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• What are five things you hate about your favorite language?

  - by brian d foy

  There's been a cluster of Perl-hate on Stackoverflow lately, so I thought I'd bring my "Five things you hate about your favorite language" question to StackOverflow. Take your favorite language and tell me five things you hate about it. Those might be things that just annoy you, admitted design flaws, recognized performance problems, or any other category. You just have to hate it, and it has to be your favorite language. Don't compare it to another language, and don't talk about languages that you already hate. Don't talk about the things you like in your favorite language. I just want to hear the things that you hate but tolerate so you can use all of the other stuff, and I want to hear it about the language you wished other people would use. I ask this whenever someone tries to push their favorite language on me, and sometimes as an interview question. If someone can't find five things to hate about his favorite tool, he don't know it well enough to either advocate it or pull in the big dollars using it. He hasn't used it in enough different situations to fully explore it. He's advocating it as a culture or religion, which means that if I don't choose his favorite technology, I'm wrong. I don't care that much which language you use. Don't want to use a particular language? Then don't. You go through due diligence to make an informed choice and still don't use it? Fine. Sometimes the right answer is "You have a strong programming team with good practices and a lot of experience in Bar. Changing to Foo would be stupid." This is a good question for code reviews too. People who really know a codebase will have all sorts of suggestions for it, and those who don't know it so well have non-specific complaints. I ask things like "If you could start over on this project, what would you do differently?" In this fantasy land, users and programmers get to complain about anything and everything they don't like. "I want a better interface", "I want to separate the model from the view", "I'd use this module instead of this other one", "I'd rename this set of methods", or whatever they really don't like about the current situation. That's how I get a handle on how much a particular developer knows about the codebase. It's also a clue about how much of the programmer's ego is tied up in what he's telling me. Hate isn't the only dimension of figuring out how much people know, but I've found it to be a pretty good one. The things that they hate also give me a clue how well they are thinking about the subject.

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• Variable sized packet structs with vectors

  - by Rev316

  Lately I've been diving into network programming, and I'm having some difficulty constructing a packet with a variable "data" property. Several prior questions have helped tremendously, but I'm still lacking some implementation details. I'm trying to avoid using variable sized arrays, and just use a vector. But I can't get it to be transmitted correctly, and I believe it's somewhere during serialization. Now for some code. Packet Header class Packet { public: void* Serialize(); bool Deserialize(void *message); unsigned int sender_id; unsigned int sequence_number; std::vector<char> data; }; Packet ImpL typedef struct { unsigned int sender_id; unsigned int sequence_number; std::vector<char> data; } Packet; void* Packet::Serialize(int size) { Packet* p = (Packet *) malloc(8 + 30); p->sender_id = htonl(this->sender_id); p->sequence_number = htonl(this->sequence_number); p->data.assign(size,'&'); //just for testing purposes } bool Packet::Deserialize(void *message) { Packet *s = (Packet*)message; this->sender_id = ntohl(s->sender_id); this->sequence_number = ntohl(s->sequence_number); this->data = s->data; } During execution, I simply create a packet, assign it's members, and send/receive accordingly. The above methods are only responsible for serialization. Unfortunately, the data never gets transferred. Couple of things to point out here. I'm guessing the malloc is wrong, but I'm not sure how else to compute it (i.e. what other value it would be). Other than that, I'm unsure of the proper way to use a vector in this fashion, and would love for someone to show me how (code examples please!) :) Edit: I've awarded the question to the most comprehensive answer regarding the implementation with a vector data property. Appreciate all the responses!

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• Design Technique: How to design a complex system for processing orders, products and units.

  - by Shyam

  Hi, Programming is fun: I learned that by trying out simple challenges, reading up some books and following some tutorials. I am able to grasp the concepts of writing with OO (I do so in Ruby), and write a bit of code myself. What bugs me though is that I feel re-inventing the wheel: I haven't followed an education or found a book (a free one that is) that explains me the why's instead of the how's, and I've learned from the A-team that it is the plan that makes it come together. So, armed with my nuby Ruby skills, I decided I wanted to program a virtual store. I figured out the following: My virtual Store will have: Products and Services Inventories Orders and Shipping Customers Now this isn't complex at all. With the help of some cool tools (CMapTools), I drew out some concepts, but quickly enough (thanks to my inferior experience in designing), my design started to bite me. My very first product-line were virtual "laptops". So, I created a class (Ruby): class Product attr_accessor :name, :price def initialize(name, price) @name = name @price = price end end which can be instantiated by doing (IRb) x = Product.new("Banana Pro", 250) Since I want my virtual customers to be able to purchase more than one product, or various types, I figured out I needed some kind of "Order" mechanism. class Order def initialize(order_no) @order_no = order_no @line_items = [] end def add_product(myproduct) @line_items << myproduct end def show_order() puts @order_no @line_items.each do |x| puts x.name.to_s + "\t" + x.price.to_s end end end that can be instantiated by doing (IRb) z = Order.new(1234) z.add_product(x) z.show_order Splendid, I have now a very simple ordering system that allows me to add products to an order. But, here comes my real question. What if I have three models of my product (economy, business, showoff)? Or have my products be composed out of separate units (bigger screen, nicer keyboard, different OS)? Surely I could make them three separate products, or add complexity to my product class, but I am looking for are best practices to design a flexible product object that can be used in the real world, to facilitate a complex system. My apologies if my grammar and my spelling are with error, as english is not my first language and I took the time to check as far I could understand and translate properly! Thank you for your answers, comments and feedback!

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• L-Soft LISTSERV TCPGUI Interface for PHP Creation

  - by poolnoodl

  I'm trying to use LISTSERV's "API" in PHP. L-Soft calls this TCPGUI, and essentially, you can request data like over Telnet. To do this, I'm using PHP's TCP socket functions. I've seen this done in other languages but can't quite convert it to PHP. I can connect, I can change set ASCII or BINARY mode. But I can never quite craft the header packet the way I need to authenticate, so I'm thinking I'm messing up my conversion. C: http://www.lsoft.com/manuals/16.0/htmlhelp/advanced%20topics/TCPGUI.html#2334328 $origin = '[email protected]'; $pwd = 'password'; $host = "example.com"; $port = 2306; $email = "[email protected]"; $list = "mailinglist"; $command = "Query $list FOR $email"; $fp = stream_socket_client("tcp://$host:$port", $errno, $errstr, 30); $cmd = $command . " PW=" . $pwd; $len = strlen($cmd); $orglen = strlen($origin); $n = $len + $orglen + 1; $headerPacket[0] = "1"; $headerPacket[1] = "B"; $headerPacket[2] = "\r"; $headerPacket[3] = "\n"; $headerPacket[4] = ord($n / 256); $headerPacket[5] = ord($n + 255); $headerPacket[6] = ord($orglen); for ($i = 0; $i < $orglen; $i++) { $headerPacket[$i + 7] = ord($origin[$i]); } for ($i = 0; $i < $len; $i++) { $cmdPacket[$i] = ord($cmd[$i]); } fwrite($fp, implode($headerPacket)); while (!feof($fp)) { echo fgets($fp, 1024); } Any thoughts on where I'm going wrong? I'd much appreciate it if anyone could point me toward some code to do this, days of googling and searching here on SO has only lead me to examples in other languages. Of course, if you know C (or Java or Perl as linked below in my comment to bypass the spam filter), PHP, and socket programming fairly well, you could probably rewrite the whole of the code in an hour, maybe a few minutes. You'd have my eternal thanks for that.

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• Java - is this an idiom or pattern, behavior classes with no state

  - by Berlin Brown

  I am trying to incorporate more functional programming idioms into my java development. One pattern that I like the most and avoids side effects is building classes that have behavior but they don't necessarily have any state. The behavior is locked into the methods but they only act on the parameters passed in. The code below is code I am trying to avoid: public class BadObject { private Map<String, String> data = new HashMap<String, String>(); public BadObject() { data.put("data", "data"); } /** * Act on the data class. But this is bad because we can't * rely on the integrity of the object's state. */ public void execute() { data.get("data").toString(); } } The code below is nothing special but I am acting on the parameters and state is contained within that class. We still may run into issues with this class but that is an issue with the method and the state of the data, we can address issues in the routine as opposed to not trusting the entire object. Is this some form of idiom? Is this similar to any pattern that you use? public class SemiStatefulOOP { /** * Private class implies that I can access the members of the <code>Data</code> class * within the <code>SemiStatefulOOP</code> class and I can also access * the getData method from some other class. * * @see Test1 * */ class Data { protected int counter = 0; public int getData() { return counter; } public String toString() { return Integer.toString(counter); } } /** * Act on the data class. */ public void execute(final Data data) { data.counter++; } /** * Act on the data class. */ public void updateStateWithCallToService(final Data data) { data.counter++; } /** * Similar to CLOS (Common Lisp Object System) make instance. */ public Data makeInstance() { return new Data(); } } // End of Class // Issues with the code above: I wanted to declare the Data class private, but then I can't really reference it outside of the class: I can't override the SemiStateful class and access the private members. Usage: final SemiStatefulOOP someObject = new SemiStatefulOOP(); final SemiStatefulOOP.Data data = someObject.makeInstance(); someObject.execute(data); someObject.updateStateWithCallToService(data);

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• Derived template override return type of member function C++

  - by Ruud v A

  I am writing matrix classes. Take a look at this definition: template <typename T, unsigned int dimension_x, unsigned int dimension_y> class generic_matrix { ... generic_matrix<T, dimension_x - 1, dimension_y - 1> minor(unsigned int x, unsigned int y) const { ... } ... } template <typename T, unsigned int dimension> class generic_square_matrix : public generic_matrix<T, dimension, dimension> { ... generic_square_matrix(const generic_matrix<T, dimension, dimension>& other) { ... } ... void foo(); } The generic_square_matrix class provides additional functions like matrix multiplication. Doing this is no problem: generic_square_matrix<T, 4> m = generic_matrix<T, 4, 4>(); It is possible to assign any square matrix to M, even though the type is not generic_square_matrix, due to the constructor. This is possible because the data does not change across children, only the supported functions. This is also possible: generic_square_matrix<T, 4> m = generic_square_matrix<T, 5>().minor(1,1); Same conversion applies here. But now comes the problem: generic_square_matrix<T, 4>().minor(1,1).foo(); //problem, foo is not in generic_matrix<T, 3, 3> To solve this I would like generic_square_matrix::minor to return a generic_square_matrix instead of a generic_matrix. The only possible way to do this, I think is to use template specialisation. But since a specialisation is basically treated like a separate class, I have to redefine all functions. I cannot call the function of the non-specialised class as you would do with a derived class, so I have to copy the entire function. This is not a very nice generic-programming solution, and a lot of work. C++ almost has a solution for my problem: a virtual function of a derived class, can return a pointer or reference to a different class than the base class returns, if this class is derived from the class that the base class returns. generic_square_matrix is derived from generic_matrix, but the function does not return a pointer nor reference, so this doesn't apply here. Is there a solution to this problem (possibly involving an entirely other structure; my only requirements are that the dimensions are a template parameter and that square matrices can have additional functionality). Thanks in advance, Ruud

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• What's the purpose of arrays starting with nonzero index?

  - by helios35

  I tried to find answers, but all I got was answers on how to realize arrays starting with nonzero indexes. Some languages, such as pascal, provide this by default, e.g., you can create an array such as var foobar: array[1..10] of string; I've always been wondering: Why would you want to have the array index not to start with 0? I guess it may be more familiar for beginners to have arrays starting with 1 and the last index being the size of the array, but on a long-term basis, programmers should get used to values starting with 0. Another purpose I could think of: In some cases, the index could actually represent something thats contained in the respective array-entry. e.g., you want to get all capital letters in an array, it may be handy to have an index being the ASCII-Code of the respective letter. But its pretty easy just to subtract a constant value. In this example, you could (in C) simply do something like this do get all capital letters and access the letter with ascii-code 67: #define ASCII_SHIFT 65 main() { int capital_letters[26]; int i; for (i=0; i<26; i++){ capital_letters[i] = i+ASCII_SHIFT; } printf("%c\n", capital_letters[67-ASCII_SHIFT]); } Also, I think you should use hash tables if you want to access entries by some sort of key. Someone might retort: Why should the index always start with 0? Well, it's a hell of a lot simpler this way. You'll be faster when you just have to type one index when declaring an array. Also, you can always be sure that the first entry is array[0] and the last one is array[length_of_array-1]. It is also common that other data structures start with 0. e.g., if you read a binary file, you start with the 0th byte, not the first. Now, why do some programming languages have this "feature" and why do some people ask how to achieve this in languages such as C/C++?, is there any situation where an array starting with a nonzero index is way more useful, or even, something simply cannot be done with an array starting at 0?

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• Is it bad practice to apply class-based design to JavaScript programs?

  - by helixed

  JavaScript is a prototyped-based language, and yet it has the ability to mimic some of the features of class-based object-oriented languages. For example, JavaScript does not have a concept of public and private members, but through the magic of closures, it's still possible to provide the same functionality. Similarly, method overloading, interfaces, namespaces and abstract classes can all be added in one way or another. Lately, as I've been programming in JavaScript, I've felt like I'm trying to turn it into a class-based language instead of using it in the way it's meant to be used. It seems like I'm trying to force the language to conform to what I'm used to. The following is some JavaScript code I've written recently. It's purpose is to abstract away some of the effort involved in drawing to the HTML5 canvas element. /* Defines the Drawing namespace. */ var Drawing = {}; /* Abstract base which represents an element to be drawn on the screen. @param The graphical context in which this Node is drawn. @param position The position of the center of this Node. */ Drawing.Node = function(context, position) { return { /* The method which performs the actual drawing code for this Node. This method must be overridden in any subclasses of Node. */ draw: function() { throw Exception.MethodNotOverridden; }, /* Returns the graphical context for this Node. @return The graphical context for this Node. */ getContext: function() { return context; }, /* Returns the position of this Node. @return The position of this Node. */ getPosition: function() { return position; }, /* Sets the position of this Node. @param thePosition The position of this Node. */ setPosition: function(thePosition) { position = thePosition; } }; } /* Define the shape namespace. */ var Shape = {}; /* A circle shape implementation of Drawing.Node. @param context The graphical context in which this Circle is drawn. @param position The center of this Circle. @param radius The radius of this circle. @praram color The color of this circle. */ Shape.Circle = function(context, position, radius, color) { //check the parameters if (radius < 0) throw Exception.InvalidArgument; var node = Drawing.Node(context, position); //overload the node drawing method node.draw = function() { var context = this.getContext(); var position = this.getPosition(); context.fillStyle = color; context.beginPath(); context.arc(position.x, position.y, radius, 0, Math.PI*2, true); context.closePath(); context.fill(); } /* Returns the radius of this Circle. @return The radius of this Circle. */ node.getRadius = function() { return radius; }; /* Sets the radius of this Circle. @param theRadius The new radius of this circle. */ node.setRadius = function(theRadius) { radius = theRadius; }; /* Returns the color of this Circle. @return The color of this Circle. */ node.getColor = function() { return color; }; /* Sets the color of this Circle. @param theColor The new color of this Circle. */ node.setColor = function(theColor) { color = theColor; }; //return the node return node; }; The code works exactly like it should for a user of Shape.Circle, but it feels like it's held together with Duct Tape. Can somebody provide some insight on this?

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• Microsoft F#

  - by Aamir Hasan

  F# brings you type safe, succinct, efficient and expressive functional programming language on the .NET platform. It is a simple and pragmatic language, and has particular strengths in data-oriented programming, parallel I/O programming, parallel CPU programming, scripting and algorithmic development. F# cannot solve any problem C# could. F# is a functional language, statically typed. F# is a functional language that supports O-O-Programming References:http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/fsharp/cc835246.aspx http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/cambridge/projects/fsharp/

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• What are good places to get programming online certifications?

  - by Oscar Mederos

  I was reading Am I unhireable? and one of the suggestions @JohnFx gave was getting a few certifications. What is a good place to get online developer certifications? Please, provide info about the site if you used it. I already have some certs in ExpertRating site. Note: It could be certifications about programming in general (methodologies -XP, Scrum, etc-, Modeling, Design Patterns, Architecture, Refactoring, etc.)

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• What are the ways to start making actual/real-world programs using Java/C++ to excel my Programming Skills?

  - by Umer Hassan

  The programming that we learn at university is not that vast, like those are really small exercises to build our logic, but everyone knows that this will not be the scenario when I'll get out in the market as a professional programmer, I really want to make real life programs which would actual make some impacts and will be useful. Tell me in the light of your experience that how should I start making those programs and polish my self as a professional programmer, if there are any sources available for it then kindly also recommend me those.

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• Sony Vaio PCG-71315L "Wireless is disabled by hardware switch" Help!

  - by Luke Rossi

  I'm a new user to Ubuntu and Linux as a whole, I've had it for a few months and just as I'm starting to get a feel for things my wireless decided to quit on me. This puzzled me so i checked all the switches on the Vaio; my wireless switch was on (my bluetooth was also working), and in my windows partition the problem is non-existent. Help please? Anyways after executing the "rfkill list" command this was the outcome: 1: sony-wifi: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: yes Hard blocked: no 2: sony-bluetooth: Bluetooth Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no 3: phy0: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: yes Hard blocked: yes 4: hci0: Bluetooth Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no As stated in the title my laptop is a Sony Vaio PCG-71315L

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• Electronics Manufacturers Use US Legal System to Thwart Hardware &amp;#8216;Hacks&amp;#8217;

  <b>Intellectual Property Watch:</b> "&#8220;Apple is selling directly to consumers, who aren&#8217;t the best guardians of their own self-interest. The open PC model works for knowledgeable users who know what they are doing and how to protect themselves, but not so for 15-year-old fashionistas and techno-phobic geriatrics,&#8221; Kahney said."

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• How to apply Data Oriented Design with Object Oriented Programming?

  - by Pombal

  I've read lots of articles about Data Oriented Design (DOD) and I understand it but I can't design an Object Oriented Programming (OOP) system with DOD in mind, I think my OOP education is blocking me. How should I think to mix the two? The objective is to have a nice OOP interface while using DOD behind the scenes. I saw this too but didn't help much: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3872354/how-to-apply-dop-and-keep-a-nice-user-interface

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• Beginning programming for real clients, what copyright should I put in the code?

  - by Igor Marvinsky

  Hello. So far, I've been writing projects for my friends and friends of my friends, which required no legal stuff. Now I've moved on to freelance programming on websites like vworker.com and I'm wondering what should I put in the comments on top of the code. I'm not doing big, serious serious projects, just frontends and scrapers/bots for what I gather is personal use. Would my usual // Written by Igor Marvinsky, 2011 be enough?

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• What is the *correct* term for a program that makes use of multiple hardware processor cores?

  - by Ryan Thompson

  I want to say that my program is capable of splitting some work across multiple CPU cores on a single system. What is the simple term for this? It's not multi-threaded, because that doesn't automatically imply that the threads run in parallel. It's not multi-process, because multiprocessing seems to be a property of a computer system, not a program. "capable of parallel operation" seems too wordy, and with all the confusion of terminology, I'm not even sure if it's accurate. So is there a simple term for this?

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• Can't use the hardware scissor any more, should I use the stencil buffer or manually clip sprites?

  - by Alex Ames

  I wrote a simple UI system for my game. There is a clip flag on my widgets that you can use to tell a widget to clip any children that try to draw outside their parent's box (for scrollboxes for example). The clip flag uses glScissor, which is fed an axis aligned rectangle. I just added arbitrary rotation and transformations to my widgets, so I can rotate or scale them however I want. Unfortunately, this breaks the scissor that I was using as now my clip rectangle might not be axis aligned. There are two ways I can think of to fix this: either by using the stencil buffer to define the drawable area, or by having a wrapper function around my sprite drawing function that will adjust the vertices and texture coords of the sprites being drawn based on the clipper on the top of a clipper stack. Of course, there may also be other options I can't think of (something fancy with shaders possibly?). I'm not sure which way to go at the moment. Changing the implementation of my scissor functions to use the stencil buffer probably requires the smallest change, but I'm not sure how much overhead that has compared to the coordinate adjusting or if the performance difference is even worth considering.

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• What are some good realistic programming related movies (docu-dramas, documentaries, accurate fiction, etc)?

  - by EpsilonVector

  A while ago I asked this question and the result was this. Following the response I got in the meta question I'm re-asking the question with new guidelines to focus it on the direction I wanted it to have originally. ================================================================== The guidelines are as follows: by "programming related" I mean movies from which we can learn about stuff like the development process, or history of software/computers, or programming culture. In other words, they must be grounded in the industry. No tangential stuff. Good entries answer as many of the following criteria as possible: Teach you about the history of the industry, or the development process, or teach you about important industry related topics (software patents for example) Are based on real life events, companies, people, practices, and they are the main focus of the movie After watching them, you feel like you understand or know something about the programmers' world that you didn't before (or you can see how someone could have such a response). You can point to it and say "this faithfully represents the industry/programmer culture at some point in time". This might be something you would show laymen to explain to them what "your people" are like and what is it that you do. Examples for good entries include: Pirates of Silicon Valley- the story of how Microsoft and Apple started the industry. Revolution OS- The story of Linux's rise to fame, and a pretty good cover of the Free Software/Open Source world. Aardvark'd: 12 Weeks with Geeks- development process. Examples for bad entries: Movies who's sole relevance is that they can be appreciated by programmers. The point of this question is not to be "what are some good movies" with "for a programmer" appended to it. Just because the writers got a few computer jokes right in itself doesn't make it about the industry. Movies where there's a computer related element, but are not about the industry. For example, 24 (the TV series). It's a product of the information age but it isn't actually about it. Another example is movies where there's a really cool programmer character, but are overall about something completely different. Likewise, The Big Bang Theory is not about physics, even though they have a cool physicist as a character. Science fiction, even if it draws ideas from computers. For example, the Matrix trilogy. Movies that you can't point to them and say: this is a faithful representation of our world (at some point in time). If you can't do that then it doesn't mirror the industry. Keep it one entry per answer so that the voting could sort the entries out.

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• What is a technique for 2D ray-box intersection that is suitable for old console hardware?

  - by DJCouchyCouch

  I'm working on a Sega Genesis homebrew game (it has a 7mhz 68000 CPU). I'm looking for a way to find the intersection between a particle sprite and a background tile. Particles are represented as a point with a movement vector. Background tiles are 8 x 8 pixels, with an (X,Y) position that is always located at a multiple of 8. So, really, I need to find the intersection point for a ray-box collision; I need to find out where along the edge of the tile the ray/particle hits. I have these two hard constraints: I'm working with pixel locations (integers). Floating point is too expensive. It doesn't have to be super exact, just close enough. Multiplications, divisions, dot products, et cetera, are incredibly expensive and are to be avoided. So I'm looking for an efficient algorithm that would fit those constraints. Any ideas? I'm writing it in C, so that would work, but assembly should be good as well.

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• Is anyone teaching the application of ethics to programming?

  - by blueberryfields

  Ethical questions come up more and more in the news, and can be core to a software developers' life. On several occasions this year I was asked for advice that amounts to answering ethical questions, in a computer programming context, and I was surprised to see how much fretting and trouble questions which I consider trivial can lead to. Are there any courses or programs specializing in teaching what is expected of an ethical programmer? Has anyone put together a formal curriculum anywhere?

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• Why isn't Japanese software industry as strong as their hardware technology?

  - by Joan Venge

  I admire Japanese technology and their innovation. They always seem to be one step ahead of everyone else. But why isn't their software industry just as developed? Why aren't there any Japanese operating systems, high-end game engines, 3D digital content creation applications? I would like to see their take on these and I think it could bring alot of innovation. Btw I mentioned 3D software because the animation industry is strong there as well, but they are using North American software for this.

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• What the different hardware temperatures listed in psensor, sensor viewer etc reffer to?

  - by cipricus

  I have installed psensor and see a list of temperatures, but listed as ”Temperature 1”, 2, 3 etc . I can only guess where the processor is: but who's who for sure? The same question stands for Sensors Viewer. I can also type sensors in Terminal but I get no more than that acpi -t gives Thermal 0: ok, 65.0 degrees C Thermal 1: ok, 37.9 degrees C Thermal 2: ok, 56.0 degrees C Thermal 3: active, 71.0 degrees C Considering psensor, I know for a fact that: - the temperature that varies most depending on the CPU use is Temp1 and it is one of the two highest - the other high temperature is Temp4 and it goes to the ceiling when using youtube/flash - Temp2 is very stable at a medium level of 50-60 degrees Celsius - Temp3 is by far the lowest and most imobile So, I guess Temp1 is the CPU temperature, and Temp4 is the GPU temperature. Temp2 and 3 must be the motherboard and the hdd. Does anybody know for sure?

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• How is fundamental mathematics efficiently evaluated by programming languages?

  - by Korvin Szanto

  As I get more and more involved with the theory behind programming, I find myself fascinated and dumbfounded by seemingly simple things.. I realize that my understanding of the majority of fundamental processes is justified through circular logic Q: How does this work? A: Because it does! I hate this realization! I love knowledge, and on top of that I love learning, which leads me to my question (albeit it's a broad one). Question: How are fundamental mathematical operators assessed with programming languages? How have current methods been improved? Example var = 5 * 5; My interpretation: $num1 = 5; $num2 = 5; $num3 = 0; while ($num2 > 0) { $num3 = $num3 + $num1; $num2 = $num2 - 1; } echo $num3; This seems to be highly inefficient. With Higher factors, this method is very slow while the standard built in method is instantanious. How would you simulate multiplication without iterating addition? var = 5 / 5; How is this even done? I can't think of a way to literally split it 5 into 5 equal parts. var = 5 ^ 5; Iterations of iterations of addition? My interpretation: $base = 5; $mod = 5; $num1 = $base; while ($mod > 1) { $num2 = 5; $num3 = 0; while ($num2 > 0) { $num3 = $num3 + $num1; $num2 = $num2 - 1; } $num1 = $num3; $mod -=1; } echo $num3; Again, this is EXTREMELY inefficient, yet I can't think of another way to do this. This same question extends to all mathematical related functions that are handled automagically.

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• What are the tools, programming languages and development processes of AAA games?

  - by Pan.student

  Only thing I am able to find about "big" games like ac, hl, bf, cod is engine used to run the game. But I am interested in what software development methodology, programming and scripting languages were used. As well as tools for creating models, music, animations and other media. Further, were the team team organisations and so on for a certain game (or game series). Is this information even available to the public?

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• I want to be a developer (website and web application) and want to choose asp.net as a programming lang

  - by jeet

  I want to be a developer (website and web application) and want to choose asp.net as a programming lang. I am currently an intermediate web designer. My friend told me that there are many things in asp.net My question is I am interested in website and web application development Is there any specific thing I have to learn to be a web developer or I have to learn the whole. Also, what does a developer has to do? key skills if he choose asp.net? Thanks :)

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