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• Why is hibernation still used?

  - by Moses

  I've never quite understood the original purpose of the Hibernation power state in Windows. I understand how it works, what processes take place, and what happens when you boot back up from Hibernate, but I've never truly understood why it's used. With today's technology, most notably with SSDs, RAM and CPUs becoming faster and faster, a cold boot on a clean/efficient Windows installation can be pretty fast (for some people, mere seconds from pushing the power button). Standby is even faster, sometimes instantaneous. Even SATA drives from 5-6 years ago can accomplish these fast boot times. Hibernation seems pointless to me when modern technology is considered, but perhaps there are applications that I'm not considering. What was the original purpose behind hibernation, and why do people still use it? Edit: I rescind my comment about hibernation being obsolete, as it obviously has very practical applications to laptops and mobile PCs, considering the power restrictions. I was mostly referring to hibernation being used on a desktop.

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• Problem booting hard drive after installing Centos from USB Stick

  - by Rick

  Here is the situation, I created a Centos Live 5.4 Bootable USB drive. I used this to install Centos on a HP Netbook. BTW: the Netbook doesn't have a CDRom so I used the usb key. When the system goes to write the Grub boot loader to disk, it wants to write the boot loader to the usb drive (/dev/sda), not the hard disk (/dev/hda). I do have the option of writing the boot loader to /dev/hda, (not to the mbr!) but when I reboot I get an load error and the Grub prompt. How can I get Centos booting from the hard disk instead of using the USB key. Thanks.

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• Uninstalled Ubuntu, no GRLDR?

  - by user32965

  So I'm a big fat idiot. I installed Ubuntu 11.04 on my school's laptop, and here's come the time that I have to turn it back in. I wrote GRUB to the Master Boot Record, thinking it wasn't going to be permanent. So, fast forward to yesterday. I decided to hell with this, and popped in my Windows 7 CD, deleted the whole partition, formatted to NTFS, and installed Windows 7 on it. I'm surfing the web and my computer overheats [totally typical] I boot up, and get this: Try (hd0,0): FAT32: No GRLDR Try (hd0,1): invalid or null Try (hd0,2): invalid or null Try (hd0,3): invalid or null Try (hd1,0): NTFS5: No grldr Try (hd1,1): invalid or null Try (hd1,2): invalid or null Try (hd1,3): invalid or null Cannot find GRLDR. Press space bar to hold the screen, any other key to boot previous MBR... Timeout: 5 The timeout part just counts down to 0 from 5. I need to turn in this thing before tomorrow, please please please can someone help me out?

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• Ubuntu hang, and cannot be soft-reset after resuming from stand by mode

  - by Phuong Nguyen

  I have downgrade my xorg drivers, so I can hibernate and stand by my ubuntu smoothly. However, in some case, there's a problem. My ubuntu get hang. When I tried to switch to console mode (Ctrl+Alt+F1), then I cannot login. The system always reply with an error whenever I tried to press a key. When I press Ctrl+Alt+Del to perform a softreset, here what's it said: [80141.320122] end_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 193687181 init: control-alt-delete main process (5660) terminated with status 2. This error is not even recorded in syslog. I guess this should be a problem with my hard disk since it said something about a bad sector. Exactly, what kind of error is this?

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• IBM Server searching for secondary server

  - by user1241438

  I just bought the following server IBM System x3950 Server, 4 x 3.0GHz Dual Core, 32GB, 6 x 73.4GB 10K SAS RAID, 256MB BBWC, 2x Power, CD-RW/DVD When i boot it up, it says "Searching for secondary server" and hangs their for almost 10 mins. After 10 mins, it says timeout on searching chassis 2. But after this it proceed to boot the OS properly. But my frustration, i need to wait for almost 15 mins to boot everytime. How do i prevent this error message.

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• Cloning a linux system from sdx to cciss

  - by churnd

  I have an HP ML 310 server running CentOS Linux 5.5. I'm buying a RAID card (LSI 9260-8i) to set up a mirrored OS drive. Right now, the boot drive is set up with GRUB installed on the MBR of /dev/sda & has a 100MB /boot partition for /dev/sda1, then the rest is configured in LVM with a 20GB with a 20GB VG for the root partition & ~80GB VG for home. The new disk sizes will also be slightly larger as well. What is the best way to clone the boot drive to the new CCISS device?

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• SATA controller installed but not working? (No drives show up/Don't see card's BIOS)

  - by johnnycakes

  Hi, I have an old Promise FastTrak S150 TX4 SATA controller card. I put it in an old machine running Windows Server 2003. I booted the machine. The new hardware was detected. I installed the drivers. So now in Device Manager under "SCSI and RAID Controllers" I see "Win Server 2003 Promise FastTrak S150 TX4 Controller" and "Win Server 2003 Promise RAID Console SCSI Processor Device" I previously had the card in a machine that is now dead. When I booted that machine, during the boot process I would see the card info displayed and the drives that were attached. Boot would finish and my drives would be available. When I boot this new machine I never see that screen/text. No hard drives are available/visible. What am I missing? Thanks.

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• Proper way to connect SATA and IDE Hard drives together?

  - by Bartek

  I have an old IDE hard drive that has a broken Windows install on it. It just won't boot up, and I've tried a variety of solutions. That's fine, I really just need a few files on the hard drive. I have a computer that uses a SATA connected hard drive. It's a working PC. I would like to connect the old IDE hard drive to that compute and basically browse through the file system, grab the files, and copy them to my existing computer. My problem is with my few attempts to connect the IDE drive I would get Boot Disk Failures and so forth. I guess it's trying to boot from the IDE but I'm not really sure. Any help would be appreciated, Thanks!

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• "Disk Not Found" Error when trying to install iso image of CentOs on ESXI using VSphere

  - by kamal

  When trying to install CentOs setup as an iso image on datastore, i get an error : "Disk Not Found". I am using ESXi 4.1 as host VM. Is there a way to attach DVD/CD as iso image ? I tried "Connect at Power on" Checked and Connect CD/DVD on the VSphere Console, but i still am unable ot get the iso image recognized as a DVD mounted image: Solved: if i look at the image size, it was 11 MB, so it WAS a boot iso, but nithing else, if we compare it with other boot images with complete iso's therein lies the solution. This boot.iso was from rBUILD/Conary packaging

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• Having problems with Grub2 booting Ubuntu from my External Hard Drive

  - by anonymous

  I installed Ubuntu on my external hard drive but it won't boot on my laptop. what do i do? i did some reading and traced the source of the problem to grub2. Apparently, grub2 doesn't use the device's UUID, and uses the linux directory instead (/dev/sdf2). This means that whenever i plug my E-HDD into a system that has a different number of drives connected to it, i won't be able to boot without editting the boot command. I don't understand it too well but that's what i got from what i read. Is there anyway to fix this?

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• How to make XP install ubuntu from USB?

  - by Apoorv

  I want to install ubuntu on my PC which is running windows XP right now. I have made my pen drive bootable and have loaded Ubuntu on it. When I insert the pen drive at the time of booting of my PC, nothing happens and windows XP starts normally instead of asking me if I want to boot from my pen drive. Also when, I entered my BIOS setting to change the boot order there was no option of pen drive as a boot device. Please suggest me a way to install the OS using my already made bootable pen drive. And there's no problem with my pen drive cause I have tried it on my friends PC and it worked normally. Thanks in advance

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• OpenVZ kernel panic

  - by GtoXic

  I recently installed OpenVZ on my VMWare box (To do some testing) and I get the following: https://www.dropbox.com/s/p38btkv5j84bvsh/Capture.JPG the GRUB config is as follows: # grub.conf generated by anaconda # # Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file # NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that # all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg. # root (hd0,0) # kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 # initrd /initrd-version.img #boot=/dev/sda default=0 timeout=5 splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz hiddenmenu title OpenVZ (2.6.32-042stab057.1) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-042stab057.1 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 sysfs.deprecated=1 initrd /initrd-2.6.32-042stab057.1.img title CentOS (2.6.18-238.el5) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-238.el5 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 initrd /initrd-2.6.18-238.el5.img

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• Mac failing (failed?) hard drive - is all hope lost?

  - by Daniel

  It's a 500 GB Seagate laptop hard drive that came with my Macbook Pro. Apple partition format. Already replaced and now have it external, connected via SATA/USB adapter. Trying to get just a few files that I worked on while out of town when it crashed (and thus did not have my time machine backup drive). Drive will not mount, but OS X Disk Utility detects it and can read the capacity, model number, and even the name of the partition, which leads me to believe all hope may not be lost. Failed attempts so far: Disk Utility verify+repair says drive cannot be repaired and that I should back up immediately (lovely) Disk Warrior says it cannot rebuild the directory due to hardware failure Data Rescue quick & deep scans immediately failed PhotoRec says "error reading sector" for every sector (at least for the few minutes I let it run before closing it to explore other options) What else can I try here? Again, I'm just looking for a few, small files (python scripts to be specific) - not a full recovery.

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• CD-R suddenly unreadable?

  - by TheD

  I have a CD-R which has worked fine for a good while. All of a sudden, Windows can no longer read its data. It's not scratched, it's clean and Windows can detect the disk and usage of space on it. But whenever I attempt to access the data stored: Explorer crashes Or after 5-10 mins of trying to read it, it opens up and just shows a desktop.ini file in Explorer. This happens on multiple machines. Any ideas? Is there a way to recover the data? For example - some sector by sector recovery software if any exist for CD's?

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• RAID 1 Mirror Error with Two Western Digital 500GB Drives

  - by bm678

  I have Windows 7 Ultimate 64 bit installed on a Western Digital 500GB drive (WD5000BEVT-22ZAT0) that was partitioned automatically by Windows as 100MB System Reserved and 465.66GB drive C. There is also an unallocated second Western Digital 500GB drive (WD5000BPVT-22HXZT1) that I want to use for RAID 1 to mirror the first drive but I get an error message stating “ALL DISKS HOLDING EXTENTS FOR A GIVEN VOLUME MUST HAVE THE SAME SECTOR SIZE, AND THE SECTOR SIZE MUST BE VALID.” I uninstalled Windows patch KB-982018 but I still get the same error message. Could you please let me know how to resolve this? Thanks.

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• Booting from hard drive fails after installing Centos from USB Stick

  - by Rick

  I created a Centos Live 5.4 Bootable USB drive. I used this to install Centos on a HP Netbook. When the system goes to write the Grub boot loader to disk, it wants to write the boot loader to the usb drive (/dev/sda), not the hard disk (/dev/hda). I do have the option of writing the boot loader to /dev/hda, (not to the mbr!) but when I reboot I get an load error and the Grub prompt. How can I get Centos booting from the hard disk instead of using the USB key.

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• GRUB2 not detecting OS on raid partitions

  - by sleeves

  I have recently added a drive to a system and have successfully raid'ed (RAID-1) the paritions, with the exception of the boot partition. I have it ready and mirrored, but can't get GRUB2 (update-grub) to find it. System: Ubuntu 11.04 Raid Metadata: 1.2 If I run update-grub, it finds the kernel images on the /dev/sda2 partition (present root) but not the images on /dev/md127. /dev/md127 is composed of "missing" and "/dev/sdb2". fdisk on /dev/sdb confirms that sdb2 is of type fd (raid autodetect) and is also flagged bootable. I have two things I want to do. Make the boot.cfg on /dev/sdb2 have a menu option to have the root be /dev/md127 Install grub onto /dev/md127 so the actual boot.cfg from there is being used. Thanks!

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• Unable to use cloned VM, OpenSUSE, VirtualBox

  - by Kremchik

  I've cloned a VM and now while booting it I see a message: Trying manual resume from /dev/sda1 Invoking userspace resume from /dev/sda1 resume: libgcrypt version: 1.5.0 Trying manual resume from /dev/sda1 invoking in-kernel resume from /dev/sda1 Waiting for device /dev/disk/by-id/ata-VBOX_HARDDISK_.....-part2 to appear: ... Could not find /dev/disk/...-part2 Want me to fall back to /dev/disk/...-part2 (Y/n) If I press 'Y' it tries to boot again with failure, then exits to /bin/sh. If I press 'n' it exits to /bin/sh immediately. I've read a solution here: http://diggerpage.blogspot.com/2011/11/cannot-boot-opensuse-12-after-cloning.html but I don't understand how to access files on disk to edit /etc/fstab and /boot/grub/menu.lst?

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• Installing FreeNAS 8.3 problems

  - by osij2is

  I'm trying to install FreeNAS 8.3 on some desktop-level hardware (AMD Phenom + 890FX + 16GB) and I've been unsuccessful. I initially tried using a USB stick and followed the instructions on the FreeNAS site here. Making the USB was simple as the instructions laid out, but as soon as the USB is detected (during the boot process) some text appears and quickly vanishes and my machine reboots infinitely. After trying several different was to make the USB, I tried using a DVD-ROM but again, I had the same issue as the USB stick. This leads me to conclude that either a BIOS setting is incorrect but I have no idea which one. I've changed the BIOS to not "fast" boot per se, and I've correctly configured the boot order per USB stick and the DVD-ROM drive so I know that it's working. Have I missed anything that might be causing this problem? I'm not a FreeBSD/FreeNAS expert by any means.

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• not able to make entry of ubuntu 10.04 grub.cfg into redhat 5.1 menu.lst file to run 2 linux os and

  - by Deepak Narwal

  Hello friend... In my computer there are three operating systems.. First i installed Windows 7 then i installed ubuntu 10.04 and in last i installed redhat 5.1 NOw i know one thing as i installed redhat then grub installed by ubuntu will be overwritten by redhat grub..and i know that to see all three operating syetm at the startup i have to make entry of /boot/grub/cfg into /boot/grub/menu.lst file.. Now the problem is like this In te previous version it was very easy to play with ubuntu grub file but now this file is modified..NOw i dont know what is to be picked up from ubuntu /grub/grub.cfg file so that i can make entry in redhat /boot/grub/menu.lst file.. In short i am not able to put entry of grub.cfg file into redhat menu.lst file.. will u help me plz i want to work on these thre eOS..

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• How can I change the amount and size of Linux ramdisks (/dev/ram0 - /dev/ram15)?

  - by Kevin S.

  Using Linux, when I boot I automatically have 16 16MB ramdisks, however, I would like to create one really large ramdisk to test some software. I found that I can adjust the size of the ramdisks already on the system with the kernel boot parameter ramdisk_size however, this makes all 16 ramdisks (/dev/ram0 - /dev/ram15) the size that is specified. So if I want to create a 1GB ramdisk, I would need 16GB of memory. Basically, I want to create one 10GB ramdisk which would be /dev/ram0. How would I go about doing that? I assume there is a kernel boot parameter, but I just haven't found it.

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• Somebody knows why the sectors of the IBM floppy disk are named 1 to 8 (and not 0 to 7 )

  - by Olivier Briand

  I am now programming on a 8 bits Z80 computer with CP/M 2.2, (as a hobby) and the floppy disk format is IBM, 40 tracks, 8 sectors per track, 512 bytes per sector. free space is 154 Ko on each face of the disk. Why the sectors are indexed 1 to 8 (and not zero to seven, as usually is seen with computers)? The catalog of the floppy disk is on the track 1 (sector 1 to 4, 64 entries). I'm wondering is the catalog on track zero? Is the zero track reserved to included a system (as track 0 & 1 are reserved to the system on a CP/M floppy disk, and catalog is on track 2)?

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• Linux software RAID6: 3 drives offline - how to force online?

  - by Ole Tange

  This is similar to 3 drives fell out of Raid6 mdadm - rebuilding? except that it is not due to a failing cable. Instead the 3rd drive fell offline during rebuild of another drive. The drive failed with: kernel: end_request: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 293732432 kernel: md/raid:md0: read error not correctable (sector 293734224 on sdc). After rebooting both these sectors and the sectors around them are fine. This leads me to believe the error is intermittent and thus the device simply took too long to error correct the sector and remap it. I expect that no data was written to the RAID after it failed. Therefore I hope that if I can kick the last failing device online that the RAID is fine and that the xfs_filesystem is OK, maybe with a few missing recent files. Taking a backup of the disks in the RAID takes 24 hours, so I would prefer that the solution works the first time. I have therefore set up a test scenario: export PRE=3 parallel dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/raid${PRE}{} bs=1k count=1000k ::: 1 2 3 4 5 parallel mknod /dev/loop${PRE}{} b 7 ${PRE}{} \; losetup /dev/loop${PRE}{} /tmp/raid${PRE}{} ::: 1 2 3 4 5 mdadm --create /dev/md$PRE -c 4096 --level=6 --raid-devices=5 /dev/loop${PRE}[12345] cat /proc/mdstat mkfs.xfs -f /dev/md$PRE mkdir -p /mnt/disk2 umount -l /mnt/disk2 mount /dev/md$PRE /mnt/disk2 seq 1000 | parallel -j1 mkdir -p /mnt/disk2/{}\;cp /bin/* /mnt/disk2/{}\;sleep 0.5 & mdadm --fail /dev/md$PRE /dev/loop${PRE}3 /dev/loop${PRE}4 cat /proc/mdstat # Assume reboot so no process is using the dir kill %1; sync & kill %1; sync & # Force fail one too many mdadm --fail /dev/md$PRE /dev/loop${PRE}1 parallel --tag -k mdadm -E ::: /dev/loop${PRE}? | grep Upda # loop 2,5 are newest. loop1 almost newest => force add loop1 Next step is to add loop1 back - and this is where I am stuck. After that do a xfs-consistency check. When that works, check that the solution also works on real devices (such a 4 USB sticks).

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• Grub2 menu after vmware gust customization

  - by poopa

  Hi, I have ubuntu 9.10 desktop VMware VM with the default grub2 installed. There is some weird problem with this VM. When you clone this vm and have a customization script run, the cloned machine crashes at first boot (VMware does not officially suport customizaing Ubuntu newer than 8.04). After the creash the Grub boot menu is displayed but there is not time out. I checked /boot/grub/grub.cfg and it does indeed show a timeout of 10 seconds. Nothing happens till I select an option with the keyboard. The second time the Ubuntu loads, it does not crash. My question is, how do I make the grub menu timeout in that case? Thanks.

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• Adding custom script on ESXi 5.0

  - by Quzar

  I have an ESXi server that I would like to have run a custom script on every boot that contains esxcli and other commands. I have tried adding the script into init.d and creating an rc.local.d folder with a script, but the etc folder gets rebuilt on startup. I've also tried modifying state.tgz and local.tgz in the /bootbank folder in order to force these files to appear, but that does not seem to work either. Is there any way I can run custom commands on boot? Note: I've tried the advice here ESXi boot process / state storage to no avail. Seems the system was changed between 4.1 and 5.0

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