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• When is referential integrity not appropriate?

  - by Curtis Inderwiesche

  I understand the need to have referential integrity for limiting specific values on entry or possibly preventing them from removal upon a request of deletion. However, I am unclear as to a valid use case which would exclude this mechanism from always being used. I guess this would fall into several sub-questions: When is referential integrity not appropriate? Is it appropriate to have fields containing multiple and/or possibly incomplete subsets of a foreign key's list? Typically, should this be a schema structure design decision or an interface design decision? (Or possibly neither or both) Thoughts?

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• What's the reason for leaving an extra blank line at the end of a code file?

  - by Lord Torgamus

  Eclipse and MyEclipse create new Java files with an extra blank line after the last closing brace by default. I think CodeWarrior did the same thing a few years back, and that some people leave such blank lines in their code either by intention or laziness. So, this seems to be at least a moderately widespread behavior. As a former human language editor -- copy editing newspapers, mostly -- I find that those lines look like sloppiness or accidents, and I can't think of a reason to leave them in source files. I know they don't affect compilation in C-style languages, including Java. Are there benefits to having those lines, and if so, what are they?

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• What is the point in using a "real" database modeling tool?

  - by cdeszaq

  We currently have a 10 year old nasty, spaghetti-code-style SQL Server database that we are soon looking to pretty much re-write from scratch as part of a re-write to a large web application. (The existing application will serve as the functional requirements for the next incarnation of the app). Some have suggested we use Visio to do all the diagramming and to generate the DDL, but others have suggested we use a dedicated database design tool, rather than a diagramming tool that is able to export DDL. Is there any benefit to using "real" DB design tools, such as ModelRight, over general tools like Visio? If so, what are those specific benefits? Edit: In a nutshell, what can real/dedicated tools do that something like Visio can't, and how much do these capabilities matter (from a best-practices standpoint, for example)

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• A way to avoid deriving from the provider classes in mvc authentication

  - by Shymep

  Looking for the best practice for authentication in MVC I unfortunately didn't find the clear answer to my question. Thinking of the problem I tried to imagine some priciples that could be useful in my design. Well, I would like to use a base AccountController class I want to place all the tables such as "Users", Roles, Rights etc into my own database. But I wouldn't like to implement the standard aspnetdb design (which can be easy got by using aspnet_regsql) So the main question is can I do this without deriving abstract classes like MembershipProvider, RoleProvider etc? What I would prefer not to do is implement all the abstract methods from these classes. The second question is still about the best practice for authentication e.g. for the small projects, for the large ones?

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• how to read an address in multiple formats like google maps

  - by ratan

  notice that on google maps you can input the address any way you like. as long as it is a valid address...google maps will read it. In some ruby book I had seen code snippet for something like this, but with phone numbers. Any ideas how this could be done for addresses? in language of your choice. EDIT: i dont care about a "valid" address. I just want to parse an address. so that 123 fake street, WA, 34223 would be an address and so will 123 fake street WA 34223

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• User Interface functionality modelling languages?

  - by naugtur

  I am looking for a UI functionality modelling language (UML-alike "thing", but for user interfaces) that is already accepted and maybe has its design patterns and handles the problem better than state or activity diagram. (If there is no such thing I'm planning to develop that BTW :)) This question came to mind as a result of a discovery that UML and its diagrams fails at describing complicated UI functionality with event-driven flow of execution (ie. javascript/jQuery big projects) EDIT: I've been thinking of using BPMN but It was not created for this purpose. EDIT2: See this community topic of mine - I decided to start developing said language.

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• Why do C compilers prepend underscores to external names?

  - by Michael Burr

  I've been working in C for so long that the fact that compilers typically add an underscore to the start of an extern is just understood... However, another SO question today got me wondering about the real reason why the underscore is added. A wikipedia article claims that a reason is: It was common practice for C compilers to prepend a leading underscore to all external scope program identifiers to avert clashes with contributions from runtime language support I think there's at least a kernel of truth to this, but also it seems to no really answer the question, since if the underscore is added to all externs it won't help much with preventing clashes. Does anyone have good information on the rationale for the leading underscore? Is the added underscore part of the reason that the Unix creat() system call doesn't end with an 'e'? I've heard that early linkers on some platforms had a limit of 6 characters for names. If that's the case, then prepending an underscore to external names would seem to be a downright crazy idea (now I only have 5 characters to play with...).

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• What languages have a while-else type control structure, and how does it work?

  - by Dan

  A long time ago, I thought I saw a proposal to add an else clause to for or while loops in C or C++... or something like that. I don't remember how it was supposed to work -- did the else clause run if the loop exited normally but not via a break statement? Anyway, this is tough to search for, so I thought maybe I could get some CW answers here for various languages. What languages support adding an else clause to something other than an if statement? What is the meaning of that clause? One language per answer please.

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• Storing Templates and Object-Oriented vs Relational Databases

  - by syrion

  I'm designing some custom blog software, and have run into a conundrum regarding database design. The software requires that there be multiple content types, each of which will require different entry forms and presentation templates. My initial instinct is to create these content types as objects, then serialize them and store them in the database as JSON or YAML, with the entry forms and templates as simple strings attached to the "contentTypes" table. This seems cumbersome, however. Are there established best practices for dealing with this design? Is this a use case where I should consider an object database? If I should be using an object database, which should I consider? I am currently working in Python and would prefer a capable Python library, but can move to Java if need be.

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• Voice Communication over TCP/IP

  - by Micha

  Hello, I'm currently developing application using DirectSound for communication on an intranet. I've had working solution using UDP but then my boss told me he wants to use TCP/IP for some reason. I've tried to implement it in pretty much the same way as UDP, but with very little success. What I get is basically just noise. 20% of it is the recorded sound and the rest is just weird noise. My guess for the reason is that TCP needs to read all the accepted data several times until it gets the final sound I can play. Now two questions: Am I on the right tracks? Is it even good idea to use TCP/IP for this kind of application (voice conferencing of sorts)? I'm doing it in C# but I don't think this is language specific.

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• Beginner question: What is binding?

  - by JDelage

  Hi, I was trying to understand the difference between early and late binding, and in the process realized that the concept of binding is nebulous to me. I think I understand that it relates to the way data-as-a-word-of-memory is linked to type-as-a-set-of-language-features but I am not sure those are the right concepts. Also, how does understanding this deeply help people become better programmers? Please note: This question is not "what is late v. early binding" or "what are the trade-offs between the 2". Those already exist here. Thanks, JDelage

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• Performance optimization strategies of last resort?

  - by jerryjvl

  There are plenty of performance questions on this site already, but it occurs to me that almost all are very problem-specific and fairly narrow. And almost all repeat the advice to avoid premature optimization. Let's assume: the code already is working correctly the algorithms chosen are already optimal for the circumstances of the problem the code has been measured, and the offending routines have been isolated all attempts to optimize will also be measured to ensure they do not make matters worse What I am looking for here is strategies and tricks to squeeze out up to the last few percent in a critical algorithm when there is nothing else left to do but whatever it takes. Ideally, try to make answers language agnostic, and indicate any down-sides to the suggested strategies where applicable. I'll add a reply with my own initial suggestions, and look forward to whatever else the SO community can think of.

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• Designing a Tag table that tells how many times it's used

  - by Satoru.Logic

  Hi, all. I am trying to design a tagging system with a model like this: Tag: content = CharField creator = ForeignKey used = IntergerField It is a many-to-many relationship between tags and what's been tagged. Everytime I insert a record into the assotication table, Tag.used is incremented by one, and decremented by one in case of deletion. Tag.used is maintained because I want to speed up answering the question 'How many times this tag is used?'. However, this seems to slow insertion down obviously. Please tell me how to improve this design. Thanks in advance.

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• Php PEAR, Database Abstraction & Factory Methods

  - by pws5068

  I'm interested in learning more about design practices in PHP for Database Abstraction & Factory methods. For background, my site is a special-interest social networking community currently in beta mode. Currently, I've started moving my old code for object retrieval to factory methods. However, I do feel like I'm limiting myself by keeping a lot of SQL table names and structure separated in each function/method. Questions: 1.) Is there a reason to use PEAR (or similar) if I dont anticipate switching databases? 2.) Can PEAR interface with the MySqli prepared statements I currently use? 3.) Will it help me separate table names from each method? (If no, what other design patterns might I want to research?) 4.) Will it slow down my site once I have a significantly large member base?

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• Code Golf: Phone Number to Words

  - by Nick Hodges

  Guidelines for code-golf on SO We've all seen phone numbers that are put into words: 1-800-BUY-MORE, etc. What is the shortest amount of code you can write that will produce all the possible combinations of words for a 7 digit US phone number. Input will be a seven digit integer (or string, if that is simpler), and assume that the input is properly formed. Output will be a list of seven character strings that For instance, the number 428-5246 would produce GATJAGM GATJAGN GATJAGO GATJAHM GATJAHN GATJAHO and so on..... Winning criteria will be code from any language with the fewest characters that produce every possible letter combination. Additional Notes: To make it more interesting, words can be formed only by using the letters on a North American Classic Key Pad phone with three letters per number as defined here.That means that Z and Q are excluded. For the number '1', put a space. For the number '0', put a hyphen '-' Bonus points awarded for recognizing output as real English words. Okay, not really. ;-)

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• Shortest distance between a point and a line segment

  - by Eli Courtwright

  I need a basic function to find the shortest distance between a point and a line segment. Feel free to write the solution in any language you want; I can translate it into what I'm using (Javascript). EDIT: My line segment is defined by two endpoints. So my line segment AB is defined by the two points A (x1,y1) and B (x2,y2). I'm trying to find the distance between this line segment and a point C (x3,y3). My geometry skills are rusty, so the examples I've seen are confusing, I'm sorry to admit.

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• Immutability of big objects

  - by Malax

  Hi StackOverflow! I have some big (more than 3 fields) Objects which can and should be immutable. Every time I run into that case i tend to create constructor abominations with long parameter lists. It doesn't feel right, is hard to use and readability suffers. It is even worse if the fields are some sort of collection type like lists. A simple addSibling(S s) would ease the object creation so much but renders the object mutable. What do you guys use in such cases? I'm on Scala and Java, but i think the problem is language agnostic as long as the language is object oriented. Solutions I can think of: "Constructor abominations with long parameter lists" The Builder Pattern Thanks for your input!

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• Are Scala "continuations" just a funky syntax for defining and using Callback Functions?

  - by Alex R

  And I mean that in the same sense that a C/Java for is just a funky syntax for a while loop. I still remember when first learning about the for loop in C, the mental effort that had to go into understanding the execution sequence of the three control expressions relative to the loop statement. Seems to me the same sort of effort has to be applied to understand Continuations (in Scala and I guess probably other languages). And then there's the obvious follow-up question... if so, then what's the point? It seems like a lot of pain (language complexity, programmer errors, unreadable programs, etc) for no gain.

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• How to decouple an app's agile development from a database using BDUF?

  - by Rob Wells

  G'day, I was reading the article "Database as a Fortress" by Dan Chak from the excellent book "97 Things Every Software Architect Should Know" (sanitised Amazon link) which suggests that databases should not be designed using an agile approach. There's an SO question on agile approaches and databases "Agile development and database changes" which has some excellent answers covering agile development approaches. In fact, one of the answers supplies a brilliant idea of what's needed for each update of the DB. ;-) But after reading Dan Chak's article, I am left wondering if an agile approach is really suitable for large scale systems. This of course leads on to the question of how best to decouple an agile approach for the application that is interacting with the BDUF database design without adding complicated translation layers in the final design employed? Any suggestions? cheers,

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• Is it possible to have regexp that matches all valid regular expressions?

  - by Juha Syrjälä

  Is it possible to detect if a given string is valid regular expression, using just regular expressions? Say I have some strings, that may or may not be a valid regular expressions. I'd like to have a regular expression matches those string that correspond to valid regular expression. Is that possible? Or do I have use some higher level grammar (i.e. context free language) to detect this? Does it affect if I am using some extended version of regexps like Perl regexps? If that is possible, what the regexp matching regexp is?

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• How to create windows form to display properly in all monitors?

  - by madhu bn

  I have created a windows form using (vs.net 2008 and vb.net as programming lanugage). Functionality part is working fine as expected. My issues is that, when i run my application in different machines, the form display is not proper accross the monitory screen. In some machines i noticed extra space on leftside of the container. In some other machine's it is vice versa. If you maximize or restore the form, the size varies. I tried to check the window form design on different machines using visual studio 2008, there also the form design looks differently. Please give me the solution to fix this issue. Thanks in advance.

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• Is there any valid reason radians are used as the inputs to trig function in many modern languages?

  - by johnmortal

  Is there any pressing reason trig functions should use radian inputs in modern programming languages? As far as I know radians are typically ugly to deal with except in three cases: (1) You want to compute an arc length and you know the angle of the arc and (2) You need to do symbolic calculus with trig functions (3) certain infinite series expansion look prettier if the input is in radians. None of these scenarios seem like a worthy justification for every programming language I am familiar with using radian inputs for Sin, Cos, Tangent, etc... The third one sounds good because it might mean one gets faster computations using radians (very slightly faster- the cost of one additional floating point multiplication ) , but I am dubious even of that because most commonly the developer had to take an extra step to put the angle in radians in the first place. The other two are ridiculous justifications for all the added obscurity.

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• Comet with ASP.NET AsyncHttpHandlers

  - by Sumit

  I am implementing a comet using AsyncHttpHandlers in my current asp.net application. According to my implementation client initially sends Notification Hook request to server (with its user id) on AsyncHttpHandler, and on server side I maintain a Global (Application level) dictionary of userid(key) and IAynsResult (value). So when ever a request is received to send notification to a user I just pick the matching IAsyncResult from the Global Dictionary and send response to the client user. My concern is, is maintaing a Dictionary of Userid and IAsyncResult at Application level a good design? I feel it will put a lot of load on the server, at the time of high traffic. Is there any other way I can achieve the comet. or what will be the good design to achieve comet for high traffic scenarios.

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• Database strucure for versioning and multiple languages

  - by phobia

  Hi, I'm wondering how to best solve the issue of content existing in multiple versions and multiple languages. An image of my current structure can be seen here: http://i46.tinypic.com/72fx3k.png Each content can only have one active version in each language, and that's how I'm curious on how to best solve. Right now I have a column of the contentversions table, which means for each change of active version I have to run a update and set active=false on all version and then a update to set active=true for the piece of content in question. Any thoughts? :)

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• Some good websites to learn about JavaScript and programming architecture?

  - by Jack Roscoe

  I'm not sure if 'architecture' is the correct term, but I've been looking for some articles online which talk about programming design and more about how best to use languages such as JavaScript in a code design sense rather than the actual syntax itself. I have found many websites but a lot seem to be very out dated, and I'm not sure what developments have taken place with JavaScript over the years so do not know how old is too old. If anybody could suggest some great websites, or maybe specific articles you think would be useful, that would be highly appreciated. I am a beginner programmer currently using JavaScript with XML and of course HTML & CSS, and I'm currently trying to get further into and learn more about web development.

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