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  • Why is there no service-oriented language?

    - by Wolfgang
    Edit: To avoid further confusion: I am not talking about web services and such. I am talking about structuring applications internally, it's not about how computers communicate. It's about programming languages, compilers and how the imperative programming paradigm is extended. Original: In the imperative programming field, we saw two paradigms in the past 20 years (or more): object-oriented (OO), and service-oriented (SO) aka. component-based (CB). Both paradigms extend the imperative programming paradigm by introducing their own notion of modules. OO calls them objects (and classes) and lets them encapsulates both data (fields) and procedures (methods) together. SO, in contrast, separates data (records, beans, ...) from code (components, services). However, only OO has programming languages which natively support its paradigm: Smalltalk, C++, Java and all other JVM-compatibles, C# and all other .NET-compatibles, Python etc. SO has no such native language. It only comes into existence on top of procedural languages or OO languages: COM/DCOM (binary, C, C++), CORBA, EJB, Spring, Guice (all Java), ... These SO frameworks clearly suffer from the missing native language support of their concepts. They start using OO classes to represent services and records. This leads to designs where there is a clear distinction between classes that have methods only (services) and those that have fields only (records). Inheritance between services or records is then simulated by inheritance of classes. Technically, its not kept so strictly but in general programmers are adviced to make classes to play only one of the two roles. They use additional, external languages to represent the missing parts: IDL's, XML configurations, Annotations in Java code, or even embedded DSL like in Guice. This is especially needed, but not limited to, since the composition of services is not part of the service code itself. In OO, objects create other objects so there is no need for such facilities but for SO there is because services don't instantiate or configure other services. They establish an inner-platform effect on top of OO (early EJB, CORBA) where the programmer has to write all the code that is needed to "drive" SO. Classes represent only a part of the nature of a service and lots of classes have to be written to form a service together. All that boiler plate is necessary because there is no SO compiler which would do it for the programmer. This is just like some people did it in C for OO when there was no C++. You just pass the record which holds the data of the object as a first parameter to the procedure which is the method. In a OO language this parameter is implicit and the compiler produces all the code that we need for virtual functions etc. For SO, this is clearly missing. Especially the newer frameworks extensively use AOP or introspection to add the missing parts to a OO language. This doesn't bring the necessary language expressiveness but avoids the boiler platform code described in the previous point. Some frameworks use code generation to produce the boiler plate code. Configuration files in XML or annotations in OO code is the source of information for this. Not all of the phenomena that I mentioned above can be attributed to SO but I hope it clearly shows that there is a need for a SO language. Since this paradigm is so popular: why isn't there one? Or maybe there are some academic ones but at least the industry doesn't use one.

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  • Working with foreigh keys - cannot insert

    - by Industrial
    Hi everyone! Doing my first tryouts with foreign keys in a mySQL database and are trying to do a insert, that fails for this reason: Integrity constraint violation: 1452 Cannot add or update a child row: a foreign key constraint fails Does this mean that foreign keys restrict INSERTS as well as DELETES and/or UPDATES on each table that is enforced with foreign keys relations? Thanks!

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  • Using MVC2 to update an Entity Framework v4 object with foreign keys fails

    - by jbjon
    With the following simple relational database structure: An Order has one or more OrderItems, and each OrderItem has one OrderItemStatus. Entity Framework v4 is used to communicate with the database and entities have been generated from this schema. The Entities connection happens to be called EnumTestEntities in the example. The trimmed down version of the Order Repository class looks like this: public class OrderRepository { private EnumTestEntities entities = new EnumTestEntities(); // Query Methods public Order Get(int id) { return entities.Orders.SingleOrDefault(d => d.OrderID == id); } // Persistence public void Save() { entities.SaveChanges(); } } An MVC2 app uses Entity Framework models to drive the views. I'm using the EditorFor feature of MVC2 to drive the Edit view. When it comes to POSTing back any changes to the model, the following code is called: [HttpPost] public ActionResult Edit(int id, FormCollection formValues) { // Get the current Order out of the database by ID Order order = orderRepository.Get(id); var orderItems = order.OrderItems; try { // Update the Order from the values posted from the View UpdateModel(order, ""); // Without the ValueProvider suffix it does not attempt to update the order items UpdateModel(order.OrderItems, "OrderItems.OrderItems"); // All the Save() does is call SaveChanges() on the database context orderRepository.Save(); return RedirectToAction("Details", new { id = order.OrderID }); } catch (Exception e) { return View(order); // Inserted while debugging } } The second call to UpdateModel has a ValueProvider suffix which matches the auto-generated HTML input name prefixes that MVC2 has generated for the foreign key collection of OrderItems within the View. The call to SaveChanges() on the database context after updating the OrderItems collection of an Order using UpdateModel generates the following exception: "The operation failed: The relationship could not be changed because one or more of the foreign-key properties is non-nullable. When a change is made to a relationship, the related foreign-key property is set to a null value. If the foreign-key does not support null values, a new relationship must be defined, the foreign-key property must be assigned another non-null value, or the unrelated object must be deleted." When debugging through this code, I can still see that the EntityKeys are not null and seem to be the same value as they should be. This still happens when you are not changing any of the extracted Order details from the database. Also the entity connection to the database doesn't change between the act of Getting and the SaveChanges so it doesn't appear to be a Context issue either. Any ideas what might be causing this problem? I know EF4 has done work on foreign key properties but can anyone shed any light on how to use EF4 and MVC2 to make things easy to update; rather than having to populate each property manually. I had hoped the simplicity of EditorFor and DisplayFor would also extend to Controllers updating data. Thanks

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  • Why does the word "Pythonic" exist?

    - by Billy ONeal
    Honestly, I hate the word "Pythonic" -- it's used as a simple synonym of "good" in many circles, and I think that's pretentious. Those who use it are silently saying that good code cannot be written in a language other than Python. Not saying Python is a bad language, but it's certainly not the "end all be all language to solve ALL of everyone's problems forever!" (Because that language does not exist). What it seems like people who use this word really mean is "idiomatic" rather than "Pythonic" -- and of course the word "idiomatic" already exists. Therefore I wonder: Why does the word "Pythonic" exist?

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  • What is the exact problem with multiple inheritance?

    - by Totophil
    I can see people asking all the time whether multiple inheritance should be included into the next version of C# or Java and C++ folks, who are fortunate enough to have this ability, say that this is like giving someone a rope to eventually hang themselves. What’s the matter with the multiple inheritance? Are there any concrete samples?

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  • Constructing human readable sentences based on a survey

    - by Joshua
    The following is a survey given to course attendees to assess an instructor at the end of the course. Communication Skills 1. The instructor communicated course material clearly and accurately. Yes No 2. The instructor explained course objectives and learning outcomes. Yes No 3. In the event of not understanding course materials the instructor was available outside of class. Yes No 4. Was instructor feedback and grading process clear and helpful? Yes No 5. Do you feel that your oral and written skills have improved while in this course? Yes No We would like to summarize each attendees selection based on the choices chosen by him. If the provided answers were [No, No, Yes, Yes, Yes]. Then we would summarize this as "The instructor was not able to summarize course objectives and learning outcomes clearly, but was available for usually helpful outside of class. The instructor feedback and grading process was clear and helpful and I feel that my oral and written skills have improved because of this course. Based on the selections chosen by the attendee the summary would be quite different. This leads to many answers based on the choices selected and the number of such questions in the survey. The questions are usually provided by the training organization. How do you come up with a generic solution so that this can be effectively translated into a human readable form. I am looking for tools or libraries (java based), suggestions which will help me create such human readable output. I would like to hide the complexity from the end users as much as possible.

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  • How to perform FST (Finite State Transducer) composition

    - by Tasbeer
    Consider the following FSTs : T1 0 1 a : b 0 2 b : b 2 3 b : b 0 0 a : a 1 3 b : a T2 0 1 b : a 1 2 b : a 1 1 a : d 1 2 a : c How do I perform the composition operation on these two FSTs (i.e. T1 o T2) I saw some algorithms but couldn't understand much. If anyone could explain it in a easy way it would be a major help. Please note that this is NOT a homework. The example is taken from the lecture slides where the solution is given but I couldn't figure out how to get to it.

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  • Defining the context of a word - Python

    - by RadiantHex
    Hi folks, I think this is an interesting question, at least for me. I have a list of words, let's say: photo, free, search, image, css3, css, tutorials, webdesign, tutorial, google, china, censorship, politics, internet and I have a list of contexts: Programming World news Technology Web Design I need to try and match words with the appropriate context/contexts if possible. Maybe discovering word relationships in some way. Any ideas? Help would be much appreciated!

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  • translate by replacing words inside existing text

    - by Berry Tsakala
    What are common approaches for translating certain words (or expressions) inside a given text, when the text must be reconstructed (with punctuations and everythin.) ? The translation comes from a lookup table, and covers words, collocations, and emoticons like L33t, CUL8R, :-), etc. Simple string search-and-replace is not enough since it can replace part of longer words (cat dog ? caterpillar dogerpillar). Assume the following input: s = "dogbert, started a dilbert dilbertion proces cat-bert :-)" after translation, i should receive something like: result = "anna, started a george dilbertion process cat-bert smiley" I can't simply tokenize, since i loose punctuations and word positions. Regular expressions, works for normal words, but don't catch special expressions like the smiley :-) but it does . re.sub(r'\bword\b','translation',s) ==> translation re.sub(r'\b:-\)\b','smiley',s) ==> :-) for now i'm using the above mentioned regex, and simple replace for the non-alphanumeric words, but it's far from being bulletproof. (p.s. i'm using python)

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  • Where can I find a list of English phrases?

    - by Marcus Adams
    I'm tasked with searching for the use of cliches and common phrases in text. The phrases are similar to the phrases you might see for the phrase puzzles on Wheel of Fortune. Here are a few examples: Safety First Too Good To be True Winning Isn't Everything I cannot find a list of phrases however. Does anybody know of such a list? Seriously, even a list of all Wheel of Fortune solutions would suffice.

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  • java vs python. In what way is Java Better?

    - by oxinabox.ucc.asn.au
    What are the advantages of Java over Python? What are the disadvantagesof Python, over Java? Why isn't Java more like Python? Like why don't java have an command line iterpretor? I beleive Java must have some advantages, but...I'm yet to see them. Logically all languages have an advantage afaict: I learnt java before python, - a 6 month unicourse. I spend a couple of weeks using python (writting a script to make a C source file). I hated it at first (as it was so differnt from C). I realised I had fallen in love it it, when I noticed that when I went to do a follow on Java Course at uni, I'ld stopped giving my variables types, and was tryign to multiply strings.

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  • MYSQL: Error: Cannot add or update a child row: a foreign key constraint fails

    - by DalivDali
    Hi all, Using MySQL on Windows OS, and am getting an error upon attempting to create a foreign key between two tables: CREATE TABLE tf_traffic_stats ( domain_name char(100) NOT NULL, session_count int(11) NULL, search_count int(11) NULL, click_count int(11) NULL, revenue float NULL, rpm float NULL, cpc float NULL, traffic_date date NOT NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00', PRIMARY KEY(domain_name,traffic_date)) and CREATE TABLE td_domain_name ( domain_id int(10) UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL, domain_name char(100) NOT NULL, update_date date NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY(domain_id)) The following statement gives me the error present in the subject line (cannot add or update a child row: a foreign key constraint fails): ALTER TABLE td_domain_name ADD CONSTRAINT FK_domain_name FOREIGN KEY(domain_name) REFERENCES tf_traffic_stats(domain_name) ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT Can someone point me in the right direction of what may be causing the error. I also have a foreign key referencing td_domain_name.domain_id, but I don't think this should be interfering... Appreciate it!

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  • Is MVVM killing silverlight development?

    - by DeanMc
    This is a question I have had rattling around in my head for some time. I had a chat with a guy the other night who told me he would not be using the navigational framework because he could not figure out how it works with MVVM. As much as I tried to explain that patterns should be taken with a pinch of salt he would not listen. My point is this, patterns are great when they solve some problem. Sometimes only part of the pattern solves a particular problem while the other parts of it cause different problems. The goal of any developer is to build a solid application using a combination of patterns know how and foresight. I feel MVVM is becoming the one pattern to rule them all. As it is not directly supported by .Net some fancy business is needed to make it work. I feel that people are missing the point of the pattern, which is loosely coupled, testable code and instead jumping through hoops and missing out on great experiences trying to follow MVVM to the letter. MVVM is great but I wish it came with a warning or disclaimer for newbies as my fear is people will shy away from silverlight development for fear of being smacked with the mvvm stick. EDIT: Can I just add as an edit, I use and agree with MVVM as a pattern I know when it is and isn't feasible in my projects. My issue is with the encompassing nature it is taking, as if it HAS to be used as part of development. It is being used as an integral feature and not a pattern, which it is.

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  • What's the problem with Scala's XML literals?

    - by Oak
    In this post, Martin (the language's head honcho) writes: [XML literals] Seemed a great idea at the time, now it sticks out like a sore thumb. I believe with the new string interpolation scheme we will be able to put all of XML processing in the libraries, which should be a big win. Being interested in language design myself, I'm wondering: Why does he write that it was a mistake to incorporate XML literals into the language? What is the controversy regarding this feature?

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  • href="x-default" for english version which isn't an auto-redirecting homepage or country selector?

    - by Noam
    for each url on my site, I'm auto-redirecting according to header accept language. The site arch is english version: http://mydomain.com/page spanish version http://es.mydomaina.com/page etc.. The english version is displayed unless I'm seeing a specific language other than en and that I support in the header, and then a redirect occurs. Google says this: For language/country selectors or auto-redirecting homepages, you should add an annotation for the hreflang value "x-default" as well: My pages aren't language selectors, nor are they the homepage. But I am auto-redirecting. My question is, should my english version be hreflang="x-default" or/and hrefland="en"?

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  • C++: calling non-member functions with the same syntax of member ones

    - by peoro
    One thing I'd like to do in C++ is to call non-member functions with the same syntax you call member functions: class A { }; void f( A & this ) { /* ... */ } // ... A a; a.f(); // this is the same as f(a); Of course this could only work as long as f is not virtual (since it cannot appear in A's virtual table. f doesn't need to access A's non-public members. f doesn't conflict with a function declared in A (A::f). I'd like such a syntax because in my opinion it would be quite comfortable and would push good habits: calling str.strip() on a std::string (where strip is a function defined by the user) would sound a lot better than calling strip( str );. most of the times (always?) classes provide some member functions which don't require to be member (ie: are not virtual and don't use non-public members). This breaks encapsulation, but is the most practical thing to do (due to point 1). My question here is: what do you think of such feature? Do you think it would be something nice, or something that would introduce more issues than the ones it aims to solve? Could it make sense to propose such a feature to the next standard (the one after C++0x)? Of course this is just a brief description of this idea; it is not complete; we'd probably need to explicitly mark a function with a special keyword to let it work like this and many other stuff.

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  • Find the gender from a name

    - by Ramesh
    Hi guys, I recently confronted with a weird yet interesting question. The questions is as follows: Need to write a program which can give the gender as output based on the name. Example: INPUT -- John Michael Britney OUTPUT-- male male female So this is the output I expect. I tried a lot to solve, but I really was not able to crack it. I will be really thankful to this site for giving me an opportunity to share this question. Actually this is asked in a programming contest as a flyer problem, so I thought this can be programmed.

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  • Using MLP, how to make a link to the according page in the other languages?

    - by lyle
    the question says it all, but here's a bit more detail: I help building a bilingual website using MLP on TextPattern. It's trivial to put a link to the top level page of another language, but how to put a link to the current page in another language? Eg. /en/contact should link to /de/kontakt (the same article in another language). I'm sure there are some variables somewhere that I could put into the template that would be filled with the correct links. Thankx in advance. :)

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  • Disable Foreign Key Exposure in Entity Framework?

    - by davemackey
    When I originally created a Dynamic Data project I told it to expose the foreign keys, but now I can't make mappings between two entities b/c of the foreign keys. When I click on mapping details while focused on my association I receive the message: Mappings are not allow for an association over exposed foreign keys. So I'd like to disable the exposure of the foreign keys but am unsure how to do this without creating a new Entity Model from scratch. I'm not far along - so that wouldn't be hard, but I imagine there must be a programmatic switch for this?

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  • Are there advantages of using hard coded URLs for localization?

    - by nbolton
    On the Synergy website, localization is detected (and can be overridden) but uses the same URL for all languages. Some websites however, like Wikipedia have language specific subdomains. What are the advantages of having either subdomains or subdirectories (i.e. a specific URL) for each language localization? Also, should it automatically redirect the user to the specific subdomain/subdir based on the language that the browser requests? I suspect that there are advantages, which I'm guessing are: When the website appears in search results for non-English languages, the translated page description will be shown (assuming there is a translation provided by the website). When a user shares a page (e.g. through twitter), it will show in a specific language. Perhaps this is a disadvantage though? Am I correct, if so, are there more advantages?

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