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• Decision Tree code golf

  - by Chris Jester-Young

  In Google Code Jam 2009, Round 1B, there is a problem called Decision Tree that lent itself to rather creative solutions. Post your shortest solution; I'll update the Accepted Answer to the current shortest entry on a semi-frequent basis, assuming you didn't just create a new language just to solve this problem. :-P Current rankings: 107 Perl 121 PostScript (binary) 136 Ruby 154 Arc 160 PostScript (ASCII85) 170 PostScript 192 Python 199 Common Lisp 214 LilyPond 222 JavaScript 273 Scheme 280 R 312 Haskell 314 PHP 339 m4 346 C 406 Fortran 462 Java 476 Java (well, kind of) 718 OCaml 759 F# 1741 sed C++ not qualified for now

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• Method signature Vs function prototype

  - by Maroloccio

  A formal definition of the two? Current Wiki articles denote their different contexts and applications, such as internal type signature "strings" in Java VMs (1) and C/C++ function prototypes informing compilers of upcoming method definitions (2) but... 1) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_signature 2) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_prototype ... where to look for a definition which clearly and formally distinguished one from the other? There is literature using the words prototype and signature almost interchangeably yet other uses appear strict and consistent, if language-specific. Background: I am writing documentation for a sample compiler written for a University project.

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• Building big, immutable objects without constructors having long parameter lists

  - by Malax

  Hi StackOverflow! I have some big (more than 3 fields) Objects which can and should be immutable. Every time I run into that case i tend to create constructor abominations with long parameter lists. It doesn't feel right, is hard to use and readability suffers. It is even worse if the fields are some sort of collection type like lists. A simple addSibling(S s) would ease the object creation so much but renders the object mutable. What do you guys use in such cases? I'm on Scala and Java, but i think the problem is language agnostic as long as the language is object oriented. Solutions I can think of: "Constructor abominations with long parameter lists" The Builder Pattern Thanks for your input!

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• Singleton: How should it be used

  - by Loki Astari

  Edit: From another question I provided an answer that has links to a lot of questions/answers about singeltons: More info about singletons here: So I have read the thread Singletons: good design or a crutch? And the argument still rages. I see Singletons as a Design Pattern (good and bad). The problem with Singleton is not the Pattern but rather the users (sorry everybody). Everybody and their father thinks they can implement one correctly (and from the many interviews I have done, most people can't). Also because everybody thinks they can implement a correct Singleton they abuse the Pattern and use it in situations that are not appropriate (replacing global variables with Singletons!). So the main questions that need to be answered are: When should you use a Singleton How do you implement a Singleton correctly My hope for this article is that we can collect together in a single place (rather than having to google and search multiple sites) an authoritative source of when (and then how) to use a Singleton correctly. Also appropriate would be a list of Anti-Usages and common bad implementations explaining why they fail to work and for good implementations their weaknesses. So get the ball rolling: I will hold my hand up and say this is what I use but probably has problems. I like "Scott Myers" handling of the subject in his books "Effective C++" Good Situations to use Singletons (not many): Logging frameworks Thread recycling pools /* * C++ Singleton * Limitation: Single Threaded Design * See: http://www.aristeia.com/Papers/DDJ_Jul_Aug_2004_revised.pdf * For problems associated with locking in multi threaded applications * * Limitation: * If you use this Singleton (A) within a destructor of another Singleton (B) * This Singleton (A) must be fully constructed before the constructor of (B) * is called. */ class MySingleton { private: // Private Constructor MySingleton(); // Stop the compiler generating methods of copy the object MySingleton(MySingleton const& copy); // Not Implemented MySingleton& operator=(MySingleton const& copy); // Not Implemented public: static MySingleton& getInstance() { // The only instance // Guaranteed to be lazy initialized // Guaranteed that it will be destroyed correctly static MySingleton instance; return instance; } }; OK. Lets get some criticism and other implementations together. :-)

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• Using Agile development when building websites

  - by Sam

  Is it possible / plausible to apply Agile development to the website building process including planning, design and development?

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• Helper Casting Functions -- Is it a code smell?

  - by Earlz

  I recently began to start using functions to make casting easier on my fingers for one instance I had something like this ((Dictionary<string,string>)value).Add(foo); and converted it to a tiny little helper function so I can do this ToDictionary(value).Add(foo); Is this a code smell? Also, what about simpler examples? For example in my scripting engine I've considered making things like this ((StringVariable)arg).Value="foo"; be ToStringVar(arg).Value="foo"; I really just dislike how inorder to cast a value and instantly get a property from it you must enclose it in double parentheses. I have a feeling the last one is much worse than the first one though (also I've marked this language agnostic even though my example is C#)

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• Building big, immutable objects without using constructors having long parameter lists

  - by Malax

  Hi StackOverflow! I have some big (more than 3 fields) Objects which can and should be immutable. Every time I run into that case i tend to create constructor abominations with long parameter lists. It doesn't feel right, is hard to use and readability suffers. It is even worse if the fields are some sort of collection type like lists. A simple addSibling(S s) would ease the object creation so much but renders the object mutable. What do you guys use in such cases? I'm on Scala and Java, but i think the problem is language agnostic as long as the language is object oriented. Solutions I can think of: "Constructor abominations with long parameter lists" The Builder Pattern Thanks for your input!

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• Embedded Prolog Interpreter/Compiler for Java

  - by Sami

  I'm working on an application in Java, that needs to do some complex logic rule deductions as part of its functionality. I'd like to code my logic deductions in Prolog or some other logic/constraint programming language, instead of Java, as I believe the resulting code will be significantly simpler and more maintainable. I Googled for embedded Java implementations on Prolog, and found number of them, each with very little documentation. My (modest) selection criteria are: should be embeddable in Java (e.g. can be bundled up with my java package instead of requiring any native installations on external programs) simple interface to use from Java (for initiating deductions, inspecting results, and adding rules) come with at least a few examples on how to use it doesn't necessarely have to be Prolog, but other logic/constraint programming languages with the above criteria would suit my needs, too. What choices do I have and what are their advantages and disadvantages?

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• Where can I find free WPF controls and control templates?

  - by Geoffrey Chetwood

  Duplicate: Where can I find free WPF controls and control templates? I am looking for some recommendations on good places to find libraries of controls/templates/styles for WPF. I know about the usual places like Infragistics, but it seems to me that there should be some kind of community effort by now to share nice, clean, well written controls for WPF controls. I am not big on the design side, and it would be nice to fill out my personal libraries with some nice examples from people who are better at design. Any ideas/recommendations?

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• Is it easy to switch from relational to non-relational databases with Rails?

  - by Tam

  Good day, I have been using Rails/Mysql for the past while but I have been hearing about Cassandra, MongoDB, CouchDB and other document-store DB/Non-relational databases. I'm planning to explore them later as they might be better alternative for scalability. I'm planning to start an application soon. Will it make a different with Rails design if I move from relational to non-relational database? I know Rails migrations are database-agnostic but wasn't sure if moving to non-relational will make difference with design or not.

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• where should we send notification for updating many views?

  - by Thanh-Cong Vo

  Hi all, I want to ask about software design. I have a task, the view controller handles UI event for calling a model manger to perform that task. After finishing, the model manager will callback to update the view. There have also other views who care about that task, and also want to update its own view when that task is finished. So I register a Notification for that task in each views. The problem is defining where should I send Notification, in Model manager or in the View who handles event and receives the callback from Model manager? What is better design? Shoud the model care about send this "common" task, or shoud the view? Thanks

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• Code Golf: Zigzag pattern scanning

  - by fbrereto

  The Challenge The shortest code by character count that takes a single input integer N (N = 3) and returns an array of indices that when iterated would traverse an NxN matrix according to the JPEG "zigzag" scan pattern. The following is an example traversal over an 8x8 matrix (referenced from here:) Examples (The middle matrix is not part of the input or output, just a representation of the NxN matrix the input represents.) 1 2 3 (Input) 3 --> 4 5 6 --> 1 2 4 7 5 3 6 8 9 (Output) 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 (Input) 4 --> 5 6 7 8 --> 1 2 5 9 6 3 4 7 10 13 14 11 8 12 15 16 (Output) 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Notes: The resulting array's base should be appropriate for your language (e.g., Matlab arrays are 1-based, C++ arrays are 0-based). This is related to this question.

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• What every web developer should know?

  - by arikfr

  Let's say you got a new intern, who's a third-year CS student. He has firm knowledge of the basics, has some experience with C/Java from the courses he took and a lot of desire to learn more. What would you teach him in order to become a good web developer? What I had in mind is: HTML/CSS and the importance of writing semantic markup Javascript, some JS framework (jQuery), JSON Basics of Git/Subversion (whatever you use) The language we use (Ruby, Python, PHP, C#, whatever) Introduction the web framework we use (Rails, Django, ASP.NET MVC...) MVC - what/why/who RESTful web services - how to consume them and how to create one What's on your list?

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• Normalize or Denormalize in high traffic websites

  - by Inam Jameel

  what is the best practice for database design for high traffic websites like this one stackoverflow? should one must use normalize database for record keeping or normalized technique or combination of both? is it sensible to design normalize database as main database for record keeping to reduce redundancy and at the same time maintain another denormalized form of database for fast searching? or main database should be denormalize and one can make normalized views in the application level for fast database operations? or beside above mentioned approach? what is the best practice of designing high traffic websites???

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• Code Golf Christmas Edition: How to print out a Christmas tree of height N

  - by TheSoftwareJedi

  Given a number N, how can I print out a Christmas tree of height N using the least number of code characters? N is assumed constrained to a min val of 3, and a max val of 30 (bounds and error checking are not necessary). N is given as the one and only command line argument to your program or script. All languages appreciated, if you see a language already implemented and you can make it shorter, edit if possible - comment otherwise and hope someone cleans up the mess. Include newlines and whitespace for clarity, but don't include them in the character count. A Christmas tree is generated as such, with its "trunk" consisting of only a centered "*" N = 3: * *** ***** * N = 4: * *** ***** ******* * N = 5: * *** ***** ******* ********* * N defines the height of the branches not including the one line trunk. Merry Christmas SO!

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• Naive Bayesian for Topic detection using "Bag of Words" approach

  - by AlgoMan

  I am trying to implement a naive bayseian approach to find the topic of a given document or stream of words. Is there are Naive Bayesian approach that i might be able to look up for this ? Also, i am trying to improve my dictionary as i go along. Initially, i have a bunch of words that map to a topics (hard-coded). Depending on the occurrence of the words other than the ones that are already mapped. And depending on the occurrences of these words i want to add them to the mappings, hence improving and learning about new words that map to topic. And also changing the probabilities of words. How should i go about doing this ? Is my approach the right one ? Which programming language would be best suited for the implementation ?

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• Shorthand for nested null checking C#

  - by Myster

  As far as I know there is not a significantly more elegant way to write the following.... string src; if((ParentContent!= null) &&(ParentContent.Image("thumbnail") != null) &&(ParentContent.Image("thumbnail").Property("src") != null)) src = ParentContent.Image("thumbnail").Property("src").Value Do you think there should be a C# language feature to make this shorter? And if so, what should it look like? for example, something like extending the ?? operator string src = ParentContent??.Image("thumbnail")??.Property("width")??.Value; Apologies for the rather contrived example, and my over-simplified solution.

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• Need an algorithm to group several parameters of a person under the persons name

  - by QuickMist

  Hi. I have a bunch of names in alphabetical order with multiple instances of the same name all in alphabetical order so that the names are all grouped together. Beside each name, after a coma, I have a role that has been assigned to them, one name-role pair per line, something like whats shown below name1,role1 name1,role2 name1,role3 name1,role8 name2,role8 name2,role2 name2,role4 name3,role1 name4,role5 name4,role1 ... .. . I am looking for an algorithm to take the above .csv file as input create an output .csv file in the following format name1,role1,role2,role3,role8 name2,role8,role2,role4 name3,role1 name4,role5,role1 ... .. . So basically I want each name to appear only once and then the roles to be printed in csv format next to the names for all names and roles in the input file. The algorithm should be language independent. I would appreciate it if it does NOT use OOP principles :-) I am a newbie.

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• Best way to fetch data from a single database table with multiple threads?

  - by Ravi Bhatt

  Hi, we have a system where we collect data every second on user activity on multiple web sites. we dump that data into a database X (say MS SQL Server). we now need to fetch data from this single table from daatbase X and insert into database Y (say mySql). we want to fetch time based data from database X through multiple threads so that we fetch as fast as we can. Once fetched and stored in database Y, we will delete data from database X. Are there any best practices on this sort of design? any specific things to take care on table design like sharing or something? Are there any other things that we need to take care to make sure we fetch it as fast as we can from threads running on multiple machines? Thanks in advance! Ravi

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• How much of the "Objective-C" I'm learning is universal Objective-C, and not Apple's frameworks?

  - by Chris Cooper

  This question is related to one of my others about C: What can you do in C without “std” includes? Are they part of “C,” or just libraries? I've become curious lately as to what is really contained the the core Objective-C language, and what parts of the Objective-C I've done for iPhone/OS X development is specific to Apple platforms. I know that things like syntax are the same, but for instance, is NSObject and its torrent of NS-subclasses actually part of "standard" Objective-C? Could I use them in, say, Windows? What parts are universal for the most part, and what parts would I only find on an Apple platform? If you want, giving an example of Objective-C used elsewhere as an example of what is more "universal" would help me as well. Thanks! =)

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• Shortest way of determining a name ends with an `s`, `x` or `z`, and then use the `I18n.t` method wi

  - by Koning Baard XIV

  I'm creating a Rails application where users can have a first and last name. Since I'm a perfectionist, the application may not show something like Dennis's profile or Xianx's profile, but rather Dennis' profile and Xianx' profile. I use L18n, so I wanted to ask what is the shortest way of implementing this? This grammar is the same for both English and Dutch, where the application will be translated to. Oh, some important things: I am not afraid of using helpers and the application controller My language files are in Ruby, not YAML Thanks!

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• Semantic Diff Utilities

  - by rubancache

  I'm trying to find some good examples of semantic diff/merge utilities. The traditional paradigm of comparing source code files works by comparing lines and characters.. but are there any utilities out there (for any language) that actually consider the structure of code when comparing files? For example, existing diff programs will report "difference found at character 2 of line 125. File x contains v-o-i-d, where file y contains b-o-o-l". A specialized tool should be able to report "Return type of method doSomething() changed from void to bool". I would argue that this type of semantic information is actually what the user is looking for when comparing code, and should be the goal of next-generation progamming tools. Are there any examples of this in available tools?

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• Detecting syllables in a word

  - by user50705

  I need to find a fairly efficient way to detect syllables in a word. E.g., invisible - in-vi-sib-le There are some syllabification rules that could be used: V CV VC CVC CCV CCCV CVCC *where V is a vowel and C is a consonant. e.g., pronunciation (5 Pro-nun-ci-a-tion; CV-CVC-CV-V-CVC) I've tried few methods, among which were using regex (which helps only if you want to count syllables) or hard coded rule definition (a brute force approach which proves to be very inefficient) and finally using a finite state automata (which did not result with anything useful). The purpose of my application is to create a dictionary of all syllables in a given language. This dictionary will later be used for spell checking applications (using Bayesian classifiers) and text to speech synthesis. I would appreciate if one could give me tips on an alternate way to solve this problem besides my previous approaches. I work in Java, but any tip in C/C++, C#, Python, Perl... would work for me.

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• How are SaaS applications organized?

  - by tomekw

  Consider web (MVC, for example Rails) application for multiple clients as a service. How to design this? one application instance per client? (+ one database per client) one instance for all clients (+ one database for all clients) Former one is simple, but... "inefficient". How about the latter? (best practises, design patterns) How to separate client data? For example: worker "A" of client "1" has two documents, worker "B" of client "2" has three documents. How to build model associations to protect other users (and clients) data? I think joining every query with Client model is not a good solution.

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• What open source database platform is most easily transferred from my personal machine into a window

  - by Tom

  I would like eventual interaction with MS Dynamics SL and/or MindTouch Core (running on WMware) for eventual intranet and/or internet display. I guess I am asking for front and back end recommendations for a database I am constructing, but since this is my first major project I would greatly appreciate any help and advice. I would also love an opportunity to learn a new language so the code base could be in any language. I do have a few more related questions for discussion; What is the viability of using Google hosting to provide the service to the public for free? Should I implement plone or another CMS if I have a large amount of output? Is there a structuring questionnaire or standards publication I could reference? Does UML diagramming provide additional options for portability? Thank you.

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