but manual copying and pasting some folders or generating patch files (providing they would work - I have bad experience with patch files in SVN) would work as well if there is no better solution. Yet the pen-drive should only be used for transportation. I do not want to edit or build there. I tried following Bazaar guidelines for integration with SVN. But I failed. I tried both bzr svn-import and bzr checkout providing URL from my repository as both https://... and svn+https://.... In some cases it had some issues with certificates but the output specified argument to ignore them so I did that. Sometimes it asked me to log in (in other cases maybe it remembered... I don't know) which I did. All were running very slow (this could be our server issue) and at some point were interrupted due to connection interruption (this almost for sure is our server issue: it truncates the connection after some time). But since (as opposed to SVN) restarting starts a new rather than from point where it was interrupted I was unable to reach all the ~19000 revisions (ending usually somewhere around 150). What and how should I do with Bazaar? Is is possible to somehow import SVN repository from the local checkout (so that I do not suffer the connection truncation)? I was told that a colleague that used to work with us has done something similar (importing SVN repository with full history) with Mercurial like in no time. So I'm seriously considering now trying Mercurial even if only to see if that will work. But also what are your general guidelines to achieve the listed features?

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• Troubleshooting PHP email sending?

  - by darkAsPitch

  I created a website that occasionally emails users when they register/change their password/etc. Every other person however cannot or does not receive the emails. They are telling me that they are not even hitting their spam folders. I don't know a ton about MX records or email sending, but when I "Edit DNS Zone" for this domain in particular there is 1 MX record listed there. How do you go about troubleshooting botched PHP mail actions? UPDATE: Here is my super-simple php mailing code: $subject = "Subject Here"; $message = "Emails Message"; $to = $verified_user_data["email_address"]; $headers = "From: [email protected]\r\n" . "Reply-To: [email protected]\r\n" . "X-Mailer: PHP/" . phpversion(); //returns true on success, false on failure $email_result = mail($to, $subject, $message, $headers); re: "are you saying that some do and some do not?" @ Jacob Yes, basically. I send the emails containing the user's login username/password using similar code above. And I sell to fairly tech-savvy people. About 50% of the time, my customers claim they cannot find their welcome emails in their inbox OR in their spam box. It's as if it never arrived. I have the largest problem with Yahoo email addresses accepting my emails or so it seems. re: "The MX record at your end doesn't factor in, although the SPF record (or lack of it) will. How much access and control do you have on the server itself?" @ John Gardeniers I rent a dedicated server from Codero. Running CentOS 5, WHM + cPanel. I have full root access to the entire thing. Don't know much about MX records and/or SPF records. I just want the PHP mail function to work. It doesn't say much about that on the php mail function's help page. re: "What are you using for the SMTP server?" @ JonLim No idea. I use the code above when I need to fire off an email to a loyal customer, and that's it. Do I need to be worrying about SMTP servers? re: "Could be many, many things. Can you describe how you're sending mail in your code? i.e. are you relaying off of another mail server somewhere, using the local sendmail or postfix? Any consistency in domains that can/cannot receive email? Do you have a PTR record setup from the IP address that you're sending mail out as? What about SPF records?" @ gravyface I just described my simple code above! I believe I have been having the most trouble with Yahoo domains, however "independent" domains (probably running spamassasin) ex. [email protected] as opposed to [email protected] seem to give a lot of trouble as well. I do not know if I have a PTR record setup from the IP address I'm sending my mail from. It's probably the same IP address that I setup my domain on, because I didn't do anything extra special. No idea about SPF records either, where can I go to create one? Side Note: It's a crying shame what havoc the spammers have brought upon our beloved email system.

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• RAID and Partitions, guidance Needed

  - by beauregarde

  Alright I have a Biostar TA790GX3A2+ Mobo 2x Seagate 750Gb Hard drive (with 2 different speeds) an X4 9750 A GeForce 9800GT and 2GB RAM Hardware Specs link text I want to configure my computer with partitions in various RAID arrays. The Partitions I know i want (disk letters are mostly for reference here) C: XP Boot D: XP Swap E: XP Run F: Games G: Data The Partitions I think I want (repeat caveat) H: small FAT for Win Legacy and DOS I: Linux J: Linux Swap K-?M?: Other Linux /whatever partitions N & O: Attic for D1 and D2 What I'd like to do, is have C: written on Disk 1 (D1),.. D: on D2,.. E: and F: striped on D1 & D2,.. G: mirrored or D1 & D2,.. I: on D2 (so i can just switch disc boot priority to open in Ubuntu),.. J: on D1,.. and H: somewhere low on D1 I am inexperienced with VMs, so i am unsure as to whether those run out of XP, or whether i need to reserve a primary partition for them. However, I think they would be preferable for testing new OS's to scheduling a partition for the same purpose. I'm also not married to XP, but -64 IS pretty important to me. QUestion Time 1) Ignoring the irrationality of it all, is such a configuration possible? If not, can some pseudo-approximation be achieved? 2) My RAID is software, isnt it? 3) How much should I short a 750GB HD? And should i use that space for my attics, or for my attics and something else, or for something else (.iso's perhaps?)? 4) if XP is striped on D1 & D2, will that interfere egregiously with my Swap writes on D2? If so, would striping both XP and Swap relieve (or at least mitigate) that issue? Should XP and Swap just be written normally on 2 different HDs? 5) Should I keep DL's and Drivers on E: (XP Run), F: (Games), or elsewhere? 6) Is 4GB enough for C:? 7) Is 30GB enough (or too much) for E:? 8) How much to reserve for the Linux and sub-Linux partitions? Also, where on the platter do you think i should put them? 9) Am I a fool to use FAT16 instead of FAT32 for H: because I'd rather run 95 than 98SE? If not, do you think 2GB or 4GB? 10) I cant predict what my Max Commit Charge will be, so recommendations for Pagefile size? 5GB? 12GB? 11) VMs, where do I run them? do they exacerbate anything? Would it be better to just emulate Linux, 95, and DOS? EC) What havent I considered that I really should? Notes: computer is mostly for playing games and watching media, though I wouldnt rule out the use of particularly blah-intensive anything.

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• Tomcat dying silently on regular basis

  - by Hendrik

  My tomcat (6.0.32, Java Sun 1.6.0_22-b04 on Ubuntu 10.04) keeps crashing multiple times daily without any specific output in catalina.out. This usually happens on high load (see top output). Update: The pid-file is properly removed when this happens. Update 2: No CATALINA_OPTS set, _JAVA_OPTS are: export _JAVA_OPTIONS="-Xms128m -Xmx1024m -XX:MaxPermSize=512m \ -XX:MinHeapFreeRatio=20 \ -XX:MaxHeapFreeRatio=40 \ -XX:NewSize=10m \ -XX:MaxNewSize=10m \ -XX:SurvivorRatio=6 \ -XX:TargetSurvivorRatio=80 \ -XX:+CMSClassUnloadingEnabled \ -Djava.awt.headless=true \ -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote \ -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=37331 \ -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false \ -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=true \ -Djava.rmi.server.hostname=(myhostname) \ -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.password.file=/etc/java-6-sun/management/jmxremote.password \ -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.access.file=/etc/java-6-sun/management/jmxremote.access" Top: top - 12:40:03 up 9 days, 12:15, 3 users, load average: 30.00, 22.39, 21.91 Tasks: 89 total, 4 running, 85 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 53.2%us, 9.7%sy, 0.0%ni, 34.7%id, 1.5%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.8%si, 0.0%st Mem: 4194304k total, 3311304k used, 883000k free, 0k buffers Swap: 4194304k total, 0k used, 4194304k free, 0k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 25850 tomcat6 20 0 1981m 1.2g 11m S 161 29.6 11:41.56 java 12632 mysql 20 0 393m 97m 4452 S 141 2.4 1690:05 mysqld 14932 nobody 20 0 253m 44m 9152 R 56 1.1 3:26.57 php-cgi 7011 nobody 20 0 241m 31m 9124 S 30 0.8 1:35.96 php-cgi 10093 nobody 20 0 228m 18m 8520 S 25 0.5 2:29.97 php-cgi 27071 nobody 20 0 237m 28m 8640 S 11 0.7 3:13.72 php-cgi 3306 nobody 20 0 227m 16m 6736 R 7 0.4 2:29.83 php-cgi 7756 nobody 20 0 261m 58m 15m R 5 1.4 2:22.33 php-cgi 7129 www-data 20 0 3646m 7228 1896 S 2 0.2 0:36.65 nginx 2657 nobody 20 0 228m 18m 8540 S 1 0.5 1:59.51 php-cgi 7131 www-data 20 0 3645m 6464 1960 S 1 0.2 0:34.13 nginx 7140 www-data 20 0 3652m 12m 1896 S 1 0.3 0:35.80 nginx 619 nobody 20 0 231m 29m 15m S 0 0.7 2:33.46 php-cgi 16552 nobody 20 0 250m 41m 8784 S 0 1.0 2:48.12 php-cgi 17134 nobody 20 0 239m 37m 16m S 0 0.9 2:32.86 php-cgi 21004 nobody 20 0 243m 34m 8700 S 0 0.8 1:19.85 php-cgi 26105 root 20 0 19220 1392 1060 R 0 0.0 0:00.82 top 32430 nobody 20 0 256m 47m 9196 S 0 1.2 2:19.01 php-cgi 314 nobody 20 0 256m 47m 8804 S 0 1.1 1:46.00 php-cgi 2111 nobody 20 0 253m 44m 9196 S 0 1.1 3:01.14 php-cgi 2142 root 20 0 26452 2564 868 S 0 0.1 0:00.56 screen 2144 root 20 0 19484 2012 1368 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 bash 2333 nobody 20 0 249m 41m 9160 S 0 1.0 1:10.33 php-cgi 2552 root 20 0 19484 2260 1620 S 0 0.1 0:00.01 bash 2587 nobody 20 0 258m 49m 9192 S 0 1.2 2:04.50 php-cgi 2684 root 20 0 4092 652 540 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 xvfb-run 2696 root 20 0 60720 13m 2352 S 0 0.3 0:09.12 Xvfb 2759 root 20 0 617m 12m 4676 S 0 0.3 0:00.66 node 3514 nobody 20 0 270m 61m 9216 S 0 1.5 3:13.69 php-cgi 5270 root 20 0 25164 1324 1036 S 0 0.0 0:00.01 screen 5402 nobody 20 0 227m 16m 8032 S 0 0.4 1:33.61 php-cgi 5765 root 20 0 81180 3820 3028 S 0 0.1 0:00.31 sshd 5798 nobody 20 0 242m 32m 9124 S 0 0.8 1:52.08 php-cgi 5856 root 20 0 19496 2292 1636 S 0 0.1 0:00.03 bash 6442 root 20 0 62332 20m 1960 S 0 0.5 0:30.58 mrtg 7082 root 20 0 88992 1916 1636 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 PassengerWatchd I can't find any concrete reason for it, no Exceptions or messages of a shutdown in catalina.out (and no other logs in tomcat's log dir). I can start up the service and it will run for a few days or just minutes before dying again. Is there somewhere else i could look for output? Could the kernel start killing threads due to a lack of ressources and by that bring the VM down?

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• http.conf setup to simplify using 'localhost:81'

  - by Will

  I'm installing portable wampserver within my dropbox folder so I can access anywhere. I have this achieved and accessible using http://locahost:81 I want to access it by using a different address (dropping the :81 port number) such as http://myothersite. I'm fairly certain I need to add a virtualhosts directove somewhere within this, but I am not Apache experienced! This is the current Apache httpd.conf file: ServerRoot "C:/Users/will/Dropbox/Wampee-2.1-beta-2/bin/apache/apache2.2.17" Listen 81 ServerAdmin admin@localhost ServerName localhost:81 DocumentRoot "C:/Users/will/Dropbox/Wampee-2.1-beta-2/www/" <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order deny,allow Deny from all </Directory> <Directory "C:/Users/will/Dropbox/Wampee-2.1-beta-2/www/"> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks AllowOverride all # onlineoffline tag - don't remove Order Deny,Allow Deny from all Allow from 127.0.0.1 </Directory> <IfModule dir_module> DirectoryIndex index.php index.php3 index.html index.htm </IfModule> <FilesMatch "^\.ht"> Order allow,deny Deny from all Satisfy All </FilesMatch> ErrorLog "C:/Users/will/Dropbox/Wampee-2.1-beta-2/logs/apache_error.log" LogLevel warn <IfModule log_config_module> LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common <IfModule logio_module> LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio </IfModule> CustomLog "C:/Users/will/Dropbox/Wampee-2.1-beta-2/logs/access.log" common #CustomLog "logs/access.log" combined </IfModule> <IfModule alias_module> ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "cgi-bin/" </IfModule> <IfModule cgid_module> #Scriptsock logs/cgisock </IfModule> <Directory "cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options None Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> DefaultType text/plain <IfModule mime_module> TypesConfig conf/mime.types AddType application/x-compress .Z AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz AddType application/x-httpd-php .php AddType application/x-httpd-php .php3 </IfModule> # Server-pool management (MPM specific) #Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf # Multi-language error messages #Include conf/extra/httpd-multilang-errordoc.conf # Fancy directory listings Include conf/extra/httpd-autoindex.conf # Language settings #Include conf/extra/httpd-languages.conf # User home directories #Include conf/extra/httpd-userdir.conf # Real-time info on requests and configuration #Include conf/extra/httpd-info.conf # Virtual hosts #Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf # Local access to the Apache HTTP Server Manual #Include conf/extra/httpd-manual.conf # Distributed authoring and versioning (WebDAV) #Include conf/extra/httpd-dav.conf # Various default settings #Include conf/extra/httpd-default.conf # Secure (SSL/TLS) connections #Include conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf # # Note: The following must must be present to support # starting without SSL on platforms with no /dev/random equivalent # but a statically compiled-in mod_ssl. # <IfModule ssl_module> SSLRandomSeed startup builtin SSLRandomSeed connect builtin </IfModule> Include "C:/Users/will/Dropbox/Wampee-2.1-beta-2/alias/*" Include "C:/Users/will/Dropbox/Wampee-2.1-beta-2/MyWebAp ps/etc/alias/*"

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• I cut-to-move DCIM folder to ext SD when an auto android OS update popped up b4 I could choose target - Cannot recover 200+ photos

  - by ZeroG

  I was downloading my Exhibit II's DCIM camera folder (with month's of photos inside) to its external SD card, in order to transfer them into my laptop. In my overconfidence, I hurriedly chose cut-to-move (rather than copy-to-move) when KABOOM! —an automatic Android OS update popped up before I could choose the target!!! I figured everything was in cache & calmly tried to go through with the update. But that was not a typically seamless event. It showed downloading icon but hmm… since I rooted the phone it brought the command line up & recovery sequence. But neither Android nor I had yet downloaded any alternate custom ROM Files to internal SD to update from! So were they trying to make me unroot my phone by giving me some bogus update on the fly or just give me a hard time in trying to hand me down an unrooted ROM that I'd have to figure out how to root again? Yes, I know there was that blurb about overwriting a file of the same name but I was trying to shake the darn stubborn update being forced on my phone during this precarious moment. I thought I had frozen or turned off all those auto-updates previously. Anyway, phones are small & fingers are big (sigh)... I tried to reboot into safe mode but the resultant photo file was partially overwritten (200 files had names but Zero bytes in them). I thought maybe it was still hung in cache or deposited somewhere else but I have searched everywhere with file managers. Since I did not have Titanium backing up camera, photo folder or gallery, I cannot recover 200+ photos. Dumb. You can understand my dilemma as I am involved in the arts & although just a camera phone, most of these photos were historic & aesthetic or at least as to subject matter. Photo-ops don't reoccur. I have tried a couple of recovery apps from the market like Search Duplicates & Recover to no avail. I was only able to salvage stuff I'd sent out in messages. I've got several decades in computers & this is such a miserable beginner's piece of bad luck I can't believe it happened to me. They were precious photos! Yes, I turned on Titanium since & yes I even tried USB to laptop recoveries. Being on a MacBookPro I'm trying androidfiletransfer.dmg, but I'd have to upgrade to Peach Sunrise to get above Android 3.0 for that App to recognize the phone via USB & the programmer says installation zeros your data, so that pretty much toasts any secret hidden places where these photos may have been deposited. Don't want to do that & am still trying to find them. They certainly didn't make it to my external SD Card. If any of you techies out there know anything, please help & thanks. Despite decades of being in computing, unfamiliar & ever-changing hard or software can humble even the most seasoned veterans.

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• Intermittent 404 on select assets, LAMP stack

  - by Tom Lagier

  We have a LAMP stack WordPress server that is serving most assets correctly. However, one plugin's CSS file and several images are returning soft 404s roughly 20% of the time. I can't find any reference to the 404 in the access logs, but the browser is definitely receiving a 404 response from somewhere (WordPress, I would assume). When I use an alias URL that does not match the site URL but does resolve to the asset path, the resource loads correctly 100% of the time. However, using the site url only resolves for the select, problematic assets 20% of the time. You can test one of the problematic assets here: http://www.mreco.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/zero-cost.jpg However the alias link always resolves correctly: http://mr-eco.wordpress.promocampaigns.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/zero-cost.jpg Stranger, if I attempt to access outdated content that definitely does not exist on the server, at the live URL it returns the content roughly 50% of the time. Using the alias link, it 404s 100% of the time - the correct behavior. Error log and PHP error log are clean. A sample access log (pulled from grep 'zero-cost.jpg' /var/log/httpd/mr-eco-access_log) from several refreshes of the live direct link (where I am not seeing any 404's): 10.166.202.202 - - [28/May/2014:20:27:41 +0000] "GET /wp-content/uploads/2014/05/zero-cost.jpg HTTP/1.1" 304 - 10.166.202.202 - - [28/May/2014:20:27:42 +0000] "GET /wp-content/uploads/2014/05/zero-cost.jpg HTTP/1.1" 304 - 10.166.202.202 - - [28/May/2014:20:27:43 +0000] "GET /wp-content/uploads/2014/05/zero-cost.jpg HTTP/1.1" 304 - 10.166.202.202 - - [28/May/2014:20:27:43 +0000] "GET /wp-content/uploads/2014/05/zero-cost.jpg HTTP/1.1" 304 - 10.176.201.37 - - [28/May/2014:20:27:56 +0000] "GET /wp-content/uploads/2014/05/zero-cost.jpg HTTP/1.1" 200 57027 Chrome's dev tools list the following network activity before displaying 404 page content: zero-cost.jpg /wp-content/uploads/2014/05 GET 404 Not Found text/html Other 15.9?KB 73.2?KB 953?ms 947?ms My Apache configuration is standard, I've listed the virtual host entry and .htaccess file below. I can provide other parts of Apache config if necessary. Virtual host: <VirtualHost *:80> DocumentRoot /var/www/public_html/mr-eco.wordpress.promocampaigns.com ServerName www.mreco.org ServerAlias mreco.org mr-eco.wordpress.promocampaigns.com ErrorLog logs/mr-eco-error_log CustomLog logs/mr-eco-access_log common <Directory /var/www/public_html/mr-eco.wordpress.promocampaigns.com> AllowOverride All SetOutputFilter DEFLATE </Directory> </VirtualHost> .htaccess: # BEGIN WordPress <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> RewriteEngine On RewriteBase / RewriteRule ^index\.php$ - [L] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteRule . /index.php [L] </IfModule> # END WordPress I have checked for multiple A records and can confirm that there is a single A record pointing at the domain: ;; ANSWER SECTION: mreco.org. 60 IN A 50.18.58.174 I'm fairly new to systems administration, and at a complete loss as to what could cause this. In the past, inconsistently 404ing assets have been because of out-of-sync instances behind a load balancer. In this case, it is a single instance behind the load balancer. Because of the inconsistency, it feels like a caching issue. We don't make use of Apache caching, and as far as I know WordPress should not be caching either. What I've done so far: Reset WordPress permalinks Disabled WordPress plugins Re-generated WordPress .htaccess file Swapped ServerName and ServerAlias directives Cleared browser cache Confirmed disk location of resources Checked PHP, access, and error logs Confirmed correct DNS setup (can post if necessary) I'm at a total loss. Thanks for helping me out!

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• Linux not buffering block I/O when the device is not "in use" (i.e. mounted)

  - by Radek Hladík

  I am installing new server and I've found an interesting issue. The server is running Fedora 19 (3.11.7-200.fc19.x86_64 kernel) and is supposed to host a few KVM/Qemu virtual servers (mail server, file server, etc..). The HW is Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU 5160 @ 3.00GHz with 16GB RAM. One of the most important features will be Samba server and we have decided to make it as virtual machine with almost direct access to the disks. So the real HDD is cached on SSD (via bcache) then raided with md and the final device is exported into the virtual machine via virtio. The virtual machine is again Fedora 19 with the same kernel. One important topic to find out is whether the virtualization layer will not introduce high overload into disk I/Os. So far I've been able to get up to 180MB/s in VM and up to 220MB/s on real HW (on the SSD disk). I am still not sure why the overhead is so big but it is more than the network can handle so I do not care so much. The interesting thing is that I've found that the disk reads are not buffered in the VM unless I create and mount FS on the disk or I use the disks somehow. Simply put: Lets do dd to read disk for the first time (the /dev/vdd is an old Raptor disk 70MB/s is its real speed): [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/vdd of=/dev/null bs=256k count=10000 ; cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers 2621440000 bytes (2.6 GB) copied, 36.8038 s, 71.2 MB/s Buffers: 14444 kB Rereading the data shows that they are cached somewhere but not in buffers of the VM. Also the speed increased to "only" 500MB/s. The VM has 4GB of RAM (more that the test file) [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/vdd of=/dev/null bs=256k count=10000 ; cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers 2621440000 bytes (2.6 GB) copied, 5.16016 s, 508 MB/s Buffers: 14444 kB [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/vdd of=/dev/null bs=256k count=10000 ; cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers 2621440000 bytes (2.6 GB) copied, 5.05727 s, 518 MB/s Buffers: 14444 kB Now lets mount the FS on /dev/vdd and try the dd again: [root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/vdd /mnt/tmp [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/vdd of=/dev/null bs=256k count=10000 ; cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers 2621440000 bytes (2.6 GB) copied, 4.68578 s, 559 MB/s Buffers: 2574592 kB [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/vdd of=/dev/null bs=256k count=10000 ; cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers 2621440000 bytes (2.6 GB) copied, 1.50504 s, 1.7 GB/s Buffers: 2574592 kB While the first read was the same, all 2.6GB got buffered and the next read was at 1.7GB/s. And when I unmount the device: [root@localhost ~]# umount /mnt/tmp [root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers Buffers: 14452 kB [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/vdd of=/dev/null bs=256k count=10000 ; cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers 2621440000 bytes (2.6 GB) copied, 5.10499 s, 514 MB/s Buffers: 14468 kB The bcache was disabled while testing and the results are same on faster (newer) HDDs and on SSD (except for the initial read speed of course). To sum it up. When I read from the device via dd first time, it gets read from the disk. Next time I reread it gets cached in the host but not in the guest (thats actually the same issue, more on that later). When I mount the filesystem but try to read the device directly it gets cached in VM (via buffers). As soon as I stop "using" it, buffers are discarded and the device is not cached anymore in the VM. When I looked into buffers value on the host I realized that the situation is the same. The block I/O gets buffered only when the disk is in use, in this case it means "exported to a VM". On host, after all the measurement done: 3165552 buffers On the host, after the VM shutdown: 119176 buffers I know it is not important as the disks will be mounted all the time but I am curious and I would like to know why it is working like this.

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• nginx 502 Bad Gateway on every external site

  - by Leandros

  I just installed nginx and followed the guides on the official site, to set it up with php5-fpm, but it just won't work. Not even the default site, without php is working outside of my server. Tried listen = 127.0.0.1:7777 and listen = /var/run/php5-fpm.sock Both don't work. I can access http://localhost with lynx on my server, but not from somewhere else (with external ip obviously). Yes, the php5-fpm deamons are running, yes the port (80 and 7777) is opened. Don't work with php-cgi as well. My config: user www-data; worker_processes 4; pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 768; # multi_accept on; } http { ## # Basic Settings ## sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; keepalive_timeout 65; types_hash_max_size 2048; # server_tokens off; # server_names_hash_bucket_size 64; # server_name_in_redirect off; include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; ## # Logging Settings ## access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; ## # Gzip Settings ## gzip on; gzip_disable "msie6"; # gzip_vary on; # gzip_proxied any; # gzip_comp_level 6; # gzip_buffers 16 8k; # gzip_http_version 1.1; # gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript; ## # nginx-naxsi config ## # Uncomment it if you installed nginx-naxsi ## #include /etc/nginx/naxsi_core.rules; ## # nginx-passenger config ## # Uncomment it if you installed nginx-passenger ## #passenger_root /usr; #passenger_ruby /usr/bin/ruby; ## # Virtual Host Configs ## include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*; proxy_buffers 16 16k; proxy_buffer_size 32k; fastcgi_buffers 16 16k; fastcgi_buffer_size 32k; fastcgi_connect_timeout 300; fastcgi_send_timeout 300; fastcgi_read_timeout 300; } Server config: (symlinked to sites-enabled) server { server_name skilloverflow.de *.skilloverflow.de; root /var/www/blog.skilloverflow.de/htdocs; index index.php; error_log /var/log/nginx/skilloverflow.error.log; access_log /var/log/nginx/skilloverflow.access.log; location = /favicon.ico { log_not_found off; access_log off; } location = /robots.txt { allow all; log_not_found off; access_log off; } location / { # This is cool because no php is touched for static content. # include the "?$args" part so non-default permalinks doesn't break when using query string try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args; } location ~ [^/]\.php(/|$) { fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(/.*)$; if (!-f $document_root$fastcgi_script_name) { return 404; } fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:7777; fastcgi_index index.php; include fastcgi_params; } location ~* \.(js|css|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|ico)$ { expires max; log_not_found off; } # deny access to apache .htaccess files location ~ /\.ht { deny all; } # deny access to apache .htaccess files location ~ /\.ht { deny all; } } PHP Version: 5.4.17-1 nginx version: 1.2.1 Debian 6.0.7 Linux 2.6.32 Edit: Lighttpd is still installed, does that matter? It's not running though. Edit 2: No error or access log is generated. They're all empty.

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• How to setup linux permissions the WWW folder?

  - by Xeoncross

  Updated Summery The /var/www directory is owned by root:root which means that no one can use it and it's entirely useless. Since we all want a web server that actually works (and no-one should be logging in as "root"), then we need to fix this. Only two entities need access. PHP/Perl/Ruby/Python all need access to the folders and files since they create many of them (i.e. /uploads/). These scripting languages should be running under nginx or apache (or even some other thing like FastCGI for PHP). The developers How do they get access? I know that someone, somewhere has done this before. With however-many billions of websites out there you would think that there would be more information on this topic. I know that 777 is full read/write/execute permission for owner/group/other. So this doesn't seem to be needed as it leaves random users full permissions. What permissions are need to be used on /var/www so that... Source control like git or svn Users in a group like "websites" (or even added to "www-data") Servers like apache or lighthttpd And PHP/Perl/Ruby can all read, create, and run files (and directories) there? If I'm correct, Ruby and PHP scripts are not "executed" directly - but passed to an interpreter. So there is no need for execute permission on files in /var/www...? Therefore, it seems like the correct permission would be chmod -R 1660 which would make all files shareable by these four entities all files non-executable by mistake block everyone else from the directory entirely set the permission mode to "sticky" for all future files Is this correct? Update: I just realized that files and directories might need different permissions - I was talking about files above so i'm not sure what the directory permissions would need to be. Update 2: The folder structure of /var/www changes drastically as one of the four entities above are always adding (and sometimes removing) folders and sub folders many levels deep. They also create and remove files that the other 3 entities might need read/write access to. Therefore, the permissions need to do the four things above for both files and directories. Since non of them should need execute permission (see question about ruby/php above) I would assume that rw-rw-r-- permission would be all that is needed and completely safe since these four entities are run by trusted personal (see #2) and all other users on the system only have read access. Update 3: This is for personal development machines and private company servers. No random "web customers" like a shared host. Update 4: This article by slicehost seems to be the best at explaining what is needed to setup permissions for your www folder. However, I'm not sure what user or group apache/nginx with PHP OR svn/git run as and how to change them. Update 5: I have (I think) finally found a way to get this all to work (answer below). However, I don't know if this is the correct and SECURE way to do this. Therefore I have started a bounty. The person that has the best method of securing and managing the www directory wins.

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• Fix overscan in Linux with Intel graphics Vizio HDTV

  - by Padenton

  I am connecting my server to my HDTV so that I can conveniently display it there. My VIZIO HDTV cuts off all 4 edges. I already realize it is not optimal to be running a GUI on a server; this server will not have much external traffic so I prefer it for convenience. I have already spent countless hours searching for a fix, but all I could find required an ATI or NVIDIA graphics card, or didn’t work. In Windows, the Intel driver has a setting for underscan, though it seems only to be available by a glitch. Here’s my specs: Ubuntu Linux (Quantal 12.10) (Likely to switch to Arch) This is a home server computer, with KDE for managing(for now, at least) Graphics: Intel HD Graphics 4000 from Ivy Bridge Motherboard: ASRock Z77 Extreme4 CPU: Intel Core i5-3450 My monitors: Dell LCD monitor Vizio VX37L_HDTV10A 37" on HDMI input I have tried all of the following from both HDMI?HDMI and DVI?HDMI cables connected to the ports on my motherboard: Setting properties in xrandr Making sure drivers are all up to date Trying several different modes The TV was “cheap”; max resolution 1080i. I am able to get a 1920x1080 modeline, in both GNU/Linux and Windows, without difficulty. There is no setting in the menu to fix the overscan (I have tried all of them, I realize it’s not always called overscan). I have been in the service menu for the TV, which still does not contain an option to fix it. No aspect ratio settings, etc. The TV has a VGA connector but I am unsure if it would fix it, as I don’t have a VGA cable long enough, and am not sure it would get me the 1920x1080 resolution which I want. Using another resolution does not fix the problem. I tried custom modelines with the dimensions of my screen’s viewable area, but it wouldn’t let me use them. Ubuntu apparently doesn’t automatically generate an xorg.conf file for use. I read somewhere that modifying it may help solve it. I tried X -configure several times(with reboots, etc.) but it consistently gave the following error messages: In log file: … (WW) Falling back to old probe method for vesa Number of created screens does not match number of detected devices. Configuration failed. In output: … (++) Using config file: "/root/xorg.conf.new" (==) Using system config directory "/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d" Number of created screens does not match number of detected devices. Configuration failed. Server terminated with error (2). Closing log file. Tried using 'overscan' prop in xrandr: root@xxx:/home/xxx# xrandr --output HDMI1 --set overscan off X Error of failed request: BadName (named color or font does not exist) Major opcode of failed request: 140 (RANDR) Minor opcode of failed request: 11 (RRQueryOutputProperty) Serial number of failed request: 42 Current serial number in output stream: 42 'overscan on', 'underscan off', 'underscan on' were all also tried. Originally tried with Ubuntu 12.04, but failed and so updated to 12.10 when it was released. All software is up to date. I am not opposed to reinstalling my OS, likely will anyways (my preference being Arch).

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• Bizarre and very specific Internet connection loss

  - by Synetech

  Yesterday (Friday, September 21, 2012), my Internet connection started acting up. After some testing, I confirmed a very specific and baffling set of symptoms: Internet connection goes away every 25-35 minutes (I did not confirm the exact interval, but it seems to be about 30 mins.) Only some protocols are affected; HTTP*, P2P, etc. stop working; FTP, etc. continue to work When it’s stopped, cannot even ping router or cable-modem IPs or view their firmware pages Domain-names and IPs are irrelevant (for protocols that stop working, neither work, for those that still work, both work) Resetting router fixes it for another 30 minutes Keeping the connection idle or active doesn’t seem to make a difference (nor the bandwidth usage in that period) Connecting directly to cable-modem allows it to work indefinitely Disconnecting the router from the cable-modem works indefinitely (no Internet connection obviously, but can still access router IP and firmware page) Connecting the router to the cable-modem, but putting the modem on standby also works indefinitely Same problem with both a wireless laptop and wired (on any port) desktop (both Windows 7; will try to test Windows XP when possible) Nothing had changed in the days leading up to the issue. No modifications to the networking configuration or the router; there were not even any Windows updates except for an MSSE definition update. Waiting does not fix it, nor does any amount of fiddling with anything; only resetting the router fixes it for 30 minutes (resetting the cable-modem doesn't work either) I tried cleaning the pins in the router’s plugs, but that didn’t help, which was not really a surprise since I was not getting a lost connection error. Obviously my first thought was that the router was having a problem, and this is borne out by some tests. The problem is that when it drops, it is not a full drop since I can still do things like ftp ftp.mcafee.com and such which means that the connection and DNS are still working. Moreover, if it were the router, then why does it stay alive indefinitely when not connected to the cable-modem (i.e., no outside influence)? The problem doesn't seem to be either the cable-modem nor the router, but rather an interaction between the two, like something from the outside (port scan? hacker? ISP?) that is triggering a problem in the router. I see that there have been a couple of vulnerabilities for the DI-524, but those were a while back and should be fixed since I have the last firmware for it. I don’t think it’s my ISP (Rogers) since I have been using the router for several years without problem and can connect indefinitely when bypassing it. But I can’t rule them out since that is one of the only possible things that could have suddenly changed. Does anybody have any ideas of explanations, fixed, or tests? (I note that when I opened the router, I heard a very high-pitched noise from somewhere near the capacitors/ferrite ring which I don’t think I heard the last time I opened it a few years ago, but then if it were that, then why would it affect only a very small, specific set of functions?)

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• What would make a noise in a PC on graphics operations on a passively-cooled system?

  - by T.J. Crowder

  I have this system based on the Intel D510MO motherboard, which is basically an Atom D510 (dual-core HT Atom w/built-in GPU), an Intel NM10 chipset, and a Realtek Gigabit LAN controller. It's entirely passively cooled. I noticed almost immediately that there was a kind of very, very soft noise that corresponded with graphics operations, sort of the noise you'd get if you had a sheet of flat paper and slid something really light across it — but more electronic than that. I wrote it off as observation error and/or disk activity triggered by the graphics operation (although the latter seemed like a lot of unnecessary disk activity). It isn't. I got curious enough that I finally did a few controlled experiments, and here's what I've determined: It isn't the HDD. For one thing, the sounds the HDD makes (when seeking, when reading or writing, when just sitting there spinning) is different. For another, I used sudo hdparm -y /dev/sda (I'm using Ubuntu 10.04 LTS) to temporarily put the disk on standby while making sure that non-disk graphics op was happening in a loop. The disk spun down, but the other sound continued, corresponding perfectly with the timing of the graphics op. (Then the disk spun up again, but it takes long enough that I could rule out the HDD.) It isn't the monitor; I ensured the two were well physically-separated and the sound was definitely coming from the main box. It isn't something else in the room; the sound is coming from the box. It isn't cross-talk to an audio circuit coming out the speakers. (It doesn't have any speakers.) It isn't my mouse (e.g., when I'm trying to make graphics ops happen); the sound happens if I set up a recurring operation and don't use the mouse at all, or if I lift the mouse off the table slightly (but enough that the laser still registers movement). It isn't the voices in my head; they never whisper like that. Other observations: It doesn't seem to matter what the graphics operation is; anything that changes what's on the screen seems to do it. I get the sound when moving the mouse over the Chromium tab bar (which makes the tab backgrounds change); I get it when a web page has a counter on it that changes the text on the page: I get it when dragging window contents around. The sound is very, very slightly louder if the graphics op is larger, like scrolling a text area when writing a question on superuser.com, than for smaller operations like the tick counter on the web page. But it's very slight. It's fairly loud (and of good duration) when the op involves color changes to substantial surface areas. For instance, when asking a question here on superuser and you move the cursor between the question box and the tag box, and the help to the right fades out, changes, and fades back in. (Yet another example related to the web browser, so let me say: I hear it when operations completely unrelated to the web browser as well.) It doesn't sound like arcing or anything like that (I'd've shut off the machine Right Quick Like if it did). Moving windows does it. Scrolling windows (by and large) doesn't. I have the feeling I've heard this sort of thing before, when all system fans were on low and such, with other systems — but (again) written it off as observational error. For all the world it's like I'm hearing the CPU working (as opposed to the GPU; note the window scroll thing above) or data being transferred somewhere, but that just seems...unlikely. So what am I hearing? This may seem like a very localized question, but perhaps other silent PC enthusiasts may be interested as well...

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• synchronization of file locations between two machines

  - by intuited

  Although similar threads have been asked on this site and its siblings before, I've not managed to glean the answer to this persistent question. Any help is much appreciated. The situation: I've got two laptops; both contain a ton of music. Sometimes I move these music files to different locations, or change the metadata in them, or convert them to a different format. I might do any of these things on either machine. I rarely do all of them at once — ie it's unlikely that I'll convert a file's format and move it to a different location all in one go. I'd like to be able to synchronize these changes without having to sift through everything that was renamed or moved. I'm familiar with rsync but I find it inadequate, because although it can compute checksums, it doesn't have any way to store them. So if a file differs, it can't figure out which side it changed on. This also means that it can't attempt to match a missing file to a new one with the same checksum (ie a move) if the filesize and date are the same, it , so it takes an epoch to do a sync on a large repository. I would like to only check the checksum if the files even if you turn on checksumming, it still doesn't use it intelligently: ie it checksums files even if the sizes differ. IIRC. it's not able to use file metadata as a means of file comparison. this is sort of a wishlist item but it seems doable. I've also looked into rsnapshot, but its requirement to create a full backup is impractical in this situation. I don't need a backup, I just need a record of what file with each hash was where when. Unison seems like it might be able to do something vaguely along these lines, but I'm loathe to spend hours wading through its details only to discover that it's sadly lacking. Plus, it's fun asking questions on here. What I'd like is a tool that does something along these lines: keeps track of file checksums or of actual renames, possibly using inotify to greatly reduce resource consumption/latency stores a database containing this info, along with other pertinencies like the file format and metadata, the actual inode, the filename history, etc. uses this info to provide more-intelligent synchronization with a counterpart on the other side. So for example: if a file has been converted from flac to ogg, but kept the same base filename, or the same metadata, it should be able to send the new version over, and the other side should delete the original. Probably it should actually sequester it somewhere in case they or you screwed up, but that's a detail. And then when the transaction is done, the state is logged so that the next time the two interact they can work out their differences. Maybe all this metadata stuff is a fancy pipe dream. I would actually be pretty happy if there was something out there that could just use checksums in an intelligent way. This would be sort of like having the intelligence of something like git, minus the need to duplicate data in an index/backup/etc (and branching, and checkouts, and all the other great stuff that RCSs do. basically just fast forward commit pushes are all I want, with maybe the option to roll back.) So is there something out there that can do this? If not, can someone suggest a good way to start making it?

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• SSH Public Key Authentication only works if active session exists before

  - by Webx10

  I have a rather strange problem with my SSH configuration. I set up my server with the help of a Remote Access Card and configured everything with a KVM viewer. So while being logged into the server via the KVM Viewer I configured SSH with only pubkey and tried to login from my local laptop. It worked fine. If I quit the KVM Session (or logout with the user in the KVM session) I cannot login via ssh anymore (pubkey denied). SSH login only works as long as the user is somewhere still logged in. Any hints what the problem might be? Console output for a failed login (all personal data exchanged): OpenSSH_6.2p2, OSSLShim 0.9.8r 8 Dec 2011 debug1: Reading configuration data /Users/mylocaluser/.ssh/config debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh_config debug1: /etc/ssh_config line 20: Applying options for * debug1: /etc/ssh_config line 103: Applying options for * debug1: Connecting to 100.100.100.100 [100.100.100.100] port 12345. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /Users/mylocaluser/.ssh/id_rsa type 1 debug1: identity file /Users/mylocaluser/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /Users/mylocaluser/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 debug1: identity file /Users/mylocaluser/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1 debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_6.2 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_6.6.1p1 Ubuntu-2ubuntu2 debug1: match: OpenSSH_6.6.1p1 Ubuntu-2ubuntu2 pat OpenSSH* debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr [email protected] none debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr [email protected] none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: Server host key: RSA ab:12:23:34:45:56:67:78:89:90:12:23:34:45:56:67 debug1: Host '[100.100.100.100]:12345' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /Users/mylocaluser/.ssh/known_hosts:36 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: Roaming not allowed by server debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering RSA public key: /Users/mylocaluser/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey debug1: Offering RSA public key: /Users/mylocaluser/.ssh/id_rsa2 debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /Users/mylocaluser/.ssh/id_dsa debug1: No more authentication methods to try. Permission denied (publickey). Console output for a successfull login (only possible while "active session" exists): OpenSSH_6.2p2, OSSLShim 0.9.8r 8 Dec 2011 debug1: Reading configuration data /Users/mylocaluser/.ssh/config debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh_config debug1: /etc/ssh_config line 20: Applying options for * debug1: /etc/ssh_config line 103: Applying options for * debug1: Connecting to 100.100.100.100 [100.100.100.100] port 12345. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /Users/mylocaluser/.ssh/id_rsa type 1 debug1: identity file /Users/mylocaluser/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /Users/mylocaluser/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 debug1: identity file /Users/mylocaluser/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1 debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_6.2 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_6.6.1p1 Ubuntu-2ubuntu2 debug1: match: OpenSSH_6.6.1p1 Ubuntu-2ubuntu2 pat OpenSSH* debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr [email protected] none debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr [email protected] none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: Server host key: RSA ab:12:23:34:45:56:67:78:89:90:12:23:34:45:56:67 debug1: Host '[100.100.100.100]:12345' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /Users/mylocaluser/.ssh/known_hosts:36 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: Roaming not allowed by server debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering RSA public key: /Users/mylocaluser/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Server accepts key: pkalg ssh-rsa blen 279 debug1: Authentication succeeded (publickey). Authenticated to 100.100.100.100 ([100.100.100.100]:12345). debug1: channel 0: new [client-session] debug1: Requesting [email protected] debug1: Entering interactive session. debug1: Sending environment. debug1: Sending env LANG = de_DE.UTF-8 Welcome to Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS

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• How to automate org-refile for multiple todo

  - by lawlist

  I'm looking to automate org-refile so that it will find all of the matches and re-file them to a specific location (but not archive). I found a fully automated method of archiving multiple todo, and I am hopeful to find or create (with some help) something similar to this awesome function (but for a different heading / location other than archiving): https://github.com/tonyday567/jwiegley-dot-emacs/blob/master/dot-org.el (defun org-archive-done-tasks () (interactive) (save-excursion (goto-char (point-min)) (while (re-search-forward "\* \\(None\\|Someday\\) " nil t) (if (save-restriction (save-excursion (org-narrow-to-subtree) (search-forward ":LOGBOOK:" nil t))) (forward-line) (org-archive-subtree) (goto-char (line-beginning-position)))))) I also found this (written by aculich), which is a step in the right direction, but still requires repeating the function manually: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7509463/how-to-move-a-subtree-to-another-subtree-in-org-mode-emacs ;; I also wanted a way for org-refile to refile easily to a subtree, so I wrote some code and generalized it so that it will set an arbitrary immediate target anywhere (not just in the same file). ;; Basic usage is to move somewhere in Tree B and type C-c C-x C-m to mark the target for refiling, then move to the entry in Tree A that you want to refile and type C-c C-w which will immediately refile into the target location you set in Tree B without prompting you, unless you called org-refile-immediate-target with a prefix arg C-u C-c C-x C-m. ;; Note that if you press C-c C-w in rapid succession to refile multiple entries it will preserve the order of your entries even if org-reverse-note-order is set to t, but you can turn it off to respect the setting of org-reverse-note-order with a double prefix arg C-u C-u C-c C-x C-m. (defvar org-refile-immediate nil "Refile immediately using `org-refile-immediate-target' instead of prompting.") (make-local-variable 'org-refile-immediate) (defvar org-refile-immediate-preserve-order t "If last command was also `org-refile' then preserve ordering.") (make-local-variable 'org-refile-immediate-preserve-order) (defvar org-refile-immediate-target nil) "Value uses the same format as an item in `org-refile-targets'." (make-local-variable 'org-refile-immediate-target) (defadvice org-refile (around org-immediate activate) (if (not org-refile-immediate) ad-do-it ;; if last command was `org-refile' then preserve ordering (let ((org-reverse-note-order (if (and org-refile-immediate-preserve-order (eq last-command 'org-refile)) nil org-reverse-note-order))) (ad-set-arg 2 (assoc org-refile-immediate-target (org-refile-get-targets))) (prog1 ad-do-it (setq this-command 'org-refile))))) (defadvice org-refile-cache-clear (after org-refile-history-clear activate) (setq org-refile-targets (default-value 'org-refile-targets)) (setq org-refile-immediate nil) (setq org-refile-immediate-target nil) (setq org-refile-history nil)) ;;;###autoload (defun org-refile-immediate-target (&optional arg) "Set current entry as `org-refile' target. Non-nil turns off `org-refile-immediate', otherwise `org-refile' will immediately refile without prompting for target using most recent entry in `org-refile-targets' that matches `org-refile-immediate-target' as the default." (interactive "P") (if (equal arg '(16)) (progn (setq org-refile-immediate-preserve-order (not org-refile-immediate-preserve-order)) (message "Order preserving is turned: %s" (if org-refile-immediate-preserve-order "on" "off"))) (setq org-refile-immediate (unless arg t)) (make-local-variable 'org-refile-targets) (let* ((components (org-heading-components)) (level (first components)) (heading (nth 4 components)) (string (substring-no-properties heading))) (add-to-list 'org-refile-targets (append (list (buffer-file-name)) (cons :regexp (format "^%s %s$" (make-string level ?*) string)))) (setq org-refile-immediate-target heading)))) (define-key org-mode-map "\C-c\C-x\C-m" 'org-refile-immediate-target) It sure would be helpful if aculich, or some other maven, could please create a variable similar to (setq org-archive-location "~/0.todo.org::* Archived Tasks") so users can specify the file and heading, which is already a part of the org-archive-subtree functionality. I'm doing a search and mark because I don't have the wherewithal to create something like org-archive-location for this setup. EDIT: One step closer -- almost home free . . . (defun lawlist-auto-refile () (interactive) (beginning-of-buffer) (re-search-forward "\* UNDATED") (org-refile-immediate-target) ;; cursor must be on a heading to work. (save-excursion (re-search-backward "\* UNDATED") ;; must be written in such a way so that sub-entries of * UNDATED are not searched; or else infinity loop. (while (re-search-backward "\* \\(None\\|Someday\\) " nil t) (org-refile) ) ) )

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